SOUTH-INDIAN INSCRIPTIONS [2-5]

⟨SIIv02p0i0098⟩ No. 98.—VELURPALAIYAM PLATES OF VIJAYA-NANDIVARMAN (III).

These plates were discovered in 1911 by the late Rai Bahadur V.Venkayya, M.A., in the village Vēlūrpāḷaiyam, about 7 miles north-west of Arkonam in the North Arcot district. They have since been purchased by the Government for deposit in the Madras Museum. A detailed description of the plates and their contents has appeared in the Epigraphical Report for 1911, Part II, paragraphs 5 to 12. Mr. Venkayya also, has published a valuable note on them in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society for 1911, pp. 521 ff.

The plates are five in number and consist of eight written sides, the outer faces of the first and last being completely blank. They vary in length from 9(5/8)" to 9(3/4)", and are slightly convex on their right and left sides. The breadth of each plate is about 3(1/2)". The ring which holds the plates together is oval-shaped, and measures 7"x6(1/4)", while the circular seal in whose massive bottom the edges of the ring are firmly fixed, is 3(1/4)" in diameter. The seal bears on a depressed surface an elongated figure of a Pallava bull in a recumbent posture facing the proper right with an ornamental lamp-stand on either side of it. The bull and the lamp-stands are placed on a straight line which is perhaps to be taken for the surface of a pedestal. Below this latter, there appear the faint traces of an expanded lotus flower. Above the bull are engraved in one row, eight symbols of which a goddess (perhaps Lakshmī), flanked by two lamp-stands occupies the centre. Another symbol which is recognisable is the svastika. The remaining four are indistinct. Above these again are the insignia of royalty, viz., two chauris mounted on handles and a parasol between them. Right round the margin of the seal is a defaced legend in Pallava-Grantha characters of which the syllables • • • • va-nāthasya Nan[tipa]ṉmas[ya] bhū[pa*]tēḥ [|*] viśva-[vi]śva[ṁ]bharāpāla śrīḥ, are visible. The plates including ring and seal weigh 394 tolas.

The inscription on the plates is engraved partly in Grantha and partly in Tamil characters. The writing discloses two different scripts, the first of which (ll. 1 to 28) is somewhat less deeply cut and slanting. The virāma or the puḷḷi in the Tamil portion of the inscription is marked almost regularly throughout, by a zigzag line resembling the final m of Grantha or by the usual dot. The grant consists of 31 Sanskṛit verses intercepted in the middle by a prose passage in Tamil from lines 47 to 63, and including at the end a short Tamil sentence in lines 68 and 69. Verses 1 and 2 are invocations addressed to the Supreme Being and to Śrīkaṇṭha (Śiva). The two next supply the legendary origin of the Pallavas from Vishṇu, down to the eponymous king Pallava, through Brahmā, Aṅgiras, Bṛihaspati, Śaṁyu, Bharadvāja, Drōṇa, and Aśvatthāman, and eulogise the family as being very powerful. From verses 5 to 8, we learn the names of some probably historical kings. One of them was Aśōkavarman in whose family was born Kāḷabhartṛi. His son was Chūtapallava; his son, Vīrakūrcha; from him came Skandaśishya; from him, Kumāravishṇu and ⟨Page 502⟩ after him, Buddhavarman. It is evident, as Professor Hultzsch has remarked, (above, p. 342), that Aśōkavarman “can scarcely be considered a historical person, but appears to be a modification of the ancient Maurya king Aśōka.” Kāḷabhartṛi is a possible synonym of Kāṇagōpa, who is mentioned in the Kāśākuḍi plates, in the group of kings that ruled after Aśōkavarman. Vīrakūrcha, the grandson of Kāḷabhartṛi (Kāṇagōpa), must be the Vīrakōrchavarman whose name occurs as that of the great grandfather (of the donor) in an odd Pallava plate published by Professor Hultzsch in the Epigraphia Indica (Vol. I, p. 397 f.) and the same as Vīravarman of the Pīkira, Māṅgaḷūr, Uruvupalli and the Chendalūr grants, all of which belong practically to the same period. Vīrakūrcha is stated to have married the daughter of a Nāga chief 1 and through her, to have acquired the insignia of royalty. Their son Skandaśishya seized from king Satyasēna the ghaṭikā of the Brāhmaṇas. The reference to a ghaṭikā at this early period is very interesting. It occurs also in the Tālagunda inscription of Kakusthavarman which is ascribed by Professor Kielhorn to about the first half of the 6th century A.D. 2 Skandaśishya is perhaps identical with the Pallava king of the same name, who is referred to in one of the Tirukkaṛukkuṉṟam inscriptions 3, as having made a gift to the holy temple of Mūlasthāna at that village. If Skandaśishya is synonymous with Skandavarman as suggested by Mr. Venkayya in his article on the Tirukkaṛukkuṉṟam inscription, we shall have to identify him with Skandavarman II, particularly because the two generations after him supplied by the Vēlūrpāḷaiyam plates would, in this case, be the same as those found in the Chendalūr plates of Kumāravishṇu II. 4 Satyasēna, the king from whom Skandaśishya seized the ghaṭikā, remains unidentified. Kumāravishṇu, the son of Skandaśishya, is next stated to have captured Kāñchī, and his son Buddhavarman to have been the conqueror of the Chōḷas.

Mr. Venkayya mentions two distinct periods in early Pallava history, viz. (1) the period in which their grants are recorded in the Prākṛit language and (2) that in which the grants are in Sanskṛit. 5 The first has been tentatively assigned to the beginning of the 4th century A.D. Evidently, the break suggested at the beginning of verse 5 in the Vēlūrpāḷaiyam plates with the words “Aśōkavarman and others,” included this earlier period of the Prākṛit charters, and counted within it such names as Śivaskandavarman, Vijayaskandavarman, Vijayabuddhavarman, Buddhyaṅkura and Vishṇugōpa. The Sanskṛit charters, which are to be referred probably to the 5th and the 6th centuries of the Christian era, supply the names of a number of Pallava kings who may now be arranged in order of ⟨Page 503⟩ succession, with the help of the information given in the Vēlūrpāḷaiyam plates. The capture, or rather the re-capture of Kāñchī attributed to Kumāravishṇu in these plates confirms Mr. Venkayya's suggestion that that town was not the Pallava capital for some time during the interval between the Prākṛit period and the later Sanskṛit period. Kāḷabhartṛi (Kāṇagōpa) may have been the first of the kings of the second period which lasted down to (Kāṇagōpa) may have been the first of the kings of the second period which lasted down to Buddhavarman according to our plates, or down to his son Kumāravishṇu II according to the Chendalūr plates. The question however arises whether Kumāravishṇu (I) of the Chendalūr and the Vēlūrpāḷaiyam plates has to be identified with Yuvamahārāja Vishṇugōpavarman or to be treated as still another son of Skandaśishya (Skandavarman II). The former alternative was suggested by Mr. Venkayya together with the further supposition that Buddhavarman and Siṁhavarman II may have been brothers. 1 But as the names Vishṇugōpa and Kumāravishṇu are mentioned simultaneously together among Pallava ancestors, as for instance, in the Vāyalūr pillar inscription of the time of Rājasiṁha, 2 we may presume, perhaps tentatively, Kumāravishṇu I to be a third son of Skandavarman II. The following revised pedigree of the Pallava kings based on the Vēlūrpāḷaiyam plates and the Sanskṛit charters of Pīkira, Māṅgaḷūr, Uruvupalli and Chendalūr, is given provisionally, subject to the identifications and suggestions made above:—

[C1]Kāḷabhartṛi (Kāṇagōpa) [C1]Chūtapallava (perhaps, a surname of Skandavarman I mentioned in the Uruvupalli grant) [C1]Vīrakūrcha (Vīrakōrchavarman or Vīravarman) [C1]Skandaśishya (Skandavarman II) [C1]Siṁhavarman I [C2]Yuvamahārāja- Vishṇugōpa or Vishṇugōpavarman [C3]Kumāravishṇu I [C1]Skandavarman III [C2]Siṁhavarman II [C3]Buddhavarman [C1]Nanḍivarman 3 [C2]Kumāravishṇu II

After v. 8 we are again introduced to another gap in the succession in which were included a host of kings such as Vishṇugōpa 4 and others. Then appeared a king named Nandivarman I who brought under his control a powerful snake apparently called Dṛishṭivisha. 5 In verse 10, Siṁhavarman, the father of Siṁhavishṇu, is introduced,—no connection being specified between himself and the Nandivarman just mentioned. Siṁhavishṇu was the conqueror of the Chōḷa country which was fertilized by the river Cauvery. ⟨Page 504⟩

What follows of the Pallava genealogy is not new. It is a repetition of the account already supplied by the Kāśākuḍi, Kūram and the Udayēndiram plates. Stone inscriptions written in the Pallava-Grantha characters commence from this period,—a fact which suggests that, with the conquest of Siṁhavishṇu, the Pallavas must have extended their dominion further south of Kāñchī into the Chōḷa country and adopted the Dravidian language generally found mixed up with Sanskṛit in the later stone inscriptions. From Siṁhavishṇu's son Mahēndravarman I was born Narasiṁhavarman I. This King whose conquest of Vātāpi (Bādāmi) and the Western Chalukya Pulakēśin II has frequently been described, is stated in verse 11 to have defeated his enemies and to have taken from them the pillar of victory standing at Vātāpi. 1 Then came Paramēśvaravarman I, an enemy of the Western Chalukya king Vikramāditya I, whom, according to the Kūram and the Udayēndiram plates, he defeated at Peruvaḷanallūr. Paramēśvara's “son's son” was Narasiṁhavarman II, who re-organised the ghaṭikā of the Brāhmaṇas, and built a temple for Śiva “comparable with the mountain Kailāsa”. This is a clear reference to the building of the Kailāsanātha temple at Conjeeveram by Narasiṁhavarman II. 2 The latter's son was Paramēśvara II. The usurpation of the Pallava throne by Nandivarman II, subsequent to the death of Paramēśvara II, is clearly stated in verse 15. The distant relation that existed between the usurper Nandivarman II and Paramēśvara II is described in the Kāśākuḍi plates.

Two points in the account given above are worthy of note: (1) the omission of the name Mahēndravarman II after Narasiṁhavarman I and (2) the statement that Narasiṁhavarman II was the “son's son” 3 of Paramēśvara I. The latter is probably an error, since all the three published Pallava accounts agree in saying that Narasiṁhavarman II was the son, not the grandson, of Paramēśvara I. The former, however, may be different. For although the Kūram plates call Paramēśvaravarman I, the grandson of Narasiṁhavarman I, still the doubtful way in which this relationship is expressed in the Kāśākuḍi and the Udayēndiram plates, taken together with the statement of the Vēlūrpāḷaiyam plates, makes it appear as if Mahēndravarman II and Paramēśvaravarman I were both sons of Narasiṁhavarman I, thus reducing the seven generations between Siṁhavishṇu and Paramēśvaravarman II, to six. The usurper Nandivarman II who, according to the Kāśākuḍi plates, was sixth in descent from a brother of Siṁhavishṇu could not at the time of his usurpation be a generation older than Paramēśvaravarman II whose kingdom he usurped. Indeed, as hinted in the Udayēndiram plates, he must have been much younger to justify his being called there the son of Paramēśvaravarman. Consequently it appears probable that Mahēndravarman II and Paramēśvaravarman I were actually brothers and that the succession after Narasiṁhavarman I passed ⟨Page 505⟩ on directly to the latter, the former having, perhaps, died before him. Two successions after the usurper Nandivarman (Pallavamalla) are further supplied for the first time by the Vēlūrpāḷaiyam plates. Nandivarman II's son by Rēvā was the Pallava-Mahārāja Dantivarman (verse 18). His queen was the Kadamba princess Aggaḷanimmaṭī; from these, was born king Nandivarman III, or according to the Tamil portion of the inscription, Vijaya-Nandivarman, in the sixth year of whose reign the subjoined grant was made. No specific historical facts are mentioned in connection with these kings. Nandivarman III is stated to have “acquired the prosperity of the Pallava kingdom by the prowess of his (own) arms” (verse 20). From this we may infer that the sovereignty over the Pallava kingdom had now been keenly contested either by outsiders or by some direct descendents of the Siṁhavishṇu line.

In the Chingleput, North Arcot, South Arcot and Trichinopoly districts, there have been discovered a number of stone records (more or less of the same age as the Vēlūrpāḷaiyam plates) which refer themselves to the reigns of Dantivarman, Dantivarma-Mahārāja, Dantippōttaraśar or Vijaya-Dantivikramavarman, and also of Nandivarman with similar variations in the name. Again, the Bāhūr plates 1 supply the names Dantivarman, (his son) Nandivarman and (his son) Nṛipatuṅgadēva or Vijaya-Nṛipatuṅgavarman, as members of the Pallava family, among whose ancestors were Vimala, Koṅkaṇika and others. From this latter statement Professor Hultzsch concluded that the kings mentioned in the Bāhūr plates were different from the Pallavas of Kāñchī and were only “Pallava by name but Western Gaṅga by descent.” It is now, therefore, diffcult to say if the Dantivarmans and the Nandivarmans of the stone records mentioned above, are to be identified with those mentioned in the Bāhūr plates, or with those of the Vēlūrpāḷaiyam plates or with both. Mr. Venkayya is inclined to connect the names in the Bāhūr plates with those of the Vēlūrpaḷaiyam plates, and suggests that Vijaya-Nṛipatuṅgavarman of the former was apparently the son of Nandivarman III of the latter. Against this the only objection is the ancestry which, in the one case includes the clear Western Gaṅga name (or surname) Koṅkaṇika, while in the other it does not. If, however, Mr. Venkayya's suggestion is accepted, we must presume two facts to arrive at a concurrent genealogy, and to connect the kings of stone records with those mentioned in the Vēlūrpāḷaiyam and the Bāhūr plates. The prefix kō-vijaya and the suffix vikramavarman which are invariably found appended to the names of the kings in this series must have been introduced for the first time by the usurper Nandivarman Pallavamalla, who, we know, literally won the kingdom by victory (vijaya) and by prowess (vikrama) 2, and that Nṛipatuṅgavarman who was decidedly the most powerful 3 of this last branch of the Pallavas, and a son of the Rāshṭrakūṭa princess Śaṅkhā, must have contracted new relations with the Western Gaṅgas to justify the insertion of one or more of the names of that dynasty among his Pallava ancestors. Even with these suppositions granted, the identification of kings mentioned in stone records with the Nandivarmans and Dantivarmans of the copper-plate grants presents peculiar difficulties. The script of ⟨Page 506⟩ the copper-plates, though of the same age with that of the stone inscriptions often differs from it, 1 and the information supplied by the latter is so meagre that hardly any points of contemporaneous nature that could help us in such identification, are forthcoming. In the present state of our knowledge therefore, it may be hypothetically presumed that kings of names Nandivarman and Dantivarman with or without the prefix kō-vijaya and the suffix vikramavarman, may be taken to be one or the other of the immediate ancestors of Nṛipatuṅga-Vikramavarman; while kings described as Dantivarma-Mahārāja of the Bhāradvāja-gōtra, 2 Dantivarman and Nandivarman of the Pallava-tilaka-kula, 3 and Nandivarman “who conquered [his enemies] at Teḷḷāṟu,” 4 have to be kept distinct.

