Pākūr / Vākūr / Bahur, Tirumūlanātar temple, time of Kaṉṉaradeva, year 22

Author of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: Ardhamaṇḍapa, south wall. Kaṉṉaradeva = Kṛṣṇa III Rāṣṭrakūṭa, RY 22 = 961 CE.

Language: Tamil (tam) [Grantha (grantha), Tamil (tamil)].

Repository: Pondicherry (tfa-pondicherry-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSPondicherry00002.

File path: DHARMA_INSPondicherry00002.xml.

Version: 2026-11-04 20:32 (e2dd903), last modified 2026-10-27 12:14 (3137dcf).

Edition

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī kaṉṉara-tēvarkku yāṇṭu 2 10 2-Āvatu
⟨2⟩ vākūr mahāsabhaiyōm Ādhirājamaṅkalya-purattu vyāpā-
⟨3⟩ ri tīraṉ murukaṉukku Oṭṭi-k kuṭutta paric’ āvatu Ivv-ūr teṉ-
⟨4⟩ -piṭākai compiḷipākkattu Oṭṭaṅkollaiyil sabhaiyōm
⟨5⟩ pakkal Iṟaiyili-y-āka vilai koṇṭu Ivv-ūr Iruntu vyākhyānañ cey-
⟨6⟩ yum bhaṭṭa⟨r⟩kaḷukku bhaṭṭa-vṛt=tiyāka vaitta karuttu-c-ceṟuvu nūṟum candrāti-
⟨7⟩ tyaval bhaṭṭavṛt=ti y-āvat’ ākavum In-nilañ cuṭṭi Eppērppaṭṭa
⟨8⟩ Ūr-iṭu varippāṭuṅ kāṭṭa-p peṟātōm ākavum Idhanmam sabhaiyō-
⟨9⟩ m niṟutti-k kuṭuppat’ ākavum Itu Iṟakkuvataṟku-p paṟṟāṉ-āṉa Ivaṉ aṟu-
⟨10⟩ pattu muntuṟṟārē dhanmāsa mutalāka mun=tuṟṟa kovukkē taravukkē vāsittu
⟨11⟩ taṇṭam Iṭa-p peṟuvat’ āka vuppaṭṭum Idharmam niṟutti-k kuṭuppat’ ākavum Ip-
⟨12⟩ -paric’ oṭṭi-k kkuṭuttōm vākūr sabhaiyōm paṇiyāl madhyastaṉ Āyira-
⟨13⟩ ttaiññūṟṟuvaṉ eḻuttu ⟨∥⟩

Apparatus

⟨11⟩ vuppaṭṭum ⬦ vu⟨ṭ⟩ppaṭṭum SII; vuppaṭṭum PI.

⟨13⟩ °ñūṟṟuvaṉ PI ⬦ nūṟṟuvaṉ SII.

Translation by Kuppusamy & Vijayavenugopal 2010

⟨1⟩ Hail! Prosperity!

⟨1⟩ 22nd year ⟨of the reign⟩ of Kaṉṉara-tēvar.

⟨2–3⟩ The manner in which we, the members of the great assembly of Vākūr granted, upon mutual consent, to Tīraṉ Murukaṉ, a merchant of Ātirājamaṅkalyapuram, is ⟨as follows⟩.

⟨3–7⟩ Let ⟨the land⟩ Karuttucceṟuvu one hundred¹ bought from us, the members of the assembly, tax-free, at Oṭṭaṅkollai in Compiḷipākkam, a southern hamlet of this village and endowed as the land for the bhaṭṭas² who live in this village and give exposition ⟨of the Vedas⟩ be the land for the bhaṭṭas (bhaṭṭavṛtti) as long as the moon and the sun will last.

⟨7–8⟩ We shall not show any village tax referring to this land.

⟨8–9⟩ We shall maintain this donation.

⟨9–10⟩ This donation shall be established provided that this person,³ who has the obligation to pay the tax, agrees that he shall be fined, by reading out ⟨the relevant portions⟩ to the judge or the king/officer present ⟨if this donation’s conditions are violated⟩.

⟨11–12⟩ We, the members of the assembly of Vākūr, have sanctioned ⟨this donation⟩ in this manner upon mutual agreement.

⟨12–13⟩ By order this is the writing of Āyirattaiññūṟṟuvaṉ, the accountant.

Bibliography

Reported in ARIE 1901–02 (ARIE/1901-1902/B/1902/175).

Edited in Subrahmanya Aiyer 1932 (SII 7.802). First few letters of each line missing.

