Sarnath Inscription of Prakaṭāditya
Version: (3083d2d), last modified (c200993).
Edition
⟨1⟩ (devā) [**************] [||] [**] kāśīti-vikhyātaṁ puraṁ (kāśe?)na bhūṣitaṁ| [**] [⏓⏓⏑––⏓] [⏓⏓⏓⏓⏑–⏑⏓] [********]
⟨2⟩ (pu)raṁdara I[va] [**] [|] [********] [****] pataty a(ho?)|| (tu)ṅga-(taraṅga-va?) [**] śāstra-vido [****] taṭān(āṁ|) (ka?)ri [**] […] […]
⟨3⟩ rān madhya-da [.][.] ṁśam ānītaḥ| tad-vaṁśa-sambhavo nyo vālādityo nr̥paḥ prītyā|| tad-gotra-lavdha-janmā vālādityo [*] […] […]
⟨4⟩ patiḥ|| tasya dhavaleti jāyā pati-vratā rohiṇīva candrasya| gaurīva śūlapāṇer l(l)akṣmīr iva vāsu[de][vasya||] […]
⟨5⟩ [pra]tāpa-tapt-āmitra-vadhū-sindhu-śo[ṣa] [*******] ti-vinayā dvaya-bh(r̥?)taṁ bhakti-dharmm-aika-śakti-satata-prathita [*] […]
⟨6⟩ (?)(u)ḥ suta-va(tsala) [*] (||?) [********] sutaḥ (śauryya-vinaya)-sampannaḥ| śrīmān pra(ka)ṭādi(tyo) [*] […] […]
⟨7⟩ [dvi]ja-vara-nikar-āśrayaḥ pra(vr̥ddha?)-guṇaḥ| kalpa-druma Iva nitarāṁ niṣkampaḥ prakaṭa-mūlo pi(||) [*] […] [|] [**]
⟨8⟩ dvija-gaṇa-sevyaḥ sa[tata?]ṁ vidvat-samudaya-vihita-ruciḥ|| nir[jj]ita-(du)rjjaya-śat(tru)s tri [*] […] [|] […]
⟨9⟩ (pū?)rvvaḥ kārttikeya Iva|| yasya [–] v(e?) [⏑⏑⏑] nirgata [–⏑] luvdha-hr̥ṣṭa-bhramad-bhrama[ra] [–⏑] vi(rakta?)[–][⏓][|] [––⏑–⏑⏑⏑–⏑⏑–⏑–⏓] [––⏑–⏑]
⟨10⟩ ta-dinaṁ pr̥thu-puṣkariṇyaḥ|| (yena?) ripu-sundarīṇāṁ malināni kr̥tāni v(i)pu(la) [***] (|?) [**] […] [||] […]
⟨11⟩ [*] na(śana?)-(dvi)ja-gu(ru) [***********] (kāritam eta?)d bhavanaṁ muradviṣo ra [*****] […]
⟨12⟩ [********************] (yābhāsu?)yutāyāmikā prakaṭa(pusa?) [*] […]
⟨13⟩ [********************] (sa ca?) bahu-mato dharmma-yaśo-rāśi [**] […]
⟨14⟩ [********************] ya(ḥ?)|| khaṇḍa-(sphu)ṭita-saṁskāra [***] dhū [*] […]
⟨15⟩ [*********************] (haṁsa-bha) [*] praśastiḥ svā [*] [***] (taḥ||?) […]
⟨15⟩ [*********************] (rā)maca(ndra-puttre)ṇa deva(kena||)
Bibliography
First noticed and edited (with plate) in Fleet 1888.
Originally encoded for Siddham in the project Beyond Boundaries (Grant Agreement No. 609823) by Dániel Balogh (2019, № IN00071). Encoding updated to DHARMA conventions by Dániel Balogh.
Secondary
Fleet, John Faithfull. 1888. Inscriptions of the early Gupta kings and their successors. First edition. Vol. 3. Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum. Calcutta: Superintendent of Government Printing. Item 79.
