Āyaka pillar from Jaggayyapeta — reign of Siri-Vīrapurisadatta, year 20
Editors: Anonymous editor.
Identifier: DHARMA_INSEIAD00031.
Hand description:
Language: Prakrit.
Repository: Early Andhra (tfb-eiad-epigraphy).
Version: (9fa90aa), last modified (35386f0).
Edition
⟨1⟩ [si](dhaṁ) (<symbol>)(ra)ño māḍhariputasa °ikhā[kunāṁ] [si]r[i]virapurisadatasa sa(ṁ)vachara 20vāsāpakhaṁ 6divasaṁ 10 ⟨2⟩ [kaṁ](m)ākararaṭhe toḍatūre vathavasa °avesanisa nākacaṁdasa put(o) g(ā)me mahākāṁḍurūre vathavo ⟨3⟩ °avesani sidhatho °apaṇo mātaraṁ nāgilaniṁ purato kātūna(ṁ) gharaniṁ ca samudaniṁ bālaka⟨ṁ⟩ ca mūlasiri⟨ṁ⟩ bā⟨4⟩(li)kāṁ ca [nā]kabudhanikaṁ bhātukaṁ ca budhinakaṁ tasa gharaniṁ °ekanikaṁ bālakāṁ ca nāgasiri caṁdasiri bālikaṁ (ca) ⟨5⟩ sidhathanikaṁ °evaṁ nātimitasaṁ[baṁdh]ivagena saha gā[me] velagiriyaṁ bhagavato budhasa puvadāre °a(ya)⟨6⟩kakhaṁbhe 5saveniyute °apaṇa deya[dhaṁmaṁ] [sa](va)satānaṁ h[ita]sukhāya patiṭhapita ti <symbol><symbol>
Apparatus
⟨1⟩ 6 ⬦ 8 Burgess1887 • The reading 6 and not 8 is confirmed by comparing sequences chaṭhaṁ 6 and °aṭhamaṁ 8 in inscriptions EIAD 46 and 83.
⟨2⟩ [kaṁ](m)ākaraṭhe ⬦ [1+][1×] ka [1×] ṭhe Burgess1887. — ⟨2⟩ toḍatūre ⬦ ṇaḍatūre Burgess1887. — ⟨2⟩ °avesanisa ⬦ °avesaṇisa Burgess1887. — ⟨2⟩ °avesani ⬦ °avesaṇi Burgess1887.
⟨3⟩ kātūna(ṁ) ⬦ katūnaṁ Burgess1887.
⟨3–4⟩ bā(li)kāṁ ⬦ bāl(i)kaṁ Burgess1887.
⟨4⟩ °ekanikaṁ bālakāṁ ⬦ ca kanikaṁ bālakā Burgess1887 • The parallel passages in EIAD 31-33 and 90 all unambiguously read °ekaṁṇikaṁ. The syntax, however, demands the particle ca after gharaniṁ. Since ca and °e are graphically close, one may explain this situation as the result of a pseudo-haplography in the master-copy of these inscriptions, as we assume in our translation. A similar haplography must have led to the dropping of another ca after nāgasiri.
⟨5⟩ saha ⬦ sahā Burgess1887.
⟨6⟩ °apaṇa ⬦ °apano Burgess1887 • Emend °apaṇo, as in EIAD 32 and 33. The stone carver seems to have simply forgotten to apply the two median strokes for vowel o. — ⟨6⟩ saveniyute ⬦ save niyute Burgess1887 • Emend savaniyute. See EIAD 32. — ⟨6⟩ h[ita]sukhāya ⬦ hi sukhāya Burgess1887. — ⟨6⟩ patiṭhapita ⬦ paṭith[a]pita Burgess1887 • Franke1896 already corrected Burgess’ reading.
Translation
(1) Success! In the 20th year of King Māṭharīputta Siri-Vīrapurisadatta of the Ikṣvākus, in the 6th fortnight of the rainy season, on the 10th day.