In conclusion it may be stated, by way of a resumé, that the Pallava history covers four separate periods extending from about the 4th to the 9th century A.D. with three gaps which remain yet to be filled up satisfactorily by later researches. These are (1) the period of the Prākṛit charters; (2) after a gap of a little more than a century, the period of the Sanskṛit charters; (3) after another gap (or rather two gaps) of about the same length the period of stone inscriptions when, the Siṁhavishṇu line was predominant; and (4) the last period when the Nandivarman line (developing later, into what has been called the Gaṅga-Pallava line) was powerful until it was completely crushed by the Chōḷas. A table of the kings of the Siṁhavishṇu line and of the collateral branch of Nandivarman Pallavamalla down to Nṛipatuṅgavarman of the Bāhūr plates is appended below:—

[C1]Nandivarman I [C1]Siṁhavarman [C1]Siṁhavishṇu [C2]Bhīmavarman [C1]Mahēndravarman I [C2]Buddhavarman [C1]Narasiṁhavarman I [C2]Ādityavarman [C1]Mahēndravarman II [C2]Paramēśvaravarman I [C3]Gōvindavarman [C1]Narasiṁhavarman II [C2]Hiraṇya (I) [C1]Paramēśvaravarman II [C2]Mahēndravarman III [C3]Nandivarman II Pallavamalla [C1]Dantivarman or Vijaya-Dantivikramavarman (Hiraṇyavarman II) 5 [C1]Nandivarman III, Vijaya-Nandivarman or Vijaya-Nandivikramavarman [C1]Nṛipatuṅgavarman or Vijaya-Nṛipatuṅgavarman

The object of the Vēlūrpāḷaiyam grant was the gift of the village Śrīkaṭṭuppaḷḷi or Tirukkāṭṭuppaḷḷi to a temple of Śiva built at that village by a certain Yajñabhaṭṭa or Śaṉṉakkuṟi Yajñabhaṭṭa, surnamed Bappa-Bhaṭṭāraka, 6 in the sixth year of the ⟨Page 507⟩ reign of king Nandivarman III. The request (vijñapti) was made by the Chōḷa-Mahārāja 1 Kumārāṅkuśa, while the executor (ājñapti or āṇatti) was the minister Namba (in Tamil, Iraiyūr-uḍaiyāṉ-Nambaṉ) of the Agradatta family. The donee was the Mahādēva (Śiva) temple of Yajñēśvara at Tirukkāṭṭuppaḷḷi. Verse 28 informs us that the composer of the praśasti 2 was the Māhēśvara Manōdhīra. Verse 31 and the Tamil sentence following it, supply the name of Pēraya, a clever carpenter of Maṉaichchēri in Kachchippēḍu (Conjeeveram), who engraved the writing on these plates.

One point of great interest in the Tamil portion of the grant is the long list of exemptions (parihāra) and the written declaration (vyavasthā) with which Tirukkāṭṭuppaḷḷi was made over to the temple assembly (paraḍai, Skt. parishad). The former included items of collection whose significance is not quite clear, but which, as the inscription says, the king “could receive and enjoy.” It appears as though most of the items here mentioned were not necessarily sources of revenue to the State, as now understood, but only obligatory services which the king could enforce on the people for the benefit of the community. By the written declaration the donee was permitted to build (without any special license) mansions of burnt brick; to grow Artimissia, Andropogan Muricatum, red lilies and uḷḷi in gardens; to plant cocoanut trees in groves; to sink reservoirs and wells; to use large oil-presses; and to prohibit toddy-drawers from tapping for toddy, the cocoanut and the palmyra trees planted within the four boundaries of the village.

The village Tirukkāṭṭuppaḷḷi is identical with Kāṭṭuppaḷḷi in the Poṉṉēri tāluk of the Chingleput district; Nāyaṟu-nāḍu of Puṛaṟ-kōṭṭam, in which the village is stated to have been situated, takes its name from the village Nāyar of the same tāluk, about 8(1/2) miles south-west of Kāṭṭuppaḷḷi. In the British Museum plates of the Vijayanagara king Sadāśivarāya of the 16th century A.D., Nāyattu-nāḍu (i.e., Nāyaṟu-nāḍu) is described as being a sub-division of Puḷali-kōṭaka (i.e., Puṛaṟ-kōṭṭam). 3

TEXT. 4

Plate I.

⟨1⟩ svasti śrīḥ namaśśivāya ||—nityam vyāpi nirāmayam paramayā bhaktyādhigamyaṁ śivam vācāndūramaci-

⟨2⟩ ntyamakṣayamiti prodgīyamānam budhaiḥ [|*] saṁyamyendriyavāhinīṁ yativarairyyanmṛi[gya]te santa-

⟨3⟩ ta[m] tejastatparamārtthasaccirataranniśreyasāyāstu va[ḥ*] ||—[1*] śarvvāṇīkucakuṁkumāṁka[śu]bhaka5subha-

⟨4⟩ gāḥ proddāmadarppāmaradveṣivrātavadhūprasādhanaparāmṛiṣṭiprasaṁgocitāḥ [|*] yuṣmānpāntu yu-

⟨5⟩ gāntavahnivilasaddīprāstracakrāśriraṁ śrīkaṇṭhasya śikhaṇḍaratnaruciravyāḷāṁgadā bāha-

⟨6⟩ vaḥ [|| 2*] āsīdaṁbujanābhanābhikamalā[dbra]hmā tatopyaṁgirā[sta]smāddevagurustataśśubhamatiśśaṁyu-

⟨7⟩ stataśśāṁ[yava]ḥ [|*]6stasmātku[m]bhasamudbhava[ḥ*] smararipo[rdrau]ṇistatoṁśaḥ kramādasmādvismayanīyakīrttira-

⟨8⟩ khila[kṣmā]vallabhaḥ pallavaḥ [|| 3*] vaṁśastatovattata7pallavānāṁ rakṣāvidhidhvastavipalla[vā]nā[m] [|*] bhū- ⟨Page 508⟩

Plate IIa.

⟨9⟩ bhārakhedālasapannagendrasāhāyyaniṣṇātabhujārggaḷānām [|| 4*] aśokavarmmādiṣu devabhūyaṁ ga-

⟨10⟩ te[ṣu vaṁśye]ṣvatha pārtthiveṣu [|*] vaṁśasya1cūḷāmaṇirāvirāsīdbharttendirāyā iva kāḷabharttā ||—[5*]

⟨11⟩ tatsutādajani cūtapallavādvīrakūrcca iti viśrutāhvayaḥ [|*] yaḥ phaṇīndrasutayā sahāgrahīdrāja-

⟨12⟩ cihnamakhilaṁ yaśodhanaḥ [|| 6*] anvavāyanabhaśrandra[ḥ*] skandaśiṣyastatobhavatvijānāṁ2ghaṭikāṁ rājñassatya-

⟨13⟩ senātjahāra3yaḥ |[| 7*] gṛihītakāñcīnagarastatobhūtkumāraviṣṇussamareṣu ji[ṣṇu]ḥ [|*] bharttā bhuvo-

⟨14⟩ bhūdatha buddhavammā4yaścoḷasainyārṇṇavavāḍabāgniḥ 5 [|| 8*] saviṣṇugope ca narendrabṛinde gate

⟨15⟩ tatojāyata nandivarmmā [|*] anugrahādyena pinākapāṇeḥ6pranarttito dṛiṣṭiviṣaḥ phaṇīndraḥ [|| 9*] atha prathitavikra-

⟨16⟩ mo jagati siṁhavarmmāhvayānnṛipātparamadāpahādajani siṁhaviṣṇujayīḥ7[|*] lasatkramukamaṇḍalāḥ kaḷama 8-

⟨17⟩ kānanālaṁkṛitāḥ kavīratanayāñcitāssapadi yena coḷā hṛitāḥ [|| 10*]9tadānmajādāvirabhūnmahendrādupe-

Plate IIb.

⟨18⟩ 10ndrakīrttinnarasiṁhavarmmā [|*] vātāpimaddhye vijitāriva[rgga][ḥ*] sthitañjayastambhamalambhayadyaḥ [|| 11*] tataḥ paramadaddhvaṁ-11

⟨19⟩ sī babhūva parameśvaraḥ [|*] cāḷukyakṣitibhṛitsainyadhvāntadhvaṁsadivākaraḥ [|| 12*] tatputrasūnurnnarasiṁhavarmmā pu-

⟨20⟩ 12naryyadhādyo ghaṭikāṁ dvijānāṁ [|*] śilāmayaṁ veśma-śaśāṁkamauleḥ kailāsakatpañca13mahendraka-

⟨21⟩ tpaḥ [|| 13*] tatsūnurbhūbhṛitāṁ [m]ānyo babhūva parameśvaraḥ [|*] mānavena krameṇorvvīmaśādyaḥ kaliśāsanaḥ [|| 14*] tada-

⟨22⟩ nantaramanvayasya lakṣmīñcatura[mbho]nidhivāsasā sahorvvyā [|*] samavāpadaśeṣapūrvva[bhū]-

⟨23⟩ 14bhṛidguṇasaṁmeḷanadhāma nandivarmmā [|| 15*] tasyāṁburāśeriva vāhinīnānnāthasya nānāguṇara[tna]-

⟨24⟩ dhāmnaḥ [|*] dhīrasya bhūbhṛidvaralabdhajanmā reveva revā mahiṣī babhūva [|| 16*]15tasyāmāvirabhūtrilokaparira-

⟨25⟩ 16[kṣā]tthaḥ kṣamānandanaḥ17sākṣādaṁburuhekṣaṇassvayamiha śrīdantivarmmā nṛipaḥ [|*] śauryyatyāgakṛitajña-

⟨26⟩ tādiramalo yasminguṇānāṁ gaṇaḥ pra[ā]pta[ā]nyonyasamāgamotsava iva prāpatpra[ti*]ṣṭhāñci-

Plate IIIa.

⟨27⟩ rāt [|| 17*] prakhyātasya kada[mba]vaṁ[śa*]tilakasyorvvīpaterātmajā vīrāṇāṁ prathamasyaṁ pallavamahārāja-

⟨28⟩ sya tejasvinaḥ [|*] ākhyāmaggaḷanimmaṭīti [da*]dhatī śuddhānvavāyocitā [bha]rttustasya bhuvo

⟨29⟩ babhūva mahiṣī gaurīva jetuḥ pura[ā*]m |—[18*] śrīnandivarmmāṇamasūta seyaṁ sandhyeva te-

⟨30⟩ jasvinamambikeva [|*] kumāramatyadbhutaśaktiyuktaṁ yathā jayantaṁ jayinaṁ śacīva |—[19*] utkhāta-

⟨31⟩ khaḍganihatadvipakumbhamuktāmuktāphalaprapāsite18samarāṁgaṇe yaḥ [|] śatrū-

⟨32⟩ nnihatya samavāpadananyalavyāṁ19rājyaśiśrayaṁ svabhujavikramadarppaśālī |—[20*] u[dya]ānaṁ ma-

⟨33⟩ dhunā guṇaiḥ kulabhuvaḥ20śīlena vāmertṣaṇā tyāgenārtthapatiśśrutena vinaya- ⟨Page 509⟩

⟨34⟩ ssūryyeṇa1patmākaraḥ [|*] prāleyadyutinā payodasamayāpāye nabhaḥprāṁgaṇannai-

⟨35⟩ vaṁ [bhā]ti tathā yathā jagadidaṁ yena2tṣamābandhunā [| 21*] pṛithvīpālasya tasya 3pradhitagu-

Plate IIIb.

⟨36⟩ ṇaga[ṇo] bappabhaṭṭārakāgyaśśāstre4vede ca sāṁkhye prakaṭitamahimā yajña-

⟨37⟩ 5bhaṭṭābhidhānaśśrīkaṭṭuppaḷḷināmni śrutavina[ya*]dharastuṁgakailāsakalpaṁ grā-

⟨38⟩ me6bālendumaulerbhbhavanamakṛita yadbhaktiyogapra[tī]taḥ |—[22*] pitābhavadyasya

⟨39⟩ viśuddhabuddhirggirāmiveśaśśivadāsanāmā [|*] mātābhavadyasya guṇaissamaśrai-7

⟨40⟩ rggarīyasī [dre]ṇamaṇirmmahīva |—[23*] pitāmaho yasya viśuddhavṛittirdvijāgragaṇya-

⟨41⟩ stamasānnipāntā8[|*] nidhiḥ kalānāmi[va] yajñanāmā babhūva vikhyātayaśaḥprakāśaḥ [|| 24*] tasmai

⟨42⟩ devāya śarvvāya pūjāsatrādikarmaṇe [|*]9sodāggrāmantirukkāṭṭuppaḷḷināmāna-

⟨43⟩ mīśvaraḥ [|*]—[25*] vijñaptimatrākṛita10coḷavaṁśacūḷāmaṇirvviśrutavikramaśrīḥ [|*] dhīraḥ kumā-

⟨44⟩ rāṁkuśanāmadheyastyāgena rādheyasamaḥ kṛitajñaḥ |—[26*] atrājñaptirabhūnmantrī na-

Plate IVa.

⟨45⟩ mpanāmā mahīpateḥ [|*] agradattānvayavyomaśarannīhāradīdhiti[ḥ*] |—[27*] vāgmanaḥ[ka]ā-

⟨46⟩ yakarmmāṇi parārtthānyeva yasya saḥ [|*]māheśvaro manodhīraḥ praśastiṁ kṛita-

⟨47⟩ vānima[ām] |—[28*] puḻaṟkoṭṭattu nāyaṟunāṭṭuttirukkāṭṭuppaḷḷippañcavaram āirakkā-

⟨48⟩ ṭi itu kovicaiya nantivarmmaṟku yāṇṭu āṟāvatu coḻamahārājar viṇṇappattā-

⟨49⟩ l iraiyūr uṭaiyāṉ nampaṉāṇattiyākattirukkāṭṭuppaḷḷiccaṉṉa-

⟨50⟩ kkuṟi yajñabhaṭṭa[r]eṭuppitta yajñeśvarattu mahādevarkku nāṭṭu nīṅkalā-

⟨51⟩ y uṭpuravāy tevardāṉamākap peṟṟataṟkup peṟṟa parihāram nāṭāṭciyum

⟨52⟩ ūrāṭciyum puravupoṉṉum tirumukkāṇamum vaṭṭināḻiyum putāḻiyum taṭṭu-

⟨53⟩ kāyamum īḻampūṭciyum iṭaippūṭciyum maṉṟupāṭumt 11 tarakum taṟikkū[ṟ]ai-

Plate IVb.

⟨54⟩ yum kūlamum nallāvum nallerutum nallāṭum nāṭukāvalum ūṭupokkum

⟨55⟩ kallāṇakkāṇamum kucakkāṇamum pāṟaikkāṇam paṭṭiṉaceriyum maṟṟumivvū-

⟨56⟩ 12 raillai u[ḷ*]ḷakappaṭṭatu kottoṭṭuṇṇappālatellām ev[vak]aippaṭṭa-

⟨57⟩ tum kok[k]oḷḷappeṟāte ivyajñeśvarattu mahādevareyi 13 koḷḷappe-

⟨58⟩ ṟṟataṟkuppeṟṟa vyavasthai[|*] cuṭṭoṭṭāl māṭamāḷikai eṭukkappeṟuvatā-

⟨59⟩ kavum tamaṉakamum iruveliyum ceṅkaḻunīrum uḷḷiyum naṭappeṟuvatākavum kāvute-

⟨60⟩ ṅkiṭappeṟuvatākavum turavukiṇaṟiḻittappeṟuvatākavum peruñcekkiṭappeṟu-

⟨61⟩ vatākavum ivvūrellai u[ḷ*]ḷiṭṭa teṅkum paṉaiyum ivarkaḷ maṉamiṉṟi īḻavareṟap-

⟨62⟩ peṟātārākavum ivvakaippaṭṭa vyavasthaiyiṉūṭu14 yajñeśvarattu mahādevark-

Plate V.

