SII 3.28: original edition by Eugen Julius Theodor Hultzsch

Alternative title: “IV.—INSCRIPTIONS AT MANIMANGALAM. No. 28.—ON THE NORTH AND WEST WALLS OF THE SHRINE IN THE RAJAGOPALA-PERUMAL TEMPLE.”

Author of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: This inscription is dated in the 29th year of Rājakēsarivarman, alias Rājādhirājadēva, surnamed Jayaṅkoṇḍa-Chōḷa (l. 7).1 It opens with a panegyrical account of the king’s deeds. The text of this passage has been settled by comparison with the corresponding introductions of three other inscriptions, viz.—

  • 1. Tk. = an inscription of the 29th year in the Śvētāraṇyēśvara temple at Tiruveṇkāḍu in the Tanjore district (No. 114 of 1896).

  • 2. Tr. = an inscription of the 31st year in the Ādhipurīśvara temple at Tiruvoṟṟiyūr near Madras (No. 107 of 1892).

  • 3. Tai. = an inscription of the 32nd year in the Pañchanadēśvara temple at Tiruvaiyāṟu near Tanjore (No. 221 of 1894).

Among the achievements of Rājādhirāja the subjoined inscription mentions that he “destroyed the palace of the Chalukya king in the city of Kampili” (l. 6). As I have said before,2 this statement enables us to identify Rājādhirāja with the king who, according to the Kaliṅgattu-Paraṇi (viii. 26), “planted a pillar of victory at Kampili,” and to place his reign immediately after that of Rājēndra-Chōḷa I. and before that of Parakēsarivarman, alias Rājēndradēva. Rājēndra-Chōḷa I. ascended the throne in A.D. 1001-2 and reigned until at least A.D. 1032.3 An inscription at Miṇḍigal proves that Rājādhirāja’s anointment to the throne took place in A.D. 1018.4 This would be about the 17th year of the reign of his predecessor Rājēndra-Chōḷa I. Consequently, Rājādhirāja appears to have been the co-regent of the latter and cannot have exercised independent royal functions before the death of the other. It is in perfect accordance with this conclusion that his inscription which have been discovered so far are all dated in the later years of his reign, viz. between the 26th and 32nd years.

The introduction of the subjoined inscription states that Rājādhirāja appointed seven of his relatives to be governors over the Chēra, Chalukya, Pāṇḍya and Gaṅga countries, the island of Ceylon, the Pallava country, and Kanyakubja (l. 1). This statement is evidently exaggerated, at least as far as it refers to the Chalukya dominions and Kanyakubja.5 Next are mentioned three Pāṇḍya kings (l. 1f.). The first of them, Mānābharaṇa, was decapitated; the second, Vīra-Kēraḷa, was trampled down by an elephant; and the third, Sundara-Pāṇḍya, was expelled to Mullaiyūr. Further, Rājādhirāja killed an unnamed king of Vēṇāḍu, i.e. Travancore, and three princes of Irāmaguḍam (?). Having routed the Chēra king, he followed the example of his ancestor Rājarāja I. in destroying the ships at Kāndaḷūr-Śālai6 (l. 2f.).

Then followed a victorious war against Āhavamalla, Vikki, Vijayāditya and Śāṅgamayaṉ, which was led by a general named Kēvudaṉ, and in the course of which two of Āhavamalla’s officers, named Gaṇḍappayaṉ and Gaṅgādhara, were killed and the city of Koḷḷippākkai7 was set on fire (l. 3 f.). Koḷḷippākkai or, in Kanarese, Koḷḷipāke was included in the territory of the Western Chālukyas,8 and Āhavamalla, Vikki and Vijayāditya are identical with the Western Chālukya king Āhavamalla-Sōmēśvara I. (A.D. 1044 and 1068) and two of his sons, Vikramāditya VI. (A.D. 1055-56 and 1076 to 1126) and Vishṇuvardhana-Vijayāditya (A.D. 1064 to 1074).9

