SII 3.110: original edition by H. Krishna Sastri

Alternative title: “XI.—INSCRIPTIONS OF PARAKESARIVARMAN PARANTAKA I. No. 110.—ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE CENTRAL SHRINE IN THE MADHUVANESVARA TEMPLE AT TIRUKKALAVUR. No. 37 of 1910.”

Author of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: This record which is dated in the 39th year of Parakēsarivarman (Parāntaka I.) ‘who took Madirai and Īḻam’ registers a gift of land by a maid-servant of queen Villavaṉ-Mahādēviyār. The recipient of the gift is not mentioned but must be the Śiva temple of Tirumullainātha at Tirukkaḷāvūr, on whose wall the inscription is engraved.

Language: Tamil (tam) [Grantha (grantha), Tamil (tamil)].

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0110.

File path: SII03/DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0110.xml.

Version: 2026-03-06 12:20 (56e9cef), last modified 2026-02-19 18:11 (f4d92e6).

Edition

⟨1⟩ (svasti śrī) [||] matiraikoṇṭa koppara-
⟨2⟩ kecaripaṉma⟨r⟩kku yāṇṭu ~ m ¿I?ḻamu⟨ṅ⟩ko-
⟨3⟩ ṇṭa ~ 3 10 9 Āvatu vaṭakar(ai)ppāmpū-
⟨4⟩ (r)nāṭṭu tevatāṉam tirukkuṭamukkilpā-
⟨5⟩ (l) karukā(vūrppa)raṭaiyom nampirāṭṭiy¿o?r vi(lla)-
⟨6⟩ vaṉmāteviy(ā)r peṇṭā¿ṭiṭ? nakkaṉ vikkiramā(pa)raṇi
⟨7⟩ I⟨v⟩vū⟨r⟩k kā(ṇi)Uṭaiya koṟṟaṅkuṭā¿ka? vaiykunta-
⟨8⟩ ¿m? pāṇṭaṉiṭ(ai) vilaikoṇṭu kuḷaṅ (ka)lliṉa pā-
⟨9⟩ (ḻ)muṭṭi(kā)lu(m) I(ṟai)kuḷamāka kalli I ni(lam Iv)-
⟨10⟩ (vū)r naṭai Iraṇṭoṉṟāy viḷaittu � � Ar(ai)kkāl
⟨11⟩ (ce)yum Ūrmel¿aiy? Iṟai{ṟa} Eṟṟikkoṇ(ṭu) Iñilam
⟨12⟩ [*] � � � Araikkālum paṟaṭaiyom per¿a?l Ēṟṟikko(ṇ)-
⟨13⟩ (ṭu) Iññilattukkuk kaiyyile 5 <kaḻañcu> Ippoṉ Ai(ṅ)ka-
⟨14⟩ ḻ(ai)¿nt?um koṇṭu Iññilam cantrātittaval IṟaiIli-
⟨15⟩ y(āka) kaṉmel veṭṭikkuṭuttom paraṭaiyom Itaṟ(ṟi)ṟam-
⟨16⟩ pil paraṭaiyom¿ai? 100 <kaḻañcu> poṉṟaṇṭa m¿a?ṟuttut taṉiccut taṭu(p)pā-
⟨17⟩ raiyum perāl 5 10 <kaḻañcu> Aimpatiṉ kaḻaiñcu poṉ ṟaṇṭam¿a?ṟuppittu-
⟨18⟩ p piṉṉaiyum Ikkāṟceyyum IṟaiI(li)yāka kaṉmel veṭ-
⟨19⟩ ṭi Ikkāṟceyyum IṟaiIliyāka Ūrmeleṟṟi Iṟai Iṟuppomā-
⟨20⟩ ṉom paraṭaiyom [|] I¿dh?dha¿m?a{ta}m rakṣitt¿a?r śrīpāda{m}meṉṟalai mel I-
⟨21⟩ vai paṉmāheśvararum paṉmāheśvarapperumakkaḷum rakṣai [||]

Apparatus

⟨2⟩ m Iḻamuko⟨3⟩ṇṭa • Read m Īḻamuṅkoṇṭa and insert these syllables after koṇṭa in line 1 correcting that ṭa into ṭu. — ⟨2⟩ vaṭakarai • The ai-sign of rai is expressed by three rings and a stroke which make it look like a ṇa.

⟨6⟩ peṇṭāṭṭi • The original has ṭiṭ instead of ṭṭi.

⟨7⟩ koṟṟaṅkuṭāka • Read koṟṟaṅkuṭāṉ, i.e., koṟṟaṅkuṭi yuṭaiyāṉ.

⟨10⟩ Iraṇṭoṉṟāy • The length of ṟa is denoted by a separate symbol. — ⟨10⟩ Arai • The ai-sign of rai is expressed by three rings and a stroke which make it look like a ṇa.

