K. 491. Inscription from Buddhist terrace, 9th century Śaka

Author of digital edition: Kunthea Chhom (kuch).

Palaeographic description: The lettering is characteristic of the ninth-tenth century CE.

Language: Sanskrit (san) [Khmer (khmer)].

Repository: Khmer (tfc-khmer-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSCIK00491.

File path: texts/xml/DHARMA_INSCIK00491.xml.

Version: 2026-08-14 16:06 (fd6f571), last modified 2026-07-17 15:43 (64a9c36).

Edition

⟨1⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ ====-++= ⟨Column b⟩ ====-+-=
⟨2⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ gurubhārggavavālmīki ⟨Column b⟩ ====-+-= [∥]
⟨3⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ Āsīd aśeṣabhūpāla ⟨Column b⟩ -mau[limāli]taśāsanaḥ
⟨4⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ śrīndravarmmeti medinyāḥ ⟨Column b⟩ purānr̥pativikramaḥ ∥
⟨5⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ navarandhrādrirājyo ’pi ⟨Column b⟩ nīrandhro yo vasundharām
⟨6⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ vidadhe sthāpitair dde[vai]⟨Column b⟩r vibhratīn tridivaśriyam ∥
⟨7⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ samare samavīryyeṇa ⟨Column b⟩ ====-+ iha
⟨8⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ viprā mānair vvudhā vāgbhi⟨Column b⟩r arthino ’rthena tarppitāḥ ∥
⟨9⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ tasya sūnur anūnarddhi ⟨Column b⟩ ====-+-=
⟨10⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ śrīyaśovarmmadevākhyaḥ ⟨Column b⟩ ====-+-= [∥]
⟨11⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ vyaktaṁ rājendracandro ’pi ⟨Column b⟩ candra==-+-=
⟨12⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ pratāpaiḥ kim iva prājyai⟨Column b⟩r yyo da = =-+-= [∥]
⟨13⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ Udyuktaṁ yaṁ samudvīkṣya ⟨Column b⟩ ====-+-=
⟨14⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ bhītyā sa haratīvendra⟨Column b⟩ś śarān = =-+-= ∥
⟨15⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ niṣkalaṅkatayā nitya ⟨Column b⟩ -kalāmanditamandalaḥ
⟨16⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ vr̥ddhakṣīṇakalañ candra⟨Column b⟩m iva pratyādideśa yaḥ ∥
⟨17⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ Aṅge naṅgāṅgasaunda[ryya]⟨Column b⟩m aiśvaryyam = -+ ndriye
⟨18⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ viruddham api vibhrāṇo ⟨Column b⟩ yo vabhāv avirodhinām ∥
⟨19⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ sakalāṁ yaḥ kalā + = ⟨Column b⟩ punaḥkr̥tayu +- yam
⟨20⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ pradarśayan dharmmaparaḥ ⟨Column b⟩ prajāpatir abhūt paraḥ ∥
⟨21⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ dharaṇī dharaṇīnātha⟨Column b⟩m = = r nnātham avāpya yam
⟨22⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ dharmmakāmārthasaṁpūrṇṇā ⟨Column b⟩ saprajā sa -+-= [∥]
⟨23⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ jagāma nirggame yasya ⟨Column b⟩ ====-+-=
⟨24⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ pādau dikpālamaulinām ⟨Column b⟩ ====-+-= [∥]
⟨25⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ yaśodharataṭākākhyam ⟨Column b⟩ ====-+- yaḥ
⟨26⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ yatrānyabhūbhujāṁ kirtti ⟨Column b⟩ = = = dyāpi +-= [∥]
⟨27⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ svarggād āgatya gāṅ gopa ⟨Column b⟩ -mahendro yo divaukasām
⟨28⟩  ⟨Column a⟩ vrahmaviṣṇvīśvarādīnāṁ ⟨Column b⟩ = = = = -+ vyadhāt ∥

1. Anuṣṭubh

⟨1⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ ====-++=

⟨Column b⟩ ====-+-=

⟨2⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ gurubhārggavavālmīki

⟨Column b⟩ ====-+-= [∥]

2. Anuṣṭubh

⟨3⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ Āsīd aśeṣabhūpāla-

⟨Column b⟩ -mau[limāli]taśāsanaḥ

⟨4⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ śrīndravarmmeti medinyāḥ

