K. 183-25. Eastern side of pillar 1 of northern portico of western gopura of Prasat Kracap, 850 Śaka

Authors of digital edition: Kunthea Chhom (kuch), Claude Jacques, Eric Bourdonneau.

Palaeographic description: The lettering is characteristic of the tenth century CE.

Language: Old Khmer (okz) [Khmer (khmer)].

Repository: Khmer (tfc-khmer-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSCIK00183-25.

File path: texts/xml/DHARMA_INSCIK00183-25.xml.

Version: 2026-04-24 15:41 (4eba4e0), last modified 2026-04-23 15:14 (ec39e57).

Edition

⟨1⟩ (gho) kh(ñu)ṁ sot· gho jīva gvāl· kande(ṅ·) […]
⟨2⟩ […] (gv)āl· chke gvāl· sunanda gvāl(· thgap·)
⟨3⟩ gvāl(·) [kaṁ]pat(·) gvāl· pandan(·) gvāl(·) [***]
⟨4⟩ (gvāl·) th(g)ot(·) tai thle[ṁ] tai panhe(ṁ) tai [**]
⟨5⟩ [*] [tai] (ka)nteṅ· tai pandan· tai ka[…]
⟨6⟩ […] (so)t(·) tai saṁAp· tai khñuṁ tai […]
⟨7⟩ [tai] dharmma tai laṅgāy(·) tai ch(m)it(·) tai [ka]-
⟨8⟩ ndac(·) tai raṁnoc· tai śrāddhya tai kaṁvai
⟨9⟩ tai chke (si) pau 2 tai pau 3 si rat(·) pra-
⟨10⟩ ser(·) si rat· kan·As· pinda gho 10
⟨11⟩ 9 gvāl· 9 tai 20 1 si rat· 2 si pau 2
⟨12⟩ tai pau 3 phsaṁ 40 10 6 ⦿ (ta) lvan· gho ka-
⟨13⟩ [**] gho thle(ṁ) gho kaṁvai phsaṁ 3 ⦿ sru-
⟨14⟩ k· (paṅ·) vnaṁ rāñ[ci] si padmaruci si Iśātīha
⟨15⟩ gho dha(rmma) gho kaṁvrau gho kaṁvrau
⟨16⟩ sot(·) gho tansa(ṁ) gho kañjai gho kaṁpa-
⟨17⟩ ñ· gho saṁAp· gho saṁAp· sot· gho
⟨18⟩ (thga)p· gho khñuṁ gho dharmma sot· gho kaṁpit·
⟨19⟩ gho caṁlo gho kansoṁ gho khñuṁ sot(·)
⟨20⟩ gho vidyābhāva gho hr̥dayaśiva gho ka-
⟨21⟩ nras· gho kansaṁ gvāl· qnāy· gvāl· śi-
⟨22⟩ vanātha gvāl· thgot· gvāl· kañcū gvāl·
⟨23⟩ khñuṁ tai chpoṅ· tai kaṁvrau tai kandeṅ· tai
⟨24⟩ kan·hyaṅ· tai kan·hyaṅ· sot· tai ka-
⟨25⟩ (ntva)n· tai kantvan· sot· tai kan·Ak· tai
⟨26⟩ […] tai kañcū tai kaṁprvat· tai kaṁvrau (so)-

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ kande(ṅ·) […] ⬦ kandeṅ si CJ.

⟨2⟩ […] (gv)āl· ⬦ (rat) I gvāl CJ.

⟨3⟩ [kaṁ]pat(·) ⬦ (kaṁ pit) CJ. — ⟨3⟩ [3+] ⬦ ka(ndan) CJ.

⟨4⟩ [2+] ⬦ ka(ñci) CJ.

⟨5⟩ pandan· tai ka[…] ⬦ pandana tai kaṁ pa(ñ tai) CJ.

⟨6⟩ tai […] ⬦ tai (po) (3) CJ.

⟨7⟩ ch(m)it(·) ⬦ chmik CJ.

⟨8⟩ ndac(·) ⬦ ndap CJ.

⟨9⟩ chke ⬦ lṅo CJ.

⟨10⟩ ser(·) ⬦ sera CJ.

⟨13⟩ [2+] gho ⬦ (n)dhas gho CJ.

⟨14⟩ (paṅ·) vnaṁ rāñ[ci] ⬦ paṅ varāñ si CJ.

⟨15⟩ kaṁvrau gho kaṁvrau ⬦ kaṁ vro gho kaṁ vrau CJ.

⟨16⟩ tansa(ṁ) ⬦ kansaṁ CJ.

⟨18⟩ (thga)p· ⬦ (kaṁ A) CJ.

⟨19⟩ kansoṁ ⬦ kanso KC; CJ.

⟨21⟩ qnāy· ⬦ Anāya CJ.

