Stone block from My Son (C. 82), 1036 Śaka

Editors: Arlo Griffiths, Salomé Pichon.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSCIC00082.

Language: Old Cham.

Repository: Campa (tfc-campa-epigraphy).

Version: (a2d4f44), last modified (14faddc).

Edition

⟨1⟩ |||✤|| svasti|| di śakarāja 1036|| kāla yām̃ po ku śrī harivarmmadeva ya kumvan· yām̃ po ku śrī jaya Inravarmmadeva d[.][4+] ⟨2⟩ mvoḥ yām̃ po ku śrīśānabhadre¡ś!⟨śv⟩ara nim̃ kā ruṅ· hanatap· Upak· chāy· pūrvvakāla trā yām̃ po ku śrī harivarmmadeva ra paṅap· Anvak· tumvrāk· ra paha⟨3⟩tap· sā yam̃ṅ· punaḥ sā yam̃ṅ· trā ra paṅap· Anvak· pirak· ra hatap· mulaṅ· di rāja nan· jem̃ dvā vvāra hatap· prāsāda yām̃ po ku śrīśānabhadre¡ś!⟨śv⟩ara

tra ra ⟨4⟩ vuḥ suvauk· māḥ sā sarutuḥ salapan· pluḥ thil· pirak· srakvak· ñū pāk· pluḥ salapan· thil· dradīk· māḥ sā naṁ pluḥ dvā thil· taliy· māḥ tijuḥ tal· pradap· matā dvā ⟨5⟩ pluḥ dvā thil· dalapan· draṁ paduḥ māḥ sā paum̃ kluv· pluḥ thil· pirak· srakvak· ñū pāk· pluḥ thil· tralāy· māḥ sā salapan· pluḥ dalapan· thil· kluv· draṁ sanraum̃ māḥ (s)[ā] ⟨6⟩ da(la)[pa]n· (p)luḥ dalapan· thi(l)· da(lapa)n· (d)ra(ṁ) vraḥ kala(śa) [2+] kara māḥ sā Ayam̃[ṅ]· māḥ sā pāk· pluḥ na(ṁ) thil· pi(ra)[k]· [1×] (ñ)ū sarutuḥ thil· [s]ra[kvak]· [.]i [ca. 2+] [pe]⟨7⟩nda pāk· rutuḥ thil· sanraum̃ pirak· kluv· penda kluv· rutuḥ dvā pluḥ thil· māḥ huluv· sanrauṅ· sa (p)luḥ dvā (th)i(l)· (pī)ṇa (māḥ l)i(mā) ru(tuḥ) klu[v· pluḥ] ⟨8⟩ salapan· draṁ pirak· salapan· rutuḥ dalapan· thil· pirak· si ha(tap)· prāsāda Ai tumān· sā rivuv· sā (ru)tuḥ sa(lapa)n(·) thil·

(||✤)

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ Inravarmmadeva ⬦ Indravarmmadeva F. — ⟨1⟩ d[.][4+] • Possibly restore dinan· tra ra, a sequence found a few times in other inscriptions, including C. 89.

⟨2⟩ Upak· ⬦ Upāk· F.

⟨5⟩ sanraum̃ māḥ (s)[ā] ⟨6⟩ da(la)[pa]n· ⬦ sanraum̃ māḥ ⟨6⟩ da(lapan·) F.

⟨6⟩ vraḥ kala(śa) [2+] kara māḥ sā F • It is difficult to imagine that the gap did not originally contain the words māḥ sa or māḥ sā, but the breadth of the gap seems insufficent to supply the shorter first variant, so we dare not supply the expected words. — ⟨6⟩ pi(ra)[k]· [1×] (ñ)ū ⬦ pi[rak· srakvak·] ñū F • We agree with Finot that the word srakvak is expected between pirak and ñū, and there seems to be some traces of super- and subscript elements that might indicate a postconsonantal r, a postconsonantal v, and a virāma, but there does not seem to be anywhere near enough space for three full akṣaras. Perhaps the scribe wholly or partly omitted srakvak· and made some attempt to correct the omission. — ⟨6⟩ [s]ra[kvak]· [.]i [ca. 2+] [pe]⟨7⟩nda ⬦ [.]ra[1*] [pe]⟨7⟩nda F • We are unsure whether the word to be supplied between srakvak and penda is pirak or a number word with vowel i in the first syllable, i.e. either lima or tijuḥ.

⟨7⟩ sanrauṅ(·) sa (p)luḥ dvā ⬦ sanrauṅ· dvā F. — ⟨7⟩ (pīṇa māḥ l)i(mā) ru(tuḥ) klu[v· pluḥ] ⬦ [.]īṇa māḥ li[3×] F • The word pīṇa can be read here thanks to the occurrence of the same word, clearly preserved and in a similar context, in C. 89 B, line 31. Finot’s reading, ending the line with the numeral kluv· that is immnediately followed by salapan· in the next next line, would yield an uninterpretable sequence of numeral words.