⟨11⟩ Ūrmelaiy Iṟaiṟa • Read mēlē iṟai.

⟨13⟩ kaḻañcu • Expressed by the symbol �.

⟨20⟩ Idhdhamatam • Read Iddharmmam.

Translation by Krishna Sastri 1920

Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 39th year of (the reign of) king Parakēsarivarman, who took Madirai (Madura) and Īḻam (Ceylon), we, the members of the assembly (paraḍai) of Karugāvūr near (pāl) Tirukkuḍamūkkil which was a dēvadāna in Vaḍagarai Pāmbūr-nāḍu (received) one quarter (of) Pāḻmuṭṭi (land) with a tank dug (in it) which Nakkaṉ Vikramābharaṇi, a palace maid-servant (peṇḍāṭṭi) of queen Villavaṉ-Mahādēviyār, had purchased from Vaikundaṉ Pāṇḍaṉ of Koṟṟaṅguḍi, one of the landlords of this village. Converting (the tank) into an iṟaikuḷam, we, the members of the assembly had this land cultivated (on the terms) two to one¹ , obtaining in this village; charged the tax of² . . . one-eighth śey to the village and charged (the tax on the remaining) one-eighth of this land to the members of the assembly and receiving in our hands this (5) five kaḻañju of gold for this land (from her), made this land tax-free as long as the moon and the sun (exist) and got (this deed) engraved on stone. If we fail (to act according to) this (decision), we, (the members) of the assembly ourselves shall pay a fine of 100 kaḻañju of gold and shall (also) cause to be paid a fine of 50 kaḻañju of gold by each of the persons who individually obstruct (this order). Even then (i.e., even after paying the fine) we, the members of the assembly, shall have this one-fourth śey engraved on stone as tax-free (land) imposing (the taxes of) this one-fourth śey of tax-free land on the village and paying the taxes ourselves. The sacred feet of those who protect this charity shall be on our heads. (The assembly of) all Māhēśvaras and the great men of all Māhēśvaras shall protect (this charity).³

Bibliography

Digital edition of SII 3.110 by Krishna Sastri 1920 converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

[SII] Krishna Sastri, H. 1920. South-Indian inscriptions. Volume III: Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil country. Part III: Inscriptions of Aditya I, Parantaka I, Madiraikonda, Rajakesarivarman, Parantaka II, Uttama-Chola, Parthivendravarman and Aditya-Karikala and the Tiruvalangadu plates of Rajendra-Chola I. South Indian Inscriptions 3.3. Madras: Government Press. Pages 244–245, item 110.

Notes

1. Here is a reference evidently to a system of contract by which two shares of the produce were assigned to the landlord and one to the cultivator or vice versa.
2. The symbols used here for land measurement are not intelligible. If they are taken to denote 1/8th śey of land immediately after, we find the same 1/8th as explained represented by a different group of symbols lower down.
3. The Māhēśvaras and Māhēśvarapperumakkaḷ may denote different bodies. The latter may be the lay disciples of the former.

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<title>SII 3.110: original edition by H. Krishna Sastri</title>

<title type="alt">XI.—INSCRIPTIONS OF PARAKESARIVARMAN PARANTAKA I. No. 110.—ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE CENTRAL SHRINE IN THE MADHUVANESVARA TEMPLE AT TIRUKKALAVUR. No. 37 of 1910.</title>

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<p>This record which is dated in the 39th year of <hi rend="bold">Parakēsarivarman</hi> (Parāntaka I.) ‘who took <hi rend="bold">Madirai</hi> and <hi rend="bold">Īḻam</hi>’ registers a gift of land by a maid-servant of queen <hi rend="bold">Villavaṉ-Mahādēviyār</hi>. The recipient of the gift is not mentioned but must be the Śiva temple of Tirumullainātha at <hi rend="bold">Tirukkaḷāvūr</hi>, on whose wall the inscription is engraved.</p>

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<lb n="12"/> <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> � � � Araikkālum paṟaṭaiyom per<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>l Ēṟṟikko<unclear>ṇ</unclear>

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<lem>m Iḻamuko

<note>Read <foreign>m Īḻamuṅkoṇṭa</foreign> and insert these syllables after <foreign>koṇṭa</foreign> in line 1 correcting that <foreign>ṭa</foreign> into <foreign>ṭu</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<lem>vaṭakarai</lem>

<note>The <foreign><hi rend="italic">ai</hi></foreign>-sign of <foreign>rai</foreign> is expressed by three rings and a stroke which make it look like a <foreign>ṇa</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<lem>peṇṭāṭṭi</lem>

<note>The original has <foreign>ṭiṭ</foreign> instead of <foreign>ṭṭi</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<lem>koṟṟaṅkuṭāka</lem>