(2–6) The artisan (avesani) Sidhatha (Siddhārtha), resident in the village Big Kāṇḍurūra, son of the artisan Nākacanda (Nāgacandra), resident in Toḍatūra in the province (raṭha) Kammākara, together with the group of kinsmen, friends and relatives — giving pride of place to his mother Nāgilani, (his) distinguished wife (gharaṇī) Samudanī, and (his) son Mūlasiri, and (his) daughter Nākabudhannikā, and (his) brother Budhinnaka, (and) the latter’s wife Ekanikā, and sons Nāgasiri (and) Candasiri, and daughter Sidhathanikā — established in the village Velagiri, at the eastern gate (of the Great Shrine) of the Bhagavant, the Buddha, 5 āyaka pillars, equipped with everything, as his pious gift, for the well-being and happiness of all beings.
Bibliography
First described and edited by Bühler1882, followed by Burgess1882 (reading and translation by Bhagvanlal Indraji) and then Burgess1887 (new reading, with Bühler’s translation). Re-edited here from the estampage published by Burgess.
Secondary
Franke1896
Lüders1912
Srinivasan1979a
Tsukamoto1996
Raghunath2001
Notes
- 1. Beside the two other instances from Jaggayyapeta, the word āvesani also occurs in Tsukamoto1996 and two inscriptions from Amarāvatī (EIAD 342, 515). Majumdar1922 alludes to these inscriptions. The word was rendered “the foreman of artisans” by Bühler1892c, an interpretation accepted by Lüders but with the simpler translation “artisan” also adopted in Sircar1966. Cone translates the related āvesana as “workshop”. Interesting mentions of āveśani also occur in the Arthaśāstra, at 2.14.1 sauvarṇikaḥ paurajānapadānāṁ rūpyasuvarṇam āveśanibhiḥ kārayet | and at 2.14.7 āveśanibhiḥ suvarṇapudgalalakṣaṇaprayogeṣu tat taj jānīyāt |.
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- - - - - - - - -
[1] Inventory no. EIAD: 31
[2] Raghunath no.: 17
[3] Srinivasan & Sankaranarayanan no.: 24
[4] Tsukamoto no.: Jaga 2
[5] Lüders no.: 1204
[6] Support : Āyaka pillar
[7] (Faces:) Lines: 6
[8] H:
[9] W:
[10] D:
[11] H:
[12] W:
[13] Language(s): MIA
[14] Original locality: Jaggayyapeta
[15] Present locality: unknown
[16] Primary bibliography: Bühler 1882: 258-9 (I). — Burgess 1882: 55-6; 1887: 110-1 (1).
[17] Secondary bibliography: Franke 1896: 601. — Raghunath 2001: 118 (17).
[18] Visual documentation: Burgess 1887, plate LXII (1).
[19] Substance of inscription: erection of 5 Āyaka pillars for welfare and happiness
[20] Remarks:
-->
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<text xml:space="preserve"><body><div type="edition" xml:lang="pra-Latn"><ab><lb n="1"/><supplied reason="lost">si</supplied><unclear>dhaṁ</unclear> <unclear><g>–</g></unclear><unclear>ra</unclear>ño māḍhariputasa °ikhā<supplied reason="lost">kunāṁ</supplied> <supplied reason="lost">si</supplied>r<supplied reason="lost">i</supplied>virapurisadatasa sa<unclear>ṁ</unclear>vachara <num value="20">20</num>vāsāpakhaṁ <num value="6">6</num>divasaṁ <num value="10">10</num><lb n="2"/><supplied reason="lost">kaṁ</supplied><unclear>m</unclear>ākararaṭhe toḍatūre vathavasa °avesanisa nākacaṁdasa put<unclear>o</unclear> g<unclear>ā</unclear>me mahākāṁḍurūre vathavo <lb n="3"/>°avesani sidhatho °apaṇo mātaraṁ nāgilaniṁ purato kātūna<unclear>ṁ</unclear> gharaniṁ ca samudaniṁ bālaka<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> ca mūlasiri<supplied reason="omitted">ṁ</supplied> bā<lb n="4" break="no"/><unclear>li</unclear>kāṁ ca <supplied reason="lost">nā</supplied>kabudhanikaṁ bhātukaṁ ca budhinakaṁ tasa gharaniṁ °ekanikaṁ <!-- AG to colleagues: probably to be corrected to <w xml:id="tok1929">ca</w> <w xml:id="tok1929bis">kanikaṁ</w>-->bālakāṁ ca nāgasiri caṁdasiri bālikaṁ <unclear>ca</unclear> <lb n="5"/>sidhathanikaṁ °evaṁ nātimitasaṁ<supplied reason="lost">baṁdh</supplied>ivagena saha gā<supplied reason="lost">me</supplied> velagiriyaṁ bhagavato budhasa puvadāre °a<unclear>ya</unclear><lb n="6" break="no"/>kakhaṁbhe <num value="5">5</num>saveniyute °apaṇa deya<supplied reason="lost">dhaṁmaṁ</supplied> <supplied reason="lost">sa</supplied><unclear>va</unclear>satānaṁ h<supplied reason="lost">ita</supplied>sukhāya patiṭhapita ti <g>||</g><g>–</g></ab></div><div type="apparatus"><listApp><app loc="1"><lem>6</lem><rdg source="bib:Burgess1887">8</rdg><note>The reading <foreign>6</foreign> and not