⟨63⟩ kuttevatāṉamāy sarvvaparihāramāka paraṭatti ceṉṟatu |— sukṛitamidamajasraṁ15ratṣate-

⟨64⟩ ti16tṣitīśāssakalanṛipatiketussoyamāgāmino vaḥ [|*] haracaraṇasaro[jo]-

⟨65⟩ ttaṁsacihnena mūrddhnā mukuḷitakara[pa]tmo17vandate nandivarmmā |—[29*] sarvvānetānbhāvinaḥ

⟨66⟩ pā[rtthi]vendrānbhūyo bhūyaḥ prārtthayatyeṣa rāmaḥ [|*] sāmānyoyandharmmasetunnṛipāṇāṁ18kā-

⟨67⟩ lekāle pa[ā]lanīyo19bhavanbhiḥ [|]—[30*] karakauśalakṛitayaśasā ciṟṟa yaputre- ⟨Page 510⟩

⟨68⟩ ṇa patrasaṁghoyam [|*] likhitaṁ1perayanāmnā sthapatikulavyomacandreṇa [|]—[31*] kaccip-

⟨69⟩ peṭṭaimmaṉaiccerikkāṣṭhakārimakaṉ perayaṉ eḻuttu |—

TRANSLATION.

Hail! Prosperty! Adoration to Śiva !

(Verse 1.) May that effulgence which is the existence absolute, which is sung by the wise to be eternal, universal, infallible, accessible (only) to highest devotion, benevolent, beyond the reach of words and thoughts, and endless and which, the best of sages ever strive to attain by putting a restraint upon the currents of (their) sense-perceptions,—grant you permanent bliss !

(V. 2.) May (they) always protect you, the arms of Śrīkaṇṭha (i.e. Śiva), which are lovely by bearing on them the marks of saffron from the breasts of Śarvāṇī (i.e. Pārvatī), which delight themselves in the work of removing the ornaments (from the body) of the wives of the highly conceited hoards of the enemies of gods, 2 which (hold) a number of weapons that shine with the brilliance of the fire at the end of the world and wear armlets of serpents radiant with gems in (their) crests !

(V. 3.) From the lotus-(like) navel of the lotus-navelled (Vishṇu), was (produced) Brahmā; from him (was born) Aṅgiras; from him, the preceptor of the gods (Bṛihaspati); from him, the good-natured Śaṁyu; from him Śāṁyava (i.e. Bharadvāja); from him the pitcher-born (Drōṇa); from him Drauṇi (i.e. Aśvatthāman), who is of the essence of (Śiva), the enemy of Cupid; and from him in (the same) order (came) Pallava, the lord of the whole earth, whose fame was bewildering.

(V. 4.) Thence, came into existence the race of the Pallavas, who by the law of protection (which they adopted) removed (even) the slightest distress (of their subjects); and whose bar-like arms were skilled in rendering assistance to the lord of serpents who was fatigued by the labour of (carrying on his head) the burden of the earth.

(V. 5.) After kings, such as Aśōkavarman (and others), born in that family, had attained god-hood (i.e. died), was born Kāḷabhartṛi, the head-jewel of (his) family, like (Vishṇu) the husband of Indirā (i.e. Lakshmī).

(V. 6.) From his son Chūtapallava, was produced Vīrakūrcha, of celebrated name, who simultaneously with (the hand of) the daughter of the chief of serpents grasped also the complete insignia of royalty and became famous.

(V. 7.) From him came Skandaśishya, the moon in the sky of (his) family, who seized from king Satyasēna the ghaṭikā of the twice-born (i.e. Brāhmaṇas).

(V. 8.) From him came Kumāravishṇu who captured the city of Kāñchī and was victorious in battles. Then became king, Buddhavarman, the submarine fire to the ocean-like army of the Chōḷas.

(V. 9.) And after a host of kings including Vishṇugōpa had passed away, was born Nandivarman, who with the favour of (the god) Pinākapāṇi (Śiva) caused to dance a powerful snake whose poison was in (its) eyes (Dṛishṭivisha).

(V. 10.) Then from the king named Śiṁhavarman, who wiped off the pride of (his) enemies, was born the victorious Siṁhavishṇu whose prowess was widely known on earth. He quickly seized the country of the Chōḷas, embellished by the daughter of Kavīra (i.e. the river Kāvērī), whose ornaments are the forests of paddy (fields) and where (are found) brilliant groves of areca (palms). ⟨Page 511⟩

(V. 11.) From his son Mahēndra was born Narasiṁhavarman (I), famous (like) Upēndra (i.e. Vishṇu), who, defeating the host of (his) enemies, took (from them) the pillar of victory standing in the centre of (the town of) Vātāpi.

(V. 12.) From him came Paramēśvara (I) who crushed the conceit of (his) enemies, (and was) a sun in destroying the darkness which was the army of the Chāḷukya king.

(V. 13.) His son's son (was) Narasiṁhavarman (II) who, equal to Mahēndra, once again organised the ghaṭikā of the twice-born (i.e. Brāhmaṇas) and built of stone a house for the moon-crested (Śiva) which was comparable with the (mountain) Kailāsa.

(V. 14.) His son who was respected by kings, was Paramēśvara (II). This chastiser of the dark age (Kali) governed the earth according to the rules laid down by Manu.

(V. 15.) After him, Nandivarman, the repository of the aggregate (good) qualities of all ancient kings, got possession of the prosperity of the family together with the earth whose garments are the four oceans.

(V. 16.) Of this heroic lord of battalions (or, of rivers), and the home of many virtues (or, of gems), as of the ocean, the chief queen was Rēvā who, like (the river) Rēvā, had (her) birth from a great king (or, from a high mountain).

(V. 17.) To her was born on this (earth) the glorious king Dantivarman, a manifestation of the lotus-eyed (Vishṇu) himself, who was the delight of the earth, whose (sole) object (of life) was the protection of the three worlds and in whom the group of pure qualities such as prowess, charity and gratitude attained eminence, as it were, after a long time (enjoying) the pleasure of each other's company.

(V. 18.) Just as Gaurī (was the wife) of the conqueror of the (three) cities (i.e. Śiva), the suitable chief queen of that lord of the earth, the foremost of heroes, the powerful Pallava-Mahārāja, was (she) of a spotless race, who bore the name Aggaḷanimmaṭī (and was) the daughter of the celebrated king—a crest-jewel of the Kadamba family.

(V. 19.) As the (morning) twilight (gives birth to) the resplendent one (i.e. the sun); as Ambikā (i.e. Pārvatī), (to the god) Kumāra (Skanda) possessed of the marvellous (weapon) Śakti (or, of strength); as Śachī, to the victorious Jayanta; so did this (Aggaḷanimmaṭī) give birth to (the glorious) Nandivarman.

(V. 20.) This (Nandivarman) puffed up with the prowess of his arms, acquired the prosperity of the (Pallava) kingdom, not easy for others to obtain, by killing (his) enemies on the battle-field which was laughing (as it were) with pearls dropping from the frontal globes of elephants slain by (his) unsheathed sword.

(V. 21.) Never shone so (thoroughly) a garden with (the advent of) spring, nor men of high birth with (good) qualities, nor women with morality, nor a millionaire with charity, nor humility with knowledge, nor a lotus-tank with the sun, nor the expanse of the sky with the moon at the end of the rainy season, as (the people of) this earth (shone), with that king.

(V. 22.) (A subject) of that king who was learned, modest and of established virtues, who was named Yajñabhaṭṭa and surnamed Bappa-Bhaṭṭāraka, was widely famous (for his knowledge) in the Śāstra, the Vēda and the Sāṅkhya and was celebrated for (his) persistent devotion to (Śiva), built in the village named Śrīkaṭṭuppaḷḷi a temple for Śiva similar to the high Kailāsa (mountain).

(V. 23.) His (viz. Yajñabhaṭṭa's) father was named Śivadāsa, who like the lord (of the goddess) of speech (i.e. Brahmā) was possessed of pure intelligence. His mother was [Drē]ṇamaṇi who like the (goddess) earth was great for the exhuberance of her (good) qualities. 1 ⟨Page 512⟩

(V. 24.) His grandfather was named Yajña who, like the repository of the kalās (i.e. the moon), is the abode of sciences (kalā), 1 has spotless character 2 (as the moon, a white disc), is the best of the twice-born (dvija), the expeller of ignorance (as the moon, of darkness) and shines with wide-spread fame.

(V. 25.) To that god Śarva (Śiva), the king granted the village called Tirukkāṭṭuppaḷḷi for (maintaining) the services (connected with) worship, feeding, etc.

(V. 26.) The heroic head-jewel of the Chōḷa race named Kumārāṅkuśa, the glory of whose prowess was well-known, whose liberality was equal to that of Rādhēya (i.e. Karṇa) and whose conduct was upright, made the (necessary) request (vijñapti) for (securing) this (grant).

(V. 27.) The executor (ājñapti) here, was the king's minister named Namba, the autumnal moon in the firmament of the Agradatta family.

(V. 28.) The Māhēśvara Manōdhīra, the act of whose words, thoughts and body were (all) for the benefit of others, composed this praśasti.

(Lines 47 to 63.) Whereas in the sixth year of Kōvijaya-Nandivarman, at the request (made by) Chōḷa-Mahārāja and the āṇatti of Iraiyūr-uḍaiyāṉ Nambaṉ, this (village) Tirukkāṭṭuppaḷḷi of pañchavaram āyirakkāḍi 3, in Nāyaṟu-nāḍu, (a sub-division) of Puṛaṟ-kōṭṭam, (is) excluded from the district (nāṭṭu-nīṅgal) (and) has been assigned as an uṭpuravu dēvadāna in favour of (the god) Mahādēva of (the temple of) Yajñēśvara built by Śaṉṉakkuṟi Yajñabhaṭṭa at Tirukkāṭṭuppaḷḷi, the immunities (parihāra) secured (therefor) viz. nāḍāṭchi, ūrāṭchi, puravu-poṉ, tirumukkāṇam, 4 vaṭṭi-nāṛi, pudāṛi, taṭṭukāyam, īṛam-pūṭchi, iḍai-ppūṭchi, maṉṟupāḍu, brokerage, tax on looms, kūlam, good cow, good bull, good sheep, watch-fee of the district, ūḍupōkku, taxes on marriages, potters and quarries, paṭṭina-śēri and all other (income) of any kind which the king could receive and enjoy within the boundary of this village, shall not (henceforth) be collected by the king but by this Mahādēva of (the temple of) Yajñēśvara only. The (following) written declaration (vyavasthā) is (also) granted (for the guidance of the donee): Mansions of burnt tiles (bricks ?) may be built (without special permission); artimissia (damanagam), andropogan muricatum (iruvēli), red-lilies (śeṅgaṛunīr) and uḷḷi may be grown (in gardens ?); cocoanut (trees) may be planted in groves; reservoirs and wells may be sunk; large oil-presses may be used and the toddy-drawers (īṛavars) may not climb, without the consent of this (i.e. the Mahādēva of Yajnēśvara), the cocoanut and the palmyra (trees) planted within the boundaries of (this village). With the written declaration thus defined (the village) was placed in the (hands of the) assembly (paraḍatti,) as a dēvadāna, with all immunities, to the (god) Mahādēva of the Yajñēśvara (temple).

(V. 29.) O ! Future rulers of earth ! He, Nandivarman, the banner among all kings, with (his) lotus-like hands folded, bows down to you with (his) head which is marked by the headjewel (viz.) the lotus-feet of Hara (Śiva) (and requests you) to protect this good deed always !

(V. 30.) Thus does Rāma request again and again, all the present and future lords of ⟨Page 513⟩ the earth: “This bridge of (religious) charity is common to (all) kings; you must (therefore) protect (it) at all times.”

(V. 31.) This set of (copper-)sheets was engraved by the moon in the sky of the family of carpenters, named Pēraya, the son of Śiṟṟaya, who has won (his) reputation for skill in workman-ship.

(LI. 68 and 69.) The writing of Pērayaṉ son of the carpenter (kāshṭhakārin) of Maṉaichchēri in Kachchippēḍu.

POSTSCRIPT.

On pages 180 and 181 of the Epigraphia Indica, Vol. IV., Professor Hultzsch gives an extract of a set of five copper-plates of Vijaya-Nṛipatuṅgavarman which were discovered at Bāhūr near Pondicherry by M.J. de la Fon. The originals are not available but appear to be in the possession of some person at Paris. A transcript of the inscription prepared by a Tamil Paṇḍit was supplied by the discoverer to Professor Hultzsch some year ago. It is in many places defective. Still as the information conveyed appears to be important for the study of the collateral branch of the Pallava family, known as Gaṅga-Pallavas, I append below the Sanskṛit and Tamil texts as transcribed by the Paṇḍit.

It may be added by way of supplementing Professor Hultzsch's remarks that in V. 16 reference is made to a victory gained by a Pāṇḍya king with the help of Nṛipatuṅga. It is not stated who this Pāṇḍya was or where he fought the battle in which Nṛipatuṅga could have helped him. The Ambāsamudram inscription of Varaguṇa-Mahārāja (Ep. Ind., Vol. IX, pp. 84 to 94) states that that king advanced as far north as Araiśūr on the Pennar in Toṇḍai-maṇḍalam. Mr. Venkayya distinguishes this Varaguṇa-Mahārāja from his grandson Varaguṇavarman who fought the battle of Śrīpurambiyam with Pṛithivīpati I and his ally Aparājitavarman, the last of the Gaṅga-Pallava kings (Madras Epigraphical Report for 1906-7, Part II, paragraph 21). It is not definitely known what relation existed between this Aparājita and Nṛipatuṅgavarman of the Bāhūr plates. Anyhow Varaguṇa-Mahārāja who flourished two generations before Varaguṇavarman, about the beginning of the 9th century A.D., and who pushed his campaign in the north up to the bank of the river Pennar cannot be far distant in time from Nṛipatuṅgavarman. Consequently, the Pāṇḍya referred to in V. 16 of the Bāhūr plates may probably be Varaguṇa-Mahārāja. The enemy against whom Nṛipatuṅga fought to help his friend Varaguṇa-Mahārāja was very likely a king of the Siṁhavishṇu line who was ruling simultaneously with Nṛipatuṅga in some portion of the Toṇḍai-maṇḍalam. 1

The object of the grant was the donation of the three villages Cheṭṭuppākkam Viḷāṅgāṭṭaṅkaḍuvaṉūr and Iṟaippuṇaichchēri to the vidyāsthāna (V. 23) at Bāhugrāma (i.e., Bāhūr) (V. 25), by a member of the Baśāli family and a descendant ⟨Page 514⟩ of the Kuru race (V. 18). This chief was the minister of Tuṅgavarman (i.e. Nṛipatuṅga) (V. 28) who issued the necessary order for the grant of the villages (V. 21). The college (vidyāsthāna) at Bāhūr consisted of 14 gaṇas 1 and was controlled by the learned men of that village, being organised and maintained by them “as the Ganges (Mandākinī) descending from the sky with all the fury of its rushing waves is borne by the god Śiva on one of his matted locks” (Vv. 24 and 25). The composer of the praśasti was Dāśaya (V. 30). The Tamil portion of the grant refers to the 8th year of Vijaya-Nṛipatuṅgavarman and states that at the request of Baśāli-Pērarayaṉ and the āṇatti (ājñapti) of Viḍōlaiviḍugu (i.e., Viḍēlviḍugu) Kāḍupaṭṭi-Tamiṛappēraraiyaṉ, 2 the grant of the three villages already mentioned was announced to the residents of Bāhūr-nāḍu, a sub-division of Aruvā-nāḍu, on its eastern side. As usual, the villages were granted after excluding previous donations and expropriating former owners, for the sole benefit of the vidyāsthāna at Bāhūr. The order was communicated to the assembly of Bāhūr-nāḍu (nāṭṭār) 3 who on receiving it, obeyed it placing the order on their heads, circumambulated the village, planted stones and milk bush and drew up the necessary document (aṟaiy-ōlai).