The next of Rājādhirāja’s expeditions cost their crowns to four kings of Ceylon, viz. Vikramabāhu, Vikrama-Pāṇḍya, Vīra-Śalāmēgaṉ, and Śrīvallabha Madanarāja (l. 4 f.). The second of these is said to have ruled over the southern Tamiḻ country before taking possession of Ceylon, the third to have originally ruled over Kanyakubja, and the fourth to have taken refuge with a certain Kṛishṇa. Worst of all fared Vīra-Śalāmēgaṉ. The Chōḷa king seized his elder sister and his daughter (or wife)10 and cut off the nose of his mother, and the Ceylon king himself fell in battle. An independent and somewhat different account of these struggles is given in the 56th chapter of the Mahāvaṁsa,11 which mentions successively the reigns of Vikramabāhu, who is supposed to have reigned from A.D. 1037 to 1049, Vikrama-Pāṇḍu (A.D. 1052 to 1053), Jagatipāla (A.D. 1053 to 1057), and Parākrama-Pāṇḍu (A.D. 1057 to 1059). Of Jagatipāla it is said that he came from the city of Ayōdhyā, that the Chōḷas slew him in battle, and that they carried his queen and his daughter to the Chōḷa country. As the two first names, Vikramabāhu and Vikrama-Pāṇḍya, are the same in Rājādhirāja’s inscriptions and in the Mahāvaṁsa, we may identify Jagatipāla with Vīra-Śalāmēgaṉ, who came from Kanyakubja, who was killed by the Chōḷas, and whose elder sister and daughter were carried away by them. It remains uncertain whether he was a native of Kanyakubja (Kanauj) or Ayōdhyā, as stated respectively in Rājādhirāja’s inscriptions and in the Mahāvaṁsa. The fourth king, Śrīvallabha12 Madanarāja, is perhaps the same as the Parākrama-Pāṇḍu of the Mahāvaṁsa, who is said to have been killed by the Chōḷas.

On a second raid to the north Rājādhirāja defeated four chiefs, whose names are given, but whom I cannot identify, and destroyed the palace of the Chalukya king at Kampili (l. 5 f.), a place in the Hosapēṭe tāluka of the Bellary district, which is also mentioned in a Western Chālukya inscription.13

As I have stated before (p. 39 above), Rājādhirāja was the elder brother of his successor Parakēsarivarman, alias Rājēndradēva, and met with his death in the battle of Koppam. Hence I suspect that it is Rājādhirāja who is meant in a Western Chālukya inscription of A.D. 1071 at Aṇṇīgere in the Dhārwār district, which states that “the wicked Chōḷa, who had abandoned the religious observances of his family, penetrated into the Beḷvola country and burned the Jaina temples which Gaṅga-Permāḍi, the lord of the Gaṅga-maṇḍala, while governing the Beḷvola province, had built in the Aṇṇīgere-nāḍu,” and that “the Chōḷa eventually yielded his head to Sōmēśvara I. in battle, and thus, losing his life, broke the succession of his family.”14 “The record adds that the temples were subsequently restored by the Maṇḍalika Lakshmadēva.”15

According to Professor Kielhorn’s calculation,16 the date of this inscription (l. 7 f.) corresponds to Wednesday, the 3rd December A.D. 1046. On this day the villagers made over to the temple 2,200 kuḻi of land and received in exchange 100 kāśu from the temple treasury.

Language: Tamil (tam) [Grantha (grantha), Tamil (tamil)].

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0028.

File path: SII03/DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0028.xml.

Version: (aa17590), last modified (20f8887).

