Mēlpāṭi, Cōḻēśvara temple, time of Parakesarivarman Rājendra Cōḻa, year 9

Authors of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis (emfr), Eugen Hultzsch.

Summary: ...

Languages: Sanskrit (san), Tamil (tam).

Version: 2025-09-14 12:32 (b7b08a8), last modified 2025-08-06 11:46 (9479a5f).

Edition

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī tiru maṉṉi vaḷara Iru-nila-maṭan=taiyum pōṟ-caya-p-pāvaiyum c¡i!r-t-tani-c-celviyu-
⟨2⟩ n= tan pe[ru]n=-teviyar āki [y-i]ṉpuṟa neṭ¡in!t¡u!y¡i!l ūḻiyuḷ I[ṭ]ai-tuṟai-nāṭun= tu[ṭa]rvana vēli-p-pa-
⟨3⟩ ṭar va¡n!avāciyum cuḷḷi-⟨c⟩cūḻmatiṭ koḷḷi-[p]-pāk[k]aiyum naṇṇaṟk’ aruma-
⟨4⟩ raṇ maṇṇai-k-kaṭakka[mu]m po[ru]-kaṭal ¡i!ḻatt’ araiyar ta muṭiyum ā[ṅ]kavar
⟨5⟩ tēviyar ōṅkeḻil muṭiyu muṉṉavar ⟨pa⟩kkal-t teṉṉavar [v]aitta
⟨6⟩ cun=tara-muṭiyum in=tira¡n! āra¿ḻan=? teṇ-ṭirai Īḻa-ma-
⟨7⟩ ṇṭala [mu]ḻuvatum eṟipaṭai-k= kēraḷan [mu]-
⟨8⟩ ṟaimaiyil cūṭuṅ kulatanam ākiya palar-puka-
⟨9⟩ ḻ muṭiyuñ ceṅ-katir mālaiyuñ caṅ-katir vē-
⟨10⟩ lai-t tol peruṅ-kāval pala-paḻan=-t¡i!vuñ ce[ru]
⟨11⟩ viṟ cinavil Irupatt’ oru-kāl araicukaḷai kaṭṭa parac¡i!-rāman
⟨12⟩ mēvaruñ c[ā]n=timatt¡i!v’ araṇ karuti Iruttiya cem-p[oṟ]ṟiru-
⟨13⟩ -t-taku muṭiyum payaṅ-koṭu paḻi mika [mu]¡c!a[ṅ]kiyil [mu]tukiṭṭ’ oḷitta
⟨14⟩ caya-ciṅkaṉ Aḷapperum pukaḻoṭu [pī]ṭi I¡l!aṭṭa-pāṭi Ēḻ’ arai Ilak=kamu na[va]-
⟨15⟩ neti-[k]-ku[la]-p-pe[ru]malaikaḷu mā-p-[p]e[ru]n=taṇ[ṭā]ṟ koṇ[ṭa] kō-p-parakēsari-[pa]-
⟨16⟩ nmar-ā⟨ṉa⟩ śrī-[rā]jen¡t!ra-cōḻadevarkku yāṇṭu 9-tāvatu jayaṅ-koṇṭa-c[ō]-
⟨17⟩ ḻa-maṇṭala[t]tu perum-pāṇa-p-pāṭi-t-tūy-nāṭṭu mēṟ-pāṭi-y-āna rāj[ā]śra⟨ya⟩-
⟨18⟩ -purattu tiru-[v-a]ṟiñc¡i!śvara¡mm!-uṭaiya mah¿a?-devar maṭam-uṭaiya Ilakuḷ¡i![śva]-
⟨19⟩ ra-paṇṭitar kanmikaḷuk=ku It-tēvar āṭu toṇṇūṟu kaiy-k-k[o]ṇ[ṭu]
⟨20⟩ tiru-nan=tā-viḷakku Onṟinukku Erikka ne¡yy! aṭṭuvatāka [Iv]v-ūr iruk=kum iṭ[ai]-
⟨21⟩ [ya]¡n! Ēṟaṉ cātta[¡n!u]k=ku Ivv-ūr irukkum Iṭaiyan kalli kuṭṭēṟa¡ni!um pu-
⟨22⟩ ṉṉai ciṅka¡n!um Ēṇi kaṅkātara¡n!um vāṇa¡n! co[m]ā[ta]⟨ṉu⟩n= taṇṭanāṉai[yu]-
⟨23⟩ m nampi cātēva¡n!u⟨m⟩ Ayiti kāṭāṭi⟨yu⟩m nampi tiṇaiya¡n!um nampi paṉṟiyu-
⟨24⟩ m vāṇa¡n! puḷiya[¡n!u]⟨m⟩ Āka Ivv-aṉaivōm oṭṭi-p puṇai-p-paṭṭa paric’ āvatu I
⟨25⟩ ṭaiya¡n! ēṟaṉ cāttaṉai-k koṇṭu tiru-nan=tā-viḷakk’ oṉṟinukku rā[ca]kē-
⟨26⟩ cariyāl nicatam Uḻakku [n]e¡yy! aṭ[ṭu]vippat’ ākavum [I]vaṉ cāvilum [po]ki-
⟨27⟩ lum ciṟai taḷai caṅkili pukilum Ivv-aṉaivō [mu]ṉpu [ni]ṉṟōmē ca-
⟨28⟩ n=tirātitta-vaṟ ti[ru]-viḷak=k’ erik=ka ney aṭṭuvat-āka puṇai-p-paṭṭōm Ivv-aṉaivōm
⟨29⟩ Ivarka[ḷ] vēṇṭa v-[e]ḻuti¡n!ēṉ I⟨n⟩-nakara-k-karaṇattā¡n! poṉṉāli [A]ṟu--
⟨30⟩ -patt-iruva¡n!-ēṉ Eḻuttu ⁋ rācāśra[ya]-purattu viyāpāri Am[mu]ri [I]ḷa[m]peru
⟨31⟩ n=ti