Edited in Kuppusamy & Vijayavenugopal 2006 (PI 2) and translated in Kuppusamy & Vijayavenugopal 2010 (PI 2).

This digital edition by Emmanuel Francis, based on Kuppusamy & Vijayavenugopal 2006. This translation adapted from Kuppusamy & Vijayavenugopal 2010.

Primary

[SII] Subrahmanya Aiyer, K.V. 1932. South-Indian inscriptions (texts). Volume VII: Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil, Malayalam, Telugu and Kannada countries. South Indian Inscriptions 7. Calcutta: Government of India, Central Publication Branch. Page 408, item 802.

[PI] Kuppusamy, Bahour S. & G. Vijayavenugopal. 2006. Pondicherry inscriptions. Part I: Introduction and texts with notes = Putuccēri mānilak kalveṭṭukkaḷ. Pondichéry: Ecole française d’Extrême-Orient; Institut français de Pondichéry. Pages 1–2, item 2.

[PI] Kuppusamy, Bahour S. & G. Vijayavenugopal. 2010. Pondicherry inscriptions. Part II: Translation, appendices, glossary and phrases, [and] preface = Putuccēri mānilak kalveṭṭukkaḷ. Pondichéry: Ecole française d’Extrême-Orient; Institut français de Pondichéry. Page 1, item 2.

Secondary

[ARIE] ARIE 1901–02. G.O. Nos. 763, 764, 6th August 1902. Epigraphy. Passing orders on the annual report on – for 1901-1902. Copy to the Government of India. Edited by Eugen Julius Theodor Hultzsch. Madras: Government of Madras, Public Department, 1902. Page 13, appendix B/1902, item 175.

Notes

1. That is, the name of the land?
2. That is, the Brahmins.
3. That is, Tīraṉ Murukaṉ.

Display Options Word Wrap Line Numbers Comments Processing Instructions

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_Schema.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>

<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_SQF.sch" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>

<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>

<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>

<title>Pākūr / Vākūr / Bahur, Tirumūlanātar temple, time of Kaṉṉaradeva, year 22</title>

<resp key="creator">author of digital edition</resp>

<forename>Emmanuel</forename>

<surname>Francis</surname>

</persName>

</respStmt>

<funder>European Research Council (ERC), grant agreement no 809994</funder></titleStmt>

<authority><ref target="https://dharmalekha.info">DHARMA</ref></authority>

<pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>

<idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSPondicherry00002.xml</idno>

</publicationStmt>

<msIdentifier><repository>as per external metadata</repository></msIdentifier>

<summary><foreign>Ardhamaṇḍapa</foreign>, south wall. Kaṉṉaradeva = Kṛṣṇa III Rāṣṭrakūṭa, RY 22 = 961 CE. </summary>

</msContents>

<p/>

</handDesc>

</physDesc>

</msDesc>

</sourceDesc>

</fileDesc>

<p>Encoded in TEI/EpiDoc according to the <ref target="https://hal.science/halshs-02888186">DHARMA Encoding Guide for Documentary Editions, version 2</ref></p>

</encodingDesc>

<change who="part:reda" when="2026-10-26" status="draft">Creation of the file</change>

</revisionDesc>

</teiHeader>

<body>

<ab>

<lb n="1"/><hi rend="grantha">svasti śrī</hi>

</ab>

<p>

kaṉṉara-tēvarkku yāṇṭu <num value="22">2 <g type="numeral">10</g> 2</num>-Āvatu

</p>

<p>

<lb n="2"/>vākūr <hi rend="grantha">mahāsabhai</hi>yōm Ā<hi rend="grantha">dhi</hi>rā<hi rend="grantha">ja</hi>maṅka<hi rend="grantha">lya</hi>-purattu <hi rend="grantha">vyā</hi>pā

<lb n="3" break="no"/>ri tīraṉ murukaṉukku Oṭṭi-k kuṭutta paric’ āvatu

</p>

<p>

Ivv-ūr teṉ

<lb n="4" break="no"/>-piṭākai compiḷipākkattu Oṭṭaṅkollaiyil <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yōm

<lb n="5"/>pakkal Iṟaiyili-y-āka vilai koṇṭu Ivv-ūr Iruntu <hi rend="grantha">vyākhyā</hi>nañ cey

<lb n="6" break="no"/>yum <hi rend="grantha">bha</hi>ṭṭa<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>kaḷukku <hi rend="grantha">bha</hi>ṭṭa-<hi rend="grantha">vṛ</hi>t=tiyāka vaitta karuttu-c-ceṟuvu nūṟum <hi rend="grantha">candrā</hi>ti

