Southern side of eastern pillar of northern pillarzone of western peristyle of western gopura of Prasat Kracap (K. 183-21), 850 Śaka

Authors of digital edition: Kunthea Chhom (kuch), Claude Jacques, Eric Bourdonneau.

Palaeographic description: The lettering is characteristic of the tenth century CE.

Language: Old Khmer (okz) [Khmer (khmer)].

Repository: Khmer (tfc-khmer-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSCIK00183-21.

File path: texts/xml/DHARMA_INSCIK00183-21.xml.

Version: 2026-04-17 16:05 (d8a79da), last modified 2026-04-17 16:05 (d8a79da).

Edition

⟨1⟩ ndan· tai rat· I tai panlās· si pau I tai qna-
⟨2⟩ ṅga tai kan·In· tai kandeṅ· tai pau I tai
⟨3⟩ A kasar· tai kan·hyaṅ· tai kanlāṅ·
⟨4⟩ tai laṅgāy· tai thgot· sot· tai
⟨5⟩ chneṁ tai qme bhadra tai thmās· tai bhadra
⟨6⟩ tai khnit· tai rat· 2 tai pau I tai chneṁ sot·
⟨7⟩ si rat 1 si pau 1 tai pārvvati tai phgal· tai
⟨8⟩ kaṁvaḥ tai kanteṅ· kvan· 1 tai kaṁprvat·
⟨9⟩ si rat· 1 gho sarvveśvara gho kaṁpañ·
⟨10⟩ gho kandeṅ· gvāl· dharmma gvāl· kansip(·)
⟨11⟩ gvāl(·) chpoṅ· gho kandep· tai thmai tai
⟨12⟩ jnau tai kandvac· tai kantep· tai khmau pi-
⟨13⟩ nda si 4 gho 40 7 gvāl 10 tai 60 7 la-
⟨14⟩ p· 1 si rat· 6 tai rat· 3 si pau 8 tai [pau]
⟨15⟩ 1010 tai A 6 phsaṁ 100 60 2 ⦿ ta lvan· gho
⟨16⟩ kaṁvai gho kanso gho kandhi gho kante-
⟨17⟩ [ṅ·] gho vidyādeha tai kan·Ā tai kaṁpit⟨·⟩
⟨18⟩ tai kamprvat· tai kan·As· phsaṁ 9 ⦿ sruk(·)
⟨19⟩ vyau karoṁ si hemaruci si krau gho thgap·
⟨20⟩ gho śakti gho svasti gho pitrānandana
⟨21⟩ gho caṁhek· gho panlās· gho kanlo-
⟨22⟩ ñ· gvāl· cak·cok· gvāl· mādhava gvā-
⟨23⟩ l· kañcan· gvāl· lAu tai chneṁ tai rat·
⟨24⟩ 1 si pau 1 tai rarassa tai kaṁvrau tai
⟨25⟩ (th)mās· tai marakata tai kaṁpat· tai jvik· tai ka-
⟨26⟩ n·dai tai surabhi tai phnos· lap· vraḥ
⟨27⟩ sr̥ṣṭha tai kaṁvai si pau 1 tai kaṁpit· tai
⟨28⟩ kan·hyaṅ· pavitra tai pau kan·In·
⟨29⟩ tai kan⟨·⟩U kvan· 2 pinda gho 9 gvāl·
⟨30⟩ 4 tai 10 3 lap· 1 tai rat· 1 […]

Apparatus

⟨7⟩ phgal· ⬦ phtal CJ.

⟨12⟩ kantep· ⬦ kantem CJ.

⟨17⟩ [ṅ·] ⬦ [ṅa] KC; ṅ CJ. — ⟨17⟩ kaṁpit⟨·⟩ ⬦ kaṁpita KC; kaṁ pit CJ.

⟨23⟩ lAu ⬦ laqū CJ.

⟨24⟩ rarassa ⬦ parassa CJ.

⟨25⟩ (th)mās· ⬦ Amās CJ.

