K. 183-37. Western side of western pillar of northern pillarzone of western peristyle of eastern gopura of Prasat Kracap, 850 Śaka

Author of digital edition: Kunthea Chhom (kuch).

Palaeographic description: The lettering is characteristic of the tenth century CE.

Language: Old Khmer (okz) [Khmer (khmer)].

Repository: Khmer (tfc-khmer-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSCIK00183-37.

File path: texts/xml/DHARMA_INSCIK00183-37.xml.

Version: 2026-06-03 05:14 (b96a8c3), last modified 2026-05-18 16:19 (1755931).

Edition

⟨1⟩ kandeṅ· sot(· •) piṇda gho 9 gvā-
⟨2⟩ l· 5 tai (10) 6 lap· 2 phsaṁ 20 10 2 (•)
⟨3⟩ sruk· devālaya si kanlo(ñ·)
⟨4⟩ (gh)o kandai gho kan·In(·) gho ka [**]
⟨5⟩ [*]ṅ· gho chpoṅ(·) gho paṇdan(· gho)
⟨6⟩ [**]s(·) gho kanhen· gvāl· sa [***]
⟨7⟩ gvāl· dharmma gvāl· khmau gvāl· saṁAp(·) gvāl(·)
⟨8⟩ [ka]ñjā gvāl· kaṁpañ· gvāl· vramo-
⟨9⟩ y· gvāl· qdit· gvāl(·) Amr̥ta gvāl· (ka)nde-
⟨10⟩ ṅ(·) gvāl· thkāṁ tai phle tai panlas· tai svā[y·]
⟨11⟩ tai kantvan(·) tai kantvan· sot· tai paṁnaṅ(·) tai (kaṁ)-
⟨12⟩ vraḥ tai kaṁprvat· piṇda gho (8) gvā-
⟨13⟩ l(·) (10) 1 tai (8) phsaṁ 20 7 • qnak· (Ā)śra[*]
⟨14⟩ (gho) kaṁvai gho hari gho kan(·)As· gho
⟨15⟩ kanteṅ· gho prāṇa gho kaṁvi(t·) gho ni-
⟨16⟩ (ra)ntaraśiva gho khñuṁ gho lAu gho kanrau
⟨17⟩ gho śri gho ratnamaya gho Iśāna-
⟨18⟩ śiva gvāl· camval· gvāl· rāja gvāl· kaṁp(i)-
⟨19⟩ t(·) gvāl· kanteṅ· gvāl· khmau tai kañji-
⟨20⟩ [*] t[ai] vraḥ [**] tai kaṁvrau • phsaṁ 20 (1)
⟨21⟩ sruk· [****] si śrimahendra gho [*]
⟨22⟩ [*] gho (th)kap(·) gho krau gho kaṁvrau (gh)o
⟨23⟩ [**] gho (ka)ñcaṅ· gho kan·Ā gho [*]
⟨24⟩ [*] deha gho kan·Ā sot· gho (qdi)t(·)
⟨25⟩ gho Iśānavyāpi gho kañcañ· (gho)
⟨26⟩ vahanadhi gho khñuṁ gho pravā […]

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ kandeṅ· ⬦ [tai] kandeṅ CJ. — ⟨1⟩ piṇda ⬦ [pi]ṇḍa CJ.

⟨5⟩ [1+]ṅ· ⬦ taṅ CJ.

⟨6⟩ [2+]s(·) ⬦ kan (As) CJ. — ⟨6⟩ sa [3+] ⬦ su(ga)[ndha] CJ. — ⟨6⟩ kanhen· ⬦ kanpon KC; kanhen CJ.

⟨8⟩ vramo ⬦ vrahe CJ.

⟨13⟩ (Ā)śra[1+] ⬦ Ā(śraṁ lā) CJ.

⟨17⟩ Iśāna ⬦ Īśāna CJ.

⟨20⟩ [1+] t[ai] vraḥ [2+] ⬦ (k) t(ai tridoṣa) CJ.