Edition

⟨1⟩ ⁓∥ svasti śrī ∥⁓ ti(ṅ)kaḷertaru ta(ṉ)ṟoṅkalveṇkuṭaik=k¿i?ḻ nilamakaṇilava malar⟨ma⟩(ka)ṭpuṇarn=tu ceṅkolocci(k)karu(ṅka)li kaṭin=tu taṉ ciṟiya(t)ātaiyu(n=ti)ruttamaiyaṉuṅ kuṟikoḷ taṉniḷaṅkokkaḷaiyum neṟiyuṇar taṉṟirup(pu)talvartammai(yun=tu)ṉṟiyateṟu(ci)l vāṉavaṉ ma(l)lan m¿i?ṉa(va)ṉ kaṅkanilaṅkaiyaṟ(ki)ṟaivaṉ p¿u?laṅkaḻaṟpa(l)lavaṉ ka(ṉ)ṉakucciyar kā(va)laneṉappoṉṉa(ṇi)ccuṭarmaṇimakuṭa⟨ñ⟩ cūṭṭippaṭa(r)pukaḻ(ā)ṅkavarkkavar nāṭaḷi pāṅkuṟu teṉṉa m¿u?(va)ruḷ māṉāparaṇaṉ poṉmuṭiĀnāpparumaṇi-

⟨2⟩ ppacun=talai (p)orukaḷattarin=tu vāḷaviyakaḻal v¿i?rakeraḷaṉai muṉaivayiṟpiṭittu taṉativā(ra)ṇakkatakkaḷiṟṟā(ṉu)taippit(ta)ruḷi An=tamilperumpukaḻccun=tarapāṇṭiyaṉ koṟṟa(v)e(ṇ)kuṭaiy¿a(ṅ)? kaṟ¿(ṟa)?veṇkavariyum ciṅkātaṉamum veṅkaḷattiḻan=tu taṉ muṭi viḻa(t)talai virittaṭi taḷarn=toṭattollaip mullai(yū)rttura(t)ti Olakalil veṇāṭṭaraicai ceṇāṭṭotukki mevupukaḻirāmakuṭam¿u?var keṭa muṉin=tu viṭal(k)eḻu villava(ṉ) kuṭa(r)maṭikkoṇṭu taṉṉā-

⟨3⟩ ṭu viṭṭoṭik(kā)ṭu pu⟨⟨(k)⟩⟩koḷippa vañciyamputumalar malain=tāṅkeñcalil velaikeḻu kān=taḷ¿u?rcālai kalamaṟuttāha(va)mallaṉumañca kevutaṉṟāṅka(ru)m paṭaiyālā(ṅ)kavaṉ ṉaiyi(ṟ)kaṇṭappayaṉuṅkaṅkātaraṉum vaṇṭamar kaḷiṟṟoṭu maṭiyat(ti)ṇṭiṟal virutar{ai} vikkiyum vicaiyātittaṉuṅkaru(mu)raṭcāṅkamayaṉumu(ta)li(ṉa)r ¿sa?marap¿i?ruvottuṭaiya (vi)ricuṭarppoṉṉoṭayaṅkarippuravi(y)oṭum piṭittu ta(ṉ)ṉāṭaiyiṟjayaṅko-

⟨4⟩ ṇṭoṉ(ṉā)r koḷḷi(p)pākkai Uḷḷeri maṭuppittorutaṉittaṇṭāṟporukaṭalilaṅkaiyar ko(m)āṉ vikkiramabāhuvi(ṉ) makuṭamumuṉṟaṉakkuṭ(ai)n=tu teṇṭamiḻmaṇṭalamuḻuvatumiḻanteḻkaṭal¿i?ḻam pukkavilaṅkecu⟨ra⟩nākiya vikkiramapāṇṭiya(ṉ) paruma(ṇi)makuṭamum kāṇṭaku taṉṉatākiya kaṉṉakucciyiṉumārkaliy¿i?ḻa⟨ñ⟩c¿i?riteṉṟeṇṇi Uḷaṅkoḷ taṉṉāṭu taṉṉuṟavoṭu(m) puku(n=tu) viḷaṅkumuṭi kavitta v¿i?racalāmekaṉ po-