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī

1. Āciriyappā

tiru maṉṉi vaḷara Iru-nila-maṭan=taiyum

pōṟ-caya-p-pāvaiyum c⟨ī⟩r-t-tani-c-celviyu⟨2⟩n=

tan pe[ru]n=-teviyar āki [y-i]ṉpuṟa

neṭ⟨u⟩t⟨i⟩y⟨a⟩l ūḻiyuḷ I[ṭ]ai-tuṟai-nāṭun=

tu[ṭa]rvana vēli-p-pa⟨3⟩ṭar va⟨ṉ⟩avāciyum

cuḷḷi-⟨c⟩cūḻmatiṭ koḷḷi-[p]-pāk[k]aiyum

naṇṇaṟk’ aruma⟨4⟩raṇ maṇṇai-k-kaṭakka[mu]m

po[ru]-kaṭal ⟨ī⟩ḻatt’ araiyar ta muṭiyum

ā[ṅ]kavar ⟨5⟩ tēviyar ōṅkeḻil muṭiyu

muṉṉavar ⟨pa⟩kkal-t teṉṉavar [v]aitta

⟨6⟩ cun=tara-muṭiyum in=tira⟨ṉ⟩ āra⟨mum⟩

teṇ-ṭirai Īḻa-ma⟨7⟩ṇṭala [mu]ḻuvatum

eṟipaṭai-k= kēraḷan [mu]⟨8⟩ṟaimaiyil cūṭuṅ

kulatanam ākiya palar-puka⟨9⟩ḻ muṭiyuñ

ceṅ-katir mālaiyuñ caṅ-katir vē⟨10⟩lai-t

tol peruṅ-kāval pala-paḻan=-t⟨ī⟩vuñ

ce[ru] ⟨11⟩ viṟ cinavil Irupatt’ oru-kāl

araicukaḷai kaṭṭa parac⟨u⟩-rāman

⟨12⟩ mēvaruñ c[ā]n=timatt⟨ī⟩v’ araṇ karuti

Iruttiya cem-p[oṟ]ṟiru⟨13⟩-t-taku muṭiyum

payaṅ-koṭu paḻi mika [mu]⟨y⟩a[ṅ]kiyil [mu]tukiṭṭ’

oḷitta ⟨14⟩ caya-ciṅkaṉ Aḷapperum pukaḻoṭu

[pī]ṭi I⟨r⟩aṭṭa-pāṭi Ēḻ’ arai

Ilak=kamu na[va]⟨15⟩neti-[k]-ku[la]-p-pe[ru]malaikaḷu

mā-p-[p]e[ru]n=taṇ[ṭā]ṟ koṇ[ṭa]