<lb n="7" break="no"/><hi rend="grantha">tya</hi>val <hi rend="grantha">bha</hi>ṭṭa<hi rend="grantha">vṛ</hi>t=ti y-āvat’ ākavum

</p>

<p>

In-nilañ cuṭṭi Eppērppaṭṭa

<lb n="8"/>Ūr-iṭu varippāṭuṅ kāṭṭa-p peṟātōm ākavum

</p>

<p>

I<hi rend="grantha">dhanma</hi>m <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yō

<lb n="9" break="no"/>m niṟutti-k kuṭuppat’ ākavum

</p>

<p>

Itu Iṟakkuvataṟku-p paṟṟāṉ-āṉa Ivaṉ aṟu

<lb n="10" break="no"/>pattu muntuṟṟārē <hi rend="grantha">dhanmāsa</hi> mutalāka mun=tuṟṟa kovukkē taravukkē vā<hi rend="grantha">si</hi>ttu

<lb n="11"/>taṇṭam Iṭa-p peṟuvat’ āka <hi rend="check">vuppaṭṭum</hi> I<hi rend="grantha">dharma</hi>m niṟutti-k kuṭuppat’ ākavum

</p>

<p>

<lb n="12" break="no"/>-paric’ oṭṭi-k kkuṭuttōm vākūr <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yōm

</p>

<p>

paṇiyāl <hi rend="grantha">madhyasta</hi>ṉ Āyira

<lb n="13" break="no"/>ttaiññūṟṟuvaṉ eḻuttu <supplied reason="subaudible"><g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g></supplied>

</p>

</div>

<lem>vuppaṭṭum</lem>

<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1932_01">vu<supplied reason="omitted">ṭ</supplied>ppaṭṭum</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Kuppusamy+Vijayavenugopal2006_01">vuppaṭṭum</rdg>

</app>

<lem source="bib:Kuppusamy+Vijayavenugopal2006_01">°ñūṟṟuvaṉ</lem>

<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1932_01">nūṟṟuvaṉ</rdg>

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

<p n="1">Hail! Prosperity!</p>

<p n="1">22nd year <supplied reason="subaudible">of the reign</supplied> of Kaṉṉara-tēvar.</p>

<p n="2-3">The manner in which we,

the members of the great assembly of Vākūr granted, upon mutual consent, to Tīraṉ Murukaṉ, a

merchant of Ātirājamaṅkalyapuram, is <supplied reason="subaudible">as follows</supplied>.</p>

Let <supplied reason="subaudible">the land</supplied> Karuttucceṟuvu one hundred<note>That is, the name of the land?</note> bought from us, the members of the assembly, tax-free, at Oṭṭaṅkollai in Compiḷipākkam, a southern hamlet of this village and endowed as the land for the <foreign>bhaṭṭa</foreign>s<note>That is, the Brahmins.</note> who live in this village and give exposition <supplied reason="subaudible">of the Vedas</supplied> be the land for the <foreign>bhaṭṭa</foreign>s <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>bhaṭṭavṛtti</foreign></supplied> as long as the moon and the sun will last.</p>

<p n="7-8">We shall not show any village tax referring to this land.</p>

<p n="8-9">We shall maintain this donation.</p>

<p n="9-10">This donation shall be established provided that this person,<note>That is, Tīraṉ Murukaṉ.</note> who has the obligation to pay the tax, agrees that he shall be fined, by reading out <supplied reason="subaudible">the relevant portions</supplied> to the judge or the king/officer present <supplied reason="subaudible">if this donation’s conditions are violated</supplied>.</p>

<p n="11-12">We, the members of the assembly of Vākūr, have sanctioned <supplied reason="subaudible">this donation</supplied> in this manner upon mutual agreement.</p>

<p n="12-13">By order this is the writing of Āyirattaiññūṟṟuvaṉ, the accountant.</p>

</div>

</div>

<p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1901-1902"/></bibl> (ARIE/1901-1902/B/1902/175).</p>

<p>Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1932_01"/></bibl> (<ref target="DHARMA_INSSIIv07p0i0802.xml">SII 7.802</ref>). First few letters of each line missing.</p>

<p>Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Kuppusamy+Vijayavenugopal2006_01"/></bibl> (PI 2) and translated in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Kuppusamy+al2010_01"/></bibl> (PI 2).</p>

<p>This digital edition by Emmanuel Francis, based on <bibl><ptr target="bib:Kuppusamy+Vijayavenugopal2006_01"/></bibl>. This translation adapted from <bibl><ptr target="bib:Kuppusamy+al2010_01"/></bibl>.</p>

</bibl>

</bibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

</div>

</body>

</text>

</TEI>