Statue of a Śivācārya on the Nhơn Hải Peninsula (C. 214), 15th cenrury CE

Author of digital edition: Arlo Griffiths (argr).

Contributor: Arlo Griffiths (argr).

Language: Old Cham (ocm) [Cam (cam)].

Repository: Campā (tfc-campa-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSCIC00214.

File path: xml/DHARMA_INSCIC00214.xml.

Version: 2026-08-26 06:35 (21bcd9d), last modified 2026-08-26 06:35 (21bcd9d).

Edition

⟨01⟩ (Om̐)
⟨1⟩ […]pu pa[…]
⟨2⟩ […][p]u-pom̃ tana rayā ya dr̥[m̃][…]
⟨3⟩ […][da](da)[m̃]n· dadam̃n· varṇna Urām̃ Aviḥ
⟨4⟩ [|] (s)vast(i) | yām̃ pom̃ ku śrī vr̥ṣu viṣṇujātti vīrabhadrava[rm](m)[ade]-
⟨5⟩ va | br̥ṣuvaṅṣa Ādi pūra ṅgauk· glaum̃ vijaya | prathamāviśeka
⟨6⟩ di śaka Eka-loka-naya-rāma tam̃l· śaka rāja-Ag¿g?i-vānu-ca-
⟨7⟩ kṣu pu-pom̃ ku kā rijan· dhvajakalpa paṇcākṣara klāḥ di pancedri-
⟨8⟩ ya klāḥ di paṇcatāppa ṅan· rijan· śattayañña paṇcamakutta
⟨9⟩ pu-pom̃ ku kā Imyam̃ mvoḥ vākya yām̃ pom̃ ku śrī jayasiṅghavarmma-
⟨10⟩ deva mayvā di rāja dudim̃ pu pom̃ ku kā mapunaḥ vumvom̃ pavvak· Anva-
⟨11⟩ k(·) vrim̃ Adhyā vuḥ […] vuḥ (haI)n· humā […]
⟨12⟩ mram̃m̃k· yām̃ nī ∥

Apparatus

⟨01⟩ (Om̐) • the trace of a sign above line 1 is likely to have been the descending part of this invocation.

⟨3⟩ [da](da)[m̃]n· dadam̃n· ⬦ (na/n·) dadam̃n· ECIC.

⟨4⟩ [|] • space does not seem sufficient for a more substantial liminal sign, and comparison with the lay-out of C. 128 suggests that only a daṇḍa originally preceded svasti here.

⟨5⟩ pūra ṅgauk· glaum̃ vijaya • cf. C. 43, face A, l. 3 pūra ṅauk glaum̃ vijaya. — ⟨5⟩ prathamāviśeka • understand prathamābhiṣeka (cf. C. 43, face A, l. 1-2 for the same spelling). Or pratimābhiṣeka (cf C. 42, l. 11)?

⟨6⟩ -Ag¿g?⟨n⟩i- • Or is the subscript n not different in shape from subscript g in this script variety?

⟨7-8⟩ pancedriya • I suppose that we must understand pañcendriya.

⟨10⟩ kā mapunaḥ • or analyze kāma punaḥ? Cf. C. 43, face A, l. 15 kā ma°udyāna (or kāma udyāna?).

⟨12⟩ mram̃m̃k· ⬦ (m)ram̃k· ECIC.

Translation

... P.P.T.R. has assumed kingship ... various classes of all men.

Hail! His majesty Śrī Vr̥ṣu Viṣṇujāti Vīrabhadravarmadeva, [whose name] begins with Vr̥ṣuvaṁśa, [who hails from] the capital of Ṅauk Glauṅ Vijaya, who had his first royal consecration in Śaka one, (three) worlds, (four) policies, (three) Rāmas, (one) king (i.e. in 1343 Śaka): it came to pass (tam̃l) in Śaka (one) king, (three) fires, (five) arrows, (two) eyes (i.e. in 1352 Śaka) that milord performed a banner-ritual (?, dhvajakalpa) of the five-syllable (mantra) without the five senses, without the five penances and he performed a hundredfold-offering of five crowns. Milord then saw and realized (?, imyam̃ mvoḥ) the instruction (?, vākya) of his majesty Śrī Jayasiṁhavarmadeva to give protection to future kings. Milord then restored the sanctuary, pavvak an anvak, gave adhyā, offered ... this god.

Commentary

With lines 4-5, cf. C. 57 l. 1-2: śrī vr̥ṣuvaṅśa viṣṇujātti vīrabhadravarmmadeva pu pom̃ ku ya ādināmma. In l. 9-10, it seems attractive to understand the sentence in the sense ’instruction to future kings to give protection’. On the expression pavvak anvak, which must denote some action with regard to some kind of strcuture, see Griffiths et al. 2012, p. 214, n. 55, on C. 43, face B, l. 3-4.