⟨5⟩ rukaḷattañci taṉ kārkkaḷiṟiḻan=tu kavvaiyiṟaṉaṭikkātaliyoṭun=taṉṟavvaiyaippiṭittu tāyai m¿u?kkariya Āṅkavamāṉam nīṅkutaṟkāka miṭiṭum (va)n=tu viṭṭoḻil puri(n=tu) veṅkaḷattularn=tavacciṅkaḷattaraicaṉ poṉṉaṇimuṭiyuṅkaṉṉaraṉvaḻi van=tu¿r?ai ko(ḷa)viḻattaraicanākiya c¿i?rvallava mataṉarājaṉ melloḷittaṭamaṇimu(ṭi)yuṅkoṇṭu vaṭapula⟨t⟩tirukālāvatum porupaṭai naṭātti kaṇṭartiṉakaraṉ nāraṇaṉ kaṇava(ti)

⟨6⟩ vaṇṭalarteriyal maticūtaṉaṟe(ṉai)ppalavar(ai)yarai mu(ṉai)vayiṟṟuratti vampalartarupoḻil kampili(na)karuḷ caḷukkiyar māḷikai takappittiḷakatamil villavar m¿i?ṉavar veḻakular caḷukkiyar vallavar kaucalar vaṅkaṇar koṅkaṇar cin=turar Aiyyaṇar ciṅkaḷā paṅkaḷar An=tira⟨⟨(r)⟩⟩ mutaliyavaraicariṭu tiṟaikaḷumāṟiloṉṟava(ṉiyu)ḷ kūṟu koḷ poruḷkaḷumukan=tu nā(ṉ)maṟaiyavar mukan=tu ko(ḷa)kkuṭu(t)tu viśvalokattu viḷa-

⟨7⟩ (ṅ)ka maṉuneṟi niṉṟaśvametañceytaraicu v¿i?ṟṟirun=ta jayaṅ(k)oṇṭacoḻaṉuyarn=taperumpukaḻ kov¿a?rājakeśarivanmarā(ṉa) Uṭaiyār śrīrājādhirājadevaṟku yāṇṭu 2 10 9 Āvatu jayaṅkoṇṭa⟨⟨coḻama⟩⟩⟨ṇ⟩ṭalattu ceṅkāṭṭukkoṭṭattu mākaṇ¿u?nāṭṭu maṇimaṅkalamāna rājacūlāmaṇiccatu(r)vvetimaṅkalattu mah¿a?sabhaiyom me⟨m⟩m¿u?r brahmasthāṉatte dhanunāyaṟṟu pū(r)vvapakṣat(tu) dvit¿ik?aiyum putaṉkiḻamaiyum peṟṟa tiru{e}-

⟨8⟩ voṇattināḷkkūṭṭakkuṟaivaṟakkūṭiyirun=tu paṇippaṇiyāl paṇitta Ivv¿u?r śrīma⟨d·⟩dvārāpatiyāṉa śrīkāmakkoṭiviṇṇakar Āḻvār{ar}⟨k⟩ku tiruvamutukkum A(r)ccanābhogattukkum Ittevar paṇṭāratte nūṟu kācu policaikku koṇṭu Ik(kā)cu nūṟṟālum van=ta policaikku Iṟaikarattūṭ¿p?āka Iṟaiyiḻiccikkuṭutta nilamāvatu [|] perunalvatikku vaṭakku pātirikkaḻaṉi me-

⟨9⟩ laikkāluk(ku) kiḻa(k)ku viḷainilaṅkuḻi muṉṉūṟum pātirikkaḻaṉi na(ṭu)viṟkālukku meṟ{k}ku viḷainilaṅkuḻi Iruṉū(ṟu)m peru(na)lvatikku teṟku Ālaimeṭṭil maṉaiyaṟutivāykk¿ura?lukku kiḻakku viḷainilaṅkuḻi nūṟṟeṇpatum Ālai-