kō-p-parakēsari-[pa]⟨16⟩nmar-ā⟨ṉa⟩ śrī-[rā]jen⟨d⟩ra-cōḻadevarkku yāṇṭu 9-tāvatu

jayaṅ-koṇṭa-c[ō]⟨17⟩ḻa-maṇṭala[t]tu perum-pāṇa-p-pāṭi-t-tūy-nāṭṭu mēṟ-pāṭi-y-āna rāj[ā]śra⟨ya⟩⟨18⟩-purattu tiru-[v-a]ṟiñc⟨ī⟩śvara⟨m⟩-uṭaiya mah⟨ā⟩-devar maṭam-uṭaiya Ilakuḷ⟨ī⟩[śva]⟨19⟩ra-paṇṭitar kanmikaḷuk=ku It-tēvar āṭu toṇṇūṟu kaiy-k-k[o]ṇ[ṭu] ⟨20⟩ tiru-nan=tā-viḷakku Onṟinukku Erikka ne⟨y⟩ aṭṭuvatāka [Iv]v-ūr iruk=kum iṭ[ai]⟨21⟩[ya]⟨ṉ⟩ Ēṟaṉ cātta[⟨ṉ⟩u]k=ku Ivv-ūr irukkum Iṭaiyan kalli kuṭṭēṟa⟨ṉ⟩um pu⟨22⟩ṉṉai ciṅka⟨ṉ⟩um Ēṇi kaṅkātara⟨ṉ⟩um vāṇa⟨ṉ⟩ co[m]ā[ta]⟨ṉu⟩n= taṇṭanāṉai[yu]⟨23⟩m nampi cātēva⟨ṉ⟩u⟨m⟩ Ayiti kāṭāṭi⟨yu⟩m nampi tiṇaiya⟨ṉ⟩um nampi paṉṟiyu⟨24⟩m vāṇa⟨ṉ⟩ puḷiya[⟨ṉ⟩u]⟨m⟩ Āka Ivv-aṉaivōm oṭṭi-p puṇai-p-paṭṭa paric’ āvatu

I ⟨25⟩ ṭaiya⟨ṉ⟩ ēṟaṉ cāttaṉai-k koṇṭu tiru-nan=tā-viḷakk’ oṉṟinukku rā[ca]kē⟨26⟩cariyāl nicatam Uḻakku [n]e⟨y⟩ aṭ[ṭu]vippat’ ākavum

[I]vaṉ cāvilum [po]ki⟨27⟩lum ciṟai taḷai caṅkili pukilum Ivv-aṉaivō [mu]ṉpu [ni]ṉṟōmē ca⟨28⟩n=tirātitta-vaṟ ti[ru]-viḷak=k’ erik=ka ney aṭṭuvat-āka puṇai-p-paṭṭōm Ivv-aṉaivōm

⟨29⟩ Ivarka[ḷ] vēṇṭa v-[e]ḻuti⟨ṉ⟩ēṉ I⟨n⟩-nakara-k-karaṇattā⟨ṉ⟩ poṉṉāli [A]ṟu-⟨30⟩-patt-iruva⟨ṉ⟩-ēṉ Eḻuttu ⁋

rācāśra[ya]-purattu viyāpāri Am[mu]ri [I]ḷa[m]peru ⟨31⟩ n=ti

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī

1. Āciriyappā

tiru maṉṉi vaḷara Iru-nila-maṭan=taiyum

pōṟ-caya-p-pāvaiyum c¡i!⟨ī⟩r-t-tani-c-celviyu⟨2⟩n=

tan pe[ru]n=-teviyar āki [y-i]ṉpuṟa

neṭ¡in!⟨u⟩t¡u!⟨i⟩y¡i!⟨a⟩l ūḻiyuḷ I[ṭ]ai-tuṟai-nāṭun=

tu[ṭa]rvana vēli-p-pa⟨3⟩ṭar va¡n!⟨ṉ⟩avāciyum

cuḷḷi-⟨c⟩cūḻmatiṭ koḷḷi-[p]-pāk[k]aiyum

naṇṇaṟk’ aruma⟨4⟩raṇ maṇṇai-k-kaṭakka[mu]m

po[ru]-kaṭal ¡i!⟨ī⟩ḻatt’ araiyar ta muṭiyum

ā[ṅ]kavar ⟨5⟩ tēviyar ōṅkeḻil muṭiyu

muṉṉavar ⟨pa⟩kkal-t teṉṉavar [v]aitta

⟨6⟩ cun=tara-muṭiyum in=tira¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ āra¿ḻan=?⟨mum⟩

teṇ-ṭirai Īḻa-ma⟨7⟩ṇṭala [mu]ḻuvatum

eṟipaṭai-k= kēraḷan [mu]⟨8⟩ṟaimaiyil cūṭuṅ

kulatanam ākiya palar-puka⟨9⟩ḻ muṭiyuñ

ceṅ-katir mālaiyuñ caṅ-katir vē⟨10⟩lai-t

tol peruṅ-kāval pala-paḻan=-t¡i!⟨ī⟩vuñ

ce[ru] ⟨11⟩ viṟ cinavil Irupatt’ oru-kāl

araicukaḷai kaṭṭa parac¡i!⟨u⟩-rāman

⟨12⟩ mēvaruñ c[ā]n=timatt¡i!⟨ī⟩v’ araṇ karuti

Iruttiya cem-p[oṟ]ṟiru⟨13⟩-t-taku muṭiyum

payaṅ-koṭu paḻi mika [mu]¡c!⟨y⟩a[ṅ]kiyil [mu]tukiṭṭ’

oḷitta ⟨14⟩ caya-ciṅkaṉ Aḷapperum pukaḻoṭu

[pī]ṭi I¡l!⟨r⟩aṭṭa-pāṭi Ēḻ’ arai

Ilak=kamu na[va]⟨15⟩neti-[k]-ku[la]-p-pe[ru]malaikaḷu

mā-p-[p]e[ru]n=taṇ[ṭā]ṟ koṇ[ṭa]

