Rock inscription from Kbal Spean (K. 1011-1)
Version: (d8a79da), last modified (90ca222).
Edition
⟨1⟩ |śr¿i?-sūryyavarmmaṇo mantr¿i? srala(ṅ/p)-nāmā dayā[⏑][⏓]
⟨2⟩ sahasra-liṅgam aiśvaryyañ cakre ṣac-chaila-randhadh⟨r⟩akaiḥ
⟨3⟩ vraḥ sahasraliṅga 986 neḥ ti vraḥ
⟨4⟩ kamrateṅa Aña śrī narendravarm(ma)
⟨5⟩ sruka sralaka gi ta thve ti pandita (th)[v]e [ta]-
⟨6⟩ ttva-nyāsa n[u] p[ū]jā toya vidhi
Apparatus
⟨1⟩ śr¿i?⟨ī⟩ ⬦ śrī CJ. — ⟨1⟩ sralaṅ ⬦ (sra)lañ CJ • Claude Jacques’ reading is interesting since sralañ – which means “to love, to affectionate” (Pou 2004, p. 515) – is attested in Old Khmer, in particular as the name of a slave, unlike sralaṅ. However, our reading is certain. — ⟨1⟩ dayā[⏑⏓] ⬦ (ha)yā[⏑] CJ.
⟨4⟩ narendravarm(ma) ⟨5⟩ sruka ⬦ nar[e]nd[r]ava(rmma) [1*] CJ.
⟨5⟩ sralaka ⬦ (sralañ) CJ. — ⟨5⟩ gi ⬦ [1×] CJ. — ⟨5⟩ ti ⬦ ta CJ. — ⟨5⟩ pandita ⬦ (pa)nna ta CJ. — ⟨5⟩ gi ta thve ti pandita (th)[v]e • The restoration is highly hypothetical. In order to obtain the sense presupposed in the translation, one further needs to move gi ta to stand before the second occurrence of thve. — ⟨5⟩ tattva-nyāsa ⬦ [4×] CJ.
⟨6⟩ n[u] p[ū]jā ⬦ [2×] jā CJ.
Translation into French
1.
Le ministre (mantrī) de sa Majesté Sūryavarman, du nom de Sralaṅ, a fait ce sahasraliṅga d’Īśvara en ⟨l’année indiquée par les⟩ (9) cavités, (7) montagnes et six.
⟨3–6⟩ Ce saint sahasraliṅga de 986 ⟨śaka⟩ a été fait par le vraḥ kamrateṅ Añ Śrī Narendravarman du village de Sralak pour que (gi ta) les savants fassent le tattvanyāsa avec la pūjā, selon la règle (toya vidhi)1.
Bibliography
First edited by Claude Jacques (1999, p. 358), with a French translation. Re-edited by Chloé Chollet from a photogrammetric model created by Adeline Levivier in May 2022.
Primary
[CJ] Jacques, Claude. 1999. “Les inscriptions du Phnom Kbal Spãn (K 1011, 1012, 1015 et 1016).” BEFEO 86, pp. 357–374. DOI: 10.3406/befeo.1999.3417. [URL]. Page 358.
Notes
1. If toya vidhi could be understood as a reference to an “aquatic rite” (toyavidhi), possibly mentioned in the Bṛhaspatismṛti, a text belonging to the Dharmaśāstra tradition, it seems to us more likely that it refers instead to an expression frequently attested in the epigraphic corpus of ancient Cambodia – especially in Sanskrit and here adapted into Khmer – meaning “in accordance with the rule”. For example, the expression yathāvidhi, which carries the same meaning, appears in the Khmer portion of the inscription K.736.
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<p rend="stanza" n="1">Le ministre <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mantrī</foreign></supplied> de sa Majesté Sūryavarman, du nom de Sralaṅ, a fait ce <foreign>sahasraliṅga</foreign> d'Īśvara en <supplied reason="subaudible">l'année indiquée par les</supplied> <supplied reason="explanation">9</supplied> cavités, <supplied reason="explanation">7</supplied> montagnes et six.</p>
<p n="3-6">Ce saint <foreign>sahasraliṅga</foreign> de 986 <supplied reason="subaudible"><foreign>śaka</foreign></supplied> a été fait par le <foreign>vraḥ kamrateṅ Añ</foreign> Śrī Narendravarman du village de Sralak pour que <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>gi ta</foreign></supplied> les savants fassent le <foreign>tattvanyāsa</foreign> avec la <foreign>pūjā</foreign>, selon la règle <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>toya vidhi</foreign></supplied><note>If <foreign>toya vidhi</foreign> could be understood as a reference to an “aquatic rite” (<foreign>toyavidhi</foreign>), possibly mentioned in the <foreign>Bṛhaspatismṛti</foreign>, a text belonging to the Dharmaśāstra tradition, it seems to us more likely that it refers instead to an expression frequently attested in the epigraphic corpus of ancient Cambodia – especially in Sanskrit and here adapted into Khmer – meaning “in accordance with the rule”. For example, the expression <foreign>yathāvidhi</foreign>, which carries the same meaning, appears in the Khmer portion of the inscription <ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK00736.xml">K.736</ref>.</note>.</p>
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<p>There is an error between the dates expressed in the Sanskrit (976 <foreign>śaka</foreign>) and Old Khmer (986 <foreign>śaka</foreign>) parts. Moreover, it is unusual in the Old Khmer part not to have the term <foreign>śaka</foreign> following the date, but there is another example of this case in an inscription of Kbal Spean (<ref target="DHARMA_INSCIK01011-2.xml">K.1011-2</ref>).</p>
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<p>First edited by Claude Jacques (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Jacques1999_01"/><citedRange unit="page">358</citedRange></bibl>), with a French translation. Re-edited by Chloé Chollet from a photogrammetric model created by Adeline Levivier in May 2022.</p>
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Commentary
There is an error between the dates expressed in the Sanskrit (976 śaka) and Old Khmer (986 śaka) parts. Moreover, it is unusual in the Old Khmer part not to have the term śaka following the date, but there is another example of this case in an inscription of Kbal Spean (K.1011-2).