SII 3.123: original edition by H. Krishna Sastri

Alternative title: “XIV.—INSCRIPTIONS OF PARAKESARIVARMAN UTTAMA-CHOLA. No. 123.—ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE CENTRAL SHRINE IN THE MADHUVANESVARA TEMPLE AT TIRUKKALAVUR. No. 35 of 1910.”

Author of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: This record which is dated in the 16th year of Parakēsarivarman, registers a sale of land by the village assembly, for the maintenance of a lamp in the temple of Śiva at Tirukkarugāvūr. The inscription may be one of king Parakēsarivarman Uttama-Chōḷa on account of its high regnal year, if not one of Parakēsarivarman Parāntaka I.

Palaeographic description: The puḷḷis are marked almost throughout the inscription.

Language: Tamil (tam) [Tamil (tamil)].

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0123.

File path: SII03/DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0123.xml.

Version: 2026-01-26 15:35 (83049dc), last modified 2026-01-16 14:44 (6feee7d).

Edition

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī | ~ koppara(kecaripaṉ)maṟkku yā-
⟨2⟩ ṇṭu 3 Āvatu tiru(kka)rukāvūr (mahādevaṟ)
⟨3⟩ (svasti śrī) [||] k(o)ppara(ke)caripanma⟨r⟩kku (yāṇ)ṭu
⟨4⟩ (10) 6 Āvatu tirukkarukāvūr mahādevar-
⟨5⟩ k=ku Ivvūr mulaparuṭaipperumakkaḷom
⟨6⟩ Idevark=ku candrādittavat· Iṟaiyiliya-
⟨7⟩ (āka k=ku)ṭutta ṉilamāvatu [||] Eṅ(kaḷ sabhai) kūṭṭu-
⟨8⟩ (vā)ṉilam tiruvuṇṇāḻikaippuṟat(tu) vaṭakaṇṭattu E-
⟨9⟩ (ṅka)ḷ (Iraṇṭu) māvum teṉkaṇṭat(tu) meṟk=kaṭaiya (O)-
⟨10⟩ (ru) māvum Ākat taṭi Iraṇṭā⟨l⟩ nilaṉ muṉṟumāvum ca(v)ai kūṭṭu-
⟨11⟩ (v)ā¿ṉ Il? maṉaiyāka kalli viḷaikiṉṟa cuṇṭaikuḻi kāṇi(yu)m (Āka ni)-
⟨12⟩ laṉ muṉṟu(mākkā)ṇiyu⟨m⟩ mik¿i?tikkuṟaivu Uḷḷaṭaṅka viṟṟu(kku)ṭu(ttuk)-
⟨13⟩ koṇṭa [*****] ḷ kācu paḻav(ā)vu muppattoṉṟum Ik(k)ā(cu mup)pa-
⟨14⟩ (t)to(ṉṟuṅ ko)ṇṭu Iṉṉilam 3/20 3/80 yum muṉpum Iṟaiyili Ānamai(yi)-
⟨15⟩ (l ca)ndrādit=tavaṟ Iṟaiyiliyāka viṟṟukkuṭuttom tirukkarukā(vū)r mahā-
⟨16⟩ [***********] (perumakkaḷ)om Itu panmāheśvarara(kṣai) [||]

Apparatus

⟨13⟩ koṇṭa [5+] ḷ • The gap may be filled up with the syllables vilaipporu.

⟨16⟩ [11+] • The gap may be filled up with the syllables devarkku mūlaparuṭaip.

Translation by Krishna Sastri 1920

(Line 1.). Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 3rd year of (the reign of) king Parakēsarivarman, (to the god) Mahādēva (Śiva) of Tirukkarugāvūr¹ .

(L. 3.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 16th year of (the reign of) king Parakēsarivarman, we the great men of the chief assembly (mūla-paruḍai) of this village gave the following land free of taxes till the moon and the sun (endure) to this god Mahādēva (Śiva) of Tirukkarugāvūr.

(L. 7.) Two mā of our land of Sabhaikūṭṭuvāṉ in the northern kaṇḍam of the land belonging to the sacred interior and one mā (of land) to the west of the southern kaṇḍam,—in all, three mā of land comprised of two taḍi; and one kāṇi of land (called) Śuṇḍaikuḻi in (the field called) Sabhaikūṭṭuvāṉ which being a maṉai, is cultivated and is yielding crop;—together, three mā and (one) kāṇi of land including excess and deficiency (in measurement), (we) have sold and received thirty-one kāśu of paḻavāvu². Having received these thirty-one kāśu we the great men of the chief assembly sold this land (viz.,) three mā and kāṇi³ to (the god) Mahādēva (Śiva) of Tirukkarugāvūr and exempted it from taxes, it being tax-free already, as long as the moon and the sun (endure). This (shall be under) the protection of (the assembly of) all Māhēśvaras.