Bhandarkar, Devadatta Ramakrishna. 1927–1936. A list of the inscriptions of northern India in Brahmi and its derivative scripts, from about 200 A. C.: Appendix to Epigraphia Indica and record of the Archaeological Survey of India, volumes XIX to XXIII. Calcutta: Archaeological Survey of India. [URL]. Item 1789.
Agrawala, Prithvi Kumar. 1983. Imperial Gupta Epigraphs (गुप्ताधिराजलेखमण्डल). Ancient Indian Epigraphical Sources (प्रत्नाभिलेखसंहिता) 10, pt. 1 / 2. Varanasi: Books Asia, Distributed by Prithvi Prakashan. Item 60.
Goyal, Śrīrām. 1993. गुप्तकालीन अभिलेख/Guptakālīna Abhilekha (Inscriptions of the Gupta Age). Jodhpur: Kusumanjali Prakashan. Items 322-323.
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<p><!--
Agrawala reads an Oṁ symbol (not in Fleet's transcript) at the beginning of the first line. The facsimile has what looks like an opening parenthesis before the character that may be "de". If this is indeed a mangala symbol, then we have proof that the left-hand edge of the slab has not been cut away. But the mark is very faint, and the margin, if it was here at all, seems in subsequent lines to have been a little bit to the left of this point.
--><lb n="1"/><unclear>devā</unclear> <gap reason="illegible" precision="low" quantity="14" unit="character"/> <supplied reason="lost"><!-- CHECK if <unclear> applies better.-->||</supplied><!--
Fleet: devo.
--></p>
<lg n="1" met="anuṣṭubh"><!--
Fleet and Agrawala suppose that all the inscription except the end is in verse. I number and segment only verses of at least tentatively recognisable metre, leaving fragments as prose.
-->
<l n="a"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="2" unit="character"/> kāśīti-vikhyātaṁ</l>
<l n="b">puraṁ <unclear cert="low">kāśe</unclear>na bhūṣitaṁ|<!--
Fleet: kāmena. kāśena sounds nice as a popular etymology. Other possibilities abound, e.g. jñānena.
--><!--
The punctuation sign is a regular daṇḍa.
--></l>
<l n="c"><gap reason="illegible" precision="low" quantity="2" unit="character"/> <seg met="==-++="><gap reason="lost" quantity="6" unit="character"/></seg></l>
<l n="d"><seg met="====-+-="><gap reason="lost" quantity="8" unit="character"/></seg></l>
</lg>
<lg n="2" met="anuṣṭubh"><certainty match="../@met" locus="value"/><!--
This could also be an anuṣṭubh fragment, but this is far from certain and is not taken so by Fleet or Agrawala. If it is, then we must assume 24 lost characters (including 2 erased to illegibility at the right-hand edge of the slab) as opposed to Fleet's "at least 18", which is based on the verse beginning in l3 and ending in l4 (i.e. my v4, an āryā; if my count is right, we are missing 34 morae, which could very well be about 24 syllables). Also, given the vasantatilakā (v10 by my count) in l9-10, there are 22 characters lost (including a daṇḍa), so 24 could very plausibly fit in here.
-->
<l n="a"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="8" unit="character"/></l>
<l n="b"><lb n="2"/><unclear>pu</unclear>raṁdara I<supplied reason="lost"><!-- CHECK if <unclear> applies better.-->va</supplied> <gap reason="illegible" quantity="2" unit="character"/> <supplied reason="lost"><!-- CHECK if <unclear> applies better.-->|</supplied></l>
<l n="c"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="8" unit="character"/></l>
<l n="d"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="4" unit="character"/> pataty a<unclear cert="low">ho</unclear>||<!--
The punctuation sign is indiscernible in the facsimile.
