Bodhgaya Stela Inscription of Mahānāman

Author of digital edition: Dániel Balogh (daba).

Language: Sanskrit (san) [Southern Brāhmī (unspecified) (brāhmī_southern_unspecified)].

Repository: SIDDHAM (siddham).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSSiddham00119.

File path: XML-Provisional/DHARMA_INSSiddham00119.xml.

Version: 2026-09-16 10:40 (3083d2d), last modified 2026-09-16 09:24 (c200993).

Edition

⟨01⟩ *
⟨1⟩ vyāpto yenāprameyaḥ sakala-śaśi-rucā sarvvataḥ sa¿tv?a-dhātuḥ ksuṇṇāḥ pāṣaṇḍa-yodhās sugati-patha-rudhas tarkka-śastrābhiyuktāḥ sampūrṇṇo
⟨2⟩ dharmma-koṣaḥ prakr̥ti-ripu-hr̥taḥ sādhito loka-bhūtyai| śāstuḥ śākyaika-vandhor jjayati cirataraṁ tad yaśas-(s)āra-tanttraM|| nairodhīṁ śubha-bhāvanā-
⟨3⟩ m anusr̥taḥ saṁsāra-saṁkleśa-jin maitreyasya kare vimukti-vaśitā yasyādbhutā vyākr̥tā| nirvvāṇāvasare ca yena caraṇau dr̥ṣṭau muneḥ
⟨4⟩ pāvanau| pāyād vaḥ sa munīndra-śāsana-dharaḥ stuty(o) mahā-kāśyapaḥ|| saṁyuktāgamino viśuddha-rajasaḥ sa¿tv?ānukampodyatāḥ śiṣyā
⟨5⟩ yasya sakr̥d vicerur amalāṁ laṅkācalopatyakāM tebhyaḥ śīla-guṇānvitāś ca śataśaḥ śiṣya-praśiṣyāḥ kramāj jātās tuṅga-narendra-
⟨6⟩ -vaṁśa-tilakāḥ protsr̥jya rājya-śriyaM|| dhyānodayāhita-hitaḥ śubhāśubha-viveka-kr̥d vihata-mohaḥ sad-dharmmātula-vibhavo bhavo vabhūva
⟨7⟩ śramaṇas tataḥ|| rāhulākhyaś ca tac-chiṣya Upaseno yatir yataḥ mahānāmā kramād evam upasenas tato paraḥ|| vātsalyaṁ śaraṇā-
⟨8⟩ gatasya satataṁ dīnasya vaiśeṣikaṁ vyāpat-sāyaka-santati-kṣata-dhr̥ter ārttasya cāpatyakaṁ| krūrasyāhita-kāriṇaḥ pravitataṁ vandhor yathā
⟨9⟩ bhāvataḥ evaṁ sac-caritodbhavena yaśasā yasyācitaṁ bhūtalaṁ{|}|| āmra-dvīpādhivāsī pr̥thu-kula-jaladhis tasya śiṣyo mahīyāN
⟨10⟩ laṅkā-dvīpa-prasūtaḥ para-hita-nirataḥ san-mahānāma-nāmā| tenoccair vvodhimaṇḍe śaśi-kara-dhavalaḥ sarvvato maṇḍapena|
⟨11⟩ kāntaḥ prāsāda Eṣa smara-vala-jayinaḥ kārito loka-śāstuḥ|| vyapagata-viṣaya-sneho hata-timira-daśaḥ pradīpavad asaṅgaḥ
⟨12⟩ kuśalenānena jano vodhi-sukham anuttaraṁ bhajatāM|| yāvad dhvāntāpahāri pravitata-kiraṇaḥ sarvvato bhāti bhāsvān yāvat pūrṇṇo mvu-
⟨13⟩ -rāśiḥ phaṇi-phaṇa-kuṭilair ūrmmi cakkrais samantāT yāvac cendrādhivāso vividha-maṇi-śilā-cāru śr̥ṅgaḥ sumeruḥ śobhāḍhya¿M?
⟨14⟩ tāvad etad bhavanam uru-muneḥ śāśvata¿tv?a¿m? prayātu||| samvaT 200 60 9 caittra śu di 7||〰

