Doorjamb reused as lintel from Chợ Dinh in Phan Rang (C. 3.1), ca. 11th CE

Author of digital edition: Arlo Griffiths (argr).

Languages: Old Cham (ocm) [Cam (cam)], Sanskrit (san) [Cam (cam)].

Repository: Campa (tfc-campa-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSCIC00003_1.

File path: xml/DHARMA_INSCIC00003_1.xml.

Version: 2026-07-17 15:37 (56b2f49), last modified 2026-07-17 15:37 (56b2f49).

Edition

⟨Face A⟩
⟨A1⟩ […]tā niy· tuy·
⟨A2⟩ […]hajai qyā ri cā
⟨A3⟩ […]manrauṅ· sā ha
⟨A4⟩ […] (hu)luv· kraum̃
⟨A5⟩ […]naḥ luvaiḥ pau [14 lost lines]
⟨A20⟩ […]ntāna nai (Ugra)
⟨A21⟩ […]jma manataḥ ya

⟨Face B⟩
⟨B1⟩ ⦿ na(mo) […]-
⟨B2⟩ drebhyaḥ […]
⟨B3⟩ nāpa (mam̃)[…]-
⟨B4⟩ ṅyak· […]
⟨B5⟩ thun· […] [7 lost lines]
⟨B13⟩ ya rāja di (na)[gara] […]
⟨B14⟩ dunan· mam̃ […]
⟨B15⟩ tva[…]
⟨B16⟩ ru(pa) […]
⟨B17⟩ niy(·) […]

Apparatus

⟨A2⟩ qyā • As far as we know, this is the only attestation in the epigraphical corpus of the word with the idiosyncratic spelling qyā, meaning “water”, that is preserved also in later Cam manuscripts (see Groupe de recherches cam 1977, p. 250).

⟨B1⟩ na(mo) […]⟨B2⟩drebhyaḥ • The Sanskrit invocation at the top of face B may have been namo stu rudrebhyaḥ.

Commentary

The estimation of 14 lost lines on face A is based on our measuring 114 cm between the top of line 6 and the top of the first line preserved at the bottom, while the average height per line in lines 1 throigh 5 is 8 cm. On face B, we calaculate an average of 9 cm height per preserved line, and measure 103 cm between the top of line 6 and the one called A20.

Bibliography

A few words were read by Bergaigne (1888, pp. 88–89) and Aymonier (1891, p. 50), respectively. The inscription was published for the first time in Griffiths et al. 2008–2009, whence the first digital edition by Arlo Griffiths & Amandine Lepoutre at The Corpus of the Inscriptions of Campā (2010–2012). The present revised digital edition by Arlo Griffiths makes use of the EFEO estampage n. 145 and new photogrammetry images acquired in 2024.

Primary

Griffiths, Arlo, Amandine Lepoutre, William Aelred Southworth & Thành Phần. 2008–2009. “Études du corpus des inscriptions du Campā, III: Épigraphie du Campa 2009-2010: prospection sur le terrain, production d’estampages, supplément à l’inventaire.” BEFEO 95, pp. 435–497. DOI: 10.3406/befeo.2008.6118. [URL]. Pages 443–444.

Secondary

Bergaigne, Abel. 1888. “L’ancien royaume de Campā, dans l’Indo-Chine, d’après les inscriptions.” JA 8 (11), pp. 5–105. [URL]. Pages 88–89.

Aymonier, Étienne. 1891. “Première étude sur les inscriptions tchames.” JA, pp. 5–86. [URL]. Pages 49–50.

Parmentier, Henri. 1909. Inventaire descriptif des monuments čams de l’Annam. Tome premier: Description des monuments. Paris: Imprimerie nationale. [URL]. Pages 79–80.

Finot, Louis. 1915. “Notes d’épigraphie, XIV : Les inscriptions du musée de Hanoi.” BEFEO 15 (2), pp. 1–38. DOI: 10.3406/befeo.1915.5229. [URL]. Page 2 and 10.

Parmentier, Henri. 1918. Inventaire descriptif des monuments čams de l’Annam. Tome II: Étude de l’art čam. Paris: Ernest Leroux. Page 77.

Jacques, Claude. 1976–1977. “Épigraphie de l’Inde et de l’Asie du Sud-Est.” EPHEA, pp. 981–991. [URL]. Page 989.

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<title>Lintel from Phan Rang</title>

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<lb n="A1"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>tā niy· tuy·

<lb n="A2"/> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>hajai qyā ri cā

<lb n="A3"/> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>manrauṅ· sā ha

<lb n="A4"/> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> <unclear>hu</unclear>luv· kraum̃

<lb n="A5"/> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>naḥ luvaiḥ pau

<lb n="A20"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>ntāna nai <unclear>Ugra</unclear>

<lb n="A21"/><gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>jma manataḥ ya</p>

<lb n="B1"/> <g ref="sym:circle-bullseye" type="symbol">*</g> na<unclear>mo</unclear> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><lb n="B2" break="no"/>drebhyaḥ</p>

<lb n="B14"/>dunan· mam̃ <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>

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<note>As far as we know, this is the only attestation in the epigraphical corpus of the word with the idiosyncratic spelling <foreign>qyā</foreign>, meaning <q>water</q>, that is preserved also in later Cam manuscripts (see <bibl><ptr target="bib:GroupeRecherchesCam1977_01"/><citedRange unit="page">250</citedRange></bibl>).</note>

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<lem>na<unclear>mo</unclear> <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/><lb n="B2" break="no"/>drebhyaḥ</lem>

<note>The Sanskrit invocation at the top of face B may have been <foreign>namo stu rudrebhyaḥ</foreign>.</note>

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<p>The estimation of 14 lost lines on face A is based on our measuring 114 cm between the top of line 6 and the top of the first line preserved at the bottom, while the average height per line in lines 1 throigh 5 is 8 cm. On face B, we calaculate an average of 9 cm height per preserved line, and measure 103 cm between the top of line 6 and the one called A20.</p>

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<p>A few words were read by Bergaigne (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Bergaigne1888_01"/><citedRange unit="page">88-89</citedRange></bibl>) and Aymonier (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:Aymonier1891_01"/><citedRange unit="page">50</citedRange></bibl>), respectively. The inscription was published for the first time in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Griffiths+al2008-2009_01"/></bibl>, whence the first digital edition by Arlo Griffiths & Amandine Lepoutre at <ref target="https://isaw.nyu.edu/publications/inscriptions/campa/index.html">The Corpus of the Inscriptions of Campā</ref> (2010–2012). The present revised digital edition by Arlo Griffiths makes use of the EFEO estampage n. 145 and <ref target="10.34847/nkl.5aada3wm">new photogrammetry images</ref> acquired in 2024.</p>

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