kō-p-parakēsari-[pa]⟨16⟩nmar-ā⟨ṉa⟩ śrī-[rā]jen¡t!⟨d⟩ra-cōḻadevarkku yāṇṭu 9-tāvatu

jayaṅ-koṇṭa-c[ō]⟨17⟩ḻa-maṇṭala[t]tu perum-pāṇa-p-pāṭi-t-tūy-nāṭṭu mēṟ-pāṭi-y-āna rāj[ā]śra⟨ya⟩⟨18⟩-purattu tiru-[v-a]ṟiñc¡i!⟨ī⟩śvara¡mm!⟨m⟩-uṭaiya mah¿a?⟨ā⟩-devar maṭam-uṭaiya Ilakuḷ¡i!⟨ī⟩[śva]⟨19⟩ra-paṇṭitar kanmikaḷuk=ku It-tēvar āṭu toṇṇūṟu kaiy-k-k[o]ṇ[ṭu] ⟨20⟩ tiru-nan=tā-viḷakku Onṟinukku Erikka ne¡yy!⟨y⟩ aṭṭuvatāka [Iv]v-ūr iruk=kum iṭ[ai]⟨21⟩[ya]¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ Ēṟaṉ cātta[¡n!⟨ṉ⟩u]k=ku Ivv-ūr irukkum Iṭaiyan kalli kuṭṭēṟa¡ni!⟨ṉ⟩um pu⟨22⟩ṉṉai ciṅka¡n!⟨ṉ⟩um Ēṇi kaṅkātara¡n!⟨ṉ⟩um vāṇa¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ co[m]ā[ta]⟨ṉu⟩n= taṇṭanāṉai[yu]⟨23⟩m nampi cātēva¡n!⟨ṉ⟩u⟨m⟩ Ayiti kāṭāṭi⟨yu⟩m nampi tiṇaiya¡n!⟨ṉ⟩um nampi paṉṟiyu⟨24⟩m vāṇa¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ puḷiya[¡n!⟨ṉ⟩u]⟨m⟩ Āka Ivv-aṉaivōm oṭṭi-p puṇai-p-paṭṭa paric’ āvatu

I ⟨25⟩ ṭaiya¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ ēṟaṉ cāttaṉai-k koṇṭu tiru-nan=tā-viḷakk’ oṉṟinukku rā[ca]kē⟨26⟩cariyāl nicatam Uḻakku [n]e¡yy!⟨y⟩ aṭ[ṭu]vippat’ ākavum

⟨29⟩ Ivarka[ḷ] vēṇṭa v-[e]ḻuti¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ēṉ I⟨n⟩-nakara-k-karaṇattā¡n!⟨ṉ⟩ poṉṉāli [A]ṟu-⟨30⟩-patt-iruva¡n!⟨ṉ⟩-ēṉ Eḻuttu ⁋

rācāśra[ya]-purattu viyāpāri Am[mu]ri [I]ḷa[m]peru ⟨31⟩ n=ti

Translation by Hultzsch 1899

⟨1⟩ Hail! Prosperity! In the 9th year [of the reign] of king Parakesarivarman,alias Śrī-Rājendra-Cōḻadeva, who,——in [his] life of high prosperity, while Fortune, having become constant, was increasing, [and] while the goddess of the great earth, the goddess of victory in battle, and the matchless goddess of fame rejoiced to have become his great queens,——conquered with [his] very great army Iṭaituṟai-nāṭu; Vanavāci, whose warriors [were protected by] walls of continuous forests; Koḷḷippākkai, whose walls were surrounded by cuḷḷi [trees]; the camp of Maṇṇai,¹ whose fortifications were unapproachable; the crown of the king of Īḻam, [who was as impetuous as] the sea in fighting; the exceedingly beautiful crowns of the queens of that [king]; the crown of Sundara and the pearl necklace of Indra, which the king of the South (i.e. the Pāṇḍya) had previously given up to that [king of Īḻam]; the whole Īḻa-maṇṭalam on the transparent sea; the crown praised by many and the garland of the Sun, family-treasures which the arrow-shooting [king of] Kēraḷa rightfully wore; many ancient islands, whose old and great guard was the sea which resounds with conches; the crown of pure gold, worthy of Lakṣmī, which Paraśurāma, having considered the fortifications of Cāntimattīvu impregnable, had deposited [there], when, in anger, [he] bound the kings twenty-one times in battle; the seven and a half lakṣas of Ilaṭṭa-pāṭi, [through the conquest of whose] throne² immeasurable fame arose, [and which he took from] Jayasiṁha, who, out of fear [and] full of vengeance, turned his back at Mucaṅki and hid himself; and the principal great mountains [which contained] the nine treasures [of Kubera];——before the Pūjāri (kaṉmikaḷ) Lakuḷīśvara-Paṇḍita, [the head] of the maṭha of [the god] Mahādeva of the holy Aṟiñcīśvara [temple] in Mēṟpāṭi, alias Rājāśrayapuram, [a city] in Tūy-nāṭu, [a subdivision] of Perumpāṇa-pāṭi in Jayaṅkoṇḍa-Cōḻa-maṇṭalam,——we, all the following shepherds of this village: Kalli-Kuṭṭēṟaṉ, Puṉṉai Ciṅkaṉ (i.e. Siṁha), Ēṇi Gaṅgādharaṉ,³ Vāṇaṉ Cō[m]ā[ta]ṉ (i.e. Somanātha), Taṇṭaṉ Āṉai, Nampi Cātēvaṉ (i.e. Sahadeva), Ayiti Kāṭāṭi, Nampi-Tiṇaiyaṉ, Nampi Paṉṟi and Vāṇaṉ Puḷiyaṉ, agreed to become security for Ēṟaṉ-Cāttaṉ, a shepherd of this village, [who] had received ninety ewes of this temple, in order to supply ghee for burning one perpetual lamp.

