Gold Foils from the Khin Ba Mound Relic Chamber

Version: (e58a53b), last modified (c4e1250).

Edition

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⟨1⟩ <opening> siddham· || °āvijjapaccayā saṅkhāra saṅkhārapaccayā viññaṇa

⟨2⟩ viññaṇapaccayā nāmarūpaṁ _ nāmarūpapaccayā saḷāyatanaṁ

⟨3⟩ saḷāyatanapaccayā phasso _ phassapaccayā vedanā _ vedanapaccayā

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⟨4⟩ taṇhā _ taṇhapaccayā °upādanā _ °upādānapaccayā bhavo _ bhavapaccayā

⟨5⟩ jāti _ jātipaccayā jarāmaraṇaṁ _ sokaparidevita_ duẖ(kha)do-

⟨6⟩ manassūpāyāsa sambhava(n)ti _ °evam etassa kevalassa dukkhakhandha-

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⟨7⟩ ssa samudayo _ hotī ti _ °āvijjāya tv eva °asesavirāganirodhā

⟨8⟩ saṅkhāranirodho saṅkhāranirodhā viññaṇanirodho viññaṇanirodhā

⟨9⟩ nāmarūpanirodho _ nāmarūpanirodhā _ saḷāyatananirodho _ saḷāya-

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⟨10⟩ tananirodhā _ phassanirodho _ phassanirodhā vedanānīrodho _

⟨11⟩ vedananirodhā taṇhanirodho _ taṇhanirodhā °upadānanirodho

⟨12⟩ upādānanirodhā bhavanirodho bhavanirodhā jātinirodho _

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⟨13⟩ jātinirodhā _ jarāmaraṇasokaparidevitaduẖkhadomanassūpāyā-

⟨14⟩ sa nirūjjhantī ti °evam etassa kevalassa duẖkhakhandhassa nirodho

⟨15⟩ hotī ti <>||<>||<> °udayavayabhaṅgabhaya°adinnavaniccidamuṁjatu°upekkha

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⟨16⟩ (siddham) siddha _ cattāro satipaṭthānā _ cattāro samappadhāna _ cattāro °iddhippādā

⟨17⟩ pañcindriyani pañca balāni _ satta bājñaṅgāni °ariyo °aṭṭha-

⟨18⟩ ṅgiko maggo 30 7 cattarimāni bhikkhuve tathā(ga)tassa vesārajjāni

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⟨19⟩ yehi vesārajjehi samannāgato tathā(ga)to _ °āsabhan thānaṁ paṭi-

⟨20⟩ jānāti parisāsu sihanādaṁ nadati _ (b)rahmacakkam (v)atteti <>

⟨21⟩ katamāni cattāri _ sammāsaṁbuddhassa te paṭijānāti _ °ime dhammā

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⟨22⟩ °anābhisaṁbuddhā ti _ tattra vata maṁ samaṇo vā _ brāhmaṇo vā _ devo vā _

⟨23⟩ māro vā _ ko ci vā lokasmiṁ sahadhammena paṭicodessantī ti

⟨24⟩ nimittam etaṁ bhikkhave na samanupassāmi _ °etaṁ pāhaṁ bhik(kh)ave nim(i)tta-

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⟨25⟩ m etaṁ _ °asamanupassanto khemāpatto _ °abhayapatto _ vesārajjāpatto

⟨26⟩ viharāmi 1 _ khīṇāsavassa te paṭijānanto _ °ime °āsavā

⟨27⟩ °aparikkhīṇā ti _ tattrā vata maṁ samaṇo vā _ brāhmaṇo vā _ devo vā _

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⟨28⟩ māro vā _ ko ci vā lokasmiṁ _ sahadhammena paṭicodessantī ti _ nimittam e-

⟨29⟩ taṁ bhikkhave na samanupassāmi _ °etaṁ pāhaṁ bhikkhave nimittaṁ °asa-

⟨30⟩ manupassanto _ khemapatto °abhayapatto vesarajjāpatto viharāmi 2

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⟨31⟩ ye kho pana te °antarāyikā dhammā vuttā te paṭisevanto nālaṁ °antara-

⟨32⟩ yāyāti tattra vata maṁ samaṇo vā _ brāhmaṇo vā devo vā māro

⟨33⟩ vā ko ci vā lokasmiṁ sahadhammena paṭicodessatī ti nimittam etaṁ

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⟨34⟩ bhikkhave na samanupassāmi _ °etaṁ pāhaṁ bhikkhave nimittaṁ °asamanu-

⟨35⟩ passanto khemapatto °abhayapatto vesārajjāpatto

⟨36⟩ viharāmi 3 yassa kho pana te °atthāya dhammo desito _ so na nī-

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⟨37⟩ yati takkarassa sammadukkhakhayāyā ti _ tattra vata maṁ samaṇo vā _ (bra)hma-

⟨38⟩ ṇo ⬦ brāhmaṇo Falk 1997. vā _ devo vā māro vā _ ko ci vā lokasmiṁ sahadhammena paṭico-

⟨39⟩ dessanti ti _ nimittam etaṁ bhikkhave na samanupassāmi _ °etaṁ pāhaṁ bhikkha-

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⟨40⟩ ve nīmittaṁ °asamanupassanto khemapatto °abhayapatto viha-