Translation by Chhom 2011

⟨1–13⟩ Another Gho Khñuṁ, Gho Jīva, Gvāl Kandeṅ, […], Gvāl Chke, Gvāl Sunanda, Gvāl Thgap, Gvāl Kaṁpat, Gvāl Pandan, Gvāl […], Gvāl Thgot, Tai Thleṁ, Tai Panso, Tai […], Tai Kanteṅ, Tai Pandan, Tai […], another […] Tai Saṁ-ap, Tai Khñuṁ, Tai […] Tai Dharmma, Tai Laṅgāy, Tai Chmit, Tai Kandac, Tai Raṁnoc, Tai Śrāddhya, Tai Kaṁvai, Tai Chke accompanied by five daughters (2 si pau and 3 tai pau) and two sons called Praser and Kan-as. Total: 19 male slaves (gho), 9 animal keepers (gvāl), 21 female slaves (tai), 2 boys at the age of running (si rat), 2 baby boys (si pau), 3 baby girls (tai pau); grand total 56. Among the lvan people, there are: Gho […], Gho Thleṁ, Gho Kaṁvai; total: 3.

⟨13–26⟩ Village of Paṅ Vnaṁ Rāñ: Si Padmaruci, Si Īśatīha, Gho Dharmma, Gho Kaṁvrau, another Gho Kaṁvrau, Gho Tansaṁ, Gho Kañjai, Gho Kaṁpañ, Gho Saṁ-ap, another Gho Saṁ-ap, Gho Thgap, Gho Khñuṁ, another Gho Dharmma, Gho Kaṁpit, Gho Caṁlo, Gho Kanso, another Gho Khñuṁ, Gho Vidyābhāva, Gho Hr̥dayaśiva, Gho Kanras, Gho Kansaṁ, Gvāl Anāy, Gvāl Śivanātha, Gvāl Thgot, Gvāl Kañcū, Gvāl Khñuṁ, Tai Chpoṅ, Tai Kaṁvrau, Tai Kandeṅ, Tai Kanhyaṅ, another Tai Kanhyaṅ, Tai Kantvan, another Tai Kantvan, Tai Kan-ak, Tai […], Tai Kañcū, Tai Kaṁprvat, another Tai Kaṁvrau.

Bibliography

First edited by Kunthea Chhom (2011, pp. 175–176) with English translation. Re-edited in French by Claude Jacques without translation (2014, pp. 205–206). Re-edited again in French by Eric Bourdonneau et al. (nd, unpublished). Re-edited here by Kunthea Chhom based on EFEO estampage n. 830-E.

Primary

[KC] Chhom, Kunthea. 2011. Inscriptions of Koh Ker I. Budapest: Hungarian Southeast Asian Research Institute. Pages 175–176.

[CJ] Jacques, Claude. 2014. Koh Ker: Temples et inscriptions, avec une étude sur le roi Jayavarman IV et un essai sur l’“esclavage” dans l’ancien pays khmer. Budapest: The Hungarian Southeast Asian Institute. Pages 205–206.

Secondary

[GC] Cœdès, George. 1937. Inscriptions du Cambodge, volume I. Collection de textes et documents sur l’Indochine 3. Hanoi: École française d’Extrême-Orient. Pages 52–54.

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<title>K. 183-25. Eastern side of pillar 1 of northern portico of western gopura of Prasat Kracap, 850 Śaka</title>

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<p>The lettering is characteristic of the tenth century CE. </p>

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<lb n="1"/><unclear>gho</unclear> kh<unclear>ñu</unclear>ṁ sot· gho jīva gvāl· kande<unclear>ṅ·</unclear> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>

<lb n="2"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <unclear>gv</unclear>āl· chke gvāl· sunanda gvāl<unclear>· thgap·</unclear>

<lb n="3"/>gvāl<unclear>·</unclear> <supplied reason="lost">kaṁ</supplied>pat<unclear>·</unclear> gvāl· pandan<unclear>·</unclear> gvāl<unclear>·</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/>

<lb n="4"/><unclear>gvāl·</unclear> th<unclear>g</unclear>ot<unclear>·</unclear> tai thle<supplied reason="lost">ṁ</supplied> tai panhe<unclear>ṁ</unclear> tai <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/>

<lb n="5"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <supplied reason="lost">tai</supplied> <unclear>ka</unclear>nteṅ· tai pandan· tai ka<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>

<lb n="6"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <unclear>so</unclear>t<unclear>·</unclear> tai saṁAp· tai khñuṁ tai <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>

<lb n="7"/><supplied reason="lost">tai</supplied> dharmma tai laṅgāy<unclear>·</unclear> tai ch<unclear>m</unclear>it<unclear>·</unclear> tai <supplied reason="lost">ka</supplied><lb n="8" break="no"/>ndac<unclear>·</unclear> tai raṁnoc· tai śrāddhya tai kaṁvai