⟨24⟩ [We] shall cause the shepherd Ēṟaṉ Cāttaṉ to supply daily to one perpetual lamp [one] uḻakku of ghee, [measured] by the Rājakēsari.

⟨26⟩ If he dies, absconds, or gets into prison, fetters [or] chains, we, all these aforesaid persons, are bound to supply ghee for burning the holy lamp as long as the moon and the sun endure.

⟨29⟩ At the desire of these persons, I, the accountant of this city, Poṉṉāli Aṟupattiruvaṉ, wrote [this. This is] my writing.

⟨30⟩ [The signature of] Am[mu]ri [I]ḷa[m]-Perunti, a merchant (vyāpārin) of Rājāśrayapuram.

Translation

⟨1⟩ Prosperity! Fortune!

⟨15–16⟩ 9th year of the glorious king Rājendra Cōḻaaliasthe king Parakesarivarma,

⟨1–15⟩ who ... [meykkīrtti of Rājendra I Cōḷa]

⟨16–24⟩ This is the manner in which ...

⟨24–26⟩ There should ...

⟨26⟩ ...

⟨1⟩ ...

Bibliography

Edited in Hultzsch 1899, with English translation (SII 3.18).

This edition by Emmanuel Francis (2024), based on Hultzsch 1899 and photos (E. Francis, 2024).

Primary

[SII] Hultzsch, Eugen Julius Theodor. 1899. South-Indian inscriptions. Volume III: Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil country. Part I: Inscriptions at Ukkal, Melpadi, Karuvur, Manimangalam and Tiruvallam. South Indian Inscriptions 3.1. Madras: Government Press. Pages 27–29, item 18.

Notes

1. See Mr. Rice’s Epigraphia Carnataca, Part 1. p. 10 of the Introduction.
2. pīṭi is perhaps the Sanskrit pīṭhī.
3. The same person is mentioned in line 16 of No. 17.

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California, 94041, USA.</p>

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<p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)

under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant

agreement no 809994).</p>

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<p>Public URIs with the prefix bib to point to a Zotero Group Library named

ERC-DHARMA whose data are open to the public.</p>

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<p>Internal URIs using the part prefix to point to person elements in the

<ref>DHARMA_IdListMembers_v01.xml</ref> file.</p>

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<change who="part:emfr" when="2024-04-09">Creation of the file on the

repository</change>

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<body>

<lb n="1"/>svasti śrī

</ab>

<l n="1">tiru maṉṉi vaḷara Iru-nila-maṭan=taiyum</l>

<l n="2">pōṟ-caya-p-pāvaiyum c<choice><orig>i</orig><reg>ī</reg></choice>r-t-tani-c-celviyu<lb n="2" break="no"/>n=</l>

<l n="3">tan pe<supplied reason="undefined">ru</supplied>n=-teviyar āki <supplied reason="undefined">y-i</supplied>ṉpuṟa</l>

<l n="4">neṭ<choice><orig>in</orig><reg>u</reg></choice>t<choice><orig>u</orig><reg>i</reg></choice>y<choice><orig>i</orig><reg>a</reg></choice>l ūḻiyuḷ I<supplied reason="undefined">ṭ</supplied>ai-tuṟai-nāṭun=</l>

<l n="5">tu<supplied reason="undefined">ṭa</supplied>rvana vēli-p-pa<lb n="3" break="no"/>ṭar va<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>avāciyum</l>

<l n="6">cuḷḷi-<supplied reason="omitted">c</supplied>cūḻmatiṭ koḷḷi-<supplied reason="undefined">p</supplied>-pāk<supplied reason="undefined">k</supplied>aiyum</l>

<l n="7">naṇṇaṟk' aruma<lb n="4" break="no"/>raṇ maṇṇai-k-kaṭakka<supplied reason="undefined">mu</supplied>m</l>