⟨01⟩ *

1. Sragdharā

⟨1⟩ vyāpto yenāprameyaḥ sakala-śaśi-rucā sarvvataḥ sa¿tv?a-dhātuḥ

ksuṇṇāḥ pāṣaṇḍa-yodhās sugati-patha-rudhas tarkka-śastrābhiyuktāḥ

sampūrṇṇo ⟨2⟩ dharmma-koṣaḥ prakr̥ti-ripu-hr̥taḥ sādhito loka-bhūtyai|

śāstuḥ śākyaika-vandhor jjayati cirataraṁ tad yaśas-(s)āra-tanttraM||

2. Śārdūlavikrīḍita

nairodhīṁ śubha-bhāvanā⟨3⟩m anusr̥taḥ saṁsāra-saṁkleśa-jin

maitreyasya kare vimukti-vaśitā yasyādbhutā vyākr̥tā|

nirvvāṇāvasare ca yena caraṇau dr̥ṣṭau muneḥ ⟨4⟩ pāvanau|

pāyād vaḥ sa munīndra-śāsana-dharaḥ stuty(o) mahā-kāśyapaḥ||

3. Śārdūlavikrīḍita

saṁyuktāgamino viśuddha-rajasaḥ sa¿tv?ānukampodyatāḥ

śiṣyā ⟨5⟩ yasya sakr̥d vicerur amalāṁ laṅkācalopatyakāM

tebhyaḥ śīla-guṇānvitāś ca śataśaḥ śiṣya-praśiṣyāḥ kramāj

jātās tuṅga-narendra⟨6⟩-vaṁśa-tilakāḥ protsr̥jya rājya-śriyaM||

4. Āryā

dhyānodayāhita-hitaḥ śubhāśubha-viveka-kr̥d vihata-mohaḥ

sad-dharmmātula-vibhavo bhavo vabhūva ⟨7⟩ śramaṇas tataḥ||

5. Anuṣṭubh

rāhulākhyaś ca tac-chiṣya

Upaseno yatir yataḥ

mahānāmā kramād evam

upasenas tato paraḥ||

6. Śārdūlavikrīḍita

vātsalyaṁ śaraṇā⟨8⟩gatasya satataṁ dīnasya vaiśeṣikaṁ

vyāpat-sāyaka-santati-kṣata-dhr̥ter ārttasya cāpatyakaṁ|

krūrasyāhita-kāriṇaḥ pravitataṁ vandhor yathā ⟨9⟩ bhāvataḥ

evaṁ sac-caritodbhavena yaśasā yasyācitaṁ bhūtalaṁ||

7. Sragdharā

āmra-dvīpādhivāsī pr̥thu-kula-jaladhis tasya śiṣyo mahīyāN

⟨10⟩ laṅkā-dvīpa-prasūtaḥ para-hita-nirataḥ san-mahānāma-nāmā|

tenoccair vvodhimaṇḍe śaśi-kara-dhavalaḥ sarvvato maṇḍapena|

⟨11⟩ kāntaḥ prāsāda Eṣa smara-vala-jayinaḥ kārito loka-śāstuḥ||

8. Āryā

vyapagata-viṣaya-sneho hata-timira-daśaḥ pradīpavad asaṅgaḥ

⟨12⟩ kuśalenānena jano vodhi-sukham anuttaraṁ bhajatāM||

9. Sragdharā

yāvad dhvāntāpahāri pravitata-kiraṇaḥ sarvvato bhāti bhāsvān

yāvat pūrṇṇo mvu⟨13⟩-rāśiḥ phaṇi-phaṇa-kuṭilair ūrmmi cakkrais samantāT

yāvac cendrādhivāso vividha-maṇi-śilā-cāru śr̥ṅgaḥ sumeruḥ

śobhāḍhya⟨ṁ⟩ ⟨14⟩ tāvad etad bhavanam uru-muneḥ śāśvata¿tv?a¿m? prayātu|||

samvaT 200 60 9 caittra śu di 7||〰

⟨01⟩ *

1. Sragdharā

⟨1⟩ vyāpto yenāprameyaḥ sakala-śaśi-rucā sarvvataḥ sa¿tv?a-dhātuḥ

ksuṇṇāḥ pāṣaṇḍa-yodhās sugati-patha-rudhas tarkka-śastrābhiyuktāḥ

