Pāṁbaṟṟu grant of Amma II

Editor: Dániel Balogh.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSVengiCalukya00044.

Hand description:

No information is available about details such as the appearance of halanta characters and original punctuation marks.

Other palaeographic observations.

Languages: Sanskrit, Telugu.

Repository: Eastern Cālukya (tfb-vengicalukya-epigraphy).

Version: (c66dc65), last modified (d026db9).

Edition

Seal

⟨1⟩ śrī-tribhuvanāṁkuśa

Plates

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1⟩ svasti śrīmatāṁ sakala-bhuvana-saṁstūyamāna-mānavya-sagotrāṇāṁ hārīti-putrā⟨2⟩ṇāṁ k¿o?⟨au⟩śikī-vara-prasāda-labdha-rājyānāṁ mātr̥-gaṇa-paripālitānāṁ svāmi-mahāsena-pā⟨3⟩dānudhyātānāṁ bhagavan-nārāyaṇa-prasāda-samāsādita-vara-varāha-lāñchanekṣa[ṇa-kṣa]⟨4⟩ṇa-vaśīkr̥tārāti-maṇḍalānām aśvamedhāvabhr̥¿t?⟨th⟩a-snāna-pavitrīkr̥ta-vapuṣāṁ (cālu)kyā⟨5⟩nāṁ kulam alaṁkariṣṇoḥ satyāśraya-vallabhendrasya bhrātā kubja-viṣṇuvarddhano ⟨’⟩ṣtādaśa (varṣāṇi) ⟨6⟩ veṁgī-deśam apālayaT. tad-ātmajo jayasiṁhas trayastriṁśataṁ. tad-anujendrarāja-nandano vi⟨7⟩ṣṇuvarddhano nava. tat-sūnur mmaṁgi-yuvarājaḥ paṁcaviṁśatiṁ. tat-putro jayasiṁhas trayo⟨8⟩daśa. tad-avarajaḥ kokkiliḥ ṣaṇ māsāN. tasya jyeṣṭho bhrātā viṣṇuvardhanas tam uccāṭya saptatriṁ(śataṁ) ⟨Page 2r⟩ ⟨9⟩ tat-putro vijayāditya-bhaṭṭārako ⟨’⟩ṣṭādaśa. tat-suto viṣṇuvarddhana¡ṣ! ṣaṭtriṁśataṁ. tat-suto ⟨10⟩ vijayāditya-narendra-mr̥garājaś cāṣṭ¿ā?⟨a⟩catvāriṁśataṁ. tat-sutaḥ kali-viṣṇuvarddhano ⟨’⟩dhya⟨11⟩rddha-varṣaṁ. tat-putro guṇagāṁka-vijayādityaś catuścatvāriṁśataṁ. tad-bhrātu⟨12⟩⟨r⟩ vvikramāditya-bhūpates sūnuś cālukya-(bhī)ma-bhūpālas triṁśataṁ. tat-sutaḥ ⟨13⟩ kollabigaṇḍa-vijayādityaḥ ṣaṇ māsāN. tat-sūnur ammarā(ja)ḥ sapta varṣāṇi.

I. Anuṣṭubh

tat-su⟨14⟩taṁ vijayādityaṁ

a

bālam uccāṭya līlayā

b

tālādhipatir ākramya

c

māsam ekam apā⟨15⟩d bhuvaṁ.

d

taṁ jitvā cālukya-bhīma-tanayo vikramāditya Ekādaśa māsāN. tatas tālādhipa(ti)⟨16⟩-sūnu⟨r⟩ yyuddhamalla⟨ḥ⟩ sapta varṣāni.