<foreign>8</foreign> is confirmed by
comparing sequences <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">chaṭhaṁ 6</foreign> and <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">°aṭhamaṁ 8</foreign> in
inscriptions EIAD <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00046.xml">46</ref>
and <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00083.xml">83</ref>.</note></app><app loc="2"><lem><supplied reason="lost">kaṁ</supplied><unclear>m</unclear>ākaraṭhe</lem><rdg source="bib:Burgess1887"><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/> ka <gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/> ṭhe</rdg></app><app loc="2"><lem>toḍatūre</lem><rdg source="bib:Burgess1887">ṇaḍatūre</rdg></app><app loc="2"><lem>°avesanisa</lem><rdg source="bib:Burgess1887">°avesaṇisa</rdg></app><app loc="2"><lem>°avesani</lem><rdg source="bib:Burgess1887">°avesaṇi</rdg></app><app loc="3"><lem>kātūna<unclear>ṁ</unclear></lem><rdg source="bib:Burgess1887">katūnaṁ</rdg></app><app loc="3–4"><lem>bā<unclear>li</unclear>kāṁ</lem><rdg source="bib:Burgess1887">bāl<unclear>i</unclear>kaṁ</rdg></app><app loc="4"><lem>°ekanikaṁ bālakāṁ</lem><rdg source="bib:Burgess1887">ca kanikaṁ bālakā</rdg><note>The parallel passages in EIAD 31-33 and 90 all unambiguously read <foreign xml:lang="pra-Brah">°ekaṁṇikaṁ</foreign>. The syntax, however, demands the particle <foreign xml:lang="pra-Brah">ca</foreign> after gharaniṁ. Since <foreign>ca</foreign> and <foreign>°e</foreign> are graphically close, one may explain this situation as the result of a pseudo-haplography in the master-copy of these inscriptions, as we assume in our translation. A similar haplography must have led to the dropping of another <foreign xml:lang="pra-Brah">ca</foreign> after <foreign xml:lang="pra-Brah">nāgasiri</foreign>.<!--one might explain this situation as either the result of a pseudo-haplography or of a confusion in the master-copy of these inscriptions. In our translation, we tentatively follow the first scenario, since a similar haplography led to the dropping of another <foreign xml:lang="pra-Brah">ca</foreign> after <foreign xml:lang="pra-Brah">nāgasiri</foreign>.--></note></app><app loc="5"><lem>saha</lem><rdg source="bib:Burgess1887">sahā</rdg></app><app loc="6"><lem>°apaṇa</lem><rdg source="bib:Burgess1887">°apano</rdg><note>Emend <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">°apaṇo</foreign>, as in EIAD <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00032.xml">32</ref> and <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00033.xml">33</ref>. The stone carver
seems to have simply forgotten to apply the two
median strokes for vowel <foreign>o</foreign>.</note></app><app loc="6"><lem>saveniyute</lem><rdg source="bib:Burgess1887">save niyute</rdg><note>Emend <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">savaniyute</foreign>. See EIAD <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00032.xml">32</ref>.</note></app><app loc="6"><lem>h<supplied reason="lost">ita</supplied>sukhāya</lem><rdg source="bib:Burgess1887">hi sukhāya</rdg></app><app loc="6"><lem>patiṭhapita</lem><rdg source="bib:Burgess1887">paṭith<supplied reason="lost">a</supplied>pita</rdg><note><bibl><ptr target="bib:Franke1896"/>:
<citedRange>601</citedRange></bibl> already corrected Burgess’ reading.</note></app></listApp></div><div type="translation"><p n="1">Success! In the 20th year of King Māṭharīputta
