Āyaka pillar from Jaggayyapeta — reign of Siri-Vīrapurisadatta, year 20

Editors: Arlo Griffiths, Vincent Tournier.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSEIAD00031.

Hand description:

Language: Middle Indo-Aryan.

Repository: Early Andhra (tfb-eiad-epigraphy).

Version: 2025-05-06 06:25 (a154659), last modified 2025-04-21 01:54 (72e3163).

⟨1⟩ [si](dhaṁ) (~)(ra)ño māḍhariputasa Ikhā[kunāṁ] [si]r[i]virapurisadatasa sa(ṁ)vachara 20vāsāpakhaṁ 6divasaṁ 10 ⟨2⟩ [kaṁ](m)ākararaṭhe toḍatūre vathavasa Avesanisa nākacaṁdasa put(o) g(ā)me mahākāṁḍurūre vathavo ⟨3⟩ Avesani sidhatho Apaṇo mātaraṁ nāgilaniṁ purato kātūna(ṁ) gharaniṁ ca samudaniṁ bālaka⟨ṁ⟩ ca mūlasiri⟨ṁ⟩ bā⟨4⟩(li)kāṁ ca [nā]kabudhanikaṁ bhātukaṁ ca budhinakaṁ tasa gharaniṁ Ekanikaṁ bālakāṁ ca nāgasiri caṁdasiri bālikaṁ (ca) ⟨5⟩ sidhathanikaṁ Evaṁ nātimitasaṁ[baṁdh]ivagena saha gā[me] velagiriyaṁ bhagavato budhasa puvadāre A(ya)⟨6⟩kakhaṁbhe 5saveniyute Apaṇa deya[dhaṁmaṁ] [sa](va)satānaṁ h[ita]sukhāya patiṭhapita ti ||~

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ 6 ⬦ 8 Burgess 1887 • The reading 6 and not 8 is confirmed by comparing sequences chaṭhaṁ 6 and Aṭhamaṁ 8 in inscriptions EIAD 46 and 83.

⟨2⟩ [kaṁ](m)ākaraṭhe ⬦ [1+][1×] ka [1×] ṭhe Burgess 1887. — ⟨2⟩ toḍatūre ⬦ ṇaḍatūre Burgess 1887. — ⟨2⟩ Avesanisa ⬦ Avesaṇisa Burgess 1887. — ⟨2⟩ Avesani ⬦ Avesaṇi Burgess 1887.

⟨3⟩ kātūna(ṁ) ⬦ katūnaṁ Burgess 1887.

⟨3–4⟩ bā(li)kāṁ ⬦ bāl(i)kaṁ Burgess 1887.

⟨4⟩ Ekanikaṁ bālakāṁ ⬦ ca kanikaṁ bālakā Burgess 1887 • The parallel passages in EIAD 31-33 and 90 all unambiguously read Ekaṁṇikaṁ. The syntax, however, demands the particle ca after gharaniṁ. Since ca and E are graphically close, one may explain this situation as the result of a pseudo-haplography in the master-copy of these inscriptions, as we assume in our translation. A similar haplography must have led to the dropping of another ca after nāgasiri.

⟨5⟩ saha ⬦ sahā Burgess 1887.

⟨6⟩ Apaṇa ⬦ Apano Burgess 1887 • Emend Apaṇo, as in EIAD 32 and 33. The stone carver seems to have simply forgotten to apply the two median strokes for vowel o. — ⟨6⟩ saveniyute ⬦ save niyute Burgess 1887 • Emend savaniyute. See EIAD 32. — ⟨6⟩ h[ita]sukhāya ⬦ hi sukhāya Burgess 1887. — ⟨6⟩ patiṭhapita ⬦ paṭith[a]pita Burgess 1887 • Franke 1896, p. 601 already corrected Burgess’ reading.

Translation

(1) Success! In the 20th year of King Māṭharīputta Siri-Vīrapurisadatta of the Ikṣvākus, in the 6th fortnight of the rainy season, on the 10th day.