⟨Column b⟩ purānr̥pativikramaḥ ∥

3. Anuṣṭubh

⟨5⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ navarandhrādrirājyo ’pi

⟨Column b⟩ nīrandhro yo vasundharām

⟨6⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ vidadhe sthāpitair dde[vai]⟨Column b⟩r

vibhratīn tridivaśriyam ∥

4. Anuṣṭubh

⟨7⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ samare samavīryyeṇa

⟨Column b⟩ ====-+ iha

⟨8⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ viprā mānair vvudhā vāgbhi⟨Column b⟩r

arthino ’rthena tarppitāḥ ∥

5. Anuṣṭubh

⟨9⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ tasya sūnur anūnarddhi

⟨Column b⟩ ====-+-=

⟨10⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ śrīyaśovarmmadevākhyaḥ

⟨Column b⟩ ====-+-= [∥]

6. Anuṣṭubh

⟨11⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ vyaktaṁ rājendracandro ’pi

⟨Column b⟩ candra==-+-=

⟨12⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ pratāpaiḥ kim iva prājyai⟨Column b⟩r

yyo da = =-+-= [∥]

7. Anuṣṭubh

⟨13⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ Udyuktaṁ yaṁ samudvīkṣya

⟨Column b⟩ ====-+-=

⟨14⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ bhītyā sa haratīvendra⟨Column b⟩ś

śarān = =-+-= ∥

8. Anuṣṭubh

⟨15⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ niṣkalaṅkatayā nitya-

⟨Column b⟩ -kalāmanditamandalaḥ

⟨16⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ vr̥ddhakṣīṇakalañ candra⟨Column b⟩m

iva pratyādideśa yaḥ ∥

9. Anuṣṭubh

⟨17⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ Aṅge naṅgāṅgasaunda[ryya]⟨Column b⟩m

aiśvaryyam = -+ ndriye

⟨18⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ viruddham api vibhrāṇo

⟨Column b⟩ yo vabhāv avirodhinām ∥

10. Anuṣṭubh

⟨19⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ sakalāṁ yaḥ kalā + =

⟨Column b⟩ punaḥkr̥tayu +- yam

⟨20⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ pradarśayan dharmmaparaḥ

⟨Column b⟩ prajāpatir abhūt paraḥ ∥

11. Anuṣṭubh

⟨21⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ dharaṇī dharaṇīnātha⟨Column b⟩m

= = r nnātham avāpya yam

⟨22⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ dharmmakāmārthasaṁpūrṇṇā

⟨Column b⟩ saprajā sa -+-= [∥]

12. Anuṣṭubh

⟨23⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ jagāma nirggame yasya

⟨Column b⟩ ====-+-=

⟨24⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ pādau dikpālamaulinām

⟨Column b⟩ ====-+-= [∥]

13. Anuṣṭubh

⟨25⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ yaśodharataṭākākhyam

⟨Column b⟩ ====-+- yaḥ

⟨26⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ yatrānyabhūbhujāṁ kirtti

⟨Column b⟩ = = = dyāpi +-= [∥]

14. Anuṣṭubh

⟨27⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ svarggād āgatya gāṅ gopa-

⟨Column b⟩ -mahendro yo divaukasām

⟨28⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ vrahmaviṣṇvīśvarādīnāṁ

⟨Column b⟩ = = = = -+ vyadhāt ∥

1. Anuṣṭubh

⟨1⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ ====-++=

⟨Column b⟩ ====-+-=

⟨2⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ gurubhārggavavālmīki

⟨Column b⟩ ====-+-= [∥]

2. Anuṣṭubh

⟨3⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ Āsīd aśeṣabhūpāla-

⟨Column b⟩ -mau[limāli]taśāsanaḥ

⟨4⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ śrīndravarmmeti medinyāḥ

⟨Column b⟩ purānr̥pativikramaḥ ∥

3. Anuṣṭubh

⟨5⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ navarandhrādrirājyo ’pi

⟨Column b⟩ nīrandhro yo vasundharām

⟨6⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ vidadhe sthāpitair dde[vai]⟨Column b⟩r

vibhratīn tridivaśriyam ∥

4. Anuṣṭubh

⟨7⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ samare samavīryyeṇa

⟨Column b⟩ ====-+ iha

⟨8⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ viprā mānair vvudhā vāgbhi⟨Column b⟩r

arthino ’rthena tarppitāḥ ∥

5. Anuṣṭubh

⟨9⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ tasya sūnur anūnarddhi

⟨Column b⟩ ====-+-=

⟨10⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ śrīyaśovarmmadevākhyaḥ

⟨Column b⟩ ====-+-= [∥]