⟨41⟩ rāmi °imāni kho bhikkhave _ cattāri tathāgatassa vesāra-

⟨42⟩ jjānītī ti ||<> katamehi bhagavā _ cuddasehi buddhañāṇe-

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⟨43⟩ hi samannāgato tathāgato _ duẖkhe ñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇaṁ _ dukkhasamudaye

⟨44⟩ ñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇaṁ 2 dukkhanirodhe ñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇaṁ 2 dukkhanirodha-

⟨45⟩ gāmini paṭipade ñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇa 4 °at(th)apaṭisaṁbhide ñāṇaṁ

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⟨46⟩ buddhañāṇaṁ 5 _ dhammapaṭisaṁbhide ñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇaṁ 6 nirūtti-

⟨47⟩ paṭisaṁbhide ñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇaṁ 7 paṭibhānapaṭisabhi-

⟨48⟩ de ñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇaṁ 8 yamakapaṭiherañāṇaṁ _ buddhañāṇaṁ 9

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⟨49⟩ vehākarūṇasamāpattiyā ñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇaṁ savvaññutañāṇaṁ buddha-

⟨50⟩ ñāṇaṁ °anāvaraṇāñāṇaṁ buddhañāṇa _ °imehi bhagavā

⟨51⟩ cuddasehi buddhañāṇehi samannāgato ti ti ||<>

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⟨52⟩ maggānaṭṭhaṅgiko seṭṭho _ saccānaṁ caturo padā _ virāgo se-

⟨53⟩ ṭṭho dhammānaṁ dīpadānaṁ cecakkhumā ti ||<> siṁddhaṁ _ danto dantehi

⟨54⟩ saha puraṇajaṭilehi vippamuttehi _ siṁginikasavaṇṇo rājāgahaṁ pavisi bhagavā 1

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⟨55⟩ mutto muttehi saha puraṇajaṭilehi _ sigini(kasa)vaṇṇo rājāgahaṁ pavisi bhagavā _ 2

⟨56⟩ tiṇṇo tiṇṇehi saha puraṇajaṭilehi _ vippamuttehi _ siginikavaṇṇo rājāgahaṁ pa-

⟨57⟩ visi bhagavā 3 dasabale dasavāso dasadhaṁma cupeto _ so dasasataṁparivaro rājagahaṁ pavisi bha-

⟨58⟩ gavā 4 yo dhiro sabbadhi danto suddho °appaṭipuggalo °arahaṁ sugato loke tassahaṁ parivarako ti ||<>

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⟨59⟩ <>|| °iti pi so tagavā °arahaṁ saṁmāsaṁbuddho vijjācaraṇasaṁpanno sugato lokavidū °anutta(r)o

⟨60⟩ purisadaṁmasārathī satthā devāmanussānā(ṁ) bundho bhagavā ti sukhi bhavatu | 5

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ 30 7See Falk's comment on what he interprets as a closing punctuation mark on p. 63.

⟨2⟩ viññaṇapaccaviññaṇāpacca Falk 1997.

⟨8⟩ viññaṇanirodho viññaṇanirodhāviññāṇanirodho viññāṇanirodhā Falk 1997.

⟨15⟩ niccidanibbida Falk 1997. — ⟨15⟩ °upekkha°upekkhā Falk 1997.

⟨18⟩ 30 7<> Falk 1997.

⟨20⟩ (v)atteti <>vatteti Falk 1997.

⟨37⟩ (bra)hma⟨38⟩ṇo

⟨44⟩ 23 Falk 1997.

⟨49⟩ vehāmahā Falk 1997.

⟨53⟩ ceca Falk 1997.

⟨57⟩ dasavāsodasavāsa Falk 1997.

⟨59⟩ tagavābhagavā Falk 1997. — ⟨59⟩ lokavidū °anutta(r)olokavidu °anuttano Falk 1997.

⟨60⟩ devāmanussānā(ṁ) bundhodevāmanussānā buddho Falk 1997. — ⟨60⟩ | 5<> Falk 1997.

Commentary

18. tathāgatassa: the ga is poorly realized, approaching ta in shape; see line 19.

19. tathāgato: the ga is poorly realized, approaching ta in shape; see line 18.

20. brahmacakkam: for the same unusual shape of b, see line 37.

37. brahmacakkam: for the same unusual shape of b, see line 20.

43. duẖkhe: the scribe rather seems to have written dumbe.

Bibliography

The discovery of excerpts in Pali from the Abhidhamma and Vinaya inscribed on 20 gold leaves (in the style of palm-leaf manuscripts) was first reported in ASI. The inscription was carefully edited by Lu Pe Win in ASB. A complete Burmese transcription appears in Tha Myat [sā mrat] 1963, pp. 25–33. Luce 1985, pp. I, 139, provides an overview and a summary of earlier literature. Than Hswe [sanḥ chve] 1992 is a study of the script used for the inscription. Falk 1997 provides a Romanized transliteration with notes. Finally, Stargardt 2000, pp. 22, 24–7, includes a detailed description of “The Golden Pali Text” with commentary. Re-edited here from published photographs.

Primary

Griffiths, Arlo, Marc Miyake and Julian K. Wheatley. 2018–03–26. “Corpus of Pyu inscriptions.” Zenodo. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1207290. [URL]. Item DHARMA_INSPYU00045.

Secondary

Than Hswe [sanḥ chve]. 1991. pyū cā khaṅ bha rhve pe khyap dhāt puṁ myāḥ [Photographs of the Pyū Text of the Khin Bha Gold Leaves]. Yangon: Myanmar Literature Association.