(2–6) The artisan (avesani) Sidhatha (Siddhārtha), resident in the village Big Kāṇḍurūra, son of the artisan Nākacanda (Nāgacandra), resident in Toḍatūra in the province (raṭha) Kammākara, together with the group of kinsmen, friends and relatives — giving pride of place to his mother Nāgilani, (his) distinguished wife (gharaṇī) Samudanī, and (his) son Mūlasiri, and (his) daughter Nākabudhannikā, and (his) brother Budhinnaka, (and) the latter’s wife Ekanikā, and sons Nāgasiri (and) Candasiri, and daughter Sidhathanikā — established in the village Velagiri, at the eastern gate (of the Great Shrine) of the Bhagavant, the Buddha, 5 āyaka pillars, equipped with everything, as his pious gift, for the well-being and happiness of all beings.

Commentary

(2) Avesanisa¹

Bibliography

First described and edited by Bühler 1882, pp. 258–9 (I), followed by Burgess 1882, pp. 55–6 (reading and translation by Bhagvanlal Indraji) and then Burgess 1887, pp. 110–1 (1) (new reading, with Bühler’s translation). Re-edited here from the estampage published by Burgess.

Secondary

Franke, R. Otto. 1896. “Epigraphische Notizen.” ZDMG 50, pp. 585–606. [URL]. Page 601.

Lüders, Heinrich. 1912. A list of Brahmi inscriptions from the earliest times to about A.D. 400 with the exception of those of Asoka. Appendix to Epigraphia Indica and record of the Archæological Survey of India 10. Calcutta: Superintendent Government Printing. [URL]. Page no. 1204.

Srinivasan, P. R. and S. Sankaranarayanan. 1979. Inscriptions of the Ikshvāku period. Epigraphical Series 14. Hyderabad: Govt. of Andhra Pradesh. Page no. 24.

Tsukamoto Keishō 塚本啓祥. 1996. インド仏教碑銘の研究 I, Text, Note, 和訳 Indo Bukkyō himei no kenkyū I: Text, Note, Wayaku [A comprehensive study of the Indian Buddhist inscriptions, Part I: Text, Notes and Japanese Translation]. Kyōto-shi 京都市: Heirakuji Shoten 平楽寺書店. Page no. Jaga 2.

Raghunath, K. 2001. The Ikṣvākus of Vijayapuri: A study of the Nagarjunakonda inscriptions. Delhi: Eastern Book Linkers. Page 118 (no. 17).

Notes

1. Beside the two other instances from Jaggayyapeta, the word āvesani also occurs in Tsukamoto Keishō 塚本啓祥 1996, p. no. Sāñcī 384 and two inscriptions from Amarāvatī (EIAD 342, 515). Majumdar 1922, p. 34 n. 2 alludes to these inscriptions. The word was rendered ““the foreman of artisans”” by Bühler 1894, p. 88, an interpretation accepted by Lüders but with the simpler translation “artisan” also adopted in Sircar 1966, p. 41. Cone 2001–2010, p. (s.v.) translates the related āvesana as “workshop”. Interesting mentions of āveśani also occur in the Arthaśāstra, at 2.14.1 sauvarṇikaḥ paurajānapadānāṁ rūpyasuvarṇam āveśanibhiḥ kārayet | and at 2.14.7 āveśanibhiḥ suvarṇapudgalalakṣaṇaprayogeṣu tat taj jānīyāt |.

Display Options Word Wrap Line Numbers Comments Processing Instructions

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Data source: 'iksvaku-inscriptions/metadata/EIAD-inventory.xlsx'

- - - - - - - - -

[1] Inventory no. EIAD: 31

[2] Raghunath no.: 17

[3] Srinivasan & Sankaranarayanan no.: 24

[4] Tsukamoto no.: Jaga 2

[5] Lüders no.: 1204

[6] Support : Āyaka pillar

[7] (Faces:) Lines: 6

[8] H:

[9] W:

[10] D:

[11] H:

[12] W:

[13] Language(s): MIA

[14] Original locality: Jaggayyapeta

[15] Present locality: unknown

[16] Primary bibliography: Bühler 1882: 258-9 (I). — Burgess 1882: 55-6; 1887: 110-1 (1).

[17] Secondary bibliography: Franke 1896: 601. — Raghunath 2001: 118 (17).

[18] Visual documentation: Burgess 1887, plate LXII (1).