--></l>
</lg>
<p><unclear>tu</unclear>ṅga-<unclear cert="low">taraṅga-va</unclear> <gap reason="illegible" quantity="2" unit="character"/> śāstra-vido <gap reason="illegible" quantity="4" unit="character"/> taṭān<unclear>āṁ|</unclear> <unclear cert="low">ka</unclear>ri <gap reason="illegible" quantity="2" unit="character"/> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
</p><!--
Sizes of lacunae are my estimates. On the facsimile I can make out ś.(s).i.d. that must be śāstravido, and I see what editors have read as taṭānāṁ|. The third character of the lacuna between these two has an almost certain o mātrā, maybe no or ko. I am, however, puzzled by Fleet and Agrawala's kari, which they print as clear, but which looks like ḍhari to me, followed by another possible ḍha and vestiges of one more character.
--><lg n="3" met="āryā">
<l n="ab"><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <lb n="3"/>rān madhya-da <seg type="component" subtype="consonant"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="component"/></seg><seg type="component" subtype="vowel"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="component"/></seg> ṁśam ānītaḥ|<!--
The āryā metre does not seem to work out with Fleet's (and Agrawala's) readings. We probably need to add and/or remove a few vowel mātrās. In particular, I can't see ā in "mā", and there may well be e or o over "nma" (though this does not affect the prosody).
--><!--
The closing punctuation sign is a regular daṇḍa. No further comments on single daṇḍas at half-verses.
--></l>
<l n="cd">tad-vaṁśa-sambhavo nyo vālādityo nr̥paḥ prītyā||<!--
The closing punctuation sign is a regular double daṇḍa. No further comments on double daṇḍas at verse ends.
--></l>
</lg>
<lg n="4" met="āryā"><certainty match="../@met" locus="value"/>
<l n="a">tad-gotra-lavdha-janmā vālādityo <gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/></l>
<l n="b"><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <lb n="4"/>patiḥ||</l>
</lg>
<lg n="5" met="āryā">
<l n="ab">tasya dhavaleti jāyā pati-vratā rohiṇīva candrasya|</l>
<l n="cd">gaurīva śūlapāṇer l<unclear>l</unclear>akṣmīr iva vāsu<supplied reason="lost"><!-- CHECK if <unclear> applies better.-->de</supplied><supplied reason="lost">vasya||</supplied></l>
</lg>
<p><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>
<lb n="5"/><supplied reason="lost">pra</supplied>tāpa-tapt-āmitra-vadhū-sindhu-śo<supplied reason="lost"><!-- CHECK if <unclear> applies better.-->ṣa</supplied> <gap reason="illegible" precision="low" quantity="7" unit="character"/> ti-vinayā dvaya-bh<unclear cert="low">r̥</unclear>taṁ bhakti-dharmm-aika-śakti-satata-prathita <gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><!--
No matter how hard I try, I can't match these fragments to an āryā. The fragment before the lacuna might work out with a slurred caesura at taptā:mitra, but not otherwise. The second fragment contains several sequences that are absolutely impossible in āryā.
--><!--
As regards readings, the first fragment is convincing; the second is not and affords plenty of alternatives. I'm pretty certain the last character of "vinayā" is not yā (or the preceding character is not na) - maybe viṣayā? "bhr̥" could be many other things, bhū, na, tu, whatever. Perhaps read saṅgi instead if śakti? Or perhaps śuddhi?
--><lb n="6"/><unclear cert="low"/><unclear>u</unclear>ḥ suta-va<unclear>tsala</unclear> <gap reason="illegible" precision="low" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <unclear cert="low">||</unclear>
</p>
<lg n="6" met="āryā"><certainty match="../@met" locus="value"/><!--
This segment is not marked as verse in previous editions, but it's almost certainly the middle part of another āryā.
-->
<l n="a"><gap reason="illegible" precision="low" quantity="8" unit="character"/> sutaḥ <unclear>śauryya-vinaya</unclear>-sampannaḥ|<!--
I'm pretty sure there are at least 2, probably 3 subscript y-s in the lacuna.