sampūrṇṇo ⟨2⟩ dharmma-koṣaḥ prakr̥ti-ripu-hr̥taḥ sādhito loka-bhūtyai|

śāstuḥ śākyaika-vandhor jjayati cirataraṁ tad yaśas-(s)āra-tanttraM||

2. Śārdūlavikrīḍita

nairodhīṁ śubha-bhāvanā⟨3⟩m anusr̥taḥ saṁsāra-saṁkleśa-jin

maitreyasya kare vimukti-vaśitā yasyādbhutā vyākr̥tā|

nirvvāṇāvasare ca yena caraṇau dr̥ṣṭau muneḥ ⟨4⟩ pāvanau|

pāyād vaḥ sa munīndra-śāsana-dharaḥ stuty(o) mahā-kāśyapaḥ||

3. Śārdūlavikrīḍita

saṁyuktāgamino viśuddha-rajasaḥ sa¿tv?ānukampodyatāḥ

śiṣyā ⟨5⟩ yasya sakr̥d vicerur amalāṁ laṅkācalopatyakāM

tebhyaḥ śīla-guṇānvitāś ca śataśaḥ śiṣya-praśiṣyāḥ kramāj

jātās tuṅga-narendra⟨6⟩-vaṁśa-tilakāḥ protsr̥jya rājya-śriyaM||

4. Āryā

dhyānodayāhita-hitaḥ śubhāśubha-viveka-kr̥d vihata-mohaḥ

sad-dharmmātula-vibhavo bhavo vabhūva ⟨7⟩ śramaṇas tataḥ||

5. Anuṣṭubh

rāhulākhyaś ca tac-chiṣya

Upaseno yatir yataḥ

mahānāmā kramād evam

upasenas tato paraḥ||

6. Śārdūlavikrīḍita

vātsalyaṁ śaraṇā⟨8⟩gatasya satataṁ dīnasya vaiśeṣikaṁ

vyāpat-sāyaka-santati-kṣata-dhr̥ter ārttasya cāpatyakaṁ|

krūrasyāhita-kāriṇaḥ pravitataṁ vandhor yathā ⟨9⟩ bhāvataḥ

evaṁ sac-caritodbhavena yaśasā yasyācitaṁ bhūtalaṁ{|}||

7. Sragdharā

āmra-dvīpādhivāsī pr̥thu-kula-jaladhis tasya śiṣyo mahīyāN

⟨10⟩ laṅkā-dvīpa-prasūtaḥ para-hita-nirataḥ san-mahānāma-nāmā|

tenoccair vvodhimaṇḍe śaśi-kara-dhavalaḥ sarvvato maṇḍapena|

⟨11⟩ kāntaḥ prāsāda Eṣa smara-vala-jayinaḥ kārito loka-śāstuḥ||

8. Āryā

vyapagata-viṣaya-sneho hata-timira-daśaḥ pradīpavad asaṅgaḥ

⟨12⟩ kuśalenānena jano vodhi-sukham anuttaraṁ bhajatāM||

9. Sragdharā

yāvad dhvāntāpahāri pravitata-kiraṇaḥ sarvvato bhāti bhāsvān

yāvat pūrṇṇo mvu⟨13⟩-rāśiḥ phaṇi-phaṇa-kuṭilair ūrmmi cakkrais samantāT

yāvac cendrādhivāso vividha-maṇi-śilā-cāru śr̥ṅgaḥ sumeruḥ

śobhāḍhya¿M?⟨ṁ⟩ ⟨14⟩ tāvad etad bhavanam uru-muneḥ śāśvata¿tv?a¿m? prayātu|||

samvaT 200 60 9 caittra śu di 7||〰

Bibliography

First mentioned in Smith 1886 and Fleet 1886. First edited in Fleet 1886. Re-edited in Fleet 1888. Fleet’s translation reprinted in Cunningham 1892, pp. 60–62. Corrections to interpretation in Kielhorn 1891, p. 190. Discussed in Smith 1902, Tournier 2014.