II. śārdūlavikrīdita

nirjjityārjuna-sannibho janapadāt taṁ nirggamayyoddhatān

a

dāyā⟨Page 2v⟩⟨17⟩dān ina-bhānu-līna-bha-gaṇākārān vidhāyetarān

b

vajrīvorjjita-nākam amma-nr̥pater bhrātā kanīyān bhu⟨18⟩vaṁ

c

bhīmo bhīma-parākramas samabhunak saṁvatsarān dvādaśa.

d
III. Āryā

tasya maheśvara-mūrtter umā-samānākr̥teḥ ⟨19⟩ kumārābhaḥ

ab

lokamahādevyāḥ khalu yas samabhavad ammarājākhyaḥ.

cd
IV. Lalitā

kavi-gāyaka-kalpataru⟨r⟩ ddvija-muni⟨20⟩-dīnāndha-bandhu-jana-surabhiḥ.

ab

yācaka-jana-cintāmaṇir avanīśa-maṇir mmahogra-mahasā dyumaṇiḥ

cd

⟨21⟩ sa samasta-bhuvan¿a?⟨ā⟩śraya-śrī-vijayāditya-mahārājo rājādhirāja-param¿a?⟨e⟩śvaraḥ parama-bha⟨22⟩ṭṭārakaḥ gudrāvāra-viṣaya-nivāsino rāṣṭrakūṭa-pramukhān kuṭuṁbinas sarvvān ittham ājñāpayati.

(Asya?) ⟨23⟩ tasyāḥ paṭṭavarddhinyāḥ pammavākhyāyāḥ sutāya yuvarāja-ballaladeva-velā-bhaṭāya ⟨24⟩ boddiya-nāmne (p/d)āṁbaṟṟu nāma grāmasya dakṣinasyān diśi (nemes-kṣe?)tra-pū[ca. 8×] ⟨Page 3r⟩ ⟨25⟩ kṣetram ammarājo rājamahendro dattavān

Asya kṣe⟨tra⟩-dvayasyāvadhayaḥ⟨.⟩ pūrvvataḥ[ca. 3×]⟨26⟩-ceṟuvu. dakṣiṇataḥ raṭṭedi-cenu. paścimataḥ su(gu?)mma-cenu-garusu. Uttarataḥ velpūr-jenu⟨27⟩-turpūna-pannasa. pūrvvataḥ dāmadiya-pannasa. dakṣiṇataḥ pedda-trova. paścimataḥ ye⟨28⟩ṟu. Uttarataḥ gaṇṭhaśālaya(yappanā?)yyari-pannasa. gr̥ha-kṣetram ca. pūrvvataḥ badirā⟨29⟩la-majjaya-paṭu. dakṣiṇataḥ teṇ[ca. 3×]ṭama paṭu. paścimataḥ jiṁvarakṣa-paṭu. ⟨30⟩ Uttarataḥ racca.

Asyopari na kenacid bādhā karttavyā⟨.⟩ yaḥ karoti sa¡ḥ! paṁca-mahāpātaka-yu⟨31⟩kto bhavati. tathā coktaṁ vyāsena.

V. Anuṣṭubh

bahubhir vvasudhā dattā

a

bahubhiś cānup¿a?⟨ā⟩litā

b

yasya ya⟨32⟩sya yadā bhūmis

c

tasya tasya tadā ¿p?⟨ph⟩alaṁ.

d
⟨Page 3v⟩

Apparatus

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Plates

⟨3⟩ -lāñchanekṣa[ṇa-kṣa]⟨4⟩ṇa- • According to Sewell’s note attached here, the characters he encloses in square brackets are illegible in the original. I assume that this note refers only to this particular locus, and where he uses square brackets elsewhere, I encode their contents as unclear.

⟨4⟩ āvabhr̥¿t?⟨th⟩a- • Sewell does not emend here. I cannot ascertain whether t is a typo in his edition or a scribal mistake he saw no necessity to correct.

⟨10⟩ cāṣṭācatvāriṁśataṁ • Sewell does not emend here. I cannot ascertain whether ā is a typo in his edition or a scribal mistake he saw no necessity to correct.

⟨14⟩ tālādhipatir • In available parallels of this stanza, the spelling of the name is tāḻā° in the Andhra Sahitya Parishad plates of Śaktivarman and reportedly (but unverifiably) tālā° in the Kaṇḍyam plates of Dānārṇava.

⟨22⟩ (Asya?) • Sewell’s edition prints a question mark in parentheses after this word. I assume that it refers to his uncertainty in reading the whole of this word. If so, then the correct reading may be yathā.

⟨23⟩ -ballaladeva- • I would rather expect this name to be ballāladeva.