⟨8⟩ ha(tap)· ⬦ pa[2×] F • The segment tap is extremely unclear on the estampages, but the reading is supported by a parallel passage in C. 92 A, line 11. — ⟨8⟩ Ai tumān· ⬦ Itu māṅ· F.

Translation by Arlo Griffiths and Salomé Pichon

Hail! In [the year of] the Śaka king 1036: [that was] when Y.P.K. Śrī Harivarmadeva who was the nephew of Y.P.K. Śrī Jaya Indravarmadeva […] saw that Y.P.K. Śrīśānabhadreśvara here had a broken roof, not like in former times. And Y.P.K. Harivarmadeva, he built an anvak [and] a tumvrak (or: a glittering anvak). He roofed one yəṅ [and] restored (punaḥ) one yəṅ. And he built a silver anvak. He roofed [it] anew [in] that [year of the Śaka] king. So, two times he roofed the tower of Y.P.K. Śrīśānabhadreśvara.

And he offered: one golden tray, of one hundred and ninety thil; silver for its srakvak, of forty-nine thil; one golden dradīk, of sixty-two thil; [one] golden necklace of seven layers adorned with jewels,1 of twenty-two thil, eight draṁ; one golden paduḥ that is paum̃, of thirty thil; silver for its srakvak, of forty thil; one golden tralāy, of ninety-eight thil, three draṁ; one golden sanrauṅ, of eighty-eight thil, eight draṁ; one golden holy vase, one golden kara, one golden ayam̃, of [altogether] forty-six thil, silver for its srakvak, of one hundred thil; […]inda, of four hundred thil; three silver sanrauṅ, three penda three hundred twenty thil; total (of the three silver sanrauṅ?): three hundred and twenty thil; gold for tops of the sanrauṅ: twelve thil; golden pīṇa: five hundred thirty nine draṁ, silver [pīṇa]: nine hundred and eight thil; silver that roofs the tower of Ai Tumān (or: of his elder tumān): one thousand one hundred nine thil.

Translation into French by Finot 1904

(1–4) Bonheur ! En śakarāja 1036, au temps de S. M. Śrī Harivarmadeva, neveu de S. M. Śrī Indravarmadeva...... voyant que le dieu Śrīśānabhadreśvara.......... précédemment, S. M. Śrī Harivarmadeva fit faire........ d’argent. Il fit tout cela en cette [année śaka]rāja deux fois. Il bâtit une tour (prāsāda) au dieu Śrīśānabhadreśvara, et il donna :

(4–8) 1 suvok d’or, de 190 thil, dont l’alliage d’argent est de 49 thil ; 1 dradīk d’or, de 62 thil ; 7 colliers (talei) d’or, ornés de pierres précieuses, de 22 thil 8 draṁ, 1 paduḥ d’or... de 30 thil, dont l’alliage d’argent est de 40 thil ; 1 tralāy d’or, de 98 thil 3 draṁ ; sanroṅ d’or, de 88 thil 8 draṁ ; 1 aiguière (kalaśa) d’or... 1 ayañ d’or, de 46 thil, avec alliage d’argent de 100 thil ; ............. (pe)nda 400 thil ; huluv sanroṅ, 12 thil...... d’or........ 4...... 9 draṁ d’argent ; 908 thil......... tour..... 1109 thil.

Commentary

Bibliography

First edited with translation into French by L. Finot (1904, pp. 951–952, № 17). The inscription is re-edited here by Arlo Griffiths and Salomé Pichon based on autopsy and the EFEO estampages 319, 320 and n. 334.

Primary

[F] Finot, Louis. 1904. “Notes d’épigraphie, XI : Les inscriptions de Mi-Sơn.” BEFEO 4, pp. 897–977. DOI: 10.3406/befeo.1904.1405. [URL]. Pages 951–952, item 17.

Secondary

Majumdar, Ramesh Chandra. 1927. Ancient Indian colonies in the Far East, Vol. I: Champa. Punjab Oriental (Sanskrit) Series 16. Lahore: The Punjab Sanskrit Book Depot. [URL]. Part 3, pages 175–176, item 68.

Golzio, Karl-Heinz. 2004. Inscriptions of Campā: Based on the editions and translations of Abel Bergaigne, Étienne Aymonier, Louis Finot, Édouard Huber and other French scholars and of the work of R. C. Majumdar; newly presented, with minor corrections of texts and translations, together with calculations of given dates. Aachen: Shaker Verlag. Pages 149–150.

Notes

  1. 1. Or “seven golden layered necklaces adorned with jewels”? It is the fact that Aymonier and Cabaton 1906, s.v. tal cite expression of the type dvā tal “two-layered” and pak tal “four-layered” that makes us inclined to prefer assuming that the words tijuḥ tal are to be read as an attributive expression in our context.