Dhāraṇī Stone from Udayagiri, Monastery II

Author of digital edition: Arlo Griffiths (argr).

Summary: The inscription opens with the Pratītyasamutpādagāthā (i.e., the ye dharmāḥ verse), followed by the Bodhisthānālaṁkāradhāraṇī (lines 2–10), the Karaṇḍamudrādhāraṇī (lines 10–18), and a short form of the Vimaloṣṇīṣadhāraṇī (lines 18–21). The Karaṇḍamudrādhāraṇī seems to form the core, and is here very exceptionally personalized to mention King Śubhārakadeva and his queen.

Palaeographic description: According to Tripathy, “Eastern variety of Devanagari characters of circa tenth-eleventh century.” The script makes no distinction between b and v, only the latter being used; the distinction between characters dh/v is r/n often ambiguous — or rather, it seems that the engraver was copying from an exemplar that he found ambiguous, and has made wrong choices more than once. Expected anusvāras and ā-mātrās are often not found or at least undiscernible in the available photographs.

Language: Sanskrit (san) [Siddhamātr̥kā (siddhamātr̥kā)].

Repository: Bhaumakara (tfb-bhaumakara-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSBhaumakara00031.

File path: xml-provisional/DHARMA_INSBhaumakara00031.xml.

Version: (1e13bdd), last modified (4c30c2a).

Edition

⟨1⟩ [꩜] ye dharmmā hetuprabhavā hetuṁ teṣāṁ tathāgato hy avadat teṣāṁ ca yo ni⟦ro⟧rodha Evaṁvādī mahā-

⟨2⟩ (ś)ramaṇaḥ|| Bodhisthānālaṁkāradhāraṇīnamo bhagavat¿o? (vipu)la-vadana-kāñcano⟨t⟩kṣipta-prabhāsa-ketu-mūrdhnas tathāgatā(ya)

⟨3⟩ namo bhagavat¿o? śākyamunaye tathāgatāyārhate (sam)yak-saṁvuddhāya| tad yathā Om̐ vodhi vodhi

⟨4⟩ vodhi vodhi pravare sarva-tathāgata-gocare dhara dhara bhara bhara hara hara prahara prahara mah(ā)-

⟨5⟩ vodhi-pratiṣṭhite mahā-vodhicitta-dhare culu culu śata-raśmi-saṁcodite sarva-tathāgatābhi-

⟨6⟩ ṣekābhiṣi[kte] guṇa guṇavate sarva-vuddha-guṇ¿a?vabhāse mili mili gagana-tala-pratiṣṭhi-

⟨7⟩ te| sarva-tathāgatādhiṣṭhita-nabhas(t)ale śama śama| praśama praśama| sarva-pāpa-pra-

⟨8⟩ śaman(e) sarva-pāpa-vi(ś)odhane hulu hulu mahā-vodhi-mārga-sa⟨ṁ⟩prasthite sarva-tathāgata-

⟨9⟩ -pratiṣṭhita-śuddhe vi[śuddhe] svāhā{ḥ}|| mūla-maṁt(r)aḥ|| Om̐ sarva-tathāgata-gocara-vyavaloki-

⟨10⟩ te jaya jaya svāhā|| hr̥dayaḥ|| Om̐ huru huru jaya-mukhe svāhā|| namaḥ t(r)aiyadh⟨v⟩ik(ā)nāṁ sa(rva-ta)-

⟨11⟩ thāgatānāṁ| Om̐ bhūta-bhuvana-vare| cacare| culu culu vara vara sarva-tathāgata-dhātu-dhare| padmasa(ṁ)bhave

⟨12⟩ jaya-vare mumu culu smara tathāgata-dharma-cakra-pravarttana-vajre| vodhi-maṁḍālaṁkārālaṁkr̥te|

⟨13⟩ sarva-tathāgatādhiṣṭhite vodhaya vodhaya| vodhi vodhi vudhya vudhya| saṁvodhaya saṁvodhaya cala (ca)-

⟨14⟩ la calantu _ mahārāja-śrī-śubhākaradevasya ca gya(ka?)devy¿a? sarva-pāpāvar¿āṇa?ni sarva-pāpa-

⟨15⟩ -(vi)gate| huru huru sarva-śoka-vigate| sarva-tathāgata-hr̥daya-vajri(ṇi)| saṁbhara sa⟨ṁ⟩bhara sarva-tathā-

⟨16⟩ gata-guhya-dhāraṇi-mudre| vuddhe suvuddhe| sarva-tathāgatādhiṣṭhite ¿dha|?tu-garbh¿a? svāhā|| sama-

⟨17⟩ yādhiṣṭhite svāhā| sarva-tathāgata-hr̥daya-dhātu-mudre svāhā| supratiṣṭhita-s(tū)pa-tathāgat¿a?-

⟨18⟩ dhiṣṭhite huru huru hūṁ hūṁ svā(hā)⟨|⟩ Vimaloṣṇīṣadhāraṇī Om̐ sarva-tathāgatoṣṇīṣa-dhātu-mudre| sarva-tathā(gata-dhātu)-

⟨19⟩ -vibhūṣitādhiṣṭhite svāhā| hūṁ hūṁ phaṭ· phaṭ· svāh(ā)|| Om̐ traiyadhve sarva-(tathāgata-hr̥)-

⟨20⟩ daya-garbhe jvala dharma-dhātu-garbhe| saṁ(bhara mamā?)yu(ḥ?) saṁśodhaya pāpaṁ sarva-tathāgata-sa(ma)[ntauṣṇī]-

⟨21⟩ ṣa-vimala-viśuddhe svāhā||

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ -prabhavā ⬦ prabhava[ḥ] T&Kh TK •

⟨2⟩ bhagavat¿o?⟨e⟩ ⬦ bhagavate T&Kh TK.