[19] Substance of inscription: erection of 5 Āyaka pillars for welfare and happiness

[20] Remarks:

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<text xml:space="preserve"><body><div type="edition" xml:lang="pra-Latn"><ab><lb n="1"/><supplied reason="lost">si</supplied><unclear>dhaṁ</unclear> <unclear><g type="dash">.</g></unclear><unclear>ra</unclear>ño māḍhariputasa Ikhā<supplied reason="lost">kunāṁ</supplied> <supplied reason="lost">si</supplied>r<supplied reason="lost">i</supplied>virapurisadatasa sa<unclear>ṁ</unclear>vachara <num value="20">20</num>vāsāpakhaṁ <num value="6">6</num>divasaṁ <num value="10">10</num><lb n="2"/><supplied reason="lost">kaṁ</supplied><unclear>m</unclear>ākararaṭhe toḍatūre vathavasa Avesanisa nākacaṁdasa put<unclear>o</unclear> g<unclear>ā</unclear>me mahākāṁḍurūre vathavo <lb n="3"/>Avesani sidhatho Apaṇo mātaraṁ nāgilaniṁ purato kātūna<unclear>ṁ</unclear> gharaniṁ ca samudaniṁ bālaka<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> ca mūlasiri<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> bā<lb n="4" break="no"/><unclear>li</unclear>kāṁ ca <supplied reason="lost">nā</supplied>kabudhanikaṁ bhātukaṁ ca budhinakaṁ tasa gharaniṁ Ekanikaṁ bālakāṁ ca nāgasiri caṁdasiri bālikaṁ <unclear>ca</unclear> <lb n="5"/>sidhathanikaṁ Evaṁ nātimitasaṁ<supplied reason="lost">baṁdh</supplied>ivagena saha gā<supplied reason="lost">me</supplied> velagiriyaṁ bhagavato budhasa puvadāre A<unclear>ya</unclear><lb n="6" break="no"/>kakhaṁbhe <num value="5">5</num>saveniyute Apaṇa deya<supplied reason="lost">dhaṁmaṁ</supplied> <supplied reason="lost">sa</supplied><unclear>va</unclear>satānaṁ h<supplied reason="lost">ita</supplied>sukhāya patiṭhapita ti <g type="ddanda">.</g><g type="dash">.</g></ab></div><div type="apparatus"><listApp><app loc="1"><lem>6</lem><rdg source="bib:Burgess1887_01">8</rdg><note>The reading <foreign>6</foreign> and not

<foreign>8</foreign> is confirmed by

comparing sequences <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">chaṭhaṁ 6</foreign> and <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">Aṭhamaṁ 8</foreign> in

inscriptions EIAD <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00046.xml">46</ref>

and <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00083.xml">83</ref>.</note></app><app loc="2"><lem><supplied reason="lost">kaṁ</supplied><unclear>m</unclear>ākaraṭhe</lem><rdg source="bib:Burgess1887_01"><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/> ka <gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/> ṭhe</rdg></app><app loc="2"><lem>toḍatūre</lem><rdg source="bib:Burgess1887_01">ṇaḍatūre</rdg></app><app loc="2"><lem>Avesanisa</lem><rdg source="bib:Burgess1887_01">Avesaṇisa</rdg></app><app loc="2"><lem>Avesani</lem><rdg source="bib:Burgess1887_01">Avesaṇi</rdg></app><app loc="3"><lem>kātūna<unclear>ṁ</unclear></lem><rdg source="bib:Burgess1887_01">katūnaṁ</rdg></app><app loc="3–4"><lem>bā<unclear>li</unclear>kāṁ</lem><rdg source="bib:Burgess1887_01">bāl<unclear>i</unclear>kaṁ</rdg></app><app loc="4"><lem>Ekanikaṁ bālakāṁ</lem><rdg source="bib:Burgess1887_01">ca kanikaṁ bālakā</rdg><note>The parallel passages in EIAD 31-33 and 90 all unambiguously read <foreign xml:lang="pra-Brah">Ekaṁṇikaṁ</foreign>. The syntax, however, demands the particle <foreign xml:lang="pra-Brah">ca</foreign> after gharaniṁ. Since <foreign>ca</foreign> and <foreign>E</foreign> are graphically close, one may explain this situation as the result of a pseudo-haplography in the master-copy of these inscriptions, as we assume in our translation. A similar haplography must have led to the dropping of another <foreign xml:lang="pra-Brah">ca</foreign> after <foreign xml:lang="pra-Brah">nāgasiri</foreign>.</note></app><app loc="5"><lem>saha</lem><rdg source="bib:Burgess1887_01">sahā</rdg></app><app loc="6"><lem>Apaṇa</lem><rdg source="bib:Burgess1887_01">Apano</rdg><note>Emend <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">Apaṇo</foreign>, as in EIAD <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00032.xml">32</ref> and <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00033.xml">33</ref>. The stone carver