⟨24⟩ (nemes-kṣe?)tra-pū[ca. 8×] • Sewell prints a question mark in parentheses after kṣe, but the uncertainty of his reading probably includes the uninterpretable string nemes. His comment on the lacuna is only “Several letters undecipherable.” My estimate of its length at 8 characters is based on the fact that we have 24 surviving characters in this line, and 32 seems to be a fair guess at the total on the basis of adjacent non-lacunose lines (33 characters in l21; 36 in l22; 29 in l23; 32 in l26). The beginning of this lacuna might be restored as -pūrvvataḥ or a similar phrase, but since the donation seems to involve three separate plots, the name or specification of the first is perhaps more likely here than a more accurate description of its location.

⟨25⟩ [ca. 3×] • Sewell describes the lacuna as two or three characters in size.

⟨28⟩ gaṇṭhaśālaya(yappanā?)yyari- • According to Sewell, two or three characters are illegible here, and the text looks like yappanāyyari to him; it is not clear whether this tentative reading includes the preceding ya, which he prints as clear.

⟨29⟩ teṇ[ca. 3×]ṭama • Sewell: “Two or three letters defaced.”

⟨31⟩ cānup¿a?⟨ā⟩litā • Sewell does not emend here. I cannot ascertain whether a is a typo in his edition or a scribal mistake he saw no necessity to correct.

Translation by Dániel Balogh

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(1–13) Greetings. Satyāśraya Vallabhendra (Pulakeśin II) was eager to adorn the lineage of the majestic Cālukyas—who are of the Mānavya gotra which is praised by the entire world, who are sons of Hārītī, who attained kingship by the grace of Kauśikī’s boon, who are protected by the band of Mothers, who were deliberately appointed (to kingship) by Lord Mahāsena, to whom enemy territories instantaneously submit at the [mere] sight of the superior Boar emblem they have acquired by the grace of the divine Nārāyaṇa, and whose bodies have been hallowed through washing in the purificatory ablutions (avabhr̥tha) of the Aśvamedha sacrifice. His brother Kubja Viṣṇuvardhana protected (pāl-) the country of Veṅgī for eighteen years. His son Jayasiṁha (I), for thirty-three. His younger brother Indrarāja’s (Indra Bhaṭṭāraka’s) son Viṣṇuvardhana (II), for nine. His son Maṅgi Yuvarāja, for twenty-five. His son Jayasiṁha (II), for thirteen. His [brother] of inferior birth, Kokkili, for six months. After dethroning him, his eldest brother Viṣṇuvardhana (III), for thirty-seven. His son Vijayāditya (I) Bhaṭṭāraka, for eighteen. His son Viṣṇuvardhana (IV), for thirty-six. His son Vijayāditya (II) Narendramr̥garāja, for eight and forty. His son Kali-Viṣṇuvardhana (V), for a year and a half. His son Vijayāditya (III) with the byname Guṇaga, for forty-four. The son of his brother Prince (bhūpati) Vikramāditya, King (bhūpāla) Cālukya-Bhīma, for thirty. His son Kollabigaṇḍa Vijayāditya (IV), for six months. His son Ammarāja (I), for seven years.

I
After assaulting and effortlessly dethroning his son the child Vijayāditya (V), Lord (adhipati) Tāla protected (pā-) the earth for one month.

(15–16) After defeating him, Cālukya-Bhīma’s son Vikramāditya (II), for eleven months. Then, Lord (adhipati) Tāla’s son Yuddhamalla, for seven years.

II
Having vanquished him and expelled him from the country, having made [other] haughty rivals (dāyāda) resemble clusters of stars vanishing in the rays of the sun, the younger brother of King (nr̥pati) Amma (I)—Bhīma (II) of fearsome (bhīma) prowess, who took after Arjuna—ruled (bhuj-) the earth for twelve years, as the Thunderbolt-wielder (Indra) [rules] the high heaven.
III
To him (Bhīma II), who was [like] Maheśvara in form, a [son] named Ammarāja (II), who verily resembled Kumāra, was born from none other than (his queen) Lokamahādevī, who was like Umā in appearance.
IV
[He is] a wish-granting tree to poets and singers, a cow of plenty (surabhi) to Brahmins (dvija), ascetics (muni), the afflicted, the blind and his kinsfolk, a wish-fulfilling jewel to supplicants, a jewel among kings, and the jewel of the sky (the sun) by his great and fierce glory.