6. Anuṣṭubh

⟨11⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ vyaktaṁ rājendracandro ’pi

⟨Column b⟩ candra==-+-=

⟨12⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ pratāpaiḥ kim iva prājyai⟨Column b⟩r

yyo da = =-+-= [∥]

7. Anuṣṭubh

⟨13⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ Udyuktaṁ yaṁ samudvīkṣya

⟨Column b⟩ ====-+-=

⟨14⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ bhītyā sa haratīvendra⟨Column b⟩ś

śarān = =-+-= ∥

8. Anuṣṭubh

⟨15⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ niṣkalaṅkatayā nitya-

⟨Column b⟩ -kalāmanditamandalaḥ

⟨16⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ vr̥ddhakṣīṇakalañ candra⟨Column b⟩m

iva pratyādideśa yaḥ ∥

9. Anuṣṭubh

⟨17⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ Aṅge naṅgāṅgasaunda[ryya]⟨Column b⟩m

aiśvaryyam = -+ ndriye

⟨18⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ viruddham api vibhrāṇo

⟨Column b⟩ yo vabhāv avirodhinām ∥

10. Anuṣṭubh

⟨19⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ sakalāṁ yaḥ kalā + =

⟨Column b⟩ punaḥkr̥tayu +- yam

⟨20⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ pradarśayan dharmmaparaḥ

⟨Column b⟩ prajāpatir abhūt paraḥ ∥

11. Anuṣṭubh

⟨21⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ dharaṇī dharaṇīnātha⟨Column b⟩m

= = r nnātham avāpya yam

⟨22⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ dharmmakāmārthasaṁpūrṇṇā

⟨Column b⟩ saprajā sa -+-= [∥]

12. Anuṣṭubh

⟨23⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ jagāma nirggame yasya

⟨Column b⟩ ====-+-=

⟨24⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ pādau dikpālamaulinām

⟨Column b⟩ ====-+-= [∥]

13. Anuṣṭubh

⟨25⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ yaśodharataṭākākhyam

⟨Column b⟩ ====-+- yaḥ

⟨26⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ yatrānyabhūbhujāṁ kirtti

⟨Column b⟩ = = = dyāpi +-= [∥]

14. Anuṣṭubh

⟨27⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ svarggād āgatya gāṅ gopa-

⟨Column b⟩ -mahendro yo divaukasām

⟨28⟩ ⟨Column a⟩ vrahmaviṣṇvīśvarādīnāṁ

⟨Column b⟩ = = = = -+ vyadhāt ∥

Translation into French by Cœdès 1942

.... le guru, le fils de Bhr̥gu, Vālmīki ...

Il y eut un roi Śrī Indravarr:tan, dont les ordres étaient une guirlande pour la tête de tous les rois, et qui avait la vaillance des anciens rois de la terre.

Bien qu’ayant la royauté de la montagne (= 7) et des neuf orifices (= 9), il était sans lacunes, et donna à la terre, par les dieux qu’il y érigea, toute la beauté du ciel.

Dans le combat, avec une énergie sans égale ..., il contentait les brâhmanes par des honneurs, les sages par des paroles, les pauvres par des richesses.

Son fils, à la prospérité intégraLe ..... nommé Śrī Yaśovarman ...

Assurément, bien qu’il fût une lune parmi les rois .... par l’abondance de son éclat .....

En le voyant prêt .... Indra, saisi de crainte, prend ses flèches ....

Par son absence de tache, ce souverain dont l’empire était constamment orné de tous les arts [ou : dont le disque était constamment orné de tous ses kalā] faisait honte à la lune dont les kalā croissent et décroissent sans cesse.

(Réunissant) dans son corps la beauté du corps de (l’Amour) sans corps, et dans ses sens la souvereineté qui lui est contraire, il semblait porteur de qualités qui n’auraient pas été incompatibles.

10.

Montrant toute ... refait ... ce fidèle observateur du dharma était un autre Prajāpati.

11.

La terre, ayant obtenu ce roi pour époux, fut comblée de vertu, de plaisir et de profit, féconde...

12.

A sa sortie, il allait .... les deux pieds ... des têtes des régents des points cardinaux.