Among the boundaries described occur the names Teṉmalippākkam, Nelvāyēppākkam, Uṟattūr, Māmbākkam, Neriñjikkuṟumbu and Śiṟimāṉpātti. The land comprised within the described boundaries of the three villages was given away to the members of the vidyāsthāna for the advancement of learning, after including these in Bāhūr and giving them the same exemptions (parihāra) and written declarations (vyavasthā) as in the case of Bāhūr. The goldsmith (suvarṇakṛit) Nṛipatuṅga, a jewel of the Uditōdita family and a faithful servant of the Pallavas, wrote the grant (V. 32). The Tamil passage at the end of the inscription states that this goldsmith's father was Mādēvipperudaṭṭāṉ, son of Uditōdaya-Perudaṭṭāṉ, a native of Kachchippēḍu (Conjeeveram).

Of the villages mentioned, Bāhūr is the only place that can be identified. It is the head-quarters of a commune in the French territory and was the site of a battle between the French and the English troops in A.D. 1752.

TEXT. 4

⟨0⟩ svasti śrīḥ [||*]

⟨0⟩ diśatu va[ḥ*] śriyamaṁbujalocanastridaśamaulinisṛiṣṭapadāṁbujaḥ [|*]

⟨0⟩ sakalalokabhayaṁkararākṣasapraśamaheturajo madhusūdanaḥ [|| 1*]

⟨0⟩ 5śrībhartuśśayanaparasya netre yatteja[ḥ*] sthitilayasūtihetuḥ [|*]

⟨0⟩ tannābherajani samastabījamabjamātmayonistato['*]bhavat [|| 2*]

⟨0⟩ aṁgirāstata utpanno lokanāthāccaturmukhāt [|*]

⟨0⟩ bṛihaspatistato mantrī śakrasya valabhedinaḥ [|| 3*]

⟨0⟩ tataśśaṁyustato jajñe bharadvājasamāhvayaḥ [|*]

⟨0⟩ tato droṇo maheṣvāsassamare śakravikramaḥ [|| 4*] ⟨Page 515⟩

⟨0⟩ tato droṇānmahābāhussarvāyudhaviśāradaḥ [|*]

⟨0⟩ aśvatthāmā kilāṁśena saṁbabhūva pinākinaḥ [|| 5*]

⟨0⟩ aśvatthāmnastato rājā pallavākhyo babhūva ha [|*]

⟨0⟩ rarakṣa navakhaṇḍasthān bhūpatīn sakṛiṣīvalān [|| 6*]

⟨0⟩ vimalakoṁkaṇikādi tadanvayādajani bṛindamaripramadānataṁ [|*]

⟨0⟩ nihitaśāsanamanyanṛipeṣvapi priyatamaṁ jayaghoṣamanārataṁ [|| 7*]

⟨0⟩ bhutkvā bhuvaṁ svavīryeṇa catussāgaramekhalāṁ [|*]

⟨0⟩ tatassvargaṁ vimānena gateṣu vimalādiṣu [|| 8*] AsIt

⟨0⟩ purandarasamo rājā dṛiḍhabhaktirmuradviṣi [|*]

⟨0⟩ tantivarmā1mahābāhuḥ kṣmāpālamakuṭīnataḥ [|| 9*]

⟨0⟩ dharmmeṇa pālanāt2bhūmiṁ kalāvapi yuge nṛipaḥ [|*]

⟨0⟩ varṣaṇādapi dānasya parjanya iva nirbabhau [|| 10*]

⟨0⟩ ātmano bandiyuktān tān yamālayadidṛikṣayā [|*]

⟨0⟩ 3pādheyamiva kṛitvārīn khaṇḍāni vi[sa]sarja yaḥ [|| 11*]

⟨0⟩ nandivarmā mahābāhussañjāto4tantivarmmaṇaḥ [|*]

⟨0⟩ samare vijitā bhūmirasahāyena yena saḥ [|| 12*]

⟨0⟩ āsīt5śakhāhvayā devī tanvaṁgī nandivarmaṇaḥ [|*]

⟨0⟩ rāṣṭrakūṭa[ku]le jātā lakṣmīriva muradviṣaḥ [|| 13*]

⟨0⟩ kṣamāvatī dharitrīva mā[tṛi]vajjagataḥ priyā [|*]

⟨0⟩ babhau śaṁkhāhvayā devī rājña[ḥ*] śrīriva rūpiṇī [|| 14*]

⟨0⟩ tasyāṁ babhūva matikāntikalādimatyāṁ mānyaḥ kulena guṇavān bhuvanatrayeśaḥ [|*]

⟨0⟩ utpadyamānatapanādhipatulyatejā jiṣṇuḥ kalāvān samare nṛipatuṁgadevaḥ [|| 15*]6

⟨0⟩ yatprasādājjitā senā pāṇḍyena samare purā [|*]

⟨0⟩ 7pārericitsarājyaśrīrdadāha ripusaṁhatiṁ [|| 16*]

⟨0⟩ nṛipatuṁga iti khyāto bālopi bhuvaneśvaraḥ [|*]

⟨0⟩ khyāto na kevalaṁ bhūmāvamuṣminnapi rāmavat [|| 17*]

⟨0⟩ tasyopakārasaṁyukto rājñaḥ kurukulotbhavaḥ8[|*]

⟨0⟩ baśālivaṁśamārttāṇḍaḥ prajānāṁ śaraṇe rataḥ [|| 18*]

⟨0⟩ śaśivattilako loke gāṁbhīryādessamudravat [|*]

⟨0⟩ sūryavadrakṣaṇāllokān lokānāṁ nilayo nṛipaḥ [|| 19*] ⟨Page 516⟩

⟨0⟩ tasmāttasyocitannāmni tulyatā bhāti devavat [|*]

⟨0⟩ āthava sutarānnāma pratyakṣatvādviśāṁpateḥ [|| 20*]

⟨0⟩ grātra yaṁ svarāṣṭre saḥ kuruvaṁśavivarddhanaḥ [|*]

⟨0⟩ vijñāpya nṛipatuṁgeśāllabdhamājñaptipūrvakaḥ1[|| 21*]

⟨0⟩ ceṭuppākkaṁ phalādhāraṁ grāmamekamathāparaṁ [|*]

⟨0⟩ grāmaṁ2vidyādviḷāṁgādirephāntapadanāmakaṁ [|| 22*]

⟨0⟩ tasmādi ṟaippuṇaiccērīntritIyyaM3 sarvasaMpadaM [|*]

⟨0⟩ evaṁ grāmatrayaṁ labdhvā vidyāsthānāya dattavān [|| 23*]

⟨0⟩ mandākinīṁ samāyāntīmūrmivaṁśasamākulāṁ [|*]

⟨0⟩ saṁbabhāra yathā devo dhūrjaṭirjaṭayaikayā [|| 24*]

⟨0⟩ vidyānadī tathāgāthā caturdaśagaṇākulā [|*]

⟨0⟩ bāhugrāmajuṣāṁ sthānaṁ vyāpya yasmādvyavasthitā [|| 25*]

⟨0⟩ tatsthānamevaṁ viduṣāṁ vidyāsthānaṁ pracakṣate [|*]

⟨0⟩ tebhyo datvā sa bhūpālo grāmānājñaptipūrvakān [|| 26*]

⟨0⟩ hastisañcārisīmāntānātmānaṁ bahumanyate [|*]

⟨0⟩ yuktān sarvaparīhārairākaratvena rakṣitān [|| 27*]

⟨0⟩ ājñābhīrurddharmmaśīlastrailokyeśvarapūjitaḥ [|*]

⟨0⟩ mantrī bṛihaspatiprakhyaḥ rājña[ḥ*] śrītuṁgavarmmaṇaḥ [|| 28*]

⟨0⟩ āgāminaḥ prajāpālān yācate kurunandanaḥ [|*]

⟨0⟩ dharmmasya tasya sāmānyāt pālanīya iti svayaṁ [|| 29*]

⟨0⟩ dāsa[ḥ*] sthānasya vidyāyāḥ bāhugrāmajuṣāmayaṁ [|*]

⟨0⟩ kṛitavān śāstratatvajñaḥ praśastindāśayassvataḥ [|| 30*]

kovicaiya nirupatoṅkavarumaṟku yāṇṭu eṭṭāvatu bacālipperarayaṉ viṇṇappattāl viṭōlaiviṭuku kāṭupaṭṭittamiḻapperarayaṉ āṇattiyāka aruvānāṭṭukkiḻvaḻi vākūrnāṭṭu nāṭṭār kāṇka [||*] tannāṭṭu ceṭṭuppākkamum viḷāṅkāṭṭaṅkaṭuvaṉūrum iṟaippuṇaicceriyumāka immūṉṟūrum paḻayavaṟamum piramateyamum nīkki muṉpeṟṟārai māṟṟi yāṇṭu eṭṭāvatu pākūr vittiyāstāṉattārkku vittiyāṉupokamākappaṇittom [||*] tāṅkaḷum paṭākai naṭantu kalluṅkaḷḷiyum nāṭṭi aṟaiyolai ceytu viṭutakaveṉṟu nāṭṭārkkuttirumukam viṭa nāṭṭār tirumukaṅkaṇṭu toḻutu talaikku vaittu paṭākai naṭantu kalluṅkaḷḷiyum nāṭṭi aṟaiyōlai ceytu nāṭṭārviṭutta aṟaiyōlaippaṭi nilattukkellai [||*] viḷāṅkāṭṭaṅkaṭuvaṉūrkkum ceṭṭuppākkattukkumāka iraṇṭūrukkum kīḻpāṟkellai kāṭṭu ellai oṉṟum teṉmalipākkattu yellaiyiṉ meṟkum teṉpāṟkellai teṉmalipākkattellai oṉṟum nelvāyēppākkattellai oṉṟum uṟattūrellaikku vaṭakkum melpāṟkellai māmpākkattellai oṉṟum ivviḷāṅkāṭṭaṅkaṭuvaṉūr[p]pāṟ piramateyamāyiṉa aṟupatu ceṟuvukkukkiḻakkum vaṭapāṟkellai vākūrellaiyiṉṟeṟkum [||*] iṟaippuṇaiccerikkellai kiḻpāṟkellai nattamuḷḷiṭṭa kāṭṭukku meṟkum teṉpāṟkellai neriñcikkuṟumpiṉ ellaiyiṉ vaṭakkum melpāṟkellai vākūrellaiyiṉ kiḻakkum vaṭapāṟkellai ciṟimāṉpātti ellaiyiṉ ṟeṟkumāka ivvicaitta perunāṉkellaikaḷilumakappaṭṭa nilaṉ nirnilaṉum puñceyum ūrum ūrirukkaiyum maṉaiyum maṉaippaṭappum māṭuṅkaṉṟumēypāḻum kuḷamum kōṭṭakaramum kiṭaṅkum kēṇiyum kāṭuṅkaḷarum ōṭaiyum ⟨Page 517⟩ uṭaippum uḷḷiṭṭu nīrpūci neṭumparamapeṟintu uṭumpōṭi āmaitavaḻntatellām uṇṇilaṉoḻiviṉṟi vākūr vittiyāstāṉattārkku vittiyāṉupokamāy pākūrōṭē ēṟṟi vākūrpeṟṟa parikāramum vyavastaiyum peṟṟu carvaparikāramāy pirammateyamāy piracitti 1 ceṉṟatu [||*]

⟨0⟩ puṇyaṁ samaṁ kṛitavatāṁ parirakṣatāñcet tadrakṣateti nṛipatirnnṛipatuṁgavarmmā [|*]

⟨0⟩ āgāminaḥ kṣitipatīn praṇamatyajasraṁ mūrdhnā mukundacaraṇāṁbujaśekhareṇa [|| 31*]

⟨0⟩ uditoditakulatilakaḥ suvarṇakṛitsarvaśāstraniṣṇātaḥ [|*]

⟨0⟩ alikhannṛipatuṁgākhyaḥ pallavakulamūlabhṛityotra [|| 32*]

kaccippeṭṭukkiḻppaicārattu utitotayapperutaṭṭāṉ makaṉ mātevipperutaṭṭāṉ makaṉ nirupatoṅkaṉ eḻuttu [||*].

⟨SIIv02p0i0099⟩ No. 99.—TANDANTOTTAM PLATES OF VIJAYA-NANDIVIKRAMAVARMAN.

Taṇḍantōṭṭam (i.e. Tandantōttam, No. 134 of the Madras Survey map of the Kumbakonam taluk) is a village 6 miles east of Kumbakōṇam in the Tanjore district of the Madras Presidency. The existence of the plates was brought to the notice of the late Rai Bahadur V.Venkayya, M.A., by Mr. Narayanaswami Aiyar, Sub-Inspector of Police, Madras City. It is stated that they “were found with many other idols, while digging a foundation in the premises of a Śiva temple in the village of Thandanthottam, Kumbakonam taluk of Tanjore district, about 100 years ago. No one knew what it is and how they happened to be there.”

The plates are 14 in number, each measuring about 11(1/4)" by 3(3/4)". When they were produced before Mr. Venkayya the plates were strung on a ring which did not appear to have been previously cut. 2 The ring is somewhat oval with diameters measuring 6(1/2)" and 7(3/4)". Its ends are secured at the bottom of a circular seal 3" in diameter. The seal bears in relief a couchant Pallava bull facing the proper right. Along the margin of the seal is a Grantha legend which is illegible. The ring on which the plates are strung was cut by me with the permission of Mr. Narayanaswami Aiyar in order to change out the plates and prepare ink-impressions.

The two sides of the first plate, the first side of the second plate and the first five lines of its second side are in Sanskṛit verse, engraved in the Grantha alphabet and the rest, in the Tamil language and characters. The inscription must originally have consisted of many more plates, two or three of which at least are missing at the beginning. These would have supplied a genealogy of the Pallava kings similar to that of the Vēlūrpāḷaiyam plates of Vijaya-Nandivarman published above. The concluding words of some of the plates in the middle do not fit in with the opening words of the succeeding plates. Consequently, it is presumed that a few plates 3 of the grant portion are also lost. This presumption is confirmed by the fact that while the number of the donees according to the Sanskṛit portion has to be 308, the number actually registered is only 244, even including ⟨Page 518⟩ those whose names seem to have been added subsequently in comparatively later characters, or at least in a different hand.