<l n="8">po<supplied reason="undefined">ru</supplied>-kaṭal <choice><orig>i</orig><reg>ī</reg></choice>ḻatt' araiyar ta muṭiyum</l>

<l n="9">ā<supplied reason="undefined">ṅ</supplied>kavar <lb n="5"/>tēviyar ōṅkeḻil muṭiyu</l>

<l n="10">muṉṉavar <supplied reason="omitted">pa</supplied>kkal-t teṉṉavar <supplied reason="undefined">v</supplied>aitta</l>

<l n="11"><lb n="6"/>cun=tara-muṭiyum in=tira<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice> āra<choice><sic>ḻan=</sic><corr>mum</corr></choice></l>

<l n="12">teṇ-ṭirai Īḻa-ma<lb n="7" break="no"/>ṇṭala <supplied reason="undefined">mu</supplied>ḻuvatum</l>

<l n="13">eṟipaṭai-k= kēraḷan <supplied reason="undefined">mu</supplied><lb n="8" break="no"/>ṟaimaiyil cūṭuṅ</l>

<l n="14">kulatanam ākiya palar-puka<lb n="9" break="no"/>ḻ muṭiyuñ</l>

<l n="15">ceṅ-katir mālaiyuñ caṅ-katir vē<lb n="10" break="no"/>lai-t</l>

<l n="16">tol peruṅ-kāval pala-paḻan=-t<choice><orig>i</orig><reg>ī</reg></choice>vuñ</l>

<l n="17">ce<supplied reason="undefined">ru</supplied><lb n="11"/>viṟ cinavil Irupatt' oru-kāl</l>

<l n="18">araicukaḷai kaṭṭa parac<choice><orig>i</orig><reg>u</reg></choice>-rāman</l>

<l n="19"><lb n="12"/>mēvaruñ c<supplied reason="undefined">ā</supplied>n=timatt<choice><orig>i</orig><reg>ī</reg></choice>v' araṇ karuti</l>

<l n="20">Iruttiya cem-p<supplied reason="undefined">oṟ</supplied>ṟiru<lb n="13" break="no"/>-t-taku muṭiyum</l>

<l n="21">payaṅ-koṭu paḻi mika <supplied reason="undefined">mu</supplied><choice><orig>c</orig><reg>y</reg></choice>a<supplied reason="undefined">ṅ</supplied>kiyil <supplied reason="undefined">mu</supplied>tukiṭṭ'</l>

<l n="22">oḷitta <lb n="14"/>caya-ciṅkaṉ Aḷapperum pukaḻoṭu</l>

<l n="24">Ilak=kamu na<supplied reason="undefined">va</supplied><lb n="15" break="no"/>neti-<supplied reason="undefined">k</supplied>-ku<supplied reason="undefined">la</supplied>-p-pe<supplied reason="undefined">ru</supplied>malaikaḷu</l>

</lg>

<p>

kō-p-parakē<hi rend="grantha">sari</hi>-<supplied reason="undefined">pa</supplied>

<lb n="16" break="no"/><hi rend="grantha">nma</hi>r-ā<supplied reason="omitted">ṉa</supplied> <hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>-<supplied reason="undefined">rā</supplied>je<hi rend="grantha">n<choice><orig>t</orig><reg>d</reg></choice>ra</hi>-cōḻa<hi rend="grantha">de</hi>varkku yāṇṭu 9-tāvatu

</p>

<p>

jayaṅ-koṇṭa-c<supplied reason="undefined">ō</supplied>

<lb n="17" break="no"/>ḻa-maṇṭala<supplied reason="undefined">t</supplied>tu perum-pāṇa-p-pāṭi-t-tūy-nāṭṭu mēṟ-pāṭi-y-āna rāj<supplied reason="undefined">ā</supplied><hi rend="grantha">śra<supplied reason="omitted">ya</supplied></hi>

<lb n="18" break="no"/>-purattu tiru-<supplied reason="undefined">v-a</supplied>ṟiñc<choice><orig>i</orig><reg>ī</reg></choice><hi rend="grantha">śva</hi>ra<choice><orig>mm</orig><reg>m</reg></choice>-uṭaiya <hi rend="grantha">mah<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>-de</hi>var maṭam-uṭaiya Ilakuḷ<choice><orig>i</orig><reg>ī</reg></choice><hi rend="grantha"><supplied reason="undefined">śva</supplied></hi>

<lb n="19" break="no"/>ra-paṇṭitar ka<hi rend="grantha">nmi</hi>kaḷuk=ku It-tēvar āṭu toṇṇūṟu kaiy-k-k<supplied reason="undefined">o</supplied>ṇ<supplied reason="undefined">ṭu</supplied>