13.

.. l’étang de Yaśodhara .... où la gloire des autres rois .... aujourd’hui encore ...

14.

Etant descendu du ciel sur la terre, ce Mahendra des protecteurs de la terre disposa .... des dieux Brahmā, Viṣṇu, Īśvara, etc.

Bibliography

Edited by George Cœdès (1942, pp. 183–185) with a French translation, re-edited here by Kunthea Chhom from the estampage EFEO n. 256.

Primary

[GC] Cœdès, George. 1942. Inscriptions du Cambodge, volume II. Collection de textes et documents sur l’Indochine 3. Hanoi: École française d’Extrême-Orient. Pages 183–185.

Secondary

[LF] Finot, Louis. 1925. “Inscriptions d’Aṅkor, II : Aṅkor Thom, terrasse bouddhique M.” BEFEO 25 (3-4), pp. 304–307. DOI: 10.3406/befeo.1925.3058. [URL]. Page 304.

[RM] Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra. 1953. Inscriptions of Kambuja. The Asiatic Society Monograph Series 8. Calcutta: The Asiatic Society. [URL]. Pages 159–160.

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<l n="d"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>saprajā sa -+-= [<g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g>]</l>

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<l n="a"><lb n="23"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>jagāma nirggame yasya</l>

<l n="c"><lb n="24"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>pādau dikpālamaulinām</l>

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<l n="a"><lb n="25"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>yaśodharataṭākākhyam</l>

<l n="c"><lb n="26"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>yatrānyabhūbhujāṁ kirtti</l>

<l n="d"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>= = = dyāpi +-= [<g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g>]</l>

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<l n="a" enjamb="yes"><lb n="27"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>svarggād āgatya gāṅ gopa</l>

<l n="b"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>-mahendro yo divaukasām</l>

<l n="c"><lb n="28"/><milestone unit="column" n="a"/>vrahmaviṣṇvīśvarādīnāṁ</l>

<l n="d"><milestone unit="column" n="b"/>= = = = -+ vyadhāt <g ref="sym:doubleBar" type="punctuation">.</g></l>

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<p rend="stanza" n="1">.... le guru, le fils de Bhr̥gu, Vālmīki ...</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="2">Il y eut un roi Śrī Indravarr:tan, dont les ordres étaient une guirlande pour la tête de tous les rois, et qui avait la vaillance des anciens rois de la terre.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="3">Bien qu'ayant la royauté de la montagne (= 7) et des neuf orifices (= 9), il était sans lacunes, et donna à la terre, par les dieux qu'il y érigea, toute la beauté du ciel.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="4">Dans le combat, avec une énergie sans égale ..., il contentait les brâhmanes par des honneurs, les sages par des paroles, les pauvres par des richesses.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="5">Son fils, à la prospérité intégraLe ..... nommé Śrī Yaśovarman ...</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="6">Assurément, bien qu'il fût une lune parmi les rois .... par l'abondance de son éclat .....</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="7">En le voyant prêt .... Indra, saisi de crainte, prend ses flèches ....</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="8">Par son absence de tache, ce souverain dont l'empire était constamment orné de tous les arts [ou : dont le disque était constamment orné de tous ses kalā] faisait honte à la lune dont les kalā croissent et décroissent sans cesse.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="9">(Réunissant) dans son corps la beauté du corps de (l'Amour) sans corps, et dans ses sens la souvereineté qui lui est contraire, il semblait porteur de qualités qui n'auraient pas été incompatibles.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="10">Montrant toute ... refait ... ce fidèle observateur du dharma était un autre Prajāpati.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="11">La terre, ayant obtenu ce roi pour époux, fut comblée de vertu, de plaisir et de profit, féconde...</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="12">A sa sortie, il allait .... les deux pieds ... des têtes des régents des points cardinaux.</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="13">.. l'étang de Yaśodhara .... où la gloire des autres rois .... aujourd'hui encore ...</p>

<p rend="stanza" n="14">Etant descendu du ciel sur la terre, ce Mahendra des protecteurs de la terre disposa .... des dieux Brahmā, Viṣṇu, Īśvara, etc.</p>

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<p>Edited by George Cœdès (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Coedes1942_02"/><citedRange unit="page">183-185</citedRange></bibl>) with a French translation, re-edited here by Kunthea Chhom from the estampage EFEO n. 256.</p>

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