--></l>
<l n="b">śrīmān pra<unclear>ka</unclear>ṭādi<unclear>tyo</unclear> <gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><!--
Fleet and Agrawala print the name prakaṭāditya as clear. I've added unclear markup.
--></l>
</lg>
<lg n="7" met="āryā">
<l n="ab"><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <lb n="7"/><supplied reason="lost"><!-- CHECK if <unclear> applies better.-->dvi</supplied>ja-vara-nikar-āśrayaḥ pra<unclear cert="low">vr̥ddha</unclear>-guṇaḥ|</l>
<l n="cd">kalpa-druma Iva nitarāṁ niṣkampaḥ prakaṭa-mūlo pi<unclear>||</unclear></l>
</lg>
<lg n="8" met="gīti"><certainty match="../@met" locus="value"/><!--
Fleet and Agrawala give āryā as the metre, but if the (clear) double daṇḍa is really at the end of the verse, then it can't be an āryā, only gīti or udgīti.
-->
<l n="a"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <supplied reason="lost">|</supplied></l>
<l n="b"><gap reason="lost" precision="low" quantity="2" unit="character"/> <lb n="8"/>dvija-gaṇa-sevyaḥ sa<supplied reason="lost" cert="low">tata</supplied>ṁ vidvat-samudaya-vihita-ruciḥ||</l>
</lg>
<lg n="9" met="āryā">
<l n="ab">nir<supplied reason="lost">jj</supplied>ita-<unclear>du</unclear>rjjaya-śat<unclear>tru</unclear>s tri <gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <supplied reason="lost">|</supplied></l>
<l n="cd"><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <lb n="9"/><unclear cert="low">pū</unclear>rvvaḥ kārttikeya Iva||</l>
</lg>
<lg n="10" met="vasantatilakā">
<l n="a" enjamb="yes">yasya <seg met="+"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/></seg> v<unclear cert="low">e</unclear> <seg met="---"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="3" unit="character"/></seg> nirgata <seg met="+-"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="2" unit="character"/></seg> luvdha<!--
For my v(?e) Fleet and Agrawala only read va.
--></l>
<l n="b">-hr̥ṣṭa-bhramad-bhrama<supplied reason="lost"><!-- CHECK if <unclear> applies better.-->ra</supplied> <seg met="+-"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="2" unit="character"/></seg> vi<unclear cert="low">rakta</unclear><seg met="+"><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/></seg><seg met="="><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/></seg><supplied reason="lost">|</supplied><!--
For my vi(?rakta) Fleet and Agrawala only read vi.
--></l>
<l n="c"><seg met="++-+---+--+-+="><gap reason="lost" quantity="14" unit="character"/></seg></l>
<l n="d"><seg met="++-+-"><gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character"/></seg> <lb n="10"/>ta-dinaṁ pr̥thu-puṣkariṇyaḥ||</l>
</lg>
<lg n="11" met="āryā"><certainty match="../@met" locus="value"/>
<l n="a"><unclear cert="low">yena</unclear> ripu-sundarīṇāṁ malināni kr̥tāni v<unclear>i</unclear>pu<unclear>la</unclear> <gap reason="illegible" precision="low" quantity="3" unit="character"/> <unclear cert="low">|</unclear></l>
<l n="b"><gap reason="illegible" precision="low" quantity="2" unit="character"/> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <supplied reason="lost">||</supplied><!--
Fleet and Agrawala seem to take the next fragment as part if this verse, but judging from my calculation of 22-24 lost characters in each line, v11 ought to have ended near the start of l11; since no double daṇḍa is distinguishable at the beginning of l11, I assume the verse ended before the start of this line
--></l>
</lg>
<p><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <lb n="11"/><gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/> na<unclear cert="low">śana</unclear>-<unclear>dvi</unclear>ja-gu<unclear>ru</unclear> <gap reason="illegible" precision="low" quantity="11" unit="character"/> <unclear cert="low">kāritam eta</unclear>d bhavanaṁ muradviṣo ra <gap reason="illegible" quantity="5" unit="character"/> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><!--
Fleet and Agrawala print a double daṇḍa (which they probably assume to mark the end of v11) somewhere inside my 11-character lacuna. I se nothing resembling daṇḍas here and do not expect a double one at this point. They also print kāritam etad as clear, but it isn't on the facsimile.