⟨10⟩ meṭṭil na¿n=tu?vāṉattoṭṭ¿ai?kkālukku meṟku viḷainilaṅkuḻi nāṉūṟum Ikkālukku kiḻakku viḷainilaṅkuḻi Iru(ṉūṟum) te¿tri?(ya)ma(ra)ttiṉ melaikkālukku me(ṟku vi)ḷainilaṅkuḻi muṉṉūṟum cuṇṭilerivatikk¿a? kiḻakku viḷainila-

⟨11⟩ ṅkuḻi nāṉūṟum pāvaituṟaivāykkālukku vaṭakku (ti)ruvaiyottitevar nilaṅkuḻi Iru(ṉū)ṟṟaiympatukku kiḻa(kku taṭi)yiraṇ(ṭi)nāl kuḻi Iruṉūṟum Ākattevar nilaṅkuḻi Iraṇṭāyirattiruṉūṟum Iṟaikarattūṭṭāka ¿śantri?-

⟨12⟩ rātti(t)tavaṟ niṟpatāka tiruvamutukkum A(r)ccanābhogattukkum Iṟaiyiḻicci śilālekhai ceytu kuṭuttom [∥]

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ (t)ātaiyu(n=ti)ruttamaiyaṉuṅ • Tk., Tr. and Tai. read tātaiyaiyum tiruttamaiyaṉaiyum. — ⟨1⟩ (tu)ṉṟiyateṟu(ci)l • The same inscriptions read tuṉṟeḻil. — ⟨1⟩ vāṉavaṉ ma(l)lan • The same inscriptions read vallavaṉ. — ⟨1⟩ ilaṅkaiyaṟ(ki)ṟaivaṉ • Tr. and Tai. read Ilaṅkaiyarkkiṟaivaṉ. — ⟨1⟩ nāṭaḷi • Tk. and Tai. read nāṭaruḷi. — ⟨1⟩ teṉṉa • Tk. and Tai. read teṉṉavar.

⟨2⟩ vāḷaviyakaḻal • Tk., Tr. and Tai. read vāraḷaviya. — ⟨2⟩ taṉati • Tk. and Tai. read taṉatti. — ⟨2⟩ viṭal • Tk. reads miṭal.

⟨3⟩ ṉaiyi(ṟ) • Tk. and Tai. read ceṉaiyuṭ. — ⟨3⟩ virutarai • Tk. and Tai. have viritar; read perhaps virutar.

⟨4⟩ kuṭ(ai)n=tu • Tr. reads kuṭai(n=ta). — ⟨4⟩ teṇṭamiḻ • Tk., Tr. and Tai. read teṉṟamiḻ.

⟨5⟩ miṭiṭum • Tk. and Tai. read mīṭṭu, and Tr. miṇṭum (i.e. mīṇṭum). — ⟨5⟩ kavvaiyiṟaṉaṭi • Tk. reads kavvaiyuṟṟoṭi. — ⟨5⟩ viṭṭoḻil puri(n=tu) • Tk. and Tai. read vāṭṭoḻiluḻan=tu. — ⟨5⟩ tularn=ta • Tk., Tr. and Tai. read tulan=ta. — ⟨5⟩ van=turai • Read perhaps vantuṟai. — ⟨5⟩ ko(ḷa) • Tk. and Tr. read koḷīḻa. — ⟨5⟩ vallava • Tk., Tr. and Tai. read vallavaṉ. — ⟨5⟩ melloḷi • Tk. and Tai. read Elloḷi.

⟨6⟩ maticūtaṉaṟe(ṉai) • Tr. reads ma(ti)cūta(ṉa)neṉṟe(ṉai). — ⟨6⟩ takappi • Tk. and Tai. read takarppi. — ⟨6⟩ ḷakatamil • Tk., Tr. and Tai. read ḷakkamil. — ⟨6⟩ Aiyyaṇar • Tr. and Tai. read Aiyaṇar. — ⟨6⟩ An=tira(r) • The last r is entered above the following mu.

⟨10⟩ tetri • Read tenti (?).

Translation by Hultzsch 1899

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! While the goddess of the earth was beaming under his fringed white parasol, which resembled the moon in beauty, (the king) wedded the goddess of fortune, wielded the sceptre, and destroyed the dark Kali (age).