⟨3⟩ bhagavat¿o?⟨e⟩ ⬦ bhagavate T&Kh TK.

⟨4⟩ bhara bhara hara hara ⬦ hara hara hara hara T&Kh TK.

⟨8⟩ -tathāgata⟨9⟩-pratiṣṭhita- T&Kh ⬦ -tathāgatā⟨9⟩pratiṣṭhita- TK.

⟨10⟩ t(r)aiyadh⟨v⟩ik(ā)nāṁ TK ⬦ taiyadhikarāṁ T&Kh • Tripathy & Khamari add in a footnote (n. 3): “This may also be read as Traiyadhikāraṁ.”

⟨11⟩ bhūta-bhavana-vare TK ⬦ hr̥ta-bhuvana-dhare T&Kh. — ⟨11⟩ cacare ⬦ dhara-(dhara) T&Kh; vacare TK. — ⟨11⟩ vara vara ⬦ dhara T&Kh; dhara dhara TK. — ⟨11⟩ -dhātu- TK ⬦ -(ca)kra- T&Kh.

⟨12⟩ jaya-vare mumu ⬦ jaya-dhare mu(mu) T&Kh; jaya-vara-mudre TK.

⟨14⟩ calantu TK ⬦ cala Om̐ T&Kh. — ⟨14⟩ mahārāja-śrī-śubhākaradevasya ca TK ⬦ mahā-vodhi śrī-guhākare| vodhi sarva- T&Kh • Tripathy & Khamari add in a footnote (n. 4): “It also looks like guhyākāre.” — ⟨14⟩ gya(ka?)devy¿a?⟨āḥ⟩ ⬦ (gya)vadevyaṁ T&Kh; śyā(ma)-devyā TK. — ⟨14⟩ -pāpāvar¿āṇa?⟨aṇā⟩ni ⬦ -pāpadhāraṇāri T&Kh; -pāp¿a?varaṇāni TK.

⟨15⟩ saṁbhara sa⟨ṁ⟩bhara TK ⬦ saṁhara saṁhara T&Kh.

⟨16⟩ suvuddhe TK ⬦ saṁvuddhe T&Kh.

⟨17⟩ supratiṣṭhita-s(tū)pa- ⬦ supratiṣṭhita-sarva- T&Kh TK.

⟨18⟩ hūṁ hūṁ TK • These syllables are omitted by Tripathy & Khamari.

⟨19⟩ hūṁ hūṁ TK ⬦ hṛiṁ hṛiṁ T&Kh.

⟨20⟩ jvala TK ⬦ ddhaya T&Kh. — ⟨20⟩ saṁ(bhara mamā?)yu(ḥ?) saṁśodhaya TK ⬦ (saṁśodhaya) saṁśodhaya T&Kh • I tentatively retain Tanaka’s reading, but it hard to match with the available visual evidence.

Bibliography

What is evidently the same decipherment, probably due to S. Tripathy, was first published without diactrical marks in a provisional report on excavations at Udayagiri site 2 (IAR 2001-02) and then published with diacritical marks in the final excavation report (Tripathy & Khamari 2012); apparently before the latter version became known to him, K. Tanaka had already published a reading with several improvements based on his identification of the source text that underlies lines 10–19 of the inscription (Tanaka Kimiaki 田中公明 2014) as the Karaṇḍamudrādhāraṇī. The results of these previous scholars are reassessed in the present digital edition against a photograph that is good but still leaves several points of doubt.

Primary

[IAR] IAR 2001-02. Indian Archaeology 2001-02: A Review. Edited by Anshu Vaish. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India, 2008. [URL]. Pages 189–191, plate 121.

[T&Kh] Tripathy, Snigdha & S. Khamari. 2012. “Sealings and inscriptions.” In: Further excavations at Udayagiri-2, Odisha (2001-03). By Pramod Kumar Trivedi. Memoirs of the Archaeological Survey of India 104. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India, pp. 201–262. [URL]. Item 27, pages 253–254, plate CLXIII.

[TK] Tanaka Kimiaki 田中公明. 2014. “オリッサ州ウダヤギリⅡ出土の 石刻陀羅尼について [A newly identified Dhāraṇī-Sūtra from Udayagiri II].” The Memoirs of Institute for Advanced Studies on Asia 166, pp. 134[151]–124[161].

Secondary

Mishra, Umakanta. 2016. “Dhāraṇīs from the Buddhist Sites of Orissa.” Pratnatattva: Journal of the Dept. of Archaeology, Jahangirnagar University 22, pp. 73–84. Pages 77–78.