Bibliography

First published by Arlo Griffiths (2019). Re-edited here based on renewed study of the available estampages as well as new photographs.

Primary

[ECIC] Griffiths, Arlo. 2019. “Études du corpus des inscriptions du Campā, VI: Epigraphical Texts and Sculptural Steles Produced under the Vīrabhadravarmadevas of 15th-Century Campā.” In: Champa: Territories and Networks of a Southeast Asian Kingdom. Edited by Arlo Griffiths, Andrew Hardy & Geoff Wade. Etudes thématiques 31. Paris: École française d’Extrême-Orient, pp. 193–219. [URL]. Pages 204–206.

Secondary

Griffiths, Arlo, Amandine Lepoutre, William Aelred Southworth & Thành Phần. 2008–2009. “Études du corpus des inscriptions du Campā, III: Épigraphie du Campa 2009-2010: prospection sur le terrain, production d’estampages, supplément à l’inventaire.” BEFEO 95, pp. 435–497. DOI: 10.3406/befeo.2008.6118. [URL]. Page 486.

Display Options Word Wrap Line Numbers Comments Processing Instructions

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_Schema.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>

<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_SQF.sch" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>

<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>

<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>

<title>Statue of a Śivācārya on the Nhơn Hải Peninsula (C. 214), 15th cenrury CE</title>

<resp key="contributor">EpiDoc Encoding</resp>

<surname>Griffths</surname>

</persName>

</respStmt>

<resp key="creator">intellectual authorship of edition</resp>

<surname>Griffths</surname>

</persName>

</respStmt>

<resp key="contributor">Conversion of encoding for DHARMA</resp>

<surname>Griffths</surname>

</persName>

</respStmt>

</titleStmt>

<authority><ref target="https://dharmalekha.info">DHARMA</ref></authority>

<pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>

<idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSCIC00214.xml</idno>

</publicationStmt>

<title>Statue of a Śivācārya on the Nhơn Hải Peninsula</title>

<editor>Arlo Griffiths</editor>

</titleStmt>

<p>First digital edition made by École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO), realized in collaboration with the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World (ISAW) at New York University as <ref target="https://isaw.nyu.edu/publications/inscriptions/campa/index.html">The Corpus of the Inscriptions of Campā, in 2010-2012.</ref>

</p>

</editionStmt>

<authority>École française d'Extrême-Orient (EFEO)</authority>

<idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSCIC00214</idno>

<p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View, California, 94041, USA.</p>

</licence>

</availability>

</publicationStmt>

</biblFull>

<repository>DHARMAbase</repository>

<idno/>

</altIdentifier>

</msIdentifier>

</msContents>

<p/>

</handDesc>

</physDesc>

</msDesc>

</sourceDesc>

</fileDesc>

<p>Encoded in TEI/EpiDoc according to the <ref target="https://hal.science/halshs-02888186">DHARMA Encoding Guide for Documentary Editions, version 2</ref></p>

</encodingDesc>

<change who="part:argr" when="2024-04-21">revised the encoding</change>

<change when="2020-09-14" who="part:axja" status="draft">Campa file transformed to follow the DHARMA encoding structure. Metadata extracted to be checked and updated according DHARMA workflow. Done through XSLT.</change>

</revisionDesc>

</teiHeader>

<desc>Photograph of the front of the sculptural stela whose back bears inscription <ptr/>. Taken by Đinh Bá Hòa on . Reproduced by permission.</desc>

</graphic>

<desc>Photograph of inscription <ptr/>. Taken by Đinh Bá Hòa on . Reproduced by permission.</desc>

</graphic>

<desc>Photograph of EFEO estampage n. 2069.</desc>

</graphic>

</facsimile>

<body>

<lb n="3"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><supplied reason="lost">da</supplied><unclear>da</unclear><supplied reason="lost">m̃</supplied>n· dadam̃n·

varṇna Urām̃ Aviḥ</p>

<p><lb n="4"/><supplied reason="lost"><g ref="sym:bar" type="punctuation">.</g></supplied> <unclear>s</unclear>vast<unclear>i</unclear> <g ref="sym:bar" type="punctuation">.</g> yām̃ pom̃ ku śrī vr̥ṣu viṣṇujātti vīrabhadrava<supplied reason="lost">rm</supplied><unclear>m</unclear><supplied reason="lost">ade</supplied><lb break="no" n="5"/>va <g ref="sym:bar" type="punctuation">.</g> br̥ṣuvaṅṣa Ādi pūra ṅgauk· glaum̃ vijaya <g ref="sym:bar" type="punctuation">.</g> prathamāviśeka

<lb n="6"/>di śaka Eka-loka-naya-rāma tam̃l· śaka rāja-Ag<choice><sic>g</sic><corr>n</corr></choice>i-vānu-ca<lb break="no" n="7"/>kṣu pu-pom̃ ku kā rijan· dhvajakalpa paṇcākṣara klāḥ di pancedri<lb break="no" n="8"/>ya klāḥ di paṇcatāppa ṅan· rijan· śattayañña paṇcamakutta

