Yang Kur stela (C. 20), 1200 Śaka

Editor: Arlo Griffiths.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSCIC00020.

Hand description:

The lettering is characteristic of the late thirteenth century CE. A second hand is perhaps discernible starting on line B4.

Languages: Old Cham, Sanskrit.

Repository: Campa (tfc-campa-epigraphy).

Version: 2025-01-21 10:17 (0d8960e), last modified 2024-04-24 01:54 (4afb8c6).

⟨Face A: Front⟩ ⟨A1⟩ || svasti ✤ Om̐ namaś śivāya |

śakarāja 1200 ⟨A2⟩ ||di rāja pu-¡po=u! tana rayā Indravarmma pu-pom̃ ku ma⟨A3⟩dā divya-devī pu-¡po=u! tana rayā nan· sā sidaḥ yām̃ pu rāja⌈⟨A4⟩pautra pu-nai sūryyalakṣmī Urām̃ ca(th)im̃ pāṇḍurāṅgeśa Udbhava di para⟨A5⟩ma (j)ā Amvryak· vijaiya dunan· saundaryya-rūpa dunan· thum̃ samasta-śāstrāga⟨A6⟩ma dunan· dvaḥ karuṇā pu-pom̃ ta⟨na⟩ rayā Indravarmma pu-pom̃ ku nan· dunan· kā sthāpa⟨A7⟩nā ⟨rū⟩pa yām̃ di bhūmi vijaya ka mātā pitā Ātmaja dunan· (v)u(ḥ) samasta-bhogo⟨A8⟩pabhoga dunan· marai vuḥ cai di pura kraum̃ vauk· ka pom̃ Ajñā ya śi Ai tuhā ⟨A9⟩ dunan· ya klan· nagara krauṅ· vauk· |

jam̃ḥ nan· dunan· marai sthāpanā kīrtti· nim̃ ka pom̃ ⟨A10⟩ māhendravarmma ya śi Ai dunan· sa trā ya sakala senāpatī pāṇḍurā⟨A11⟩ṅgeśa nī mulam̃ di janam̃ḥ dunan· rajan· samasta-dharmma ka santāna dunan· vri(m̃) dāna tūm̃ yathā⟨A12⟩śakti ||

nim̃ trā hetu pu-nai harijeṣṭha rājaputrī dunan· si kā svargga nau ⟨A13⟩ dunan· kā saqvan· samū dunan· macaik· jīva nau bharuv· dunan· clam̃ṅ· ⟨A14⟩ sīdaḥ śarīra ṅan· bhoga dī loka nī matake Anitya mam̃n· dunan· truḥ ⟨A15⟩ samastabhoga dunan· dvaḥ karuṇā pu pom̃ tana rayā Indravarmma ⟨A16⟩ pu-pom̃ ku dunan· nau rajan· tanapaḥ ka Anāk· dunan· tam̃l· ⟨Face B: Back⟩ ⟨B1⟩ (tana)hapa parvvata dunan· paslyam̃ pañce⟨B2⟩ndriya sidaḥ k(ā)ma-krodha-lobha-moha-mada- ⟨B3⟩ mātsaryya t(ū)y· dunan· strīratnaviśeṣa di loka nī ⟨B4⟩ śakarāja 1200, [1×] pu lyam̃ surendra Āya dunan· (ta)paḥ [3×] ⟨B5⟩ [3×] dunan· ma[17×] ⟨B6⟩ [8×] nī varunī Ātmaja 20 thun· jana || ⟨B7⟩ halaḥ jata paṣara 1200

Apparatus

⟨A2⟩ pu-¡pou! • Here and in A3, we find two cases where we expect pom̃ but find po to which a vowel marker u is added. This notation is not known to me from any other Old Cham text.

⟨A3⟩ rāja⌈⟨A4⟩pautra • Currently, only part of the rā remains at the end of the line, the whole of ja and the e marker having been lost subsequently to the creation of EFEO est. n. 141.

⟨A4⟩ ca(th)im̃ • A&C-SA facing p. 120 read catim̃, but in C. 6 we read cathiy. The consonant here resembles neither t nor (th) elsewhere in this inscription. — ⟨A4⟩ pāṇḍurāṅgeśa ⬦ pāṇḍuraṅgeśa B.

⟨A6⟩ sthāpa⟨A7⟩nā ⟨rū⟩pa • Cf. C. 30B2, line 2 sthāpanā rūpa.

Translation by Arlo Griffiths

(A1) Hail! Om homage to Śiva!