Bibliography

Digital edition of SII 3.123 by Krishna Sastri 1920 converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

[SII] Krishna Sastri, H. 1920. South-Indian inscriptions. Volume III: Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil country. Part III: Inscriptions of Aditya I, Parantaka I, Madiraikonda, Rajakesarivarman, Parantaka II, Uttama-Chola, Parthivendravarman and Aditya-Karikala and the Tiruvalangadu plates of Rajendra-Chola I. South Indian Inscriptions 3.3. Madras: Government Press. Pages 259–260, item 123.

Notes

1. This must have been the beginning of a separate inscription which is left unfinished.
2. The exact meaning of this word is not clear.
3. The extent 3 mā and kāṉi is expressed by numerical symbols.

Display Options Word Wrap Line Numbers Comments Processing Instructions

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<title>SII 3.123: original edition by H. Krishna Sastri</title>

<title type="alt">XIV.—INSCRIPTIONS OF PARAKESARIVARMAN UTTAMA-CHOLA. No. 123.—ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE CENTRAL SHRINE IN THE MADHUVANESVARA TEMPLE AT TIRUKKALAVUR. No. 35 of 1910.</title>

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<p>This record which is dated in the 16th year of <hi rend="bold">Parakēsarivarman</hi>, registers a sale of land by the village assembly, for the maintenance of a lamp in the temple of Śiva at <hi rend="bold">Tirukkarugāvūr</hi>. The inscription may be one of king <hi rend="bold">Parakēsarivarman Uttama-Chōḷa</hi> on account of its high regnal year, if not one of <hi rend="bold">Parakēsarivarman Parāntaka</hi> I.</p>

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<lb n="1"/><hi rend="grantha">svasti śrī</hi> <g type="danda">.</g> <g type="dashLong">.</g> koppara<unclear>kecaripaṉ</unclear>maṟkku yā

<lb n="2" break="no"/>ṇṭu 3 Āvatu tiru<unclear>kka</unclear>rukāvūr <unclear><hi rend="grantha">mahāde</hi>vaṟ</unclear>

<lb n="3"/><hi rend="grantha"><unclear>svasti śrī</unclear></hi> <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="ddanda">.</g></supplied> k<unclear>o</unclear>ppara<unclear>ke</unclear>caripa<hi rend="grantha">nma</hi><supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>kku <unclear>yāṇ</unclear>ṭu

<lb n="4"/><num value="16"><unclear>10</unclear> 6</num> Āvatu tirukkarukāvūr <hi rend="grantha">mahāde</hi>var

<lb n="5" break="no"/>k=ku Ivvūr mulaparuṭaipperumakkaḷom

<lb n="6"/>I<hi rend="grantha">de</hi>vark=ku ca<hi rend="grantha">ndrādi</hi>ttava<hi rend="grantha">t·</hi> Iṟaiyiliya

<lb n="7" break="no"/><unclear>āka k=ku</unclear>ṭutta ṉilamāvatu <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="ddanda">.</g></supplied> Eṅ<unclear>kaḷ <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi></unclear> kūṭṭu

<lb n="8" break="no"/><unclear>vā</unclear>ṉilam tiruvuṇṇāḻikaippuṟat<unclear>tu</unclear> vaṭakaṇṭattu E

<lb n="9" break="no"/><unclear>ṅka</unclear>ḷ <unclear>Iraṇṭu</unclear> māvum teṉkaṇṭat<unclear>tu</unclear> meṟk=kaṭaiya <unclear>O</unclear>

<lb n="10" break="no"/><unclear>ru</unclear> māvum Ākat taṭi Iraṇṭā<supplied reason="omitted">l</supplied> nilaṉ muṉṟumāvum ca<unclear>v</unclear>ai kūṭṭu

<lb n="11" break="no"/><unclear>v</unclear>ā<choice><sic>ṉ Il</sic><corr>ṉil</corr></choice> maṉaiyāka kalli viḷaikiṉṟa cuṇṭaikuḻi kāṇi<unclear>yu</unclear>m <unclear>Āka ni</unclear>

<lb n="12" break="no"/>laṉ muṉṟu<unclear>mākkā</unclear>ṇiyu<supplied reason="omitted">m</supplied> mik<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>u</corr></choice>tikkuṟaivu Uḷḷaṭaṅka viṟṟu<unclear>kku</unclear>ṭu<unclear>ttuk</unclear>