The first plate of the preserved portion begins by referring to a king who conquered the South and stating that a certain Hiraṇyavarman was born “again” for the “welfare of the worlds” (jagatām hitāya V. 1). His son was Nandivarman who perhaps held the biruda Ēkadhīra 1. The next six verses are taken up with the praise of Nandivarman. Two historical facts referred to in this part of the inscription are interesting. One of them is that Nandivarman took away from the Gaṅga king a neck-ornament which contained in it the gem called Ugrōdaya (V. 6). The name of this Gaṅga king, however, is not furnished. The other is that Nandivarman was the owner of an elephant named Paṭṭavardhana (V. 7). With the permission of the king, a certain Dayāmukha caused a village to be granted to 308 Brāhmaṇas and called it Dayāmukhamaṅgala after his own name (V. 9). The executor (ājñapti) of the grant was evidently the very same person Dayāmukha entitled Kumāra, who is stated to have been the king's treasurer (V. 10). The composer of the eulogy (praśasti) was Paramēśvara Uttarakāraṇika son of Param-Ōttarakāraṇika (V. 14).

The Tamil portion is dated in the 58th year of Kōvijaya-Nandivikramavarman and registers a gift of land (converted into a village 2) lying to the west of Taṇḍattōṭṭam (i.e. Taṇḍantōṭṭam) in Teṉkarai-Naṟaiyūr-nāḍu, a district of the Chōḷa country, to a number of Brāhmaṇas of Nalgūr 3.

To judge from the high regnal year, the Taṇḍattōṭṭam plates must belong to the reign of that Pallava king Vijaya-Nandivikramavarman whose Tiruvallam rock inscription is dated in his 62nd year i.e. 4 years later than our plates 4. At the same time the alphabet of the plates and the name of the king lead us to infer that the Vijaya-Nandivikramavarman who issued these plates may be identical with Vijaya-Nandivarman III, the donor of the Vēlūrpāḷaiyam plates. If the inscription were preserved in full, this question would not have been left to surmise and conjecture. The father of Vijaya-Nandivikramavarman is here stated to have been Hiraṇyavarman; while, the father of Vijaya-Nandivarman, according to the Vēlūrpāḷaiyam plates, was Dantivarman. If the proposed identity of Vijaya-Nandivikramavarman with Vijaya-Nandivarman is accepted, the apparent discrepancy in the name of the father could be explained. The statement that Hiraṇyavarman “was born again,” evidently indicates a second king of that name and we may suppose that Dantivarman, the father of Vijaya-Nandivikramavarman, was also called Hiraṇyavarman like his grandfather Hiraṇyavarman I the father of Nandivarman Pallavamalla. If the foregoing surmises are confirmed by future researches, the Taṇḍantōṭṭam grant would be 52 years later than the Vēlūrpāḷaiyam plates of the same king.

The donees whose enumeration occupies more than eleven plates of the inscription number 244. They belong to various gōtras and sūtras. To judge from their titles (such as ⟨Page 519⟩ Chaturvēdin, Trivēdin, Sōmayājin, Vasantayājin, Shaḍaṅgavid, Bhaṭṭa, Kramavid, Sarvakratuyājin, Daśapurīya 1, Agnichit, and Vājapēyin) most of them must have been learned men as stated in verse 9. The largest number of shares assigned to a single individual is 12 and such a recipient was Attōṇa-Shaḍaṅgavi-Sōmayājin (No. 109) whose gōtra and sūtra are lost on one of the missing plates. The composer of the inscription, viz., Uttarakāraṇika alias Ayyaṉ Paramēśvara of the Rathītara-gōtra and Paviṛiya-sūtra (No. 128) received two shares. Among the other donees, Tiruvaḍigaḷ (evidently the name of the local Vishṇu temple or of the Śaiva devotees, as stated on page (41) of the introduction) got 5 shares while Mahādēva (the Śiva temple) was assigned 2 shares. One share was allotted to the reciter of the Bhārata; and the three arbitrators (madhyastha) got one share each. A share was assigned for “pouring water” and for “lighting fire” in the hall (ambalam). Perhaps this was the hall where the village assembly used to meet. Apparently the Bhārata was also recited in this same hall. The donees seem to have belonged to different parts of the country. The names of their native villages indicate that a pretty large number of them must have been originally residents of the Telugu country. Taṇukkil, Kārambichchēḍu, Iṛakkandoṟu, Iruṅgaṇḍi, Nambūr, Karañjai 2, Piṇukkippaṟu 3, Vēlpaṟu, Poppaṟu, Vaṅgippaṟu, Aṭṭambaṟu, Muḍipaṟu (or Muḍapaṟu), Virippaṟu, Arasappaṟu, Karippaṟu, Nūttilāppaṟu and Ponnambaṟu are apparently names of villages which were probably situated in the Telugu country. Kumiṛūr, Kāṭṭukkuṟi, Maṇaṟkāl, Mandiram, Paṟiyalūr, Pāḍagam, Pāṟkuḷam, Aṅgārai, Kaḷattūr, Veṇṇainallūr, Perumbūdūr, Kāynīrkuḷam, Īykkāṭṭukkōyil, Śiṟupaṛuvūr, Puliyūr (in Miṛalai-nāḍu), Aruvāgūr and Taramanallūr (in Aruvā-nāḍu) 4 are distinctly Tamil names. The donees whose native villages may be presumed to have been situated in the Telugu country need not necessarily have immigrated into the Chōḷa country at the time of the grant. They might have been settled there sometime before. In any case it is clear that there was a large colony of Telugu Brāhmaṇas in the heart of the Chōḷa country during the first half of the 9th century A.D. The Telugu birudas of the Pallava king Mahēndravarman found in the Trichinopoly cave inscription, 5 testify to the influence of the Telugu people in the Chōḷa country already in the 7th century A.D. It is worthy of note that a large number of the village names are now held as titles by some well-known Śrī-Vaishṇava families—Dvēdaikōmapuram (Vēdagōmapura), Vaṅgippaṟu (Vaṅgippura), Uruppiṭṭūr (Uruppuṭṭūr), Kārambichchēḍu (Kārambichchēṭṭu), Śrīmalai (Tirumalai), Pattaṅgi, Vīravaḷḷi (Vīravalli), Muḍumbe, Taṇukkil, Kumāṇḍūr, Puttūr, Śēṭṭalūr and Kuṇḍūr being some. Maṇaṟkāl has evidently lent its name to one of the later Vaishṇava āchāryas of the 12th century, named Maṇakkāl-Nambi. ⟨Page 520⟩

TEXT. 1

Plate Ia.

⟨1⟩ jayandatṣiṇāśām2©bhuraṇyutejāḥ punarāvirāsīdaraṇyasaṁsthāpitaśatrulokaḥ [|*] śaraṇyabhūtaśśara-

⟨2⟩ ṇonmukhānāṁ hiraṇyavarmmā jagatāṁ hitāya ©[1*]3śrīmāndhīmānjitaripugaṇastejasāndhāma rājā tīro-

⟨3⟩ pāntasthitajayagajassāgarāṇāñcaturṇṇānmā4sīdāśāparitatayaśā nandivarmmeti nāmnā jātastasmātsa-

⟨4⟩ miti mahitaḥ5sarvaśāstraprayogaiḥ ©[2*] rājāhvayo yamanamanna mṛitāṁśureko 6 yasmai jagatyakara-

⟨5⟩ do viṣayopyamartyaḥ [|*] yasminnagamyamavati7tṣitimindrakalpe prasthānavartma narakam prati ca prajānām ©[3*] ya-

⟨6⟩ ssaccakrasya bharttā haririva vibudhāśśakravadyaṁ śrayante yenābhūdbhūssanāthā sucaritamamalaṁ ro-

⟨7⟩ cate cāru yasmai [|*] yasmādbhīrekadhīrādyudhi paranṛibhujāṁ yasya kīrtyā daśāśā[ssaṁ]pūrṇṇā[ḥ*] śrīśca yasmi-

Plate Ib.

⟨8⟩ nnivasati sucirantyaktacāpalyadoṣā ©[4*] udvegaḥ pavane vane capalatāsaṁgaḥ kalāvattṣa-8

⟨9⟩ yaḥ9patṣe śuklavivarjjaye 10viṣadharādhikyannidāghātyaye [|*] nistriṁśagrahaṇam bhaṭeṣu marutāñcitre

⟨10⟩ vimānasthitiryyasminvipravaradviṣaśca bhujagā eva11tṣitiṁ śāsatiḥ ©[5*] dhatte gaṁgādapahṛitamugro-

⟨11⟩ dayakaustubhaṁ gaḷābharaṇaṁ [|*] svahṛidayasaṁnnihitācyutaśayanamivāhīndramurasā yaḥ ©[6*] svabha-

⟨12⟩ rturiva yammado jaya12ivāṁgavānjaṁgamo girīndra iva paṭṭavarddhana iti dvipendrobhajat [|*] savibhrama-

⟨13⟩ paribhramadbhramarabṛindagaṇḍūṣita13tṣaranmadaviśeṣaśeṣakṛitamaṇḍagaṇḍasthalaḥ ©[7*] 14ratṣitasatvacchā-

⟨14⟩ yaḥ priyasatyo ji[ṣṇu]racyuta[ḥ*] śrīmān [|*] yaḥ khalu narakāntātmā haririti bahumanyate vibudhaiḥ ©[8*]

Plate IIa.

⟨15⟩ tasmai nivedya vidhināṣṭaśatatrayāya vedatrayasmṛitijuṣām viduṣāndvijānām [|*] nāmnā dayāmukha itī-

⟨16⟩ mamadāpayattaṁ grāmaṁ kṛitī kṛitadayāmukhamaṁgalākhyam ©[9*] asyājñaptirabhūtsa eva matimāndharmmārttha-

⟨17⟩ kāmopadhāśuddha[śśuddha]caritrapātramamadassvāmyekabhaktivrataḥ [|*] satsāmānyadhanaśca dharmmaśara-

⟨18⟩ ṇassa[m]bandhiniryyantriṇaḥ1516kośāddhyatṣaniyogakarmmakuśalaḥ kulyaḥ kumārāhvayaḥ ©[10*] yo

⟨19⟩ goṣpadāvadhimapi pradadāti bhūmiṁ yo vā haratyagaṇayanparipākamugram [|*] ācandratāramadhiti-

⟨20⟩ ṣṭhata eva tau dvau nākaukasāñca sadanannarakañca ghoram ©[11*] dharmmaṁ śarmma kṛitammayā kṛitamimaṁ

⟨21⟩ 17sāmrājyadītṣāvrato18ratṣatyatṣatalatṣaṇaṁ tṣititale yaḥ 19tṣatracūḷāmaṇiḥ [|*] mūrddhanyatra muku-

Plate IIb.

⟨22⟩ ndavandyacaraṇadvandvaṁ vihāyāpareṣvajñātapraṇato20vasenpadayugantasyetyavocannṛipaḥ ©[12*]

⟨23⟩ gāvaḥ pāvanasarvagātraśucayaḥ kāmāya vassantu yāḥ śuddhiṁ svāmiva darśayanti hi payovyājā- ⟨Page 521⟩

⟨24⟩ dduhānā1svayam [|*] mānyāḥ pāntu mahīsurāśca bhavato vāgāyudhā 2svarggiṇāṁ ye yāgepyamṛitāśi-

⟨25⟩ nāṁ sva[ha]viṣā santoṣamātanvate ©[13*] paramottarakāraṇikasyākṛita kavitāsvayamvṛita-

⟨26⟩ varasya [|*]uttarakāraṇikākhyastanayaḥ parameśvaraḥ praśastimimām ©[14*] kovicaiya nantivikkirama-

⟨27⟩ parumaṟku yāṇṭu aympatteṭṭāvatu coḻanāṭṭutteṉkarai naṟaiyūrnāṭṭu nāṭṭā-

⟨28⟩ r kāṇka taṅkaṇāṭṭuttaṇṭattoṭṭattukku meṟkukkiṭanta kāṭuṅkarampaiyum ā-

Plate IIIa.

⟨29⟩ m 3 paṇṇiyum kuṟaṅkaṟuttum koḷḷappeṟuvā[ril]lātatākavum kūṟṟaṉvāymītey uvaṉṟi

⟨30⟩ ceytu nīrkoṇṭu pontu pāyttappeṟuvatākavum cekkum taṟiyumulaviyakkūliyum kaṇ-

⟨31⟩ ṇālakkāṇamum ūreṭṭum kucakkāṇamum taṭṭukkāyamum īḻampūṭciyumiṭaippūṭciyuṅ kūla-

⟨32⟩ mum tarakupāṭṭamun tirumukakkāṇamumuppukkocceykaiyum nallāvum nallerutum vaṭṭinā-

⟨33⟩ ḻiyuṅ kaṭaiyaṭaikkāyum putānāḻiyumuḷḷiṭṭuk kottoṭṭuṇṇappālaṉa evva-

⟨34⟩ kaippaṭṭaṉavumiṟātu ivvūr peṟṟa brāhmaṇare yuṇṇappeṟuvārkaḷākavum tamaṉakannaṭap-

⟨35⟩ peṟuvatākavum cuṭṭiṭṭikaiyāṟ māṭamāḷikai yeṭukkappeṟuvatākavum turavukiṇaṟiḻikkappe-

⟨36⟩ ṟuvatākavum kāvuteṅkiṭappeṟuvatākavum peruñcekkiṭappeṟuvatākavum ivvūrellaiyiṟṟeṅkum

⟨37⟩ paṉaiyumīḻavarēṟappeṟātārākavum ivaiyuḷḷiṭṭa sarvvaparihāramāy brahmadeya[m] peṟṟa nalkūr

Plate IIIb.

⟨38⟩ naṟpāppār kāśyapagotrattu āvattampa cūttirattukkarañcai vattavaṉ kumārakovaccaturvveti-

⟨39⟩ ccomāci paṅkoṉṟum ikkottiratticcūttirattivvūr vattavaṉ nārāyaṇa uru- draccaturvveticcomā-

⟨40⟩ ci paṅkoṉṟum ikkōttiratticcūttirattivvūr vattavaṉ viṣṇudāsaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikko-

⟨41⟩ ttiratticcūttirattuk kuṇṭūrccaṉṉayaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirat-

⟨42⟩ tivvūr ākkoccaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattivvūr nārāyaṇa vasantayā-

⟨43⟩ ji paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattivvūr kumāraṭiccaṭaṅkavi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratti-

⟨44⟩ ccūttirattivvūr veṇṇayaccaṭaṅkavi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottirattic cūttirattivvūr tattakuṭṭic-

⟨45⟩ caṭaṅkavi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattivvūr tattakuṭṭibhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||—

Plate IVa.