(A1–A9) [The year of the] Śaka king 1200. In the reign of the lord of the great earth, Indravarman, my lord, that lord of the great earth had one beautiful queen (divya-devī), namely the lady royal grand-child (rāja-pautra), princess Sūryalakṣmī, native of Cathiy Pāṇḍurāṅgeśa,¹ born (udbhava) from the excellent (parama) jā Amvryak Vijaiya.² See was beautiful in appearance (saundarya-rūpa). She knew all treatises and scriptures (samasta-śāstrāgama). She sought (? dvah) the compassion of the lord of the great earth, Indravarman, my lord. After she installed sculptures of gods in the land of Vijaya for her parents and children, she gave all means of subsistence (samasta-bhogopabhoga). She came to give cai in the city of Krauṅ Vauk for pov Ajñā, her elder sibling, who guarded (klan) the city of Krauṅ Vauk.

(A9)

Commentary

Bergaigne distinguished four hands: “Quatre écritures différentes, quoique du même temps.”

Bibliography

What was published of the contents of this inscription has so far remained limited to the Sanskrit words contained in the text that were transcribed by Abel Bergaigne (1888). It is integrally edited here for the first time by Arlo Griffiths, using EFEO estampages (127, n. 141) and orthophotos from a photogrammetric model.

Primary

[B] Bergaigne, Abel. 1888. “L’ancien royaume de Campā, dans l’Indo-Chine, d’après les inscriptions.” JA 8 (11), pp. 5–105. [URL]. Pages 97–98, figure 389.

Secondary

Aymonier, Étienne. 1891. “Première étude sur les inscriptions tchames.” JA, pp. 5–86. [URL]. Pages 59–60, item 389.

Finot, Louis. 1903. “Notes d’épigraphie, V : Pāṇḍuraṅga.” BEFEO 3, pp. 630–648. DOI: 10.3406/befeo.1903.1260. [URL]. Page 635.

Parmentier, Henri. 1909. Inventaire descriptif des monuments čams de l’Annam. Tome premier: Description des monuments. Paris: Imprimerie nationale. [URL]. Pages 73–75.

Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra. 1927. Ancient Indian colonies in the Far East, Vol. I: Champa. Punjab Oriental (Sanskrit) Series 16. Lahore: The Punjab Sanskrit Book Depot. [URL]. Book III, page 218, item 107.

Golzio, Karl-Heinz. 2004. Inscriptions of Campā: Based on the editions and translations of Abel Bergaigne, Étienne Aymonier, Louis Finot, Édouard Huber and other French scholars and of the work of R. C. Majumdar; newly presented, with minor corrections of texts and translations, together with calculations of given dates. Aachen: Shaker Verlag. Page 193.

Notes

1. The same toponym also figures in C. 6.1, in only slightly different form.
2. We more commonly find the Sanskrit expression paramodbhava, to express the excellent pedigree of a person thus designated, and udbhava di parama seems to be an analytic equivalent of the same expression. Since jā is a marker of low status, some doubt remains about what is meant here.

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<ab xml:lang="san-Latn"><milestone type="pagelike" unit="face" n="A"/><label>Front</label><lb n="A1"/><g type="ddanda"/> svasti <g type="floretQuatrefoil"/> Om̐ namaś śivāya <g type="danda">.</g></ab> <p>śakarāja <num value="1200">1200</num>

<lb n="A2"/><g type="ddanda"/>di rāja pu-<orig>po=u</orig> tana rayā Indravarmma pu-pom̃ ku ma<lb n="A3" break="no"/>dā divya-devī pu-<orig>po=u</orig>

tana rayā nan· sā sidaḥ yām̃ pu rāja⌈<lb break="no" n="A4"/>pautra pu-nai sūryyalakṣmī Urām̃ ca<unclear reason="eccentric_ductus">th</unclear>im̃ pāṇḍurāṅgeśa Udbhava di para<lb break="no" n="A5"/>ma <unclear>j</unclear>ā Amvryak· vijaiya

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lecture AC, p.76 et 313 PDF : amvryak vijaya dunan saudaryya (beauté) rūpa dunan, (thu/thau) samastra (tous) sāstragana (traités) dunan.

maybe dāsa mvryak·? cf. name miryak.

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dunan· saundaryya-rūpa dunan· thum̃ samasta-śāstrāga<lb break="no" n="A6"/>ma dunan· dvaḥ karuṇā pu-pom̃ ta<supplied reason="omitted">na</supplied> rayā Indravarmma pu-pom̃ ku nan· dunan· kā sthāpa<lb n="A7" break="no"/>nā <supplied reason="omitted">rū</supplied>pa yām̃

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AC, p. 282 PDF : dunan kā sthāpanā (ru)pa kamā ka pi kā ātmaja dunan thau samasta bhogopabhoga dunan marai pu (?) cai di pura krauṅ vuk ka põ.

ka mātāpitā] kamā ka pi kā AC.

