Kōvintapputtūr (Govindapputtūr), Gaṅgājaṭādhara temple, time of Parakesarivarman, year 10

Editors: Valérie Gillet, Emmanuel Francis.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSTamilNadu00513.

Summary: On the eastern wall section of the southern façade, lowest inscription. 10th regnal year of Kōpparakesarivarman = probably Uttamacōḻa (circa 981 CE). In continuation of the line 4, there is a description of another four lines of a land containing catirattu, vāykkal, kaṇṇāṟṟu, directions, etc. It does not seem to be connected, although it is the same writing.

Hand description:

Language: Tamil.

Repository: Tamil Nadu (varia) (tfa-tamilnadu-epigraphy).

Version: 2025-07-16 14:38 (945c2a7), last modified 2025-06-30 19:18 (afbf92f).

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī

kō-p-para-kēcar(i)-pa(n)ma⟨r⟩kku yāṇṭu 10-Āvatu

vaṭa-karai-brahma(de)(yam) per[i]⟨ya⟩ śrī-vāṉavaṉ-mahādev[i]-ca(tu)⟨2⟩⟨r⟩vveti-maṅkalattu [śrī]-vijaiya-maṅkalattu mah¿a?⟨ā⟩-devaṟku ¿ś?⟨c⟩antrātitta(va)l nontā-viḷakkukku Aṭikaḷ paḻu⌈⟨3⟩vēṭṭaraiyar maṟavaṅ ka(ṇ)ṭaṉār kaṉmi kuṉṟa-k-kūṟṟattu Aṟaṇi-nallūr-uṭaiya maṉa-p-perumai c¿ū?⟨u⟩vāmi-y-āṉa kuṉṟa-nāṭṭu ⟨4⟩ kaṇṭa-p-perun-tiṇai vaitta Āṭu toṇṇūṟum

panmāyēśvara-rakṣai

Apparatus

⟨3⟩ maṉapperumai SII ⬦ maṉpperumai G.

Translation by Gillet 2024

(1) Fortune! Prosperity!

(1) [This is the] 10th year of Kōpparakesarivarman.

(1–4) To Mahādeva (mahadeva, that is, mahādeva) of Śrī Vijaiyamaṅkalam of the big Śrī Vāṉavaṉ-mahādevi-caturvedimaṅgalam, a brahmadeya of the northern bank, for a perpetual lamp (nontāviḷakkukku), as long as the sun and the moon endure (śantrātittaval, that is, cantrātittaval), an officer (kaṉmi) of Aṭikaḷ Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyar Maṟavaṉ Kaṇṭaṉār, lord (uṭaiya) of Aṟaṇinallūr of Kuṉṟakūṟṟam, Maṉpperumaicūvāmi alias Kaṇṭapperuntiṇai¹ of Kuṉṟanāṭu, gave (vaitta) ninety (toṇṇūṟum) goats (āṭu).

(4) [This is under the] protection of the Panmāheśvaras.

Bibliography

Reported in ARIE 1928-1929 (ARIE/1928-1929/B/1928-1929/173).

Edited in Srinivasa Rao et al. 1967 (SII 19.273). Edited and translated in Gillet 2024, based on autopsy and photographs (by Valérie Gillet, 2018).

This digital edition by Valérie Gillet and Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

[SII] Srinivasa Rao, G.V., Dines Chandra Sircar and G.S. Gai. 1967. South-Indian inscriptions. Volume XIX: Inscriptions of Parakesarivarman. South Indian Inscriptions 19. Delhi: Archaeological survey of India (Manager of Publications). Pages 136–137, item 273.

[G] Gillet, Valérie. 2024. Minor Majesties: The Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyars and their South Indian Kingdom of Paḻuvūr, 9th-11th centuries A.D. New York: Oxford University Press. [URL]. Page 269, item 146.

Secondary

Gillet, Valérie. 2023. “Constructing temple, constructing power: Temple reconstruction process in 10th-century Tamil-speaking South with special emphasis on Govindapputtur.” In: The Routledge Handbook of Hindu Temples. By Himanshu Prabha Ray, Salila Kulshreshtha and Uthara Suvrathan. London: Routledge India, pp. 57–95. [URL]. Page 75, item 3.

ARIE 1928-1929. Annual report on epigraphy for the year 1928-1929. Edited by S. V. Viswanatha. Madras: Government Press, [1930]. Page TBC, appendixes B/1928-1929, item 173.

Notes

1. An accountant.

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<p>On the eastern wall section of the southern façade, lowest inscription. 10th regnal year of Kōpparakesarivarman = probably Uttamacōḻa (<foreign>circa</foreign> 981 CE). In continuation of the line 4, there is a description of another four lines of a land containing <foreign>catirattu</foreign>, <foreign>vāykkal</foreign>, <foreign>kaṇṇāṟṟu</foreign>, directions, etc. It does not seem to be connected, although it is the same writing.</p>

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<lb n="1"/><hi rend="grantha">svasti śrī</hi>

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panmāyē<hi rend="grantha">śvara-rakṣai</hi>

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<p n="1">Fortune! Prosperity!</p>

<p n="1"><supplied reason="subaudible">This is the</supplied> 10th year of Kōpparakesarivarman.</p>

<p n="1-4">To Mahādeva <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mahadeva</foreign>, that is, <foreign>mahādeva</foreign></supplied> of Śrī Vijaiyamaṅkalam of the big Śrī Vāṉavaṉ-mahādevi-caturvedimaṅgalam, a <foreign>brahmadeya</foreign> of the northern bank, for a perpetual lamp <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nontāviḷakkukku</foreign></supplied>, as long as the sun and the moon endure <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>śantrātittaval</foreign>, that is, <foreign>cantrātittaval</foreign></supplied>, an officer <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kaṉmi</foreign></supplied> of Aṭikaḷ Paḻuvēṭṭaraiyar Maṟavaṉ Kaṇṭaṉār, lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> of Aṟaṇinallūr of Kuṉṟakūṟṟam, Maṉpperumaicūvāmi alias Kaṇṭapperuntiṇai<note>An accountant.</note> of Kuṉṟanāṭu, gave <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vaitta</foreign></supplied> ninety <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>toṇṇūṟum</foreign></supplied> goats <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>āṭu</foreign></supplied>.

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