⟨21⟩ [4+] ⬦ sā(sa) [2+] CJ. — ⟨21⟩ [1+] ⬦ (phta) CJ.

⟨22⟩ [1+] gho (th)kap(·) ⬦ [l] gho (thgap) CJ.

⟨23⟩ [2+] ⬦ (vlam)[1+] CJ.

⟨24⟩ [1+] deha ⬦ (vi)deha CJ.

⟨26⟩ vahanadhi ⬦ vrahmaruci CJ. — ⟨26⟩ pravā […] ⬦ pravā(tissa) [1+] CJ.

Translation by Chhom 2011

⟨1–2⟩ Another ⟨Tai⟩ Kandeṅ. Total: 9 male slaves (gho), 5 animal keepers (gvāl), 16 female slaves (tai), 2 slaves (lap); grand total: 32.

⟨3–13⟩ Sruk Devālaya: Si Kanloñ, Gho KandiL Gho Kan-in, Gho […], Gho Chpoṅ, Gho Paṇdan, Gho […], Gho Kanpon, Gvāl […], Gvāl Dharmma, Gvāl Khmau, Gvāl Saṁ-ap, Gvāl Kañjā, Gvāl Kaṁpañ, Gvāl Vramoy, Gvāl Adit, Gvāl Amr̥ta, Gvāl Kanden, Gvāl Thkāṁ, Tai Phle, Tai Panlas, Tai Svāy, Tai Kantvan, another Tai Kantvan, Tai Paṁnaṅ, Tai Kaṁvraḥ, Tai Kaṁprvat. Total: 8 male slaves (gho), 11 animal slaves (gvāl), 8 female slaves (tai); grand total: 27.

⟨13–20⟩ The people from village of Āśra: Gho Kaṁvai, Gho Hari, Gho Kan-as, Gho Kanteṅ, Gho Prāṇa, Gho Kaṁvit, Gho Nirantaraśiva, Gho Khñuṁ, Gho La-au, Gho Kanrau, Gho śri, Gho Ratnamaya, Gho Iśānaśiva, Gvāl Camval, Gvāl Rāja, Gvāl Kaṁpit, Gvāl Kanteṅ, Gvāl Khmau, Tai Kañji[…], Tai Vraḥ […], Tai Kaṁvrau. Total: 21.

⟨21–26⟩ Sruk […]: Si Śrimahendra, Gho […], Gho Thkap, Gho Krau, Gho Kaṁvrau, Gho […], Gho Kañcaṅ, Gho Kan-a, Gho […]deha, another Gho Kan-ā, Gho Adit, Gho Iśānavyāpi, Gho Kañcañ, Gho Vahanadhi, Gho Khñuṁ, Gho pravā[…]

Bibliography

First edited by Kunthea Chhom (2011, pp. 222–223) with English translation. Re-edited in French by Claude Jacques without translation (2014, p. 238). Re-edited again in French by Eric Bourdonneau et al. (nd, unpublished). Re-edited here by Kunthea Chhom based on EFEO estampage n. 821.

Primary

[KC] Chhom, Kunthea. 2011. Inscriptions of Koh Ker I. Budapest: Hungarian Southeast Asian Research Institute. Pages 222–223.

[CJ] Jacques, Claude. 2014. Koh Ker: Temples et inscriptions, avec une étude sur le roi Jayavarman IV et un essai sur l’“esclavage” dans l’ancien pays khmer. Budapest: The Hungarian Southeast Asian Institute. Page 238.

Secondary

[GC] Cœdès, George. 1937. Inscriptions du Cambodge, volume I. Collection de textes et documents sur l’Indochine 3. Hanoi: École française d’Extrême-Orient. Pages 52–54.

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<title>K. 183-37. Western side of western pillar of northern pillarzone of western peristyle of eastern gopura of Prasat Kracap, 850 Śaka</title>

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<persName>kuch: Bourdonneau et al. (nd), in notes.