<lb n="20"/>tiru-nan=tā-viḷakku Onṟinukku Erikka ne<choice><orig>yy</orig><reg>y</reg></choice> aṭṭuvatāka <supplied reason="undefined">Iv</supplied>v-ūr iruk=kum iṭ<supplied reason="undefined">ai</supplied>

<lb n="21" break="no"/><supplied reason="undefined">ya</supplied><choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice> Ēṟaṉ cātta<supplied reason="undefined"><choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>u</supplied>k=ku Ivv-ūr irukkum Iṭaiyan kalli kuṭṭēṟa<choice><orig>ni</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>um pu

<lb n="22" break="no"/>ṉṉai ciṅka<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>um Ēṇi kaṅkātara<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>um vāṇa<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice> co<supplied reason="undefined">m</supplied>ā<supplied reason="undefined">ta</supplied><supplied reason="omitted">ṉu</supplied>n= taṇṭanāṉai<supplied reason="undefined">yu</supplied>

<lb n="23" break="no"/>m nampi cātēva<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>u<supplied reason="omitted">m</supplied> Ayiti kāṭāṭi<supplied reason="omitted">yu</supplied>m nampi tiṇaiya<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>um nampi paṉṟiyu

<lb n="24" break="no"/>m vāṇa<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice> puḷiya<supplied reason="undefined"><choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>u</supplied><supplied reason="omitted">m</supplied> Āka Ivv-aṉaivōm oṭṭi-p puṇai-p-paṭṭa paric' āvatu

</p>

<p>

<lb n="25"/>ṭaiya<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice> ēṟaṉ cāttaṉai-k koṇṭu tiru-nan=tā-viḷakk' oṉṟinukku rā<supplied reason="undefined">ca</supplied>kē

<lb n="26" break="no"/>cariyāl nicatam Uḻakku <supplied reason="undefined">n</supplied>e<choice><orig>yy</orig><reg>y</reg></choice> aṭ<supplied reason="undefined">ṭu</supplied>vippat' ākavum

</p>

<p>

<supplied reason="undefined">I</supplied>vaṉ cāvilum <supplied reason="undefined">po</supplied>ki

<lb n="27" break="no"/>lum ciṟai taḷai caṅkili pukilum Ivv-aṉaivō <supplied reason="undefined">mu</supplied>ṉpu <supplied reason="undefined">ni</supplied>ṉṟōmē ca

<lb n="28" break="no"/>n=tirātitta-vaṟ ti<supplied reason="undefined">ru</supplied>-viḷak=k' erik=ka ney aṭṭuvat-āka puṇai-p-paṭṭōm Ivv-aṉaivōm

</p>

<p>

<lb n="29"/>Ivarka<supplied reason="undefined">ḷ</supplied> vēṇṭa v-<supplied reason="undefined">e</supplied>ḻuti<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>ēṉ I<supplied reason="omitted">n</supplied>-nakara-k-karaṇattā<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice> poṉṉāli <supplied reason="undefined">A</supplied>ṟu-

<lb n="30" break="no"/>-patt-iruva<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>-ēṉ Eḻuttu <g type="gomutraFinal">.</g>

</p>

<p>

rācā<hi rend="grantha">śra</hi><supplied reason="undefined">ya</supplied>-purattu viyāpāri Am<supplied reason="undefined">mu</supplied>ri <supplied reason="undefined">I</supplied>ḷa<supplied reason="undefined">m</supplied>peru