seems to have simply forgotten to apply the two

median strokes for vowel <foreign>o</foreign>.</note></app><app loc="6"><lem>saveniyute</lem><rdg source="bib:Burgess1887_01">save niyute</rdg><note>Emend <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">savaniyute</foreign>. See EIAD <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00032.xml">32</ref>.</note></app><app loc="6"><lem>h<supplied reason="lost">ita</supplied>sukhāya</lem><rdg source="bib:Burgess1887_01">hi sukhāya</rdg></app><app loc="6"><lem>patiṭhapita</lem><rdg source="bib:Burgess1887_01">paṭith<supplied reason="lost">a</supplied>pita</rdg><note><bibl><ptr target="bib:Franke1896_01"/>:

<citedRange>601</citedRange></bibl> already corrected Burgess’ reading.</note></app></listApp></div><div type="translation"><p n="1">Success! In the 20th year of King Māṭharīputta

Siri-Vīrapurisadatta of the Ikṣvākus, in the 6th fortnight of

the rainy season, on the 10th day.</p><p n="2–6">The artisan (<foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">avesani</foreign>) Sidhatha

(Siddhārtha), resident in the village Big Kāṇḍurūra, son of

the artisan Nākacanda (Nāgacandra), resident in Toḍatūra in

the province (<foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">raṭha</foreign>)

Kammākara, together with the group of kinsmen, friends and

relatives — giving pride of place to his mother Nāgilani,

(his) distinguished wife (<foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">gharaṇī</foreign>)

Samudanī, and (his) son Mūlasiri, and (his) daughter

Nākabudhannikā, and (his) brother Budhinnaka, (and) the latter’s

wife Ekanikā, and sons Nāgasiri (and) Candasiri, and daughter

Sidhathanikā — established in the village Velagiri, at the

eastern gate (of the Great Shrine) of the Bhagavant, the

Buddha, 5 <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">āyaka</foreign>

pillars, equipped with everything, as his pious gift, for

the well-being and happiness of all beings.</p></div><div type="commentary"><p n="2"><term>Avesanisa</term><note>Beside the two other instances from Jaggayyapeta,

the word <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">āvesani</foreign> also occurs in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Tsukamoto1996_01"/>: <citedRange>no. Sāñcī 384</citedRange></bibl> and two inscriptions from Amarāvatī (EIAD <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00342.xml">342</ref>, <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00515.xml">515</ref>). <bibl><ptr target="bib:Majumdar1922_01"/>: <citedRange>34 n. 2</citedRange></bibl> alludes to these inscriptions. The word was rendered <q><quote>the foreman of artisans</quote></q> by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Buhler1894_01"/><citedRange unit="page">88</citedRange></bibl>, an interpretation accepted by Lüders but with the simpler translation <quote>artisan</quote> also adopted in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1966_01"/>:

<citedRange>41</citedRange></bibl>. <bibl><ptr target="bib:Cone2001-2020_01"/><citedRange>(s.v.)</citedRange></bibl> translates the related <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">āvesana</foreign> as “workshop”. Interesting mentions of <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">āveśani</foreign>

also occur in the Arthaśāstra, at 2.14.1

<foreign>sauvarṇikaḥ paurajānapadānāṁ rūpyasuvarṇam

āveśanibhiḥ kārayet |</foreign> and at 2.14.7 <foreign>āveśanibhiḥ

suvarṇapudgalalakṣaṇaprayogeṣu tat taj jānīyāt

|</foreign>.</note></p></div>

<p>First described and edited by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Buhler1882_01"/>: <citedRange>258–9 (I)</citedRange></bibl>, followed by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Burgess1882_01"/>:

<citedRange>55–6</citedRange></bibl> (reading and translation by Bhagvanlal Indraji) and then <bibl><ptr target="bib:Burgess1887_01"/>: <citedRange>110–1 (1)</citedRange></bibl> (new reading, with Bühler’s translation). Re-edited here from the estampage published by Burgess.</p>

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