(21–22) That shelter of the entire universe (samasta-bhuvanāśraya), His Majesty King (mahārāja) Vijayāditya (Amma II) the Supreme Lord (parameśvara) of Emperors (rājādhirāja) and Supreme Sovereign (parama-bhaṭṭāraka), commands all householders (kuṭumbin)—including foremost the territorial overseers (rāṣṭrakūṭa)—who reside in Gudrāvāra district (viṣaya) as follows:

(22–25) ¿To wit:?1 Ammarāja (II) Rājamahendra has given a … (nemes) field […] field [located] to the south of the village named Pāṁbaṟṟu to a ¿borderland soldier? (velā-bhaṭa)2 of Prince (yuvarāja) Ballaladeva, Boddiya by name, the son of [the lady] called Pammavā [of the] Paṭṭavardhinī [family].

(25–30) The boundaries of these two fields [are as follows].3 To the east, […] tank (ceṟuvu). To the south, the Raṭṭedi field. To the west, the verge of the fields of Sugumma. To the north, the eastern pannasa4 of the Velpūr field. To the east,5 the pannasa of Dāmadiya. To the south, the great road. To the west, the river. To the north, the … pannasa of Gaṇṭhaśāla. And [the boundaries of] the domicile plot [are as follows]. To the east, the … (majjaya-paṭu) of Badirāla. To the south, …. To the west, … (jiṁvarakṣa-paṭu). To the north, the village assembly ground (racca).

(30–31) Let no-one pose an obstacle (to his enjoyment of his rights) over it. He who does so shall be conjoined with the five great sins. So too Vyāsa has said:

V
Many (kings) have granted land, and many have preserved it (as formerly granted). Whosoever at any time owns the land, the fruit reward (accrued of granting it) belongs to him at that time.

Translation into French by Estienne-Monod 2008

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(1–13) Prospérité ! Kubja Viṣṇuvardhana, frère de Satyāśraya Vallabhendra, qui orne la dynastie des Cālukya, illustres, du même gotra que les descendants de Manu, loués dans l’univers entier, fils de Hārīti, ayant reçu leur royaume par l’excellente faveur de Kauśikī, protégés par les Mères réunies, méditant aux pieds du seigneur Mahāsena, eux dont les cercles ennemis ont été soumis en un instant à la vue du signe de l’excellent sanglier, faveur octroyée par le bienheureux Nārāyaṇa, eux dont les corps ont été purifiés grâce aux bains consécutifs au sacrifice du cheval, a protégé la contrée de Veṅgī pendant dix huit années. Son fils Jayasiṁha pendant trente trois ans ; Le fils d’Indrarāja, son frère cadet, Viṣṇuvardhana, pendant neuf ans ; Le fils de celui-ci, Maṁgi, le prince héritier, pendant vingt-cinq ans ; Son fils Jayasiṁha pendant treize ans ; Le frère cadet de ce dernier, Kokkili, pendant six mois ; Son frère aîné Viṣṇuvardhana, après l’avoir chassé, pendant trente-sept ans ; Face IIa. Le fils de celui-ci, Vijayāditya, l’illustre seigneur, pendant dix-huit ans ; Son fils Viṣṇuvardhana pendant trente-six ans ; Son fils, le roi Vijayāditya Narendra Mr̥garāja pendant quarante-huit ans ; Le fils de ce dernier, Kali Viṣṇuvardhana, pendant un an et demi ; Son fils Guṇagāṁka Vijayāditya pendant quarante-quatre ans ; Le fils du roi Vikramāditya, prince héritier, frère de ce dernier2441, le roi Cālukya Bhīma pendant trente ans ; Son fils Kollabhigaṇḍa Vijayāditya pendant six mois ; Le fils de celui-ci, Ammarāja, pendant sept ans ;

I
Après avoir chassé aisément son fils Vijayāditya, alors qu’il était enfant, l’invincible roi Tāla a obtenu la terre pendant un mois ;

(15–16) Après avoir vaincu ce dernier, le fils de Cālukya Bhīma, Vikramāditya a protégé la terre pendant onze mois ; Ensuite le fils du roi Tāla, Yuddhamalla pendant sept ans ;

