Gold Foils from the Khin Ba Mound Relic Chamber

Version: (2339b43), last modified (a38a49e).

Edition

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⟨1⟩ * siddhaM Āvijjapaccayā saṅkhāra saṅkhārapaccayā viññaṇa

⟨2⟩ viññaṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṁ _ nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṁ

⟨3⟩ saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso _ phassapaccayā vedanā _ vedanapaccayā

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⟨4⟩ taṇhā _ taṇhapaccayā Upādanā _ Upādānapaccayā bhavo _ bhavapaccayā

⟨5⟩ jāti _ jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṁ _ sokaparidevita_ duẖ(kha)do-

⟨6⟩ manassūpāyāsa sambhava(n)ti _ Evam etassa kevalassa dukkhakhandha-

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⟨7⟩ ssa samudayo _ hotī ti _ Āvijjāya tv eva Asesavirāganirodhā

⟨8⟩ saṅkhāranirodho saṅkhāranirodhā viññaṇanirodho viññaṇanirodhā

⟨9⟩ nāmarūpanirodho _ nāmarūpanirodhā _ saḷāyatananirodho _ saḷāya-

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⟨10⟩ tananirodhā _ phassanirodho _ phassanirodhā vedanānīrodho _

⟨11⟩ vedananirodhā taṇhanirodho _ taṇhanirodhā Upadānanirodho

⟨12⟩ upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho bhavanirodhā jātinirodho _

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⟨13⟩ jātinirodhā _ jarāmaraṇasokaparidevitaduẖkhadomanassūpāyā-

⟨14⟩ sa nirūjjhantī ti Evam etassa kevalassa duẖkhakhandhassa nirodho

⟨15⟩ hotī ti @@@ UdayavayabhaṅgabhayaAdinnavaniccidamuṁjatuUpekkha

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⟨16⟩ (siddham) siddha _ cattāro satipaṭthānā _ cattāro samappadhāna _ cattāro Iddhippādā

⟨17⟩ pañcindriyani pañca balāni _ satta bājñaṅgāni Ariyo Aṭṭha-

⟨18⟩ ṅgiko maggo 30 7 cattarimāni bhikkhuve tathā(ga)tassa vesārajjāni

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⟨19⟩ yehi vesārajjehi samannāgato tathā(ga)to _ Āsabhan thānaṁ paṭi-

⟨20⟩ jānāti parisāsu sihanādaṁ nadati _ (b)rahmacakkam (v)atteti

⟨21⟩ katamāni cattāri _ sammāsaṁbuddhassa te paṭijānāti _ Ime dhammā

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⟨22⟩ Anābhisaṁbuddhā ti _ tattra vata maṁ samaṇo vā _ brāhmaṇo vā _ devo vā _

⟨23⟩ māro vā _ ko ci vā lokasmiṁ sahadhammena paṭicodessantī ti

⟨24⟩ nimittam etaṁ bhikkhave na samanupassāmi _ Etaṁ pāhaṁ bhik(kh)ave nim(i)tta-

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⟨25⟩ m etaṁ _ Asamanupassanto khemāpatto _ Abhayapatto _ vesārajjāpatto

⟨26⟩ viharāmi 1 _ khīṇāsavassa te paṭijānanto _ Ime Āsavā

⟨27⟩ Aparikkhīṇā ti _ tattrā vata maṁ samaṇo vā _ brāhmaṇo vā _ devo vā _

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⟨28⟩ māro vā _ ko ci vā lokasmiṁ _ sahadhammena paṭicodessantī ti _ nimittam e-

⟨29⟩ taṁ bhikkhave na samanupassāmi _ Etaṁ pāhaṁ bhikkhave nimittaṁ Asa-

⟨30⟩ manupassanto _ khemapatto Abhayapatto vesarajjāpatto viharāmi 2

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⟨31⟩ ye kho pana te Antarāyikā dhammā vuttā te paṭisevanto nālaṁ Antara-

⟨32⟩ yāyāti tattra vata maṁ samaṇo vā _ brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro

⟨33⟩ vā ko ci vā lokasmiṁ sahadhammena paṭicodessatī ti nimittam etaṁ

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⟨34⟩ bhikkhave na samanupassāmi _ Etaṁ pāhaṁ bhikkhave nimittaṁ Asamanu-

⟨35⟩ passanto khemapatto Abhayapatto vesārajjāpatto

⟨36⟩ viharāmi 3 yassa kho pana te Atthāya dhammo desito _ so na nī-

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⟨37⟩ yati takkarassa sammadukkhakhayāyā ti _ tattra vata maṁ samaṇo vā _ (bra)hma-

⟨38⟩ ṇo ⬦ brāhmaṇo Falk 1997. vā _ devo vā māro vā _ ko ci vā lokasmiṁ sahadhammena paṭico-

⟨39⟩ dessanti ti _ nimittam etaṁ bhikkhave na samanupassāmi _ Etaṁ pāhaṁ bhikkha-

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⟨40⟩ ve nīmittaṁ Asamanupassanto khemapatto Abhayapatto viha-

⟨41⟩ rāmi Imāni kho bhikkhave _ cattāri tathāgatassa vesāra-

⟨42⟩ jjānītī ti @ katamehi bhagavā _ cuddasehi buddhañāṇe-

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⟨43⟩ hi samannāgato tathāgato _ duẖkhe ñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇaṁ _ dukkhasamudaye

