Relief label from Borobudur’s hidden base, no. 134A (8th c. CE)

Authors of digital edition: Arlo Griffiths (argr), Hedwi Prihatmoko (hepr).

Language: Sanskrit (san) [Kawi (kawi)].

Repository: Nusantara Epigraphy (tfc-nusantara-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSIDENKBorobudurHB134A.

File path: xml/DHARMA_INSIDENKBorobudurHB134A.xml.

Version: 2026-05-13 17:13 (5e4f1dd), last modified 2026-05-08 11:09 (44a8db3).

Edition

⟨1⟩ bhogī

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ bhogī HK1 SL NJK2 ⬦ goṣṭhī HK2 NJK1.

Translation

wealthy person

Commentary

Kern’s (1917) subsequent reading goṣṭhī was corrected by Lévi (1932) to bhogī, as it corresponds to mahābhoga in the Las rnam par ’byed pa, the Ye pao tch’a pie king, and the Karmavibhaṅga written in the Koutcha language.

Bibliography

First published by Kern (1896); republished by the same author (1917) and subsequently by Krom (1927); Lévi (1932) made a critical edition by making a comparison to the Karma-Vibhaṅga text from Nepal, Tibet, and China; this digital edition based on the 1927 publication by Krom and Lévi in his 1932 publication.

Primary

[HK1] Kern, Johan Hendrik Caspar. 1896. “Over de bijschriften op het beeldhouwwerk van Boro-Boedoer.” VMKAW-L 3e reeks, 12, pp. 119–128. Page 122.

[HK2] Kern, Johan Hendrik Caspar. 1917. “Over de bijschriften op het beeldhouwwerk van Boro-Budur (± 850 A. D.)” In: Verspreide geschriften, zevende deel: inscripties van den Indischen archipel, slot; de Nāgarakṛtāgama, eerste gedeelte. ’s-Gravenhage: Nijhoff, pp. 145–156. Page 150.

[NJK1] Krom, Nicolaas Johannes. 1927. Barabudur: archaeological description, vol. I. The Hague: Nijhoff. Page 53.

[SL] Lévi, Sylvain. 1932. Mahā-karmavibhaṅga (La Grande classification des actes) et Karmavibhaṅgopadeśa (Discussion sur le MahāKarmavibhaṅga): textes sanscrits rapportés du Népal, édités et traduits avec les textes parallèles en sanscrit, en pali, en tibétain, en chinois et en koutchéen. Paris: E. Leroux. [URL]. Page 89, Tableau Comparatif, column Bb. (Panneaux de Boro-Budur), item 131-134.

[NJK2] Krom, Nicolaas Johannes. 1933. “Het Karmawibhangga op Barabuḍur.” MKAW 76, serie B, no. 8, pp. 215–283. Page 262.

Secondary

de Casparis, Johannes Gijsbertus. 1975. Indonesian palaeography: A history of writing in Indonesia from the beginnings to c. A.D. 1500. Handbuch der Orientalistik 3.4.1. Leiden: Brill. Page 32.

Fontein, Jan. 1989. The law of cause and effect in ancient Java. Verhandelingen der Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen, Afdeling Letterkunde nieuwe reeks, deel 140. Amsterdam: North-Holland. Page 61.

Reichle, Natasha. 2009. “Unfinished Business: Clues about artistic praxis from the Hidden Foot of Borobudur.” Artibus Asiae 69 (2), pp. 335–356. [URL]. Pages 352–354, Table I, item O-134.

Display Options Word Wrap Line Numbers Comments Processing Instructions

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_Schema.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>

<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_SQF.sch" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>

<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>

<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>

<title>Relief label from Borobudur's hidden base, no. 134A (8th c. CE)</title>

<resp>author of digital edition</resp>

<surname>Griffiths</surname>

</persName>

<name>Hedwi Prihatmoko</name>

</persName>

</respStmt>

</titleStmt>

<authority>DHARMA</authority>

<pubPlace>Paris, Jakarta</pubPlace>

<idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSIDENKBorobudurHB134A</idno>

<p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported

Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit

https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to

Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View,

California, 94041, USA.</p>

</licence>

</availability>

</publicationStmt>

<repository>DHARMAbase</repository>

</msIdentifier>

</msContents>

<!-- If you need to identify individual hands (EGD §7.5/) in addition to one or more paragraphs of general palaeographic description, wrap <summary> around the <p> or <p>s above, and, outside <summary>, create <handNote> elements for each hand as follows:

-->

</handDesc>

</physDesc>

</msDesc>

</sourceDesc>

</fileDesc>

<p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 809994).</p>

</projectDesc>

<p>Public URIs with the prefix bib to point to a Zotero Group Library named ERC-DHARMA whose data are open to the public.</p>

</prefixDef>

<p>Internal URIs using the part prefix to point to person elements in the <ref>DHARMA_idListMembers_v01.xml</ref> file.</p>

</prefixDef>

</listPrefixDef>

</encodingDesc>

<change who="part:hepr" when="2026-05-08">revised the commentary and the bibliography</change>

<change who="part:hepr" when="2026-02-12">revised the text, the translation, and the bibliography</change>

<change who="part:argr" when="2025-12-05">encoded the inscription</change>

</revisionDesc>

</teiHeader>

<body>

<p><lb n="1"/>bhogī</p>

</div>

<lem source="bib:Kern1896_02 bib:Levi1932_02 bib:Krom1933_02">bhogī</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Kern1917_23 bib:Krom1927_01">goṣṭhī</rdg>

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

<p>wealthy person</p>

</div>

<p>Kern’s (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Kern1917_23"/></bibl>) subsequent reading <foreign>goṣṭhī</foreign> was corrected by Lévi (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Levi1932_02"/></bibl>) to <foreign>bhogī</foreign>, as it corresponds to <foreign>mahābhoga</foreign> in the <title>Las rnam par ’byed pa</title>, the <title>Ye pao tch’a pie king</title>, and the <title>Karmavibhaṅga</title> written in the Koutcha language.</p>

</div>

<p>First published by Kern (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Kern1896_02"/></bibl>); republished by the same author (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Kern1917_23"/></bibl>) and subsequently by Krom (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Krom1927_01"/></bibl>); Lévi (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Levi1932_02"/></bibl>) made a critical edition by making a comparison to the Karma-Vibhaṅga text from Nepal, Tibet, and China; this digital edition based on the 1927 publication by Krom and Lévi in his 1932 publication.</p>

<bibl n="SL"><ptr target="bib:Levi1932_02"/><citedRange unit="mixed">Page 89, Tableau Comparatif, column Bb. (Panneaux de Boro-Budur), item 131-134</citedRange></bibl>

</listBibl>

<bibl><ptr target="bib:Reichle2009_01"/><citedRange unit="mixed">Pages 352–354, Table I, item O-134</citedRange></bibl>

</listBibl>

</div>

</body>

</text>

</TEI>