(He) bestowed crowns of brilliant jewels, adorned with gold, on his father’s younger brother, (his) glorious elder brother, his distinguished younger brothers,17 and his royal sons who knew the (right) path, (along with the titles) ‘Vāṉavaṉ18 of great beauty,’ ‘Vallavaṉ,’19 ‘Mīṉavaṉ,’20 ‘Gaṅgaṉ,’ ‘the king of the people of Laṅkā,’ ‘Pallavaṉ (who wears) golden ankle-rings,’ (and) ‘the protector of the people of Kaṉṉakuchchi (Kanyakubja),’ and granted to these (relatives) of great renown the dominions of those (hostile kings).21

Among the three allied kings of the South (i.e. Pāṇḍyas),—(he) cut off on a battlefield the beautiful head of Mānābharaṇaṉ, (which was adorned with) large jewels (and) which was inseparable from the golden crown;22 seized in a battle Vīra-Kēraḷaṉ whose ankle-rings were wide,23 and was pleased to get him trampled down by his furious elephant Attivāraṇa;24 and drove to the ancient Mullaiyūr Sundara-Pāṇḍiyaṉ of endless great fame, who lost in a hot battle the royal white parasol, the bunches (of hairs) of the white yak, and the throne, and who ran away,—his crown dropping down, (his) hair being dishevelled, and (his) feet getting tired.

(L. 2.) (He) sent the undaunted king of Vēṇāḍu to the country of heaven and destroyed in anger the three (princes) of the famous Irāmaguḍam.

While the strong Villavaṉ (i.e. Chēra) was attacked by pains in the bowels, fled from his country and hid himself in the jungle, (the Chōḷa king) destroyed (his) ships (at) Kāndaḷūr-Śālai on the never decreasing ocean as (easily as he) would have put on a beautiful fresh flower of the vañji (tree).

(L. 3.) When even Āhavamallaṉ became afraid; when Gaṇḍappayaṉ and Gaṅgādharaṉ, (who belonged) to his army, fell along with (their) elephants (whose temples) swarmed with bees, (in a battle) with the irresistible army of Kēvudaṉ; (and) when the (two) warriors of great courage—Vikki and Vijayādityaṉ, Śāṅgamayaṉ of great strength, and others retreated like cowards,—(the Chōḷa king) seized (them) along with gold of great splendour and with horses, elephants and steeds, achieved victory in his garment,25 and caused the centre of Koḷḷippākkai, (a city) of the enemies, to be consumed by fire.

(L. 4.) With a single unequalled army (he) took the crown of Vikramabāhu, the king of the people of Laṅkā on the tempestuous ocean; the crown-of large jewels, (belonging to) the lord of Laṅkā, Vikrama-Pāṇḍiyaṉ, who, having lost the whole of the southern Tamil country which had previously belonged to him, had entered Īḻam (surrounded by) the seven oceans; the beautiful golden crown of the king of Siṁhala, Vīra-Śalāmēgaṉ, who, believing that Īḻam (surrounded by) the ocean was superior to the beautiful Kaṉṉakuchchi (Kanyakubja) which belonged to him, had entered (the island) with his relatives and (those of) his countrymen who were willing (to go with him), and had put on the brilliant crown; who, having been defeated on the battle-field and having lost his black elephant, had fled ignominiously; and who, when (the Chōḷa king) seized his elder sister along with (his) daughter26 and cut off the nose of (his) mother, had returned in order to remove the disgrace (caused) thereby, and, having fought hard with the sword, had perished in a hot battle; and the extremely brilliant crown of large jewels, (belonging to) the king of Īḻam, Śrīvallavaṉ (Śrīvallabha) Madanarājaṉ, who had come to Kaṉṉaraṉ (Kṛishṇa) and taken up (his) abode (with him).