<lb n="13" break="no"/>koṇṭa <gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character"/> ḷ kācu paḻav<unclear>ā</unclear>vu muppattoṉṟum Ik<unclear>k</unclear>ā<unclear>cu mup</unclear>pa

<lb n="14" break="no"/><unclear>t</unclear>to<unclear>ṉṟuṅ ko</unclear>ṇṭu Iṉṉilam <seg rend="check">3/20 3/80</seg> yum muṉpum Iṟaiyili Ānamai<unclear>yi</unclear>

<lb n="15" break="no"/><unclear>l ca</unclear><hi rend="grantha">ndrādi</hi>t=tavaṟ Iṟaiyiliyāka viṟṟukkuṭuttom tirukkarukā<unclear>vū</unclear>r <hi rend="grantha">mahā</hi>

<lb n="16" break="no"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="11" unit="character"/> <unclear>perumakkaḷ</unclear>om Itu <hi rend="grantha">panmāheśvarara<unclear>kṣai</unclear></hi> <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="ddanda">.</g></supplied>

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<lem>koṇṭa <gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character"/> ḷ</lem>

<note>The gap may be filled up with the syllables <foreign>vilaipporu</foreign>.</note>

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<note>The gap may be filled up with the syllables <foreign><hi rend="grantha">de</hi>varkku mūlaparuṭaip</foreign>.</note>

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<p>(Line 1.). Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 3rd year of (<hi rend="italic">the reign of</hi>) king <hi rend="bold">Parakēsarivarman</hi>, (<hi rend="italic">to the god</hi>) <hi rend="bold">Mahādēva</hi> (<hi rend="italic">Śiva</hi>) of <hi rend="bold">Tirukkarugāvūr</hi><note>This must have been the beginning of a separate inscription which is left unfinished.</note> .</p>

<p>(L. 3.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 16th year of (<hi rend="italic">the reign of</hi>) king <hi rend="bold">Parakēsarivarman</hi>, we the great men of the chief assembly (<hi rend="italic">mūla-paruḍai</hi>) of this village gave the following land free of taxes till the moon and the sun (<hi rend="italic">endure</hi>) to this god <hi rend="bold">Mahādēva</hi> (<hi rend="italic">Śiva</hi>) of <hi rend="bold">Tirukkarugāvūr</hi>.</p>

<p>(L. 7.) Two <hi rend="italic">mā</hi> of our land of <hi rend="bold">Sabhaikūṭṭuvāṉ</hi> in the northern <hi rend="italic">kaṇḍam</hi> of the land belonging to the sacred interior and one <hi rend="italic">mā (of land</hi>) to the west of the southern <hi rend="italic">kaṇḍam</hi>,—in all, three <hi rend="italic">mā</hi> of land comprised of two <hi rend="italic">taḍi</hi>; and one <hi rend="italic">kāṇi</hi> of land (<hi rend="italic">called</hi>) <hi rend="bold">Śuṇḍaikuḻi</hi> in (<hi rend="italic">the field called</hi>) <hi rend="bold">Sabhaikūṭṭuvāṉ</hi> which being a <hi rend="italic">maṉai</hi>, is cultivated and is yielding crop;—together, three <hi rend="italic">mā</hi> and (<hi rend="italic">one) kāṇi</hi> of land including excess and deficiency (<hi rend="italic">in measurement), (we</hi>) have sold and received thirty-one <hi rend="italic">kāśu</hi> of <hi rend="italic">paḻavāvu</hi><note>The exact meaning of this word is not clear.</note>. Having received these thirty-one <hi rend="italic">kāśu</hi> we the great men of the chief assembly sold this land (<hi rend="italic">viz.,</hi>) three <hi rend="italic">mā</hi> and <hi rend="italic">kāṇi</hi><note>The extent 3 <foreign>mā</foreign> and <foreign>kāṉi</foreign> is expressed by numerical symbols.</note> to (<hi rend="italic">the god</hi>) <hi rend="bold">Mahādēva</hi> (<hi rend="italic">Śiva</hi>) of <hi rend="bold">Tirukkarugāvūr</hi> and exempted it from taxes, it being tax-free already, as long as the moon and the sun (<hi rend="italic">endure</hi>). This (<hi rend="italic">shall be under</hi>) the protection of (<hi rend="italic">the assembly of</hi>) all <hi rend="italic">Māhēśvaras</hi>.</p>

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<p>Digital edition of SII 3.123 by <bibl><ptr target="bib:KrishnaSastri1920_01"/></bibl> converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.</p>

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