Siri-Vīrapurisadatta of the Ikṣvākus, in the 6th fortnight of
the rainy season, on the 10th day.</p><p n="2–6">The artisan (<foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">avesani</foreign>) Sidhatha
(Siddhārtha), resident in the village Big Kāṇḍurūra, son of
the artisan Nākacanda (Nāgacandra), resident in Toḍatūra in
the province (<foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">raṭha</foreign>)
Kammākara, together with the group of kinsmen, friends and
relatives — giving pride of place to his mother Nāgilani,
(his) distinguished wife (<foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">gharaṇī</foreign>)
Samudanī, and (his) son Mūlasiri, and (his) daughter
Nākabudhannikā, and (his) brother Budhinnaka, (and) the latter’s
wife Ekanikā, and sons Nāgasiri (and) Candasiri, and daughter
Sidhathanikā — established in the village Velagiri, at the
eastern gate (of the Great Shrine) of the Bhagavant, the
Buddha, 5 <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">āyaka</foreign>
pillars, equipped with everything, as his pious gift, for
the well-being and happiness of all beings.</p></div><div type="commentary"><p n="2"><term>°avesanisa</term><!-- CC: I am not sure with the bibliographical references in that commentary --><note>Beside the two other instances from Jaggayyapeta,
the word <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">āvesani</foreign> also occurs in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Tsukamoto1996"/>: <citedRange>no. Sāñcī 384</citedRange></bibl> and two inscriptions from Amarāvatī (EIAD <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00342.xml">342</ref>, <ref target="DHARMA_INSEIAD00515.xml">515</ref>). <bibl><ptr target="bib:Majumdar1922"/>: <citedRange>34 n. 2</citedRange></bibl> alludes to these inscriptions. The word was rendered <cit><quote>the foreman of artisans</quote></cit> by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Bühler1892c"/>: <citedRange>88</citedRange></bibl>, an interpretation accepted by Lüders but with the simpler translation <quote>artisan</quote> also adopted in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Sircar1966"/>:
<citedRange>41</citedRange></bibl>. <bibl><ptr target="bib:Cone"/><citedRange>(s.v.)</citedRange></bibl> translates the related <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">āvesana</foreign> as “workshop”. Interesting mentions of <foreign xml:lang="pra-Latn">āveśani</foreign>
also occur in the Arthaśāstra, at 2.14.1
<foreign>sauvarṇikaḥ paurajānapadānāṁ rūpyasuvarṇam
āveśanibhiḥ kārayet |</foreign> and at 2.14.7 <foreign>āveśanibhiḥ
suvarṇapudgalalakṣaṇaprayogeṣu tat taj jānīyāt
|</foreign>.</note></p></div><div type="bibliography"><p>First described and edited by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Bühler1882"/>: <citedRange>258–9
(I)</citedRange></bibl>, followed by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Burgess1882"/>:
<citedRange>55–6</citedRange></bibl> (reading and translation by Bhagvanlal Indraji) and
then <bibl><ptr target="bib:Burgess1887"/>: <citedRange>110–1
(1)</citedRange></bibl> (new reading, with Bühler’s translation). Re-edited
here from the estampage published by Burgess.</p><listBibl type="primary"><bibl/></listBibl><listBibl type="secondary"><bibl><ptr target="bib:Franke1896"/>:
<citedRange>601</citedRange></bibl><bibl><ptr target="bib:Lüders1912"/>: <citedRange>no.
1204</citedRange></bibl><bibl><ptr target="bib:Srinivasan1979a"/>:
<citedRange>no. 24</citedRange></bibl><bibl><ptr target="bib:Tsukamoto1996"/>: <citedRange>no. Jaga
2</citedRange></bibl><bibl><ptr target="bib:Raghunath2001"/>: <citedRange>118
(no. 17)</citedRange></bibl></listBibl></div></body></text>
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Commentary
(2) °avesanisa1