Translation by Chhom 2011

⟨1–18⟩ ⟨Tai Pa⟩ndan accompanied by a daughter (tai rat), Tai Panlās accompanied by a baby boy (si pau), Tai Anaṅga, Tai Kan-in, Tai Kandeṅ accompanied by a baby girl (tai pau), Tai A Kasar, Tai Kanhyaṅ, Tai Kanlāṅ, Tai Laṅgāy, another Tai Thgot, Tai Chneṁ, Tai Ame Bhadra, Tai Thmās, Tai Bhadra, Tai Khnit accompanied by 3 daughters (2 tai rat and 1 tai pau), another Tai Chneṁ accompanied by 2 sons (1 si rat and 1 si pau), Tai Pārvvati, Tai Phgal, Tai Kamvaḥ, Tai Kanteṅ accompanied by a child, Tai Kaṁprvat accompanied by a son (si rat), Gho Sarvveśvara, Gho Kaṁpañ, Gho Kandeṅ, Gvāl Dharmma, Gvāl Kansip, Gvāl Chpoṅ, Gho Kandep, Tai Thmai, Tai Jnau, Tai Kandvac, Tai Kantep, Tai Khmau. Total: 4 male slaves (si), 47 male slaves (gho), 10 animal keepers (gvāl), 67 female slaves (tai), a male slave (lap), 6 boys (si rat), 3 girls (tai rat), 8 baby boys (si pau), 10 baby girls (tai pau) and 6 tai a; grand total 162. The lvan people are Gho Kaṁvai, Gho Kanso, Gho Kandhi, Gho Kanteṅa, Gho Vidyādeha, Tai Kan-ā, Tai Kaṁpita, Tai Kaṁprvat, Tai Kan-as; total 9.

⟨18–30⟩ Village of Vyau Karoṁ: Si Hemaruci, Si Krau, Gho Thgap, Gho Śakti, Gho Svasti, Gho Pitrānandana, Gho Caṁhek, Gho Panlās, Gho Kanloṅ, Gvāl Cakcok, Gvāl Mādhava, Gvāl Kañcan, Gvāl La-au, Tai Chneṁ accompanied by a daughter (tai rat) and a son (si pau), Tai Rarassa, Tai Kaṁvrau, Tai Thmās, Tai Marakata, Tai Kaṁpat, Tai Jvik, Tai Kandai, Tai Surabhi, Tai Phnos, Lap Vraḥ Sr̥ṣṭha, Tai Kaṁvai accompanied by a son (si pau), Tai Kaṁpit, Tai Kanhyaṅ Pavitra accompanied by a daughter (tai pau) called Kan-in, Tai Kan-u accompanied by 2 children. Total: 9 male slaves (gho), 4 animal keepers (gvāl), 13 female slaves (tai), a male slave (lap), a girl (tai rat) […]

Bibliography

First edited by Kunthea Chhom (2011, pp. 159–160) with English translation. Re-edited in French by Claude Jacques without translation (2014, p. 174). Re-edited again in French by Eric Bourdonneau et al. (nd, unpublished). Re-edited here by Kunthea Chhom based on EFEO estampage n. 827-S.

Primary

[KC] Chhom, Kunthea. 2011. Inscriptions of Koh Ker I. Budapest: Hungarian Southeast Asian Research Institute. Pages 159–160.

[CJ] Jacques, Claude. 2014. Koh Ker: Temples et inscriptions, avec une étude sur le roi Jayavarman IV et un essai sur l’“esclavage” dans l’ancien pays khmer. Budapest: The Hungarian Southeast Asian Institute. Page 174.

Secondary

[GC] Cœdès, George. 1937. Inscriptions du Cambodge, volume I. Collection de textes et documents sur l’Indochine 3. Hanoi: École française d’Extrême-Orient. Pages 52–54.