II
Après avoir vaincu et repoussé au combat ce dernier hors du royaume, pareil à Arjuna, ayant réduit les autres prétendants pleins d’orgueil à l’état de constellations noyées dans les rayons du soleil, comme le détenteur du Vajra sur le firmament puissant, le frère cadet d’Ammarāja, Bhīma, qui a la vaillance de Bhīma, a régné sur la terre pendant douze ans,
III
de ce dernier, manifestation de Maheśvara,6 et de Lokamahādevī, dont l’aspect était semblable à celui d’Umā, pareil à Kumāra, naquit le nommé Ammarāja.
IV
Il est pour les poètes et les chantres l’arbre combleur de vœux, pour les brahmanes, les ascètes, les malheureux, les aveugles et les amis il est la vache céleste, pour la foule des solliciteurs la pierre combleuse de désirs, joyau parmi les rois par son grand et puissant éclat, il est le joyau du jour.

(21–22) Celui-ci, refuge de l’univers entier, l’illustre Vijayāditya, grand roi, roi des rois , premier seigneur, illustre seigneur, ayant convoqué tous les chefs de familles de la circonscription de Gudrāvāra, les rāṣṭrakūṭa en tête, ordonne ceci :

(22–25) Le roi Amma, grand roi des rois, a donné un terrain au fils de celle qui se nomme Pammavā, elle qui fait prospérer la couronne, à Yuvarāja Ballaladeva Velābhaṭa, qui porte le nom de Boddiya, * * * au sud du village nommé Pāṁbaṟṟu.

(25–30) Les limites de ces deux terrains sont :7 à l’est un étang, au sud l’étang de Raṭṭedi, à l’ouest le * * *8 du terrain de Sugumma, au nord le pannasa à l’est du terrain de Velpur, à l’est le pannasa de Dāmadiya, au sud Pedda-trova, à l’ouest Yeru, au nord le pannasa de Gaṇṭhaśālaya * * * yyari, La maison et le terrain : à l’est le * * *9 de Badirāla, au sud le * * *10 de Teṇ * * * ṭama, à l’ouest le * * *11 de Jiṁvarakṣa , au nord la place du village.

(30–31) Aucune charge ne doit lui être imposée, celui qui en impose est lié aux cinq grands crimes. Vyāsa a dit ceci :

V
beaucoup ont donné une terre, beaucoup l’ont protégée celui qui possède une terre en possède le fruit.

Commentary

Bibliography

Edited, probably from the original plates, by Robert Sewell (1879, pp. 73–76, № 1), with a translation, without facsimile. The present edition encoded by Dániel Balogh follows Sewell in all diplomatic particulars, since no facsimile of the inscription is forthcoming, but deviates from it in editorial practice, namely in supplying avagrahas and some punctuation.

Primary

[RS] Sewell, Robert. 1879. “Two eastern Chalukya copperplate grants.” IA 8, pp. 73–80. Pages 73–76, item 1.

Notes

  1. 1. I translate my conjecture here; see the apparatus to line 22.
  2. 2. Velā-bhaṭas, probably meaning soldiers of the borderland, are also mentioned in the Guṇḍugolanu grant of Amma II.
  3. 3. Throughout this section I translate on the basis of Sewell’s translation of the Telugu phrases, augmented with some items of vocabulary gleaned from related inscriptions. The phrase cenu-garusu seems to be synonymous to pola-garusu. The Raṭṭedi field may perhaps be read as or emended to raṭṭoḍi, “the overseer’s field.”
  4. 4. Pannasa is an obscure term that may mean land held in some sort of tenure. See Sircar 1966, s.v. pannasa.
  5. 5. Here, probably, begin the boundaries of the second field granted, the domicile plot being in addition to the two cultivable fields.
  6. 6. Śiva. Figure de l’arthaśleṣa : le terme Maheśvara a deux référents, le roi et Śiva. Une essence identique est actualisée par deux référents réels.
  7. 7. Nous reprenons les traductions des mots telugu établies par l’éditeur.
  8. 8. Le sens du mot garusu nous échappe.
  9. 9. Le sens des mots « majjaya » et « paṭu » nous échappe.
  10. 10. Le sens du mot « paṭu » nous échappe.
  11. 11. Même remarque que plus haut.