⟨46⟩ ikkottiratticcūttirattu kuṇṭūr uḻuttirakantaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūt-

⟨47⟩ tirattu aṭṭampaṟuttu dāmaṇaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu karippaṟuttu ⟨Page 522⟩

⟨48⟩ nārāyaṇaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu vaṅkippaṟuttu toṇamattiruve-

⟨49⟩ ti paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu uviyūr viñcakumāraccaṭaṅkavi paṅkoṉṟum [|||—]

⟨50⟩ ikkottiratticcūttirattu amuttaṉūr kovaṭiccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratti-

⟨51⟩ ccūttirattu uṟuppiṭṭur koṇṭamakkiramavittaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu kāra-

⟨52⟩ mpicceṭṭu kumāraṭittiruveti paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu ceruppaḷḷi nārāyaṇac-

⟨53⟩ caṭaṅkavi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottirattu āśvalāyaṉacūttirattu paṟiyalūr sūryyadattabhaṭṭaṉ pa-

Plate IVb.

⟨54⟩ ṅki[ra]ṇṭum |||—ikkottirattu cantokacūttirattu pāṭakattu mātirupūticcaṭaṅkavic[co]māci paṅ-

⟨55⟩ koṉṟum |||—ikkottirattu vāseṇicūttirattu nukuñcūṭṭukkuṇṭaśarmmaṉ paṅku nāṉkum |||—

⟨56⟩ ikkottirattuppaviḻiyacūttirattu nimpey vaṭukaśarmmattiruveti paṅkoṉṟum |||— ikkot-

⟨57⟩ tirattu ca[n]tokacūttirattu korañci kantakumāraccatu[r]vvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||— gautamagotrat-

⟨58⟩ tu hiraṇyakeśicūttirattu pāṟkuḷattu nākakumāraccaturvvedibhaṭṭaccomāci paṅkiraṇṭum ||—i-

⟨59⟩ kkottiratticcūttirattu kāynirkkuḷattu kumārakaṇṇaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum ||| ikkotti-

⟨60⟩ rattu prāvacaṉacūttirattu kuṟukoṭṭikkantakumārakkiramavittaṉ paṅkoṉṟum ||| ikkottirat-

⟨61⟩ ticcūttirattivvūr uḻuttiraccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottirattu āpattampa cūttirattu nel-

Plate Va.

⟨62⟩ lūr caṉṉayattiruvetibhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu paṟāntūr accuvaṉa-

⟨63⟩ ccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu aṅkāraikkumārakūḷaccatu- [r*]vvedi paṅko-

⟨64⟩ ṉṟum ||| ikkottiratticcūttirattivvūr kaṇṇakumāraccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum ||[|] ikkottira-

⟨65⟩ tticcūttirattu kārampicceṭṭu kaṇatāyaccaṭaṅkavi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcū-

⟨66⟩ ttirattu irāyūr attuvaccaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu vaṅkippa-

⟨67⟩ ṟuttu tāmotiraccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu ākkitattaśarmmaccaṭaṅkavi

⟨68⟩ paṅkoṉṟum |||—āttiraiyagotrattu āpattampacūttirattu vaṅkippaṟuttu tukka- śarmmatri[ve]-

⟨69⟩ di paṅkoṉṟum ||| ikkottiratticcūttirattivvūr harisvāmiccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikk[o]-

Plate Vb.

⟨70⟩ ttiratticcūttirattu dvetaikompaṟuttu1maṇikkuṭṭaccatu r[vvedi] paṅkoṉṟum [|||] ikkot[tiratti]c[cū]-

⟨71⟩ ttirattivvūr nārāyaṇauḻutaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||— ikkottiratticcūttirattu mu[ṭi]paṟuttu

⟨72⟩ tāmotiraccaturvvedibhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattuppaṟāntūr kumāraceṭṭac-

⟨73⟩ caturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu vaṅkippaṟuttu kantamaccatu- [r*]vvedi paṅko- ⟨Page 523⟩

⟨74⟩ ṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu muṭapaṟuttu nārāyaṇaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum ||| ikkot-

⟨75⟩ tiratticcūttirattu karañcai tevaśarmmaccaṭaṅkavi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu uhali vi-

⟨76⟩ ṇṇayaccaturvvedibhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu vaṅkippaṟuttu tāmotiratti-

⟨77⟩ ruveti paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu uhali nārāyaṇaccaturvvedibhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉṟum

Plate VIa.

⟨78⟩ 1 vaskandaccaṭaṅkavi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattivvūr svāmiśarmmaccaṭaṅkavi paṅko-

⟨79⟩ ṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattivvūr viṣṇudattabhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūt-

⟨80⟩ tirattu pāṭakattu svāmitevaccaṭaṅkavi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottirattu hiraṇyakeśicūttirat-

⟨81⟩ tuk kaḷattūr sukumāraccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottirattu āvattampacūttirattu

⟨82⟩ kākkaimirāttu bhavadāsadaśapuriyaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||— āgniveśyagotrattu āvattam-

⟨83⟩ pacūttirattu virippaṟuttu viñcakumāraccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottirattu prāvacaṉacūtti-

⟨84⟩ rattu irāyūr kuṇṭicāmittiruveti paṅkoṉṟum |||— bhāradvājagotrattu cantokacūttirattu ve-

⟨85⟩ ṇṇainallūr agnikoṇṭaccaṭaṅkavi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu pattaṅki kū-

Plate VIb.

⟨86⟩ ḷamaṇṭaiccaṭaṅkavi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattivvūr attāḻiccaṭaṅkavi paṅko-

⟨87⟩ ṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattup pāṭakattu urudranantibhaṭṭaccomāci paṅkiraṇṭum |||—ik-

⟨88⟩ kottirattu āvattampacūttirattu poppaṟuttu viṣṇuccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||— ikkottirattu

⟨89⟩ iccūttirattu kuṇṭur kantakumāraccaturvvedibhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcū-

⟨90⟩ ttirattu k[ā]rampicceṭṭu akkoṟṟaccatu[r]vvedibhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉṟum ||| ikkottiratticcūtti-

⟨91⟩ rattu uviyūr nārā[ya*]ṇaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu karañcai bhavaskandaccaṭaṅ-

⟨92⟩ kavi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu paṟāntūr yajñamāta[va*]ccatu- [r*]vvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ik-

⟨93⟩ kottiratticcūttirattu uviyūr uḻutakumāraccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu

Plate VIIa.

⟨94⟩ cāntūr aṇṇamañciccatu[r*]vvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu piṇukkippaṟun-2

⟨95⟩ tu vi[ṣṇu]dāsaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu kuravacirippavamātavaccaturvve-

⟨96⟩ diccomāci paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu kumiḻur tevaṭiccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum [|*]

⟨97⟩ ikkottiratticcūttirattuttaṇukkil akkūḷaccaturvvedibhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||— ikko-

⟨98⟩ ttiratticcūttirattu poppaṟuttu maṇṭaiyaccaturvvediccomāci paṅkoṉṟum |||— ikko-

⟨99⟩ ttiratticcūttirattu kāṭṭukkuṟi kūḷaśarmmaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirat- ⟨Page 524⟩

⟨100⟩ tu uviyūr viṣṇukumāraccaturvvedibhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattut taṇukkil

⟨101⟩ viṣṇukumārattiruveti paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu kāṭṭukkuṟi- brahmadattatti-

Plate VIIb.

⟨102⟩ ruveti paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu poṉṉampaṟuttu nārāyaṇaccaturvvedi

⟨103⟩ paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattivvūr toṇayattiruveti paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkotti-

⟨104⟩ ratticcūttirattu kārampicceṭṭu uḻutakumārattiruveti paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu

⟨105⟩ makacirai toṇamaṇṭaiccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattukarañcai vrarddhama1-

⟨106⟩ ccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu kuravaciri viṇṇakantaccaturvvedi paṅko-

⟨107⟩ ṉṟum ||| ikkottirattu iccūttirattu vaṅkippaṟuttu kantakumāraccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikko-

⟨108⟩ ttiratticcūttirattu kāracciṟai caṉṉayattiruveticcomāci paṅkoṉṟum |||— ikkottiratticcūttirat-

⟨109⟩ tu kurovi veṇṇayaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattukumiḻur kāmayaccatu-

Plate VIIIa.

⟨110⟩ rvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu ūṭṭukkūr nākaviṣṇukkiramavittaṉ pa-

⟨111⟩ ṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu makacirai nārāyaṇaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum ||| [ik-

⟨112⟩ 2 kottiratticcūttirattu kārampicceṭṭu] na • • • • • [yaccatu- rvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—] i-

⟨113⟩ kkottirattu prāvacaṉacūttirattu maṇaṟkāl sarvvakratuyāci tattaṅkumāṉ 3 paṅku [mū]-

⟨114⟩ ṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattivvūr tattañcāttaṉ paṅkiraṇṭum |||—ikkottiratti-

⟨115⟩ ccūttirattu kārampicceṭṭu appūticcatu[r*]vvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu irā-

⟨116⟩ yūr nārāyaṇabhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattivvūr coṭṭe4 mādhavabhaṭṭaṉ

⟨117⟩ paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu ceṭṭalūr attāḻittiruveti paṅkoṉṟum ||| i-

Plate VIIIb.

⟨118⟩ kkottirattu paviḻiyacūttirattu aṇuppūr bhavarudraccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||— ikkotti-

⟨119⟩ rattu bhāradvājacūttirattu [mi]rāṅkaḷūr nārāyaṇabhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūt-

⟨120⟩ tirattu kāñcikkuṟi irāttamāttiruveti paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottirattu kāḷarcaccūttirattu

⟨121⟩ mantirattu pavatāyattiruveti paṅkoṉṟum |||— vatsagotrattu āvattampacūttirattu nampū-

⟨122⟩ r veṇṇaśarmmaccaturvvedibhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu kulaputti ve-

⟨123⟩ ṇṇayaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu nampūr bhavasāmiccaturvvedi paṅko- ⟨Page 525⟩

⟨124⟩ ṉṟum [|]||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu kulaputti attāyaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottira-

⟨125⟩ tticcūttirattu nampūr yajñamāta[va*]ccaturvvedibhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu

Plate IXa.

⟨126⟩ 1 ttiratticcūttirattu ceruppaḷḷi toṇamakkiramavittaṉum ivaṉ makaṉ kumāra[ṭi]kkiramavittaṉu[mā]-

⟨127⟩ yppaṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu kārampicceṭṭu tevapūticcatu- [r*]vvedi [paṅ]koṉṟum [|]

⟨128⟩ ikkottiratticcūttirattu ayiyakki attoṇaccaṭaṅkaviccomāci paṅku panniraṇṭum ||—i-

⟨129⟩ kkottiratticcūttirattu muṭumpeccaṉṉa kumāraccaturvvedibhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikk[o]-

⟨130⟩ ttiratticcūttirattu karañcai veṇṇayaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottirattu canto-

⟨131⟩ kacūttirattu muṭumpe akkantaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu pippa-

⟨132⟩ rai akkantaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum [|||—] ikkottiratticcūttirattu muṭumpekūḷaśarmmakrama-

⟨133⟩ vittaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottirattu prāvacaṉacūttirattu kuṇṭur tāmotiraccaturvvedi pa-

Plate IXb.

⟨134⟩ ṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu veḷḷaiyūr viṣṇubhūticcaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||— mu-

⟨135⟩ 2 tgalagotrattu āvattampacūttirattu iḻakkantoṟuttu kaṭampabhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikko-

⟨136⟩ ttiratticcūttirattu uṟuppiṭṭur bhavaskandaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu i-

⟨137⟩ ḻakkantoṟuttu yajñayaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattilvūr kāḷaśa-

⟨138⟩ rmmattiruv[e]ti paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattivvūr pavacāmittiruveti paṅkoṉṟu-

⟨139⟩ m |||— ikkottiratticcūttirattu paṟāntūr eṟamattiruveti paṅkoṉṟum ||| ikkottirattu prāvaca-

⟨140⟩ ṉacūttirattu ayyakki ceṭṭayaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||— śuṉakagotrattu āvattampacūtti-

⟨141⟩ rattu maṇiyūr pocaṉpavvikkiramavittaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||— 3 rāthitaragotrattu āvattampa[cū]-

Plate Xa.

⟨142⟩ ttirattu ōrikoṉṟai kumārapūticcaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu kuravaciri ca-

⟨143⟩ ṉṉakumāraccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattivvūr attikuṭṭiccaturvvedi paṅ-

⟨144⟩ koṉṟum |||—ikkottirattu paviḻiyacūttirattu meṟṟāmaṇamaṅkalattu uttarak[ā]raṇikaṉāyiṉa

⟨145⟩ [ayyaṉ] parameśvaraṉ paṅkiraṇṭum |||— garggagotrattu āvattampacūttirattu kāramapicceṭṭu

⟨146⟩ [m]ātavat[ti]ruveti paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu kuñcappayl 4 harisvāmiccaturvve-

⟨147⟩ di paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattivvūr kantaṇaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottira-

⟨148⟩ tticcūttirattu maṟṟalūr caṉṉayaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu kuñcap-

⟨149⟩ pevil bhavaśarmmaccaturvvedibhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottirattu paviḻiyacūttirattu vaṅkippa- ⟨Page 526⟩

Plate Xb.

⟨150⟩ ṟuttu tāmotirabhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||— vādhūlagotrattu āvattampacūttirattu kārampicceṭ-

⟨151⟩ ṭu kantāṭai vāsutevaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu karañcai maṇṭai[ya]-

⟨152⟩ ccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu kārampicceṭṭu kantāṭai vāsudevaccatu[rvve]-

⟨153⟩ dibhaṭṭa agnicittasarvvakratuyāci paṅku muṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattivvūr suyajñakeśa-

⟨154⟩ vaccaturvvedibhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattivvūr nārāyaṇaccatur[vve]di paṅ-

⟨155⟩ koṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu kuṇṭur caṉṉayattiruveti paṅkoṉṟum |||— lohitago-

⟨156⟩ trattu prāvacaṉacūttirattu kārampicceṭṭu agniśarmmaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||— ikkottiratti-

⟨157⟩ ccūttirattivvūr tiṇṭakumāraccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattivvūr tāmotirac-

Plate XIa.

⟨158⟩ 1 ttirattu śrīmalai agnirudraccaturvvedibhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉṟum [|||—] ikkottiratticcūttirat-

⟨159⟩ tu vaṅkippaṟuttu centakumāraccaṭaṅkavi paṅkoṉṟum |||— bhārggavagotrattu prāvacaṉa cūtti-

⟨160⟩ rattu maṇaṟkāl āytāṅki caṅkarañcentaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||— kauśikagotrattu āva-

⟨161⟩ ttampacūttirattu irāttakkuṟi keśavaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcū-

⟨162⟩ ttirattu velvaṭṭi nākoṇṭaccaturvvediccomāci paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottirattic-

⟨163⟩ cūttirattu karañcai jayantarudraccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu paṟān-

⟨164⟩ tūr urudraśarmmadaśapuriyaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu ceṭṭaḷūr suyajñabha-

⟨165⟩ vasenattiruvetibhaṭṭaccomāci paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu koṭṭuṅko-

Plate XIb.