Originally encoded for Siddham in the project Beyond Boundaries (Grant Agreement No. 609823) by Dániel Balogh (2019, № IN00119). Encoding updated to DHARMA conventions by Dániel Balogh.

Secondary

Fleet, John Faithfull. 1888. Inscriptions of the early Gupta kings and their successors. First edition. Vol. 3. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum. Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing. Item 71.

Bhandarkar, Devadatta Ramakrishna. 1927–1936. A list of the inscriptions of northern India in Brahmi and its derivative scripts, from about 200 A. C.: Appendix to Epigraphia Indica and record of the Archaeological Survey of India, volumes XIX to XXIII. Calcutta: Archaeological Survey of India. [URL]. Item 1325.

Sircar, Dines Chandra. 1983. Select inscriptions bearing on Indian history and civilization. Volume II: from the sixth to the eighteenth century A.D. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass. Book I, item 12.

Tsukamoto Keishō 塚本啓祥. 1996. インド仏教碑銘の研究 I, Text, Note, 和訳 Indo Bukkyō himei no kenkyū I: Text, Note, Wayaku [A comprehensive study of the Indian Buddhist inscriptions, Part I: Text, Notes and Japanese Translation]. Kyōto-shi 京都市: Heirakuji Shoten 平楽寺書店. Items I. Bodh-Gayā 31.

Display Options Word Wrap Line Numbers Comments Processing Instructions

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<ab><lb n="01"/><g ref="sym:unclassified" type="symbol">*</g><!--

The maṅgala symbol is indiscernible in my facsimile. Fleet transcribes it as oṁ (not noting that it is a symbol); Sircar says it's siddham expressed by a symbol. It is definitely outside the margin, level with line 1.

--></ab>

<l n="a"><lb n="1"/>vyāpto yenāprameyaḥ sakala-śaśi-rucā sarvvataḥ sa<sic>tv</sic>a-dhātuḥ</l>

<l n="b">ksuṇṇāḥ pāṣaṇḍa-yodhās sugati-patha-rudhas tarkka-śastrābhiyuktāḥ</l>

<l n="c">sampūrṇṇo <lb n="2"/>dharmma-koṣaḥ prakr̥ti-ripu-hr̥taḥ sādhito loka-bhūtyai|</l><!--

The superfluous punctuation mark in l2 is a short dash, thicker at the left and curving down, like a rotated comma.

-->

<l n="d">śāstuḥ śākyaika-vandhor jjayati cirataraṁ tad yaśas-<unclear>s</unclear>āra-tanttraM||</l><!--

The halanta M in l2 is unclear but seems to be a special character. Other halanta Ms in the inscription seem to be identical; the clearest on the rubbing are the ones at the end of v8 in l12 and at the very end of l13. It consists of a slightly reduced ma with a hook at the top left, with an extra stroke above it that is not a horizontal line, but a curve starting above the middle of the ma and ending at the right-hand side of it, near the bottom line. This extra stroke is thickened (like a comma) at the top left. Compare the similarly derived halanta Ts in l13 and l14, and the halanta N with a modern-looking halanta sign in l9.

--><!--

The end-verse punctuation in l2 is likewise unclear but seems to be a double vertical.

--></lg>

<l n="a">nairodhīṁ śubha-bhāvanā<lb n="3" break="no"/>m anusr̥taḥ saṁsāra-saṁkleśa-jin</l><!--

The half-verse punctuation mark in l3 is again a short dash resembling a rotated comma; similar others below will not be commented on.

-->

<l n="b">maitreyasya kare vimukti-vaśitā yasyādbhutā vyākr̥tā|</l>

<l n="c">nirvvāṇāvasare ca yena caraṇau dr̥ṣṭau muneḥ <lb n="4"/>pāvanau|</l>

<l n="d">pāyād vaḥ sa munīndra-śāsana-dharaḥ stuty<unclear>o</unclear> mahā-kāśyapaḥ||</l><!--

For stutyo in l4, Fleet notes that originally he had read stutyai and the correction stutyo was recommended by Kielhorn (as well as reading amalāṁ instead of Fleet's original atulāṁ in l5). Apparently the o mātrā is not a double śiromātrā here, but one that consists partly of a regular ā mātrā, as in mohaḥ and vibhavo in l6 as well as several other instances later on.