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<p>The lettering is characteristic of the tenth century CE. </p>

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<lb n="1"/>kandeṅ· sot<unclear>· <g ref="sym:bullet" type="punctuation">.</g></unclear> piṇda gho <num value="9"><g type="numeral">9</g></num> gvā<lb n="2" break="no"/>l· <num value="5"><g type="numeral">5</g></num> tai <num value="16"><unclear><g type="numeral">10</g></unclear> <g type="numeral">6</g></num> lap· <num value="2"><g type="numeral">2</g></num> phsaṁ <num value="32"><g type="numeral">20</g> <g type="numeral">10</g> <g type="numeral">2</g></num> <unclear><g ref="sym:bullet" type="punctuation">.</g></unclear>

<lb n="3"/>sruk· devālaya si kanlo<unclear>ñ·</unclear>

<lb n="4"/><unclear>gh</unclear>o kandai gho kan·In<unclear>·</unclear> gho ka <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/>

<lb n="5"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/>ṅ· gho chpoṅ<unclear>·</unclear> gho paṇdan<unclear>· gho</unclear>

<lb n="6"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/>s<unclear>·</unclear> gho kanhen· gvāl· sa <gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/>

<lb n="7"/>gvāl· dharmma gvāl· khmau gvāl· saṁAp<unclear>·</unclear> gvāl<unclear>·</unclear>

<lb n="8"/><supplied reason="lost">ka</supplied>ñjā gvāl· kaṁpañ· gvāl· vramo<lb n="9" break="no"/>y· gvāl· qdit· gvāl<unclear>·</unclear> Amr̥ta gvāl· <unclear>ka</unclear>nde<lb n="10" break="no"/>ṅ<unclear>·</unclear> gvāl· thkāṁ tai phle tai panlas· tai svā<supplied reason="lost">y·</supplied>

<lb n="11"/>tai kantvan<unclear>·</unclear> tai kantvan· sot· tai paṁnaṅ<unclear>·</unclear> tai <unclear>kaṁ</unclear><lb n="12" break="no"/>vraḥ tai kaṁprvat· piṇda gho <num value="8"><unclear><g type="numeral">8</g></unclear></num> gvā-

<lb n="13"/>l<unclear>·</unclear> <num value="11"><unclear><g type="numeral">10</g></unclear> <g type="numeral">1</g></num> tai <num value="8"><unclear><g type="numeral">8</g></unclear></num> phsaṁ <num value="27"><g type="numeral">20</g> <g type="numeral">7</g></num> <g ref="sym:bullet" type="punctuation">.</g> qnak· <unclear>Ā</unclear>śra<gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/>

<lb n="14"/><unclear>gho</unclear> kaṁvai gho hari gho kan<unclear>·</unclear>As· gho

<lb n="15"/>kanteṅ· gho prāṇa gho kaṁvi<unclear>t·</unclear> gho ni<lb n="16" break="no"/><unclear>ra</unclear>ntaraśiva gho khñuṁ gho lAu gho kanrau

<lb n="17"/>gho śri gho ratnamaya gho Iśāna<lb n="18" break="no"/>śiva gvāl· camval· gvāl· rāja gvāl· kaṁp<unclear>i</unclear><lb n="19" break="no"/>t<unclear>·</unclear> gvāl· kanteṅ· gvāl· khmau tai kañji<lb n="20" break="no"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> t<supplied reason="lost">ai</supplied> vraḥ <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> tai kaṁvrau <g ref="sym:bullet" type="punctuation">.</g> phsaṁ <num value="21"><g type="numeral">20</g> <unclear><g type="numeral">1</g></unclear></num>

<lb n="21"/>sruk· <gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/> si śrimahendra gho <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/>

<lb n="22"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> gho <unclear>th</unclear>kap<unclear>·</unclear> gho krau gho kaṁvrau <unclear>gh</unclear>o

<lb n="25"/>gho Iśānavyāpi gho kañcañ· <unclear>gho</unclear>

<lb n="26"/>vahanadhi gho khñuṁ gho pravā <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>

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<lem>kandeṅ·</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Jacques2014_01"><supplied reason="lost">tai</supplied> kandeṅ</rdg>