⟨166⟩ mpaṟuttu 2 uḻutakuṭṭidaśapuriyaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu kuravaciri viṣṇu-

⟨167⟩ kumārabhaṭṭaccomāci paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu karañcai koraṭiccaturvvedi

⟨168⟩ paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu kumāṇṭur tiyampakaccaṭaṅkavi paṅkoṉṟu-

⟨169⟩ m |||— ikkottiratticcūttirattu velvaṭṭi agnicittaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||— ikko-

⟨170⟩ ttiratti[c]cūttirattivvūr kumāramaṇṭaittiruveti paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottirattu cant[o]-

⟨171⟩ kacūttirattu ēkampūr nārāyaṇaccaṭaṅkavi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu arasa-

⟨172⟩ ppaṟuttu toṇamaccaṭaṅkavi paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottirattu bhāradvājacūttirattu paṟāntūr

⟨173⟩ devakumārakramavittaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottirattu kāḷarccacūttirattu peruvali ko- ⟨Page 527⟩

Plate XIIa.

⟨174⟩ vaṭiccaturvvedibhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottirattu prāvacaṉacūttirattu pavakkuṟi tiṇṭamā-

⟨175⟩ taccaturvvediccomāci paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattivvūr cāmikuṭṭiccaturvvedi paṅ-

⟨176⟩ koṉṟum |||—ikkottirattu hiraṇyakeśicūttirattu perumpāṇṭur nārāyaṇabha- ṭṭaṉ paṅ-

⟨177⟩ koṉṟum [|||—] śālāvatagotrattu āvattampacūttirattu velpaṟuttu tūrkkamaccaturvve-

⟨178⟩ di paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattivvūr kantakumāraccaturvvedi paṅkoṉ-

⟨179⟩ ṟum |||— kutsagotrattu āvattampacūttirattu otimūkkil mādhavaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||—

⟨180⟩ vasiṣṭhagotrattu āvattampacūttirattu kuravaciri attikumāraccaturvvedibhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉ-

⟨181⟩ ṟum |||— ikkottiratticcūttirattu vīravaḷḷi accaṭṭittiruveti paṅkoṉṟum |||— ikkottira-

Plate XIIb.

⟨182⟩ tticcūttirattu [va]ṅkippaṟuttu divākarakramavittaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirat-

⟨183⟩ tu eṭṭukkūr kaṇavuḻuttatiruveti paṅkoṉṟum |||— sāvarṇṇigotrattu cantokacūttira-

⟨184⟩ ttu pāṭakattu nār[āya]ṇabhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉṟum ||| ikkottiratticcūttirattivvūr conikuṭṭic-

⟨185⟩ caturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||— parāśaragotrattu āvattampacūttirattu kallakkūrp pāppa-

⟨186⟩ ṭiccatur[vve]di paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu oṅkaḷūr akkumāraccaturvvedi paṅ-

⟨187⟩ koṉṟum |||—ikkottirattu prāvacaṉacūttirattu vaṅkippaṟuttu accentattiruveti paṅko-

⟨188⟩ ṉṟum |||— vārakhyagotrattu āvattampacūttirattu pūṉiyattu ceṭṭaśarmmaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||—kapi-

⟨189⟩ gotrattu āvattampacūttirattu paṟāntūr maheśvaraccaturvvedibhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉṟum |||— ik-

Plate XIIIa.

⟨190⟩ kottirattu prāvacaṉacūttirattu perumpūtūr kumāratattattiruveti paṅkoṉṟum |||— dhūmrā-

⟨191⟩ yaṇagotrattu āvattampacūttirattu uṟuppiṭṭūrccaṉṉayattiruveti paṅkoṉṟum |||—

⟨192⟩ paurukutsagotrattu prāvacaṉacūttirattu koṭṭi agniśarmmaccatu[r]vvedi paṅkoṉṟum |||— gau-

⟨193⟩ tamagotrattu āvattampacūttirattu kārampicceṭṭu nantikuṭṭittiruveti paṅkoṉ-

⟨194⟩ ṟum |||— kāśyapagotrattu āvattampacūttirattu karañcai kantapūtiddaśapuriyaṉ paṅko-

⟨195⟩ ṉṟum || sāṅkratikottirattu prāvacaṉacūttirattu iruṅkaṇṭi kumāraśarmmaccaṭaṅkavi paṅ-

⟨196⟩ koṉṟum |||—hāritagotrattu āvattampacūttirattu kākkaimirāttu yajñaśarmmaccaturvvedi-

⟨197⟩ bhaṭṭaṉ paṅk[o]ṉṟum |||—tiruvaṭikaḷukkuppaṅku ayintu mah[ā*]devarkkuppaṅkiraṇṭum

Plate XIIIb.

⟨198⟩ bhāratam [v*]ācippāṉukkuppaṅkoṉṟum |||—taṭṭaḻikoṭṭikaḷukkuppaṅkoṉṟum |||— madhyasthar

⟨199⟩ mūvarkkum paṅku mūṉṟum ||— ampalantaṇṇīraṭṭuvārkkum tīyerippāṉukkumākappa-

⟨200⟩ ṅkoṉṟum |||—miḻalaināṭṭuppuliyūr ṛiṣivaikhānasan satyakaṟpabhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉ- ⟨Page 528⟩

⟨201⟩ ṟum |||— vaidyarkkuppaṅkiraṇṭum |||— vādhūlagotrattu āvattampa cūttirattu kārampi-

⟨202⟩ cceṭṭu kantāṭai vāsudevaccatu[r*]vvedibhaṭṭaagnicittassarvvakratuvācaveci1 paṅko-

⟨203⟩ ṉṟum |||— vatsagotrattu āvattampa 2cūttirattu nūttilāppaṟuttu maṇṭaiyaccatu-

⟨204⟩ rvvediccomāci paṅkoṉṟum |||—ikkottiratticcūttirattu vaṅkippaṟuttu bhava[ru]-

⟨205⟩ draccaturvvedi pa[ṅ]koṉṟum |||— 3kūṟṟaṉvāyiṉiṉṟum nirīyntavāṟuṇṇappaṇi-

Plate XIVa.

⟨206⟩ ttem4 |||— bhāradvājagotrattu prāvaccaṉṉa5cūttirattu irāyūr nārāyaṇa[da]ttabhaṭṭa-

⟨207⟩ ṉ paṅkoṉṟum ||—ikkottirattu āvattampacūttirattu kāracciṟai caṉṉayaccatu-

⟨208⟩ [r*]vvedi paṅkoṉṟum ||— māṭharagotrattu6hiraṇyakeśisūtrattu kommārai svāmidatta-

⟨209⟩ bhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉṟum || kāśyapagotrattu cantokacūttirattuppāṭakattukkaṉmā-

⟨210⟩ taccaṭaṅkavi paṅkoṉṟum || garggagotrattu āva[t*]tampacūttirattu kuñcappevil

⟨211⟩ nakkat[o]ṇaccaturvvedi paṅkoṉṟum || pātara[ṇi]gotrattu prāvaccaṉṉa 5cū-

⟨212⟩ ttirattu talaiccaṅkāṭṭukkalaiyañcomaṉ paṅkoṉṟum || bhāradvājago-

⟨213⟩ trattu prāvaccaṉṉa 5cūttirattuppayyūrppaṭuvuḻāṉ divākarañcāmi paṅkoṉṟum

⟨214⟩ madhyasthar paṅku mu[ṉ*]ṟum perumpuḷḷe virakantaṉ oṉṟum (|) ivvūr ṛi[ṣa]bhananti oṉṟum

⟨215⟩ pāṭakattu kuṇataraṉum [a]kaḻimaṅkalattuttiruppi[ṭavū]rccā[mi]yumāka oṉṟum peṟṟār [|||—*]

Plate XIVb.

⟨216⟩ aruvānāṭṭu aruvākūr ṛi[ṣi]vaikhānasaṉ caṅkaranārāyaṇabhaṭṭaṉ paṅkoṉṟum || [vai]-

⟨217⟩ dyappaṅkiraṉṭum 7 īykkāṭṭukkoyilāṉ parameśvaraṉ peṟṟāṉ [||] aruvānāṭṭut tāma-

⟨218⟩ nallūr ṛiṣivaikhānasan nārāyaṇabhaṭṭan paṅkoṉṟum |||— sāva[r*]ṇṇi gottra- ttu ciṟupaḻuvūrttuveti kāṭa-

⟨219⟩ mpālaiy[ku]pperumakkaḷ paṇittukkuṭutta paṅkoṉṟum ||| vatsagotrattu prāvacaṉa- sūtrattu ku-

⟨220⟩ kkaṉūr [vi]ṭṭaśarmmakramavittan paṅkoṉṟum ||—vāyttalaikkumuvaṉṟikkumāka paṅku mūṉṟum |||—

⟨221⟩ āttiraya gottra[t*]tu agniveśyacūttirattupputtūrc comācikāri paṅkiraṇṭum

⟨222⟩ ikkottiratticcū[ttira*]ttu ivvūr comāci[ta*]ttaṉ paṅkiraṇṭum |||—

TRANSLATION.

(Verse 1.) (Once) again, for the good of the world was born Hiraṇyavarman of stirring prowess who made (his) enemies settle in forests and was the asylum of those who eagerly desired protection.

(V. 2.) From him was born the wise (and) prosperous king called Nandivarman who was the home of prowess (and) conqueror of the hoards of (his) enemies, whose victorious ⟨Page 529⟩ elephants reached almost the shores of the four oceans, whose fame extended to the (four) quarters and who was praised in battle for (his knowledge in) the use of all weapons.

(V. 3.) The only (one) of name rāja that did not bow to him was the dead-rayed (moon) and the (only) country in this world, that did not pay him tribute was (that) where no men exist (i.e. the heaven where the undying gods live). And while this (king), comparable to Indra was ruling the earth, there was (nothing) unapproachable by the people (except, perhaps,) the way leading to hell. 1

(V. 4.) 2He is the lord of the circle of good people as Hari (is the possessor of the powerful weapon chakra); him the wise cling to as (gods) to Śakra (i.e. Indra); by him the earth 3 has become coupled with a husband; to whom faultless good deeds are most welcome; at whom the sole hero on the battle-field 4 the enemy-kings take fright; of whom the fame fills the ten quarters; and in whom Śrī (i.e. Lakshmī) dwells permanently abandoning (her) vice of fickleness.

(V. 5.) While this (king) was ruling the earth, anxiety (or great rush) (was seen) only in the wind; tendency towards inconstancy (or existence of the creeper chapalā), in the forest; decay of the learned (or the waning of the moon), in the dark-fortnight; increase of serpents (or abundance of clouds) at the end of summer; merciless attack (or the grasping of swords), in soldiers; dishonourable living (or the riding on aerial cars), in the pictures of gods; and the enemies of good Brāhmaṇas (or able snake-charmers), in dissolute persons (or serpents). 5

(V. 6.) He wore on (his) breast, as (if it were) the lord of serpents, the bed of Achyuta (dwelling) near his heart, a necklace which he had snatched away from the Gaṅga (king and in which was) the gem called Ugrōdaya (like the) Kaustubha.

(V. 7.) To his lot (also) fell an excellent elephant named Paṭṭavardhana which (in appearance) was like the (manifest) arrogance of its master, like victory in body, like a high mountain moving about, (and) from whose temples the ornament (of red paint) was wiped away by the excess of flowing rut sipped by the swarm of bees whirling about restlessly. 6

(V. 8.) Wise men (and gods) praise him as Hari (himself); because indeed he offers protection to (all) living beings (as Hari preserves within his own self the rudiments of life); ⟨Page 530⟩ loves truth (as Hari loves his consort Satyā); is victorious (Jishṇu); firm (Achyuta); glorious (as Hari is united with Śrī i.e. Lakshmī) and is, among men (possessed) of a lovely body (as Hari is an embodiment of Death to the demon Naraka).

(V. 9.) The pious man whose name was Dayāmukha having informed this (king) according to rule, got that village which received the surname Dayāmukhamaṅgala, granted to three hundred and eight learned Brāhmaṇas who had studied the three Vēdas and the Smṛitis.

(V. 10.) That same respectable wise man named Kumāra who (has stood) the test of honesty (upadhā) who is pure in (enjoying) religious merit (dharma), wealth (artha) and desires (kāma), who is the receptacle of upright conduct, prideless and devoted solely to the service of (his) master, whose wealth is shared by (all) good men, who seeks refuge in virtue, is free to (all his) relations and is clever in discharging the duties of a treasurer, was the ājñapti 1 of this (grant).

(V. 11.) He that grants land even though it be (in extent) as big as the hoof of a cow and he that robs (it) without caring for the disastrous end, shall both of them dwell, indeed, till the moon and the stars last, (the first, however,) in the home of the gods and (the second) in dreadful hell.

(V. 12.) The king says—I have sought shelter in religious merit. (Every) head-jewel among kings who has taken the vow to maintain sovereignty on the surface of the earth, shall protect this deed (of mine) without distrubing (its) scheme. May his pair of feet dwell on this (my) head, which never knew of bowing down to others excepting to the pair of the worshipful feet of Mukunda (Vishṇu).

(V. 13.) May the sacred cows whose every limb is purifying (and) whose purity is indeed demonstrated (materially), as it were, in the form of the (white) milk which they yield, grant your desires ! And may the revered gods on earth (viz., Brāhmaṇas), whose weapons are (their) words 2 and who by the offerings (which they make) during sacrifices please even the nectar-fed (gods) who dwell in heaven, protect you !

(V. 14.) This eulogy (praśasti) was drawn up by Paramēśvara surnamed Uttarakāraṇika son of Param-Ōttarakāraṇika, the self-chosen lord of Poetry.