<lb n="31"/>n=ti

</p>

</div>

<!--<div type="apparatus">

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<p n="1">Hail! Prosperity! In the 9th year <supplied reason="subaudible">of the reign</supplied> of king Parakesarivarman,<hi rend="italic">alias</hi> Śrī-Rājendra-Cōḻadeva, who,——in <supplied reason="subaudible">his</supplied> life of high prosperity, while Fortune, having become constant, was increasing, <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> while the goddess of the great earth, the goddess of victory in battle, and the matchless goddess of fame rejoiced to have become his great queens,——conquered with <supplied reason="subaudible">his</supplied> very great army Iṭaituṟai-nāṭu; Vanavāci, whose warriors <supplied reason="subaudible">were protected by</supplied> walls of continuous forests; Koḷḷippākkai, whose walls were surrounded by <foreign>cuḷḷi</foreign> <supplied reason="subaudible">trees</supplied>; the camp of Maṇṇai,<note>See Mr. Rice's <hi rend="italic">Epigraphia Carnataca</hi>, Part 1. p. 10 of the Introduction.</note> whose fortifications were unapproachable; the crown of the king of Īḻam, <supplied reason="subaudible">who was as impetuous as</supplied> the sea in fighting; the exceedingly beautiful crowns of the queens of that <supplied reason="subaudible">king</supplied>; the crown of Sundara and the pearl necklace of Indra, which the king of the South <supplied reason="explanation">i.e. the Pāṇḍya</supplied> had previously given up to that <supplied reason="subaudible">king of Īḻam</supplied>; the whole Īḻa-maṇṭalam on the transparent sea; the crown praised by many and the garland of the Sun, family-treasures which the arrow-shooting <supplied reason="subaudible">king of</supplied> Kēraḷa rightfully wore; many ancient islands, whose old and great guard was the sea which resounds with conches; the crown of pure gold, worthy of Lakṣmī, which Paraśurāma, having considered the fortifications of Cāntimattīvu impregnable, had deposited <supplied reason="subaudible">there</supplied>, when, in anger, <supplied reason="subaudible">he</supplied> bound the kings twenty-one times in battle; the seven and a half <foreign>lakṣa</foreign>s of Ilaṭṭa-pāṭi, <supplied reason="subaudible">through the conquest of whose</supplied> throne<note><foreign>pīṭi</foreign> is perhaps the Sanskrit <foreign>pīṭhī</foreign>.</note> immeasurable fame arose, <supplied reason="subaudible">and which he took from</supplied> Jayasiṁha, who, out of fear <supplied reason="subaudible">and</supplied> full of vengeance, turned his back at Mucaṅki and hid himself; and the principal great mountains <supplied reason="subaudible">which contained</supplied> the nine treasures <supplied reason="subaudible">of Kubera</supplied>;——before the Pūjāri <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kaṉmikaḷ</foreign></supplied> Lakuḷīśvara-Paṇḍita, <supplied reason="subaudible">the head</supplied> of the <foreign>maṭha</foreign> of <supplied reason="subaudible">the god</supplied> Mahādeva of the holy Aṟiñcīśvara <supplied reason="subaudible">temple</supplied> in Mēṟpāṭi, <hi rend="italic">alias</hi> Rājāśrayapuram, <supplied reason="subaudible">a city</supplied> in Tūy-nāṭu, <supplied reason="subaudible">a subdivision</supplied> of Perumpāṇa-pāṭi in Jayaṅkoṇḍa-Cōḻa-maṇṭalam,——we, all the following shepherds of this village: Kalli-Kuṭṭēṟaṉ, Puṉṉai Ciṅkaṉ <supplied reason="explanation">i.e. Siṁha</supplied>, Ēṇi Gaṅgādharaṉ,<note>The same person is mentioned in line 16 of No. 17.</note> Vāṇaṉ Cō<supplied reason="undefined">m</supplied>ā<supplied reason="undefined">ta</supplied>ṉ <supplied reason="explanation">i.e. Somanātha</supplied>, Taṇṭaṉ Āṉai, Nampi Cātēvaṉ <supplied reason="explanation">i.e. Sahadeva</supplied>, Ayiti Kāṭāṭi, Nampi-Tiṇaiyaṉ, Nampi Paṉṟi and Vāṇaṉ Puḷiyaṉ, agreed to become security for Ēṟaṉ-Cāttaṉ, a shepherd of this village, <supplied reason="subaudible">who</supplied> had received ninety ewes of this temple, in order to supply ghee for burning one perpetual lamp.</p>

<p n="24"><supplied reason="subaudible">We</supplied> shall cause the shepherd Ēṟaṉ Cāttaṉ to supply daily to one perpetual lamp <supplied reason="subaudible">one</supplied> <foreign>uḻakku</foreign> of ghee, <supplied reason="subaudible">measured</supplied> by the <foreign>Rājakēsari</foreign>.</p>

<p n="26">If he dies, absconds, or gets into prison, fetters <supplied reason="subaudible">or</supplied> chains, we, all these aforesaid persons, are bound to supply ghee for burning the holy lamp as long as the moon and the sun endure.</p>

<p n="29">At the desire of these persons, I, the accountant of this city, Poṉṉāli Aṟupattiruvaṉ, wrote <supplied reason="subaudible">this. This is</supplied> my writing.</p>

<p n="30"><supplied reason="subaudible">The signature of</supplied> Am<supplied reason="undefined">mu</supplied>ri <supplied reason="undefined">I</supplied>ḷa<supplied reason="undefined">m</supplied>-Perunti, a merchant <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vyāpārin</foreign></supplied> of Rājāśrayapuram.</p>

</div>

<p n="1">Prosperity! Fortune!</p>

<p n="15-16">9th year of the glorious king Rājendra Cōḻa<hi rend="italic">alias</hi>the king Parakesarivarma,</p>

<p n="1-15">who ... [<foreign>meykkīrtti</foreign> of Rājendra I Cōḷa]</p>

<p n="16-24">This is the manner in which

...</p>

<p n="24-26">There should

...</p>

</div>

<!--<div type="commentary">

</div>-->

<p>Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1899_01"/></bibl>, with English translation (SII 3.18).</p>

<p>This edition by Emmanuel Francis (2024), based on <bibl><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1899_01"/></bibl> and photos (E. Francis, 2024).</p>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

<!--<listBibl type="secondary">

<bibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>-->

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</body>

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