(L. 5.) Having led for the second time a warlike army into the northern region, (the Chōḷa king) defeated in battle Gaṇḍar-Dinakaraṉ,27 Nāraṇaṉ (Nārāyaṇa), Kaṇavadi (Gaṇapati), Madiśūdaṉaṉ (Madhusūdana), (who wore) a garland of flowers (surrounded by) bees, and many other kings, and caused to be destroyed the palace of the Śaḷukkiyar28 in the city of Kampili, whose gardens diffuse fragrance.

(L. 6.) The tribute paid without remissions by the Villavar (Chēra), Mīṉavar (Pāṇḍya), Vēḻakular,29 Śaḷukkiyar (Chalukya), Vallavar,30 Kauśalar (Kōsala), Vaṅgaṇar,31 Koṅgaṇar (Koṅkaṇa), Śindurar,32 Aiyaṇar, Śiṅgaḷar (Siṁhala), Paṅgaḷar,33 Andirar (Andhra) and other kings, and the riches collected (as) the sixth share (of the produce) of the earth (he) had measured out, and gladly gave away, to those (versed in) the four Vēdas (i.e. to the Brāhmaṇas). In order to be famed in the whole world, (he) followed the path of Manu and performed the horse-sacrifice.

(L. 7.) In the 29th year (of the reign) of (this) king Rājakēsarivarman, alias the lord Śrī-Rājādhirājadēva, who was seated on the royal (throne and who had obtained) very great fame (under the name) Jayaṅkoṇḍa-Śōḻaṉ,—we, the great assembly of Maṇimaṅgalam, alias Rājaśūlāmaṇi-chaturvēdimaṅgalam, in Māgaṇūr-nāḍu, (a subdivision) of Śēṅgāṭṭu-kōṭṭam, (a district) of Jayaṅkoṇḍa-Śōḻa-maṇḍalam, being assembled, without a vacancy in the assembly,34 in the Brahmasthāna35 in our village on the day of Śravaṇa, which corresponded to a Wednesday and to the second tithi of the first fortnight of the month of Dhanus, ordered (as follows).

(L. 8.) Having received on interest one hundred kāśu from the treasury (of the temple) of Śrīmad-Dvārāpati, alias Śrī-Kāmakkōḍi-Viṇṇagar-Āḻvār in this village, (we) gave, against the interest accruing from these one hundred kāśu, for (providing) the offerings and the expenses of the worship of this god, the following land as temple land, with the enjoyment of revenue and taxes,36 (and) having exempted (it) from taxes. Three hundred kuḻi of cultivated land to the north of (the road called) Perunalvadi (and) to the east of the channel above the ‘Bignonia field’ (Pādiri-kaḻaṉi); two hundred kuḻi of cultivated land to the west of the channel in the middle of the ‘Bignonia field;’ one hundred and eighty kuḻi of cultivated land to the south of the Perunalvadi (road) (and) to the east of the Maṉaiy-aṟudi channel at (the hill called) Ālaimēḍu; four hundred kuḻi of cultivated land to the west of the channel of the temple garden at the Ālaimēḍu (hill); two hundred kuḻi of cultivated land to the east of this channel; three hundred kuḻi of cultivated land to the west of the channel on the west of the tendi tree (Croton tiglium); four hundred kuḻi of cultivated land to the east of the road to (the tank called) Śuṇḍilēri;37 and two hundred kuḻi, equal to two taḍi, to the north of the Pāvaituṟai channel (and) to the east of the two hundred and fifty kuḻi of land (of the temple) of Tiruvaiyōttidēvar;38 altogether we gave, having engraved (this) on stone, two thousand and two hundred kuḻi39 of land (to) the god, with the enjoyment of revenue and taxes, to last as long as the moon and the sun, for (providing) the offerings and the expenses of the worship, having exempted (it) from taxes.

Bibliography

Digital edition of SII 3.28 by Hultzsch 1899 converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

[SII] Hultzsch, Eugen Julius Theodor. 1899. South-Indian inscriptions. Volume III: Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil country. Part I: Inscriptions at Ukkal, Melpadi, Karuvur, Manimangalam and Tiruvallam. South Indian Inscriptions 3.1. Madras: Government Press. Pages 51–58, item 28.