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di bhūmi vijaya ka mātā pitā Ātmaja dunan· <unclear>v</unclear>u<unclear>ḥ</unclear> samasta-bhogo<lb n="A8" break="no"/>pabhoga dunan· marai vuḥ cai di pura kraum̃ vauk· ka pom̃ Ajñā ya śi Ai tuhā

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vauk· : AC read vuk·, probably a simple copying error for vauk·.

ka põ ajñā ya çi ai tuhā (AC, p. 282 PDF; 538 PDF); ai (p. 37; 95 PDF).-->

<lb n="A9"/>dunan· ya klan· nagara krauṅ· vauk· <g type="danda"/></p> <p>jam̃ḥ nan· dunan· marai sthāpanā kīrtti· nim̃ ka pom̃

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p. 282 PDF : jaḥ nan dunan marai sthāpanā kirtti nei ka poṅ mahendravarmma ya si ai dunan

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<lb n="A10"/><!-- mahendravarmma ya si ai dunan (AC, p. 282 pdf)

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nī mulam̃ di janam̃ḥ dunan· rajan· samasta-dharmma ka santāna dunan· vri<unclear>m̃</unclear> dāna

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<lb n="A13"/>dunan· kā saqvan· samū dunan· macaik· jīva nau bharuv· dunan· clam̃ṅ·

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bharuv dunan· thlam̃ṅ sīdaḥ śarīra ṅan· bhoga dī loka nī : lecture AC p. 269 du pdf. -->

<lb n="A14"/>sīdaḥ śarīra ṅan· bhoga dī loka nī matake Anitya mam̃n· dunan· truḥ

<lb n="A15"/>samastabhoga dunan· dvaḥ karuṇā pu pom̃ tana rayā Indravarmma

<lb n="A16"/>pu-pom̃ ku dunan· nau rajan· tanapaḥ ka Anāk· dunan· tam̃l·

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<lb n="B5"/><gap reason="illegible" unit="character" quantity="3"/> dunan· ma<gap reason="illegible" unit="character" quantity="17"/>

<lb n="B6"/><gap reason="illegible" unit="character" quantity="8"/> nī varunī Ātmaja <num value="20">20</num> thun· jana ||

<lb n="B7"/><seg rend="check">halaḥ jata paṣara</seg> <num value="1200">1200</num>

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<note>Here and in A3, we find two cases where we expect <foreign>pom̃</foreign> but find <foreign>po</foreign> to which a vowel marker <foreign>u</foreign> is added. This notation is not known to me from any other Old Cham text.</note>

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<lem>rāja⌈<lb break="no" n="A4"/>pautra</lem>

<note>Currently, only part of the <foreign>rā</foreign> remains at the end of the line, the whole of <foreign>ja</foreign> and the <foreign>e</foreign> marker having been lost subsequently to the creation of EFEO est. n. 141.</note>

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<note>A&C-SA facing p. 120 read <foreign>catim̃</foreign>, but in <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00006.xml">C. 6</ref> we read <foreign>cathiy</foreign>. The consonant here resembles neither <foreign>t</foreign> nor <unclear>th</unclear> elsewhere in this inscription.</note>

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<lem>pāṇḍurāṅgeśa</lem>

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<note>Cf. <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00030B2.xml">C. 30B2</ref>, line 2 <foreign>sthāpanā rūpa</foreign>.</note>

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<p n="A1">Hail! <foreign>Om</foreign> homage to Śiva!</p>

<p n="A1-A9"><supplied reason="subaudible">The year of the</supplied> Śaka king 1200.

In the reign of the lord of the great earth, Indravarman, my lord, that lord of the great earth had one beautiful queen <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>divya-devī</foreign></supplied>, namely the lady royal grand-child <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>rāja-pautra</foreign></supplied>, princess Sūryalakṣmī, native of Cathiy Pāṇḍurāṅgeśa,<note>The same toponym also figures in <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00006.xml">C. 6.1</ref>, in only slightly different form.</note> born <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>udbhava</foreign></supplied> from the excellent <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>parama</foreign></supplied> <foreign>jā</foreign> Amvryak Vijaiya.<note>We more commonly find the Sanskrit expression <foreign>paramodbhava</foreign>, to express the excellent pedigree of a person thus designated, and <foreign>udbhava di parama</foreign> seems to be an analytic equivalent of the same expression. Since <foreign>jā</foreign> is a marker of low status, some doubt remains about what is meant here.</note> See was beautiful in appearance <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>saundarya-rūpa</foreign></supplied>. She knew all treatises and scriptures <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>samasta-śāstrāgama</foreign></supplied>. She sought <supplied reason="explanation">? <foreign>dvah</foreign></supplied> the compassion of the lord of the great earth, Indravarman, my lord. After she installed sculptures of gods in the land of Vijaya for her parents and children, she gave all means of subsistence <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>samasta-bhogopabhoga</foreign></supplied>. She came to give <foreign>cai</foreign> in the city of Krauṅ Vauk for <foreign>pov</foreign> Ajñā, her elder sibling, who guarded <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>klan</foreign></supplied> the city of Krauṅ Vauk.</p>

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<p>Bergaigne distinguished four hands: <q>Quatre écritures différentes, quoique du même temps.</q></p>

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