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<lem>piṇda</lem>

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<lem>kanhen·</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Chhom2011_01">kanpon</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Jacques2014_01">kanhen</rdg>

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<lem>vramo</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Jacques2014_01">vrahe</rdg>

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<lem>thkāṁ tai phle</lem>

Bourdonneau et al.: (th)kaṁ [tai th]le

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<lem>Iśāna</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Jacques2014_01">Īśāna</rdg>

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<lem>camval·</lem>

Bourdonneau et al.: c[u]pvala

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<rdg source="bib:Jacques2014_01"><unclear>k</unclear> t<unclear>ai tridoṣa</unclear></rdg>

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<rdg source="bib:Jacques2014_01"><supplied reason="lost">l</supplied> gho <unclear>thgap</unclear></rdg>

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<lem>vahanadhi</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Jacques2014_01">vrahmaruci</rdg>

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<lem>pravā <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/></lem>

<rdg source="bib:Jacques2014_01">pravā<unclear>tissa</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/></rdg>

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<p n="1-2">Another <supplied reason="subaudible">Tai</supplied> Kandeṅ. Total: 9 male slaves <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>gho</foreign></supplied>, 5 animal keepers <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>gvāl</foreign></supplied>, 16 female slaves <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tai</foreign></supplied>, 2 slaves <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>lap</foreign></supplied>; grand total: 32.</p>

<p n="3-13">Sruk Devālaya: Si Kanloñ, Gho KandiL Gho Kan-in, Gho <gap reason="lost"/>, Gho Chpoṅ, Gho Paṇdan, Gho <gap reason="lost"/>, Gho Kanpon, Gvāl <gap reason="lost"/>, Gvāl Dharmma, Gvāl Khmau, Gvāl Saṁ-ap, Gvāl Kañjā, Gvāl Kaṁpañ, Gvāl Vramoy, Gvāl Adit, Gvāl Amr̥ta, Gvāl Kanden, Gvāl Thkāṁ, Tai Phle, Tai Panlas, Tai Svāy, Tai Kantvan, another Tai Kantvan, Tai Paṁnaṅ, Tai Kaṁvraḥ, Tai Kaṁprvat. Total: 8 male slaves <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>gho</foreign></supplied>, 11 animal slaves <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>gvāl</foreign></supplied>, 8 female slaves <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tai</foreign></supplied>; grand total: 27.</p>

<p n="13-20">The people from village of Āśra: Gho Kaṁvai, Gho Hari, Gho Kan-as, Gho Kanteṅ, Gho Prāṇa, Gho Kaṁvit, Gho Nirantaraśiva, Gho Khñuṁ, Gho La-au, Gho Kanrau, Gho śri, Gho Ratnamaya, Gho Iśānaśiva, Gvāl Camval, Gvāl Rāja, Gvāl Kaṁpit, Gvāl Kanteṅ, Gvāl Khmau, Tai Kañji<gap reason="lost"/>, Tai Vraḥ <gap reason="lost"/>, Tai Kaṁvrau. Total: 21.</p>

<p n="21-26">Sruk <gap reason="lost"/>: Si Śrimahendra, Gho <gap reason="lost"/>, Gho Thkap, Gho Krau, Gho Kaṁvrau, Gho <gap reason="lost"/>, Gho Kañcaṅ, Gho Kan-a, Gho <gap reason="lost"/>deha, another Gho Kan-ā, Gho Adit, Gho Iśānavyāpi, Gho Kañcañ, Gho Vahanadhi, Gho Khñuṁ, Gho pravā<gap reason="lost"/></p>

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<p>First edited by Kunthea Chhom (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Chhom2011_01"/><citedRange unit="page">222-223</citedRange></bibl>) with English translation. Re-edited in French by Claude Jacques without translation (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Jacques2014_01"/><citedRange unit="page">238</citedRange></bibl>). Re-edited again in French by Eric Bourdonneau et al. (nd, unpublished). Re-edited here by Kunthea Chhom based on EFEO estampage n. 821.</p>

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