<note>Read <foreign>koṟṟaṅkuṭāṉ</foreign>, <hi rend="italic">i.e.</hi>, <foreign>koṟṟaṅkuṭi yuṭaiyāṉ</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<lem>Iraṇṭoṉṟāy</lem>

<note>The length of <foreign>ṟa</foreign> is denoted by a separate symbol.</note>

</app><app loc="10">

<note>The <foreign><hi rend="italic">ai</hi></foreign>-sign of <foreign>rai</foreign> is expressed by three rings and a stroke which make it look like a <foreign>ṇa</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<lem>Ūrmelaiy Iṟaiṟa</lem>

</app>

<lem>kaḻañcu</lem>

<note>Expressed by the symbol �.</note>

</app>

<lem>I<hi rend="grantha">dhdhama</hi>tam</lem>

<note>Read <foreign>I<hi rend="grantha">ddharmma</hi>m</foreign>.</note>

</app>

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<p>Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 39th year of (<hi rend="italic">the reign of</hi>) king <hi rend="bold">Parakēsarivarman</hi>, who took <hi rend="bold">Madirai</hi> (Madura) and <hi rend="bold">Īḻam</hi> (Ceylon), we, the members of the assembly (<hi rend="italic">paraḍai</hi>) of <hi rend="bold">Karugāvūr</hi> near (<hi rend="italic">pāl</hi>) <hi rend="bold">Tirukkuḍamūkkil</hi> which was a <hi rend="italic">dēvadāna</hi> in <hi rend="bold">Vaḍagarai Pāmbūr-nāḍu</hi> (<hi rend="italic">received</hi>) one quarter (<hi rend="italic">of</hi>) Pāḻmuṭṭi (<hi rend="italic">land</hi>) with a tank dug (<hi rend="italic">in it</hi>) which <hi rend="bold">Nakkaṉ Vikramābharaṇi</hi>, a palace maid-servant (<hi rend="italic">peṇḍāṭṭi</hi>) of queen <hi rend="bold">Villavaṉ-Mahādēviyār</hi>, had purchased from <hi rend="bold">Vaikundaṉ Pāṇḍaṉ</hi> of <hi rend="bold">Koṟṟaṅguḍi</hi>, one of the landlords of this village. Converting (<hi rend="italic">the tank</hi>) into an <hi rend="italic">iṟaikuḷam</hi>, we, the members of the assembly had this land cultivated (<hi rend="italic">on the terms</hi>) two to one<note>Here is a reference evidently to a system of contract by which two shares of the produce were assigned to the landlord and one to the cultivator or <hi rend="italic">vice versa</hi>.</note> , obtaining in this village; charged the tax of<note>The symbols used here for land measurement are not intelligible. If they are taken to denote 1/8th <hi rend="italic">śey</hi> of land immediately after, we find the same 1/8th as explained represented by a different group of symbols lower down.</note> . . . one-eighth <hi rend="italic">śey</hi> to the village and charged (<hi rend="italic">the tax on the remaining</hi>) one-eighth of this land to the members of the assembly and receiving in our hands this (5) five <hi rend="italic">kaḻañju</hi> of gold for this land (<hi rend="italic">from her</hi>), made this land tax-free as long as the moon and the sun (<hi rend="italic">exist</hi>) and got (<hi rend="italic">this deed</hi>) engraved on stone. If we fail (<hi rend="italic">to act according to</hi>) this (<hi rend="italic">decision</hi>), we, (<hi rend="italic">the members</hi>) of the assembly ourselves shall pay a fine of 100 <hi rend="italic">kaḻañju</hi> of gold and shall (<hi rend="italic">also</hi>) cause to be paid a fine of 50 <hi rend="italic">kaḻañju</hi> of gold by each of the persons who individually obstruct (<hi rend="italic">this order</hi>). Even then (<hi rend="italic">i.e.</hi>, even after paying the fine) we, the members of the assembly, shall have this one-fourth <hi rend="italic">śey</hi> engraved on stone as tax-free (<hi rend="italic">land</hi>) imposing (<hi rend="italic">the taxes of</hi>) this one-fourth <hi rend="italic">śey</hi> of tax-free land on the village and paying the taxes ourselves. The sacred feet of those who protect this charity shall be on our heads. (<hi rend="italic">The assembly of</hi>) all <hi rend="italic">Māhēśvaras</hi> and the great men of all <hi rend="italic">Māhēśvaras</hi> shall protect (<hi rend="italic">this charity)</hi>.<note>The <hi rend="italic">Māhēśvaras</hi> and <hi rend="italic">Māhēśvarapperumakkaḷ</hi> may denote different bodies. The latter may be the lay disciples of the former.</note> </p>

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<p>Digital edition of SII 3.110 by <bibl><ptr target="bib:KrishnaSastri1920_01"/></bibl> converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.</p>

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