Hanumantapuram, time of Īśvaravarman, year 17

Editor: Emmanuel Francis.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSPallava00513.

Summary: Hero-stone inscription commemorating the death of Kāṭaṭi Kaṟakkaṉ, who fell during a fight.

Hand description:

Language: Tamil.

Repository: Pallava (tfa-pallava-epigraphy).

Version: 2025-01-17 18:23 (350e545), last modified 2025-01-10 18:40 (a0ca2ab).

⟨1⟩ kō-vicaiya-Īccuvara-paruma[ṟk¡i!⟨u⟩]⟨2⟩yāṇṭu patiṉ ē¡ḻḻ!⟨ḻ⟩-āvat’

a¡ṉ!⟨ṅ⟩ka[ṭ]⟨3⟩kāṭ(ṭiṟai)kaḷ ceyi(k)ka-(v) aracar⟨4⟩māṟṟ-uṭai ceṉṟa tāṉ aṟupaṭṭāṉ ⟨5⟩ k(ā)ṭaṭi kaṟakka(ṉ)

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ °vicaiya-Īccu° ⬦ °vijaya-rājacu° ARIE • This reading in Hultzsch 1900 is tentative though, as indicated by a question mark. — ⟨1⟩ °paruma[ṟk¡i!⟨u⟩] yāṇṭu ⬦ °paruma⟨ṟk’ i⟩yāṇṭu EI • It is not clear however whether EI’s reading [ṟk=i*] is meant for characters omitted and supplied. • We do not follow EI in considering that we have here iyāṇṭu, that is yāṇṭu with epenthesis. Although this is possible, it seems unlikely considering other attestations of the dative variant -ki for -ku. See, e.g., inscription Pallava 252, of the same Īccuvaravarman, where, in lines 1-3, we find kō-vicaiya-Ī(c)cuvaraparumaṟki paṉṉiraṇṭ-āvatu.

⟨2⟩ a¡ṉ!⟨ṅ⟩ka[ṭ] ⬦ aṉka⟨ṭ⟩ EI • It is not clear however whether EI’s reading [ṭ*] is meant for a character omitted and supplied.

⟨3⟩ ceyi(k)ka-(v) ⬦ ceyi(k)ka-v EI.

Translation by Hultzsch 1902–1903

In the seventeenth year [of the reign] of king Vijaya-Īśvaravarman, when Kāṭṭiṟai was victorious, Kāṭaṭi Kaṟakkaṉ himself, who went among the enemies of the king, was cut down.

Translation by Emmanuel Francis

(1–2) Seventeenth year of the victorious king Īccuvaraparumaṉ.¹.

(2–5) When, there (aṅkaṇ), the honourable Kāṭṭiṟai vanquished, Kāṭaṭi Kaṟakkaṉ, who went (against) the change of property, was himself cut down.

Commentary

there (aṅkaṇ) = Kaṉaiyūr, see tfaPalllava253.

Hultzsch: fn6: māṟṟu seems to be used in the sense of māṟṟār, ‘enemies.’

Hultzsch: "Unlike other vīrakkals, the stone bears no sculptures of any kind." Untrue. See slab in Chennai Government Museum (acc. no. 2160/78). Hultzsch worked with estampages of the inscriptions only.

Hultzsch: Īśvaravarman = Gaṅga-Pallava

Hultzsch: kāṭṭiṟai, "king of the forester" = synonym of kāṭavaṉ, "forester" = synonym of kāṭaṭi (kāṭu, "forest" + aṭi, "His majesty"). + "It thus appears that a descendant of the PalIava dynasty was tributary to the Gaṅga-Pallava king Vijaya-Īśvaravarman."

See tfaPallava253, same slab (left of the present inscription).

Bibliography

Reported in Sircar 1963 (ARIE/1899-1900/B/1900/16–17).

Edited in Hultzsch 1902–1903 with visual documentation and English translation (EI 7.4.2b), based on an inked estampage. Text and summary in Mahalingam 1988 (IP 253b).

This revised edition by Emmanuel Francis, based on autopsy and photos (2019).

Primary

[EI] Hultzsch, Eugen Julius Theodor. 1902–1903. “Three memorial stones.” EI 7, pp. 22–26. Pages 23–24, item I/B.

[IP] Mahalingam, T. V. 1988. Inscriptions of the Pallavas. New Delhi; Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Agam Prakashan. Pages 627–628, item 253/B.

Secondary

[ARIE] Hultzsch, Eugen Julius Theodor. 1900. G.O. etc., Nos. 833-34, 22nd August 1900. Epigraphy. Passing orders on the annual report on – for 1899-1900. Copy to the Government of India. Madras: Government of Madras, Public Department. Page 49, appendix B/1900, item 17.

Notes

1. Sanskrit Īśvaravarman.

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In the seventeenth year <supplied reason="subaudible">of the reign</supplied> of king Vijaya-Īśvaravarman, when Kāṭṭiṟai was victorious, Kāṭaṭi Kaṟakkaṉ himself, who went among the enemies of the king, was cut down.

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Seventeenth year of the victorious king Īccuvaraparumaṉ.<note>Sanskrit Īśvaravarman.</note>.

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When, there <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>aṅkaṇ</foreign></supplied>, the honourable Kāṭṭiṟai vanquished, Kāṭaṭi Kaṟakkaṉ, who went <supplied reason="explanation">against</supplied> the change of property, was himself cut down.

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<p>there (<foreign>aṅkaṇ</foreign>) = Kaṉaiyūr, see tfaPalllava253.</p>

<p>Hultzsch: fn6: māṟṟu seems to be used in the sense of māṟṟār, ‘enemies.’</p>

<p>Hultzsch: "Unlike other vīrakkals, the stone bears no sculptures of any kind." Untrue. See slab in Chennai Government Museum (acc. no. 2160/78). Hultzsch worked with estampages of the inscriptions only.</p>

<p>Hultzsch: Īśvaravarman = Gaṅga-Pallava</p>

<p>Hultzsch: kāṭṭiṟai, "king of the forester" = synonym of kāṭavaṉ, "forester" = synonym of kāṭaṭi (kāṭu, "forest" + aṭi, "His majesty"). + "It thus appears that a descendant of the PalIava dynasty was tributary to the Gaṅga-Pallava king Vijaya-Īśvaravarman."</p>

<p>See tfaPallava253, same slab (left of the present inscription).</p>

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<p>This revised edition by Emmanuel Francis, based on autopsy and photos (2019).</p>

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