--><lb n="12"/><gap reason="illegible" precision="low" quantity="20" unit="character"/> <unclear cert="low">yābhāsu</unclear>yutāyāmikā prakaṭa<unclear cert="low">pusa</unclear> <gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><!--
I'm tempted do read yadā instead of yābhā.
--><!--
Fleet and Agrawala do not print the characters that look like pu and sa at the end.
--><lb n="13"/><gap reason="illegible" precision="low" quantity="20" unit="character"/> <unclear cert="low">sa ca</unclear> bahu-mato dharmma-yaśo-rāśi <gap reason="illegible" quantity="2" unit="character"/> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><!--
Fleet and Agrawala do not print the characters that look like sa and ca at the beginning of the "legible" bit.
--><lb n="14"/><gap reason="illegible" precision="low" quantity="20" unit="character"/> ya<unclear cert="low">ḥ</unclear>|| khaṇḍa-<unclear>sphu</unclear>ṭita-saṁskāra <gap reason="illegible" precision="low" quantity="3" unit="character"/> dhū <gap reason="illegible" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><!--
If there is a visarga after the ya (as read, tentatively, by Fleet and Agrawala), then it seems to be a later insertion, with the upper dot at the baseline between ya and ||, and the lower dot between this line and the next. More likely these are just holes in the stone.
--><!--
The double daṇḍa implies that we are still dealing with verse. If Fleet's reading is correct (sphu, which he prints as clear, seems very uncertain to me and skā is far from clear too) then the stanza beginning here is certainly not āryā; it could be anuṣṭubh (indeed, Fleet had thought the same). Since it's such a small fragment, I'm not marking it up as verse.
--><lb n="15"/><gap reason="illegible" precision="low" quantity="21" unit="character"/> <unclear>haṁsa-bha</unclear> <gap reason="illegible" precision="low" quantity="1" unit="character"/> praśastiḥ svā <gap reason="illegible" precision="low" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <gap reason="illegible" precision="low" quantity="3" unit="character"/> <unclear cert="low">taḥ||</unclear> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><!--
Fleet and Agrawala read (?ta)ḥ|| at the end. I see what might be a visarga and the top of a double daṇḍa, but the whole thing seems too small vertically and is more likely to be something else.
--><lb n="15"/><gap reason="illegible" precision="low" quantity="21" unit="character"/> <unclear>rā</unclear>maca<unclear>ndra-puttre</unclear>ṇa deva<unclear>kena||</unclear><!--
Fleet and Agrawala deem more of the last line clear; I've added unclear markup to characters I can't discern on the facsimile.
--></p>
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<p>First noticed and edited (with plate) in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Fleet1888_01"/></bibl>.</p>
<p>Originally encoded for Siddham in the project Beyond Boundaries (Grant Agreement No. 609823) by Dániel Balogh (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Balogh2019_03"/><citedRange unit="item">IN00071</citedRange></bibl>). Encoding updated to DHARMA conventions by Dániel Balogh.</p>
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<bibl><ptr target="bib:Fleet1888_01"/><citedRange unit="item">79</citedRange></bibl>
<bibl><ptr target="bib:Bhandarkar1927-1936_01"/><citedRange unit="item">1789</citedRange></bibl>
<bibl><ptr target="bib:Agrawala1983_01"/><citedRange unit="item">60</citedRange></bibl>
<bibl><ptr target="bib:Goyal1993_01"/><citedRange unit="item">322-323</citedRange></bibl>
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