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<p>The lettering is characteristic of the tenth century CE. </p>

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<lb n="1"/>ndan· tai rat· <num value="1"><g type="numeral">I</g></num> tai panlās· si pau <num value="1"><g type="numeral">I</g></num> tai qna<lb n="2" break="no"/>ṅga tai kan·In· tai kandeṅ· tai pau <num value="1"><g type="numeral">I</g></num> tai

<lb n="3"/>A kasar· tai kan·hyaṅ· tai kanlāṅ·

<lb n="4"/>tai laṅgāy· tai thgot· sot· tai

<lb n="5"/>chneṁ tai qme bhadra tai thmās· tai bhadra

<lb n="6"/>tai khnit· tai rat· <num value="2"><g type="numeral">2</g></num> tai pau <num value="1"><g type="numeral">I</g></num> tai chneṁ sot·

<lb n="7"/>si rat <num value="1"><g type="numeral">1</g></num> si pau <num value="1"><g type="numeral">1</g></num> tai pārvvati tai phgal· tai

<lb n="8"/>kaṁvaḥ tai kanteṅ· kvan· <num value="1"><g type="numeral">1</g></num> tai kaṁprvat·

<lb n="9"/>si rat· <num value="1"><g type="numeral">1</g></num> gho sarvveśvara gho kaṁpañ·

<lb n="10"/>gho kandeṅ· gvāl· dharmma gvāl· kansip<unclear>·</unclear>

<lb n="11"/>gvāl<unclear>·</unclear> chpoṅ· gho kandep· tai thmai tai

<lb n="12"/>jnau tai kandvac· tai kantep· tai khmau pi<lb n="13" break="no"/>nda si <num value="4"><g type="numeral">4</g></num> gho <num value="47"><g type="numeral">40</g> <g type="numeral">7</g></num> gvāl <num value="10"><g type="numeral">10</g></num> tai <num value="67"><g type="numeral">60</g> <g type="numeral">7</g></num> la<lb n="14" break="no"/>p· <num value="1"><g type="numeral">1</g></num> si rat· <num value="6"><g type="numeral">6</g></num> tai rat· <num value="3"><g type="numeral">3</g></num> si pau <num value="8"><g type="numeral">8</g></num> tai <supplied reason="lost">pau</supplied>

<lb n="15"/><num value="10"><g type="numeral">10</g></num>10 tai A <num value="6"><g type="numeral">6</g></num> phsaṁ <num value="162"><g type="numeral">100</g> <g type="numeral">60</g> <g type="numeral">2</g></num> <g type="circleTarget">.</g> ta lvan· gho

<lb n="16"/>kaṁvai gho kanso gho kandhi gho kante<lb n="17" break="no"/><supplied reason="lost">ṅ·</supplied> gho vidyādeha tai kan·Ā tai kaṁpit<supplied reason="omitted">·</supplied>

<lb n="18"/>tai kamprvat· tai kan·As· phsaṁ <num value="9"><g type="numeral">9</g></num> <g type="circleTarget">.</g> sruk<unclear>·</unclear>

<lb n="19"/>vyau karoṁ si hemaruci si krau gho thgap·

<lb n="20"/>gho śakti gho svasti gho pitrānandana

<lb n="21"/>gho caṁhek· gho panlās· gho kanlo<lb n="22" break="no"/>ñ· gvāl· cak·cok· gvāl· mādhava gvā<lb n="23" break="no"/>l· kañcan· gvāl· lAu tai chneṁ tai rat·

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<lb n="25"/><unclear>th</unclear>mās· tai marakata tai kaṁpat· tai jvik· tai ka<lb n="26" break="no"/>n·dai tai surabhi tai phnos· lap· vraḥ

<lb n="27"/>sr̥ṣṭha tai kaṁvai si pau <num value="1"><g type="numeral">1</g></num> tai kaṁpit· tai

<lb n="28"/>kan·hyaṅ· pavitra tai pau kan·In·

<lb n="29"/>tai kan<supplied reason="omitted">·</supplied>U kvan· <num value="2"><g type="numeral">2</g></num> pinda gho <num value="9"><g type="numeral">9</g></num> gvāl·

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<lem>kasar·</lem>

Bourdonneau et al.: k(aṁ)sap·

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<!-- <app loc="5">

<lem>qme bhadra</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Jacques2014_01">Amebhadra</rdg>