--><!--

The end-verse punctuation in l4 is a clear double vertical; similar others below will not be commented on.

--></lg>

<l n="a">saṁyuktāgamino viśuddha-rajasaḥ sa<sic>tv</sic>ānukampodyatāḥ</l>

<l n="b">śiṣyā <lb n="5"/>yasya sakr̥d vicerur amalāṁ laṅkācalopatyakāM</l><!--

Between pa and tya of opatyakām in l5, there is what seems to be an aborted character. It may be the t of tya, first started too close to pa, which would have left no space for the subscript ya to curve back up, so the engraver may have started the letter again further to the right.

-->

<l n="c">tebhyaḥ śīla-guṇānvitāś ca śataśaḥ śiṣya-praśiṣyāḥ kramāj</l>

<l n="d">jātās tuṅga-narendra<lb n="6" break="no"/>-vaṁśa-tilakāḥ protsr̥jya rājya-śriyaM||</l>

</lg>

<l n="ab">dhyānodayāhita-hitaḥ śubhāśubha-viveka-kr̥d vihata-mohaḥ</l>

<l n="cd">sad-dharmmātula-vibhavo bhavo vabhūva <lb n="7"/>śramaṇas tataḥ||</l>

</lg>

<l n="a">rāhulākhyaś ca tac-chiṣya</l>

<l n="b">Upaseno yatir yataḥ</l><!--

Fleet prints rāhulākhyāś in l7 (as pointed out by Sircar); this is probably a typo.

--><!--

In l7, rya of yatir yataḥ is a regular r plus subscript ya.

-->

<l n="c">mahānāmā kramād evam</l>

<l n="d">upasenas tato paraḥ||</l>

</lg>

<l n="a">vātsalyaṁ śaraṇā<lb n="8" break="no"/>gatasya satataṁ dīnasya vaiśeṣikaṁ</l>

<l n="b">vyāpat-sāyaka-santati-kṣata-dhr̥ter ārttasya cāpatyakaṁ|</l><!--

Note that in l8 anusvāra rather than halanta M is used at the end of both the half and the full verse.

-->

<l n="c">krūrasyāhita-kāriṇaḥ pravitataṁ vandhor yathā <lb n="9"/>bhāvataḥ</l><!--

In l8, rya of vandhor yathā is a regular r plus subscript ya.

--><!--

Fleet prints yathā-bhāvataḥ; I follow Kielhorn _1891:190 in taking these as separate words. Kielhorn also wants to emend bhāvataḥ to kāriṇaḥ; I have not considered this thoroughly, but it seems unnecessary to me: we can take pravitatam in place of a finite verb (as Fleet seems to have done) and understand bandhor yathā bhāvataḥ to mean "with as much good disposition as toward a kinsman".

-->

<l n="d">evaṁ sac-caritodbhavena yaśasā yasyācitaṁ bhūtalaṁ<surplus>|</surplus>||</l><!--

The punctuation at the end of v6 consists of both a comma-dash and a double vertical.

--></lg>

<l n="a">āmra-dvīpādhivāsī pr̥thu-kula-jaladhis tasya śiṣyo mahīyāN</l><!--

The halanta N in l9 seems to be composed of a regular n and a halanta sign below it; the sign much looks like a devanāgarī halanta sign; it also resembles the comma-like punctuation dashes of this inscription.

-->

<l n="b"><lb n="10"/>laṅkā-dvīpa-prasūtaḥ para-hita-nirataḥ san-mahānāma-nāmā|</l>

<l n="c">tenoccair vvodhimaṇḍe śaśi-kara-dhavalaḥ sarvvato maṇḍapena|</l>

<l n="d"><lb n="11"/>kāntaḥ prāsāda Eṣa smara-vala-jayinaḥ kārito loka-śāstuḥ||</l>

</lg>

<l n="ab">vyapagata-viṣaya-sneho hata-timira-daśaḥ pradīpavad asaṅgaḥ</l><!--

Kielhorn _1891:190 notes that the beginning of v8 is reminiscent of Raghuvaṁśa 12.1, nirviṣṭa-viṣaya-snehaḥ.