(Ll. 26 to 38) In the fifty-eighth year (of the reign) of king Vijaya-Nandivikramavarman:—The inhabitants of Teṉkarai Naṟaiyūr-nāḍu in Śōṛa-nāḍu witnessing,— the forest and (other) waste lands lying to the west of Taṇḍattōṭṭam situated in their district, • • • • • None shall be permitted to make • • • or cut channels (kuraṅgu). A head of water (uvaṉṟi) shall be constructed above the main sluice (kūṟṟaṉvāy) only, and water taken (from it) for irrigation. No (tax) of any kind such as (duty on) oil-presses and looms, ulaviyakkūli 3, the fee (in money) on marriages, ūreṭṭu, fee on potters, taṭṭukkāyam 4, duty 5 on toddy-drawers and shepherds, (fee on) ⟨Page 531⟩ stalls, 1 brokerage-fee, tirumugakkāṇam 2, uppukkōchcheygai 3, good cow, good bull, vaṭṭināṛi (fee on baskets of grain brought to the market), areca-nuts (exposed for sale) in shops, pudānāṛi 4 and others which the king could take and enjoy, shall be paid (to the king). The Brāhmaṇa donees of this village alone shall enjoy (the income specified above). Damanagam may be planted; mansions and large edifices may be built of burnt bricks; reservoirs and wells may be sunk; cocoanut trees may be planted in groves; (and) large oil-presses may be used. The cocoanut and palmyra trees (grown) within the boundaries of this village shall not be climbed by the toddy-drawers (īṛavar). (The names of) the good Brāhmaṇas of Nalgūr that received the brahmadēya with all immunities including the above (were):—

LIST OF DONEES. [C1]Number. [C2]Gōtra. [C3]Sūtra. [C4]Residence or house-name. [C5]Name of donee. [C6]Number of shares. [C1]1 [C2]Kāśyapa [C3]Āpastamba [C4]Karañjai [C5]Vattavaṉ Kumārakōva-Chaturvēdi-Sōmayājin. [C6]1 [C1]2 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Vattavaṉ Nārāyaṇa-Rudra-Chaturvēdi-Sōmayājin. [C6]1 [C1]3 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Vattavaṉ Vishṇudāsa-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]4 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kuṇḍūr [C5]Chaṉṉaya-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]5 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Ākkochcha-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]6 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Nārāyaṇa-Vasantayājin [C6]1 [C1]7 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Kumāraḍi-Shaḍaṅgavid [C6]1 [C1]8 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Veṇṇaya-Shaḍaṅgavid [C6]1 [C1]9 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Tattakuṭṭi-Shaḍaṅgavid [C6]1 [C1]10 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Tattakuṭṭi-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]11 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. 5 [C5]Uṛuttirakanda (Rudraskanda)-Chatur-vēdin. [C6]1 [C1]12 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Aṭṭambaṟu [C5]Dāmaṇa-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]13 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Karippaṟu [C5]Nārāyaṇa-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]14 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Vaṅgippaṟu [C5]Dōṇama-Trivēdin [C6]1 [C1]15 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Uviyūr [C5]Viñjakumāra-Shaḍaṅgavid [C6]1 [C1]16 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Amuttaṉūr [C5]Kōvaḍi-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]17 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Uṟuppiṭṭūr [C5]Koṇḍama-Kramavid [C6]1 [C1]18 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kārambich-chēḍu. [C5]Kumāraḍi-Trivēdin [C6]1 [C1]19 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Cheruppaḷḷi [C5]Nārāyaṇa-Shaḍaṅgavid [C6]1 [C1]20 [C2]Do. [C3]Āśvalāyana [C4]Paṟiyalūr [C5]Sūryadatta-Bhaṭṭa [C6]2 [C1]21 [C2]Do. [C3]Chhandōga [C4]Pāḍagam [C5]Mātirupūdi (Mātṛibhūti)-Shaḍaṅgavit-Sōmayājin. [C6]1 [C1]22 [C2]Do. [C3]Vāsēṇi [C4]Nuguñjūḍu [C5]Kuṇḍaśarman [C6]4 [C1]23 [C2]Do. [C3]Paviṛiya [C4]Nimbey [C5]Vaḍugaśarma-Trivēdin [C6]1 [C1]24 [C2]Do. [C3]Chhandōga [C4]Korañji [C5]Kandakumāra (Skandakumāra)-Chaturvēdin. [C6]1 [C1]25 [C2]Gautama [C3]Hiraṇyakēśi [C4]Pāṟkuḷam [C5]Nāgakumāra-Chaturvēdi-Bhaṭṭa-Sōma-yājin. [C6]2 [C1]26 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kāynīrkuḷam [C5]Kumārakaṇṇa (Kumārakṛishṇa)-Chaturvēdin. [C6]1 [C1]27 [C2]Do. [C3]Prāvachana [C4]Kuṟukoṭṭi [C5]Kandakumāra-Kramavid [C6]1 [C1]28 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Uṛuttira-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]29 [C2]Do. [C3]Āpastamba [C4]Nellūr [C5]Chaṉṉaya-Trivēdi-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]30 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Paṟāndūr [C5]Achchuvaṉa-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 ⟨Page 532⟩ [C1]31 [C2]Gautama [C3]Āpastamba [C4]Aṅgārai [C5]Kumārakūḷa-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]32 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Kaṇṇakumāra-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]33 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kārambichchēḍu. [C5]Kaṇadāya-Shaḍaṅgavid [C6]1 [C1]34 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Irāyūr [C5]Attuvachcha-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]35 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Vaṅgippaṟu [C5]Dāmōdara-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]36 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Ākki [C5]Tattaśarma-Shaḍaṅgavid [C6]1 [C1]37 [C2]Ātrēya [C3]Do. [C4]Vaṅgippaṟu [C5]Tukkaśarma-Trivēdin [C6]1 [C1]38 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Harisvāmi-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]39 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Dvēdaikōmapuṟam. [C5]Maṇikkuṭṭa-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]40 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Nārāyaṇa-Uṛuda (Rudra)-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]41 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Muḍipaṟu [C5]Dāmōdara-Chaturvēdi-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]42 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Paṟāndūr [C5]Kumāraśēṭṭa (Kumārajyēshṭha)- Chaturvēdin. [C6]1 [C1]43 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Vaṅgippaṟu [C5]Kandama-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]44 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Muḍapaṟu [C5]Nārāyaṇa-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]45 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Karañjai [C5]Dēvaśarma-Shaḍaṅgavid [C6]1 [C1]46 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Uhali [C5]Viṇṇaya-Chaturvēdi-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]47 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Vaṅgippaṟu [C5]Dāmōdara-Trivēdin [C6]1 [C1]48 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Uhali [C5]Nārāyaṇa-Chaturvēdi-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]49 [C2]? [C3]? [C4]? [C5][Bha*]vaskanda-Shaḍaṅgavid [C6]1 [C1]50 [C2]Ātrēya [C3]Āpastamba [C4]Uhali [C5]Svāmiśarma-Shaḍaṅgavid [C6]1 [C1]51 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Vishṇudatta-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]52 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Pāḍagam [C5]Svāmidēva-Shaḍaṅgavid [C6]1 [C1]53 [C2]Do. [C3]Hiraṇyakēśi [C4]Kaḷattūr [C5]Sukumāra-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]54 [C2]Do. [C3]Āpastamba [C4]Kākkaimirā [C5]Bhavadāsa-Daśapurīya [C6]1 [C1]55 [C2]Āgnivēśya [C3]Do. [C4]Virippaṟu [C5]Viñjakumāra-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]56 [C2]Do. [C3]Prāvachana [C4]Irāyūr [C5]Kuṇḍiśāmi-Trivēdin [C6]1 [C1]57 [C2]Bhāradvāja [C3]Chhandōga [C4]Veṇṇainallūr [C5]Agnikoṇḍa-Shaḍaṅgavid [C6]1 [C1]58 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Pattaṅgi [C5]Kūḷamaṇḍai-Shaḍaṅgavid [C6]1 [C1]59 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Attāṛi-Shaḍaṅgavid [C6]1 [C1]60 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Pāḍagam [C5]Rudranandi-Bhaṭṭa-Sōmayājin [C6]2 [C1]61 [C2]Do. [C3]Āpastamba [C4]Poppaṟu [C5]Vishṇu-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]62 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kuṇḍūr [C5]Kandakumāra-Chaturvēdi-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]63 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kārambichchēḍu. [C5]Akkoṟṟa-Chaturvēdi-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]64 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Uviyūr [C5]Nārāyaṇa-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]65 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Karañjai [C5]Bhavaskanda-Shaḍaṅgavid [C6]1 [C1]66 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Paṟāndūr [C5]Yajñamādhava-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]67 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Uviyūr [C5]Uṛudakumāra-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]68 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Chāndūr [C5]Aṇṇamañji-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]69 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Piṇukkippaṟu [C5]Vishṇudāsa-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]70 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kuravaśiri [C5]Bhavamādhava-Chaturvēdi-Sōmayājin [C6]1 [C1]71 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kumiṛūr [C5]Tēvaḍi-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]72 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Taṇukkil [C5]Akkūḷa-Chaturvēdi-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]73 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Poppaṟu [C5]Maṇḍaya-Chaturvēdi-Sōmayājin [C6]1 [C1]74 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kāṭṭukkuṟi [C5]Kūḷaśarma-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]75 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Uviyūr [C5]Vishṇukumāra-Chaturvēdi-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]76 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Taṇukkil [C5]Vishṇukumāra-Trivēdin [C6]1 [C1]77 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kāṭṭukkuṟi [C5]Brahmadatta-Trivēdin [C6]1 [C1]78 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Poṉṉambaṟu [C5]Nārāyaṇa-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]79 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Dōṇaya-Trivēdin [C6]1 [C1]80 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kārambichchēḍu. [C5]Uṛudakumāra-Trivēdin [C6]1 [C1]81 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Magaśirai [C5]Tōṇamaṇḍai-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]82 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Karañjai [C5]Vṛiddhama-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]83 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kuravaśiri [C5]Viṇṇakanda (Vishṇuskanda)-Chaturvēdin. [C6]1 [C1]84 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Vaṅgippaṟu [C5]Kandakumāra-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]85 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kārachchiṟai [C5]Chaṉṉaya-Trivēdi-Sōmayājin [C6]1 [C1]86 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kurōvi [C5]Veṇṇaya-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]87 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kumiṛūr [C5]Kāmaya-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]88 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Uṭṭukkūr [C5]Nāgavishṇu-Kramavid [C6]1 [C1]89 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Magaśirai [C5]Nārāyaṇa-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]90 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kārambichchēḍu [C5] • • • -Chaturvēdin [C6]1 ⟨Page 533⟩ [C1]91 [C2]Bhāradvāja [C3]Prāvachana [C4]Maṇaṟkāl [C5]Sarvakratuyāji-Tattaṅkumaraṉ [C6]3 [C1]92 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Tattañjāttaṉ [C6]2 [C1]93 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kārambichchēḍu. [C5]Appūdi-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]94 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Irāyūr [C5]Nārāyaṇa-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]95 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Śoṭṭai-Mādhava-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]96 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Śēṭṭalūr [C5]Attāṛi-Trivēdin [C6]1 [C1]97 [C2]Do. [C3]Paviṛiya [C4]Aṇuppūr [C5]Bhavarudra-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]98 [C2]Do. [C3]Bhāradvāja [C4]Mirāṅgaḷūr [C5]Nārāyaṇa-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]99 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kāñjikkuṟi [C5]Irāttamā-Trivēdin [C6]1 [C1]100 [C2]Do. [C3]Kāḷarachcha (or Kāḷarcha) [C4]Mandiram [C5]Bhavadāya-Trivēdin [C6]1 [C1]101 [C2]Vatsa [C3]Āpastamba [C4]Nambūr [C5]Veṇṇaśarma-Chaturvēdi-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]102 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kulaputti [C5]Veṇṇaya-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]103 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Nambūr [C5]Bhavasvāmi-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]104 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kulaputti [C5]Attāya-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]105 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Nambūr [C5]Yajña-Mādha[va]-Chaturvēdi-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]106 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]? [C5]? [C6]? [C1]107 [C2]? [C3]? [C4]Cheruppaḷḷi [C5]Dōṇama-Kramavid and his son Kumāraḍi-Kramavid. [C6]1 [C1]108 [C2]Vatsa [C3]Āpastamba [C4]Kārambichchēḍu. [C5]Dēvabhūti-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]109 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Ayiyakki [C5]Attōṇa-Shaḍaṅgavit-Sōmayājin [C6]12 [C1]110 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Muḍumbe [C5]Chaṉṉakumāra-Chaturvēdi-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]111 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Karañjai [C5]Veṇṇaya-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]112 [C2]Do. [C3]Chhandōga [C4]Muḍumbe [C5]Akkanda-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]113 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Pipparai [C5]Do. [C6]1 [C1]114 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Muḍumbe [C5]Kūḷaśarma-Kramavid [C6]1 [C1]115 [C2]Do. [C3]Prāvachana [C4]Kuṇḍūr [C5]Dāmōdara-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]116 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Veḷḷaiyūr [C5]Vishṇubhūti-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]117 [C2]Mudgala [C3]Āpastamba [C4]Iṛakkandoṟu [C5]Kaḍamba-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]118 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Uṟuppiṭṭūr [C5]Bhavaskanda-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]119 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Iṛakkandoṟu [C5]Yajñaya-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]120 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Kāḷaśarma-Trivēdin [C6]1 [C1]121 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Bhavasvāmi-Trivēdin [C6]1 [C1]122 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Paṟāndūr [C5]Eṟama-Trivēdin [C6]1 [C1]123 [C2]Do. [C3]Prāvachana [C4]Ayyakki [C5]Śēṭṭaya-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]124 [C2]Śunaka [C3]Āpastamba [C4]Maṇiyūr [C5]Pōśaṉ-Pavvi-Kramavid [C6]1 [C1]125 [C2]Rathītara [C3]Do. [C4]Ōrikoṉṟai [C5]Kumārapūdi (Kumārabhūti)-Chaturvēdin. [C6]1 [C1]126 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kuravaśiri [C5]Chaṉṉakumāra-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]127 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Attikuṭṭi-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]128 [C2]Do. [C3]Paviṛiya [C4]Mēṟṟāmaṇamaṅgalam. [C5]Uttarakāraṇika alias Ayyaṉ Paramēśvara. [C6]2 [C1]129 [C2]Garga [C3]Āpastamba [C4]Kārambichchēḍu. [C5]Mādhava-Trivēdin [C6]1 [C1]130 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kuñjappayal [C5]Harisvāmi-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]131 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Kandaṇa-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]132 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Maṟṟalūr [C5]Chaṉṉaya-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]133 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kuñjappevil [C5]Bhavaśarma-Chaturvēdi-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]134 [C2]Do. [C3]Paviṛiya [C4]Vaṅgippaṟu [C5]Dāmōdara-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]135 [C2]Vādhūla [C3]Āpastamba [C4]Kārambichchēḍu. [C5]Kandāḍai Vāsudēva-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]136 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Karañjai [C5]Maṇḍaiya-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]137 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kārambichchēḍu. [C5]Kandāḍai Vāsudēva-Chaturvēdi- Bhaṭṭa-Agnichitta-Sarvakratuyājin [C6]3 [C1]138 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Suyajña-Kēśava-Chaturvēdi-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]139 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Nārāyaṇa-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]140 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kuṇḍūr [C5]Chaṉṉaya-Trivēdin [C6]1 [C1]141 [C2]Lōhita [C3]Prāvachana [C4]Kārambichchēḍu. [C5]Agniśarma-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]142 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Tiṇḍakumāra-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]143 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Dāmōdara-[Chaturvēdin] [C6]? [C1]144 [C2]? [C3]? [C4]Śrīmalai [C5]Agnirudra-Chaturvēdi-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]145 [C2]Lōhita [C3]Prāvachana [C4]Vaṅgippaṟu [C5]Śēndakumāra-Shaḍaṅgavid [C6]1 [C1]146 [C2]Bhārgava [C3]Do. [C4]Maṇaṟkāl [C5]Āytāṅgi Śaṅkaraṉ Śēndaṉ [C6]1 [C1]147 [C2]Kauśika [C3]Āpastamba [C4]Irāttakkuṟi [C5]Kēśava-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 ⟨Page 534⟩ [C1]148 [C2]Kauśika [C3]Āpastamba [C4]Vēlvaṭṭi [C5]Nākoṇḍa-Chaturvēdi-Sōmayājin [C6]1 [C1]149 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Karañjai [C5]Jayantarudra-Chatuvēdin [C6]1 [C1]150 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Paṟāndūr [C5]Rudraśarma-Daśapurīya [C6]1 [C1]151 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Śēṭṭalūr [C5]Suyajña-Bhavasēna-Trivēdi-Bhaṭṭa- Sōmayājin. [C6]1 [C1]152 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Koṭṭuṅgōmbuṟa [C5]Uṛudakuṭṭi-Daśapurīya [C6]1 [C1]153 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kuravaśiri [C5]Vishṇukumāra-Bhaṭṭa-Sōmayājin [C6]1 [C1]154 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Karañjai [C5]Koraḍi-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]155 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Kumāṇḍūr [C5]Tryambaka-Shaḍaṅgavid [C6]1 [C1]156 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Vēlvaṭṭi [C5]Agnichitta-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]157 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Kumāramaṇḍai-Trivēdin [C6]1 [C1]158 [C2