⟨44⟩ ñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇaṁ 2 dukkhanirodhe ñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇaṁ 2 dukkhanirodha-

⟨45⟩ gāmini paṭipade ñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇa 4 At(th)apaṭisaṁbhide ñāṇaṁ

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⟨46⟩ buddhañāṇaṁ 5 _ dhammapaṭisaṁbhide ñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇaṁ 6 nirūtti-

⟨47⟩ paṭisaṁbhide ñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇaṁ 7 paṭibhānapaṭisabhi-

⟨48⟩ de ñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇaṁ 8 yamakapaṭiherañāṇaṁ _ buddhañāṇaṁ 9

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⟨49⟩ vehākarūṇasamāpattiyā ñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇaṁ savvaññutañāṇaṁ buddha-

⟨50⟩ ñāṇaṁ Anāvaraṇāñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇa _ Imehi bhagavā

⟨51⟩ cuddasehi buddhañāṇehi samannāgato ti ti @

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⟨52⟩ maggānaṭṭhaṅgiko seṭṭho _ saccānaṁ caturo padā _ virāgo se-

⟨53⟩ ṭṭho dhammānaṁ dīpadānaṁ cecakkhumā ti @ siṁddhaṁ _ danto dantehi

⟨54⟩ saha puraṇajaṭilehi vippamuttehi _ siṁginikasavaṇṇo rājāgahaṁ pavisi bhagavā 1

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⟨55⟩ mutto muttehi saha puraṇajaṭilehi _ sigini(kasa)vaṇṇo rājāgahaṁ pavisi bhagavā _ 2

⟨56⟩ tiṇṇo tiṇṇehi saha puraṇajaṭilehi _ vippamuttehi _ siginikavaṇṇo rājāgahaṁ pa-

⟨57⟩ visi bhagavā 3 dasabale dasavāso dasadhaṁma cupeto _ so dasasataṁparivaro rājagahaṁ pavisi bha-

⟨58⟩ gavā 4 yo dhiro sabbadhi danto suddho Appaṭipuggalo Arahaṁ sugato loke tassahaṁ parivarako ti @

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⟨59⟩ @ Iti pi so tagavā Arahaṁ saṁmāsaṁbuddho vijjācaraṇasaṁpanno sugato lokavidū Anutta(r)o

⟨60⟩ purisadaṁmasārathī satthā devāmanussānā() bundho bhagavā ti sukhi bhavatu | 5

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ 30 7See Falk’s comment on what he interprets as a closing punctuation mark on p. 63.

⟨2⟩ viññaṇapaccaviññaṇāpacca Falk 1997.

⟨8⟩ viññaṇanirodho viññaṇanirodhāviññāṇanirodho viññāṇanirodhā Falk 1997.

⟨15⟩ niccidanibbida Falk 1997. — ⟨15⟩ UpekkhaUpekkhā Falk 1997.

⟨18⟩ 30 7Schlußzeichen Falk 1997.

⟨20⟩ (v)atteti vatteti Falk 1997.

⟨37⟩ (bra)hma⟨38⟩ṇo

⟨44⟩ 23 Falk 1997.

⟨49⟩ vehāmahā Falk 1997.

⟨53⟩ ceca Falk 1997.

⟨57⟩ dasavāsodasavāsa Falk 1997.

⟨59⟩ tagavābhagavā Falk 1997. — ⟨59⟩ lokavidū Anutta(r)olokavidu Anuttano Falk 1997.

⟨60⟩ devāmanussānā() bundhodevāmanussānā buddho Falk 1997. — ⟨60⟩ | 5Schlußzeichen Falk 1997.

Commentary

18. <tathāgatassa>: the <ga> is poorly realized, approaching <ta> in shape; see line 19.

19. <tathāgato>: the <ga> is poorly realized, approaching <ta> in shape; see line 18.

20. <brahmacakkam>: for the same unusual shape of <b>, see line 37.

37. <brahmacakkam>: for the same unusual shape of <b>, see line 20.

43. <duẖkhe>: the scribe rather seems to have written <dumbe>.

Bibliography

The discovery of excerpts in Pali from the Abhidhamma and Vinaya inscribed on 20 gold leaves (in the style of palm-leaf manuscripts) was first reported in ASI. The inscription was carefully edited by Lu Pe Win in ASB. A complete Burmese transcription appears in Tha Myat [sā mrat] 1963, pp. 25–33. Luce 1985, pp. I, 139, provides an overview and a summary of earlier literature. Than Hswe [sanḥ chve] 1992 is a study of the script used for the inscription. Falk 1997 provides a Romanized transliteration with notes. Finally, Stargardt 2000, pp. 22, 24–7, includes a detailed description of “The Golden Pali Text” with commentary. Re-edited here from published photographs.

Primary

Griffiths, Arlo, Marc Miyake and Julian K. Wheatley. 2018–03–26. “Corpus of Pyu inscriptions.” Zenodo. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1207290. [URL]. Item DHARMA_INSPYU00045.

Secondary

Than Hswe [sanḥ chve]. 1991. pyū cā khaṅ bha rhve pe khyap dhāt puṁ myāḥ [Photographs of the Pyū Text of the Khin Bha Gold Leaves]. Yangon: Myanmar Literature Association.