<lb n="9"/>pu-pom̃ ku kā Imyam̃ mvoḥ vākya yām̃ pom̃ ku śrī jayasiṅghavarmma<lb break="no" n="10"/>deva mayvā di rāja dudim̃ pu pom̃ ku kā mapunaḥ vumvom̃ pavvak· Anva<lb break="no" n="11"/>k<unclear>·</unclear> vrim̃ Adhyā vuḥ <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> vuḥ <unclear>haI</unclear>n· humā <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>

</p>

</div>

<note>the trace of a sign above line 1 is likely to have been the descending part of this invocation.</note>

</app>

<lem><supplied reason="lost">da</supplied><unclear>da</unclear><supplied reason="lost">m̃</supplied>n· dadam̃n·</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Griffiths2019_01"><choice><unclear>na</unclear><unclear>n·</unclear></choice> dadam̃n·</rdg>

</app>

<note>space does not seem sufficient for a more substantial liminal sign, and comparison with the lay-out of <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00128.xml">C. 128</ref> suggests that only a <foreign>daṇḍa</foreign> originally preceded <foreign>svasti</foreign> here.</note>

</app>

<lem>pūra ṅgauk· glaum̃ vijaya</lem>

<note>cf. <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00043.xml">C. 43</ref>, face A, l. 3 <foreign>pūra ṅauk glaum̃ vijaya</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<lem>prathamāviśeka</lem>

<note>understand <foreign>prathamābhiṣeka</foreign> (cf. <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00043.xml">C. 43</ref>, face A, l. 1-2 for the same spelling). Or <foreign>pratimābhiṣeka</foreign> (cf <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00042.xml">C. 42</ref>, l. 11)?</note>

</app>

<note>Or is the subscript <foreign>n</foreign> not different in shape from subscript <foreign>g</foreign> in this script variety?</note>

</app>

<lem>pancedriya</lem>

<note>I suppose that we must understand <foreign>pañcendriya</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<lem>kā mapunaḥ</lem>

<note>or analyze <foreign>kāma punaḥ</foreign>? Cf. <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00043.xml">C. 43</ref>, face A, l. 15 <foreign>kā ma°udyāna</foreign> (or <foreign>kāma udyāna</foreign>?).</note>

</app>

<!--<app loc="11">

<note>A few more akṣaras could probably be recovered here from the M. Guimet estampage.</note>

</app>

-->

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

<p> ... P.P.T.R. has assumed kingship ... various classes of all men.</p>

<p>Hail! His majesty Śrī Vr̥ṣu Viṣṇujāti Vīrabhadravarmadeva, [whose name] begins with Vr̥ṣuvaṁśa, [who hails from] the capital of Ṅauk Glauṅ Vijaya, who had his first royal consecration in Śaka one, (three) worlds, (four) policies, (three) Rāmas, (one) king (i.e. in 1343 Śaka): it came to pass (<foreign>tam̃l</foreign>) in Śaka (one) king, (three) fires, <seg type="check">(five) arrows</seg>, (two) eyes (i.e. in 1352 Śaka) that milord performed a banner-ritual (?, <foreign>dhvajakalpa</foreign>) of the five-syllable (mantra) without the five senses, without the five penances and he performed a hundredfold-offering of five crowns. Milord then saw and realized (?, <foreign>imyam̃ mvoḥ</foreign>) the instruction (?, <foreign>vākya</foreign>) of his majesty Śrī Jayasiṁhavarmadeva to give protection to future kings. Milord then restored the sanctuary, <foreign>pavvak</foreign> an <foreign>anvak</foreign>, gave <foreign><seg type="check">adhyā</seg></foreign>, offered ... this god.</p>

</div>

<p>With lines 4-5, cf. <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00057.xml">C. 57</ref> l. 1-2: <foreign>śrī vr̥ṣuvaṅśa viṣṇujātti vīrabhadravarmmadeva pu pom̃ ku ya ādināmma</foreign>. In l. 9-10, it seems attractive to understand the sentence in the sense 'instruction to future kings to give protection'. On the expression <foreign>pavvak anvak</foreign>, which must denote some action with regard to some kind of strcuture, see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Griffiths+al2012_01"/><citedRange unit="page">214</citedRange><citedRange unit="note">55</citedRange></bibl>, on <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIC00043.xml">C. 43</ref>, face B, l. 3-4.</p>

</div>

<p>First published by Arlo Griffiths (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Griffiths2019_01"/></bibl>). Re-edited here based on renewed study of the available estampages as well as new photographs.</p>

</listBibl>

</listBibl>

</div>

</body>

</text>

</TEI>