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<lem>phgal·</lem>

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<lem>kantep·</lem>

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Bourdonneau et al.: hemr̥ci

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<p n="1-18"><supplied reason="subaudible">Tai Pa</supplied>ndan accompanied by a daughter <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tai rat</foreign></supplied>, Tai Panlās accompanied by a baby boy <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>si pau</foreign></supplied>, Tai Anaṅga, Tai Kan-in, Tai Kandeṅ accompanied by a baby girl <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tai pau</foreign></supplied>, Tai A Kasar, Tai Kanhyaṅ, Tai Kanlāṅ, Tai Laṅgāy, another Tai Thgot, Tai Chneṁ, Tai Ame Bhadra, Tai Thmās, Tai Bhadra, Tai Khnit accompanied by 3 daughters <supplied reason="explanation">2 <foreign>tai rat</foreign> and 1 <foreign>tai pau</foreign></supplied>, another Tai Chneṁ accompanied by 2 sons <supplied reason="explanation">1 <foreign>si rat</foreign> and 1 <foreign>si pau</foreign></supplied>, Tai Pārvvati, Tai Phgal, Tai Kamvaḥ, Tai Kanteṅ accompanied by a child, Tai Kaṁprvat accompanied by a son <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>si rat</foreign></supplied>, Gho Sarvveśvara, Gho Kaṁpañ, Gho Kandeṅ, Gvāl Dharmma, Gvāl Kansip, Gvāl Chpoṅ, Gho Kandep, Tai Thmai, Tai Jnau, Tai Kandvac, Tai Kantep, Tai Khmau. Total: 4 male slaves <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>si</foreign></supplied>, 47 male slaves <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>gho</foreign></supplied>, 10 animal keepers <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>gvāl</foreign></supplied>, 67 female slaves <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tai</foreign></supplied>, a male slave <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>lap</foreign></supplied>, 6 boys <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>si rat</foreign></supplied>, 3 girls <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tai rat</foreign></supplied>, 8 baby boys <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>si pau</foreign></supplied>, 10 baby girls <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tai pau</foreign></supplied> and 6 <foreign>tai a</foreign>; grand total 162. The <foreign>lvan</foreign> people are Gho Kaṁvai, Gho Kanso, Gho Kandhi, Gho Kanteṅa, Gho Vidyādeha, Tai Kan-ā, Tai Kaṁpita, Tai Kaṁprvat, Tai Kan-as; total 9.</p>

<p n="18-30">Village of Vyau Karoṁ: Si Hemaruci, Si Krau, Gho Thgap, Gho Śakti, Gho Svasti, Gho Pitrānandana, Gho Caṁhek, Gho Panlās, Gho Kanloṅ, Gvāl Cakcok, Gvāl Mādhava, Gvāl Kañcan, Gvāl La-au, Tai Chneṁ accompanied by a daughter <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tai rat</foreign></supplied> and a son <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>si pau</foreign></supplied>, Tai Rarassa, Tai Kaṁvrau, Tai Thmās, Tai Marakata, Tai Kaṁpat, Tai Jvik, Tai Kandai, Tai Surabhi, Tai Phnos, Lap Vraḥ Sr̥ṣṭha, Tai Kaṁvai accompanied by a son <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>si pau</foreign></supplied>, Tai Kaṁpit, Tai Kanhyaṅ Pavitra accompanied by a daughter <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tai pau</foreign></supplied> called Kan-in, Tai Kan-u accompanied by 2 children. Total: 9 male slaves <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>gho</foreign></supplied>, 4 animal keepers <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>gvāl</foreign></supplied>, 13 female slaves <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tai</foreign></supplied>, a male slave <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>lap</foreign></supplied>, a girl <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tai rat</foreign></supplied> <gap reason="lost"/></p>

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<p>First edited by Kunthea Chhom (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Chhom2011_01"/><citedRange unit="page">159-160</citedRange></bibl>) with English translation. Re-edited in French by Claude Jacques without translation (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Jacques2014_01"/><citedRange unit="page">174</citedRange></bibl>). Re-edited again in French by Eric Bourdonneau et al. (nd, unpublished). Re-edited here by Kunthea Chhom based on EFEO estampage n. 827-S.</p>

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