Notes

  1. 1. On this title see above, Vol. II. p. 312 f.

  2. 2. Above, p. 32, and Ind. Ant. Vol. XXII. p. 142, note 5.

  3. 3. Ep. Ind. Vol. IV. p. 266.

  4. 4. Ibid. p. 216.

  5. 5. Rājādhirāja’s claim to the conquest of Kanyakubja seems to rest on the fact that he killed a king of Ceylon, who was a native of Kanyakubja; see p. 56 below.

  6. 6. Compare above, Vol. II. p. 241, note 1.

  7. 7. The same place had been taken by Rājēndra-Chōḷa I.; see above, Vol. I. p. 96, and Vol. II. p. 108.

  8. 8. See Dr. Fleet’s Kanarese Dynasties, second edition, p. 437.

  9. 9. Ibid. p. 428, Table.

  10. 10. See below, p. 56, note 6.

  11. 11. Wijesinha’s Translation, p. 91 f.

  12. 12. Two princes of the name Sirivallabha, who belong to a later period, are mentioned in chapters lix. ff. of the Mahāvaṁsa.

  13. 13. See Dr. Fleet’s Kanarese Dynasties, second edition, p. 454.

  14. 14. Ibid. p. 441.

  15. 15. Ibid. note 5, and p. 443.

  16. 16. Ep. Ind. Vol. IV. p. 217, No. 14.

  17. 17. Literally, ‘young princes.’

  18. 18. I.e. ‘the Chēra king.’

  19. 19. This is a title of the Chalukya kings.

  20. 20. I.e. ‘the Pāṇḍya king.’

  21. 21. I.e. of the Chēra, Chalukya, etc.

  22. 22. This seems to mean that the head, which had been cut off, was paraded with the crown on it.

  23. 23. vār + aḷaviya seems to mean ‘of long measure.’

  24. 24. I.e. ‘the elephant among elephants,’ or ‘warding off elephants.’ Compare Arivāraṇa, the name of the elephant of the Pallava king Paramēśvaravarman I.; above, Vol. I. p. 154.

  25. 25. This may perhaps mean that he did not undress and rest until he had caught and defeated his enemies.

  26. 26. Or ‘wife.’ Kādali means both.

  27. 27. I.e. ‘the sun among heroes.’ As dinakara and āditya are synonymous, Gaṇḍar-Dinakaraṉ is the same as Gaṇḍarāditya. This was the name of a Śilāhāra feudatory of Vikramāditya VI. and Sōmēśvara III.; see Dr. Fleet’s Kanarese Dynasties, second edition, pp. 452, 456 and 547 f. But he cannot be meant here, as he flourished about 75 years after the present inscription.

  28. 28. I.e. the Chalukya king.

  29. 29. I.e. ‘he of the elephant family.’ Perhaps the Gaṅgas are meant; see Ep. Ind. Vol. IV. p. 177 and note 9.

  30. 30. This is another name of the Chalukyas; see above, p. 55, note 20. Hence a better reading would be Pallavar.

  31. 31. The king of Vaṅga (Bengal) is probably meant.

  32. 32. This seems to refer to the king of Sindhu (Sindh).

  33. 33. Probably the same as Paṅgāḷa (Bengal) and hence synonymous with Vaṅga; see note 5 above.

  34. 34. I.e. ‘all members being present.’

  35. 35. The same term occurs in an inscription at Ukkal, p. 22 above.

  36. 36. This appears to be the meaning of iṟai-karatt-ūṭṭu.

  37. 37. This name is derived from śuṇḍil, Mimosa pudica.

  38. 38. This name means ‘the god of the holy Ayōdhyā’ and apparently refers to a temple of Rāma.

  39. 39. By adding up the preceding amounts, only 2, 180 kuḻi are arrived at; perhaps 20 kuḻi were added for rounding.