-->

<l n="cd"><lb n="12"/>kuśalenānena jano vodhi-sukham anuttaraṁ bhajatāM||</l>

</lg>

<l n="a">yāvad dhvāntāpahāri pravitata-kiraṇaḥ sarvvato bhāti bhāsvān</l>

<l n="b">yāvat pūrṇṇo mvu<lb n="13" break="no"/>-rāśiḥ phaṇi-phaṇa-kuṭilair ūrmmi cakkrais samantāT</l><!--

In l12, both Fleet and Sircar read mvu (and correct to mbu). Since v is used for b throughout the inscription, this makes sense, but the subscript character in fact looks very b-ish.

--><!--

The halanta T in l13 is not very clear but seems to be a complex special character like the halanta Ms above. It looks more or less like a ta with the end curving back and up (sort of like tra), with a little something added at the top left and a curving extra stroke from the top middle to the right bottom. The one in l14 is identical.

-->

<l n="c">yāvac cendrādhivāso vividha-maṇi-śilā-cāru śr̥ṅgaḥ sumeruḥ</l>

<l n="d">śobhāḍhya<choice><sic>M</sic><corr>ṁ</corr></choice> <lb n="14"/>tāvad etad bhavanam uru-muneḥ śāśvata<sic>tv</sic>a<sic>m</sic> prayātu|||</l><!--

The halanta M at the end of l13 is obviously triggered by the physical line end. It is preceded by some space (less than an average character's width) so that its right edge is flush with the margin.

--><!--

At the end of v9 we again have both a comma-dash and a double vertical. Here the extra punctuation may be motivated by the boundary between the verse bit and the date.

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<p>samvaT <num value="269"><g type="numeral">200</g> <g type="numeral">60</g> 9</num> caittra śu di <num value="7">7</num>||<g ref="sym:flourish" type="symbol">*</g><!--

I adopt Fleet's reading of the numerals. Sircar reads 268 for the year and 9 for the day. Fleet_1888:274-275n2 notes that a symbol similar to the last figure of the year occurs in the Bhumarā pillar (%IN00080 l9) and another similar one in the Khoh Charter of Saṁkṣobha (IN00081 l24). Fleet thinks the former is 9, but the latter and the one here stand for 7. He adds that the same figure occurs in lines 19 and 21 of the Nepal inscription of Jiṣṇugupta (IA 9 p172) which Bhagwanlal Indraji interpeted as 8 - but Fleet apparently disagrees with that too. The last figure of the year is a plain serifed vertical like a ra letter; the figure of the day looks like a vowel U or an elaborate ru. Ambiguity markup should probably be added.

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The closer sign, preceded by a double vertical, consists of a sign similar to a figure 8 (or a Gupta numeral 20), followed by five more verticals gradually diminishing in size, creating the effect of tapering out (along the centreline), and finally ending in a long horizontal dash.

--></p>

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<p>First mentioned in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Smith1886_01"/></bibl> and <bibl><ptr target="bib:Fleet1886_10"/></bibl>. First edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Fleet1886_11"/></bibl>. Re-edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Fleet1888_01"/></bibl>. Fleet’s translation reprinted in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Cunningham1892_01"/><citedRange>60-62</citedRange></bibl>. Corrections to interpretation in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Kielhorn1891_01"/><citedRange>190</citedRange></bibl>. Discussed in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Smith1902_01"/></bibl>, <bibl><ptr target="bib:Tournier2014_01"/></bibl>. </p>

<p>Originally encoded for Siddham in the project Beyond Boundaries (Grant Agreement No. 609823) by Dániel Balogh (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Balogh2019_03"/><citedRange unit="item">IN00119</citedRange></bibl>). Encoding updated to DHARMA conventions by Dániel Balogh.</p>

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