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<lb n="12"/>tai pau <num value="3"><g type="numeral">3</g></num> phsaṁ <num value="56"><g type="numeral">40</g> <g type="numeral">10</g> <g type="numeral">6</g></num> <g type="circleTarget">.</g> <unclear>ta</unclear> lvan· gho ka<lb n="13" break="no"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> gho thle<unclear>ṁ</unclear> gho kaṁvai phsaṁ 3 <g type="circleTarget">.</g> sru<lb n="14" break="no"/>k· <unclear>paṅ·</unclear> vnaṁ rāñ<supplied reason="lost">ci</supplied> si padmaruci si Iśātīha

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<lb n="16"/>sot<unclear>·</unclear> gho tansa<unclear>ṁ</unclear> gho kañjai gho kaṁpa<lb n="17" break="no"/>ñ· gho saṁAp· gho saṁAp· sot· gho

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<lb n="23"/>khñuṁ tai chpoṅ· tai kaṁvrau tai kandeṅ· tai

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<lb n="26"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> tai kañcū tai kaṁprvat· tai kaṁvrau <unclear>so</unclear>-

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<lem>kande<unclear>ṅ·</unclear> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/></lem>

<rdg source="bib:Jacques2014_01">kandeṅ si</rdg>

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<lem>pandan· tai ka<gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/></lem>

<rdg source="bib:Jacques2014_01">pandana tai kaṁ pa<unclear>ñ tai</unclear></rdg>

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<rdg source="bib:Jacques2014_01">chmik</rdg>

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<rdg source="bib:Jacques2014_01">paṅ varāñ si</rdg>

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<p n="1-13">Another Gho Khñuṁ, Gho Jīva, Gvāl Kandeṅ, <gap reason="lost"/>, Gvāl Chke, Gvāl Sunanda, Gvāl Thgap, Gvāl Kaṁpat, Gvāl Pandan, Gvāl <gap reason="lost"/>, Gvāl Thgot, Tai Thleṁ, Tai Panso, Tai <gap reason="lost"/>, Tai Kanteṅ, Tai Pandan, Tai <gap reason="lost"/>, another <gap reason="lost"/> Tai Saṁ-ap, Tai Khñuṁ, Tai <gap reason="lost"/> Tai Dharmma, Tai Laṅgāy, Tai Chmit, Tai Kandac, Tai Raṁnoc, Tai Śrāddhya, Tai Kaṁvai, Tai Chke accompanied by five daughters <supplied reason="explanation">2 <foreign>si pau</foreign> and 3 <foreign>tai pau</foreign></supplied> and two sons called Praser and Kan-as. Total: 19 male slaves <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>gho</foreign></supplied>, 9 animal keepers <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>gvāl</foreign></supplied>, 21 female slaves <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tai</foreign></supplied>, 2 boys at the age of running <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>si rat</foreign></supplied>, 2 baby boys <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>si pau</foreign></supplied>, 3 baby girls <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tai pau</foreign></supplied>; grand total 56. Among the <foreign>lvan</foreign> people, there are: Gho <gap reason="lost"/>, Gho Thleṁ, Gho Kaṁvai; total: 3.</p>

<p n="13-26">Village of Paṅ Vnaṁ Rāñ: Si Padmaruci, Si Īśatīha, Gho Dharmma, Gho Kaṁvrau, another Gho Kaṁvrau, Gho Tansaṁ, Gho Kañjai, Gho Kaṁpañ, Gho Saṁ-ap, another Gho Saṁ-ap, Gho Thgap, Gho Khñuṁ, another Gho Dharmma, Gho Kaṁpit, Gho Caṁlo, Gho Kanso, another Gho Khñuṁ, Gho Vidyābhāva, Gho Hr̥dayaśiva, Gho Kanras, Gho Kansaṁ, Gvāl Anāy, Gvāl Śivanātha, Gvāl Thgot, Gvāl Kañcū, Gvāl Khñuṁ, Tai Chpoṅ, Tai Kaṁvrau, Tai Kandeṅ, Tai Kanhyaṅ, another Tai Kanhyaṅ, Tai Kantvan, another Tai Kantvan, Tai Kan-ak, Tai <gap reason="lost"/>, Tai Kañcū, Tai Kaṁprvat, another Tai Kaṁvrau.</p>

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<p>First edited by Kunthea Chhom (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Chhom2011_01"/><citedRange unit="page">175-176</citedRange></bibl>) with English translation. Re-edited in French by Claude Jacques without translation (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Jacques2014_01"/><citedRange unit="page">205-206</citedRange></bibl>). Re-edited again in French by Eric Bourdonneau et al. (nd, unpublished). Re-edited here by Kunthea Chhom based on EFEO estampage n. 830-E.</p>

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