N. 361. Charter of Kasugihan, 829 Śaka (907-11-18 CE)

Version: (5e4f1dd), last modified (07bfe9f).

Edition

Main

⟨Page 1r⟩

⟨1r1⟩ svasti śaka-varṣātīta 829 mărggaśira-māsa tith¡ī! ¿j?aśamĭ śukla-pakṣa ma pa bu vāra Aśvinī-nakṣatra varīyān·-yoga tatkālanikanaṁ vahuta tuṅgu duruṁ makabaihan· Inanugrahan· Irikanaṁ vanuA

⟨1r2⟩ I kasugihan· de rakryan· kalaṁ buṅkal· dyaḥ manukū kavnaṅaknanyan· sabuñcaṁ-haji maṅasəAkan· Ikanaṁ vahuta pasək-pasək· I rakryān· mavanuA pirak· dhā 1 juru¿?iṅ kanăyakăn· rake hni

⟨1r3⟩ Anak vanuA I vatu-vatu vatak· pagar vsi maṁraṁkpi saṁ jalu paṅan· Anak vanuA I saninai vatak· (b)unut·-bunut· mataṇḍa saṁ siddhatapa Anak vanuA I poḥ kabikuAn· I lḍaṁ juruniṁ lampuran· saṁ pa-

⟨1r4⟩ ḍali Anak vanuA I valakay· vatak valakas· parujar· saṁ valiṅi A¿?ak vanuA I vurakuṁ vatak· limvayan· juruniṁ vadva rarai saṁ tamvalaṁ Anak vanuA I taṅgalan· vatak· ¿j?alinan· juruniṁ kalula

⟨1r5⟩ saṁ ḍaṇu Anak vanuA I sahiḍan· vatak· kilipan· juruni maṁḍakat· saṁ juna Anak vanuA I kuraṁ pkan· vatak· ¡ś!irikan· maṁraṁkpi saṁ kha¡d!ga Anak vanuA I haji huma vatak· patapān· manuṅgū

⟨1r6⟩ saṁ mamiḍaiyi Anak vanuA I karihuAn· Amasaṅakən· saṁ ra kuvu Anak vanuA I vugaṁ vatak· tilimpik· citralekha saṁ ra vuṅū Anak vanuA I vuru paṅguṁ vatak· manimpi-

⟨1r7⟩ ki I⟨⟨naṁ⟩⟩səAn· pasək·-pasək· pirak· dhā 5 kinabaihanira piṅhay· I kalaṅ buṅkal· Irikanaṁ kāla kikin· si jamana manti hyaṁ si samanta parujar·nya si galuṁ

⟨Page 1v⟩

⟨1v1⟩ miśra si bahu vahuta maṅuvu si landaṁ muAṁ si hari pihujuṁ si gatā si R̥¡ś!i si cuAl· si bisar· rāma I duga-duga tumarima Ikanaṁ surat· prasāsti Irika-

⟨1v2⟩ naṁ kāla gusti si ¿gisuddhi? parujar· si suvaṁ rāma maratā si gijñī muAṁ si tes· si cala si jaluk· samaṅkana kvai¿?nikanaṁ rāma tumarima Ikanaṁ prasāsti

⟨1v3⟩ I rakryan· kalaṁ buṅkal· sākṣī saṁ pamgat· Ayam· təAs· pu ḍapit· Anak vanuA I paṇḍamuAn· vatak· Ayam· təAs· InaṁsəAn· pasak-pasa-

⟨1v4⟩ k· pirak· dhā 2 juru mira-miraḥ pu rayuṁ Anak vanuA I mira-miraḥ vatak· Ayam· təAs· maṁraṁkpi saṁ halaran· pu dh¡ā!nada Anak banuA I paṇḍamuAn· vatak·

⟨1v5⟩ Ayam· təAs· kapuA InaṁsəAn· pasak-pasak· pirak· dhā 1 sovaṁ-sovaṁ karamān· saṁ hadyan· vahuta hy¿ā?ṁ makabaihan· pirak· 8 kinabaihanira

⟨1v6⟩ nāhan· nimittanyan· mapagəḥ Ikanaṁ vanuA I kasugihan· An· sampun· Inanugrahākən· de rakryan· kalaṁ buṅkal· Irikanaṁ vahuta tuṅgu duruṁ likhitapātra saṁ va-

⟨1v7⟩ sava

Insertion

⟨ins1⟩ paṁguhan· satahil· Avur· satahil· samakana ¡kəm·mitan·! Ikā rama ¿Itevam·mādi? salvir·niṁ nāyaka tan· hanāṅyan·

⟨ins2⟩ lena sakerikana p¿a?rak· dhā 6

Apparatus

Main

⟨1r1⟩ 829849 PPoerbatjaraka gave 829 only as an alternative; it was confirmed by Goris and Damais.⟨1r1⟩ tith¡ī!itithi P. — ⟨1r1⟩ ¿j?daśamĭdasamĭ PCorrection by Goris.

⟨1r4⟩ vanuA I valakay·vanuA I valakas· P. — ⟨1r4⟩ rarairare PThe taling has a curved vertical stroke to its left which seems to be an alternative version of the -ai diacritic.⟨1r4⟩ ¿j?dalinan·dalinan· PCorrection by Goris.

⟨1r5⟩ sahiḍan·satiḍan· PCorrection by Goris.⟨1r5⟩ kha¡d!galadga P.

⟨1r7⟩ dhā 5ḍā 4 P. — ⟨1r7⟩ galuṁtalu PCorrection by Goris.

⟨1v4⟩ dhā 2ḍā 4 P.

⟨1v6⟩ saṁsa P.

Insertion

⟨ins1⟩ paṁguhan·paguhan· P. — ⟨ins1⟩ ¿Itevam·mādi?ItyevamādiItyevammādi P.

⟨ins2⟩ p¿a?irak· dhāpirak· ḍā PCorrection by Goris.

Commentary

The syllables sava in line 1v7 originally were intended to be the end of the text and to be read right after likhitapātra saṁ va- and hence form the original line 7. (The recto also has just 7 lines.) All the rest of what stands on what appear to be the seventh and eight lines of the verso seem to form a secondary addition. These additional lines are cramped at the bottom of the page and heavily indented. The first inserted line (ins1) written over 1v7 has a left indent equivalent to the space of about 10 akṣaras thus beginning directly under -gəḥ Ikanaṁ (1v6). The second inserted line (ins2) is even further indented, being aligned directly below Itevam·mādi salvir·niṁ nāyaka tan· in the one above it. It is unclear where precisely this text portion was meant to be inserted, but comparison with the passage about paṅguhanrevenue” in Rumwiga I (1v4–7) suggests that it might have been in the first paragraph.

This text has some orthographic peculiarities, among which an unusual number of vowels expected to be short but spelt long, as well as the substitution of /d/ for /j/ at the beginning of words, e.g. jaśamĭ for daśamī (1r1), jalinan· for dalinan· (1r4, also found in Wanua Tengah III 1v10 and 2r12). Unexpected variation of initial /d-/ and /j-/ is found in elsewhere in Old Javanese inscriptions of this period, such as jari, jarīya and jinaryyakən· for standard dadi, dadya and dinadyakən· (cf. Rumwiga 1v10, Dalinan 1v7, Kinewu lines 7 and 10). This variation is connected with the fact that many Javanese words with /d-/ have cognates with /j-/ in other Western Indonesian languages, e.g. comparing with Malay: jauh for doh “far”, jarum for dom “needle”, jərami for dami “rice stalk”. All of these reflect Proto-Malayo-Polynesian /*z/, whose evolution to /d/ in Old Javanese was already complete by this period. The fact that, in the case of this inscription, the /d-/ ~ /j-/ substitution even affects non-Austronesian loanwords, like daśamī, might suggest but that a symbiosis of Malay and Javanese was in place, whereby the supralocally dominant /j-/ could have unpredictable influence on the pronunciation of /d-/ in Javanese.

Bibliography

The text was first deciphered by Poerbatjaraka. A few inaccuracies in his reading were pointed out by Goris,1 and some more have been found by us. Our apparatus only reports the more significant variant readings. Damais reproduced the dating formula without proposing any textual interventions. Sarkar was the first to translate the text.

Primary

[P] Poerbatjaraka. 1922. “Transcriptie van een koperen plaat in het Museum te Solo.” OV (Bijlage L), p. 85.

Sarkar, Himansu Bhusan. 1971–1972. Corpus of the inscriptions of Java (Corpus inscriptionum Javanicarum), up to 928 A. D. 2 vols. Calcutta: K.L. Mukhopadhyay. Volume II, item LXXIV, pages 102–107.

Secondary

Goris, Roelof. 1928. “De Oud-Javaansche inscripties uit het Sri-Wedari-Museum te Soerakarta.” OV (Bijlage B), pp. 63–70. Pages 65–66.

Damais, Louis-Charles. 1952. “Études d’épigraphie indonésienne, III: Liste des principales inscriptions datées de l’Indonesie.” BEFEO 46 (1), pp. 1–105. DOI: 10.3406/befeo.1952.5158. [URL]. Pages 50–51, item A.86.

Damais, Louis-Charles. 1955. “Études d’épigraphie indonésienne, IV: Discussion de la date des inscriptions.” BEFEO 47, pp. 7–290. DOI: 10.3406/befeo.1955.5406. [URL]. Page 48.

Notes

  1. 1. Goris only notes readings that differ from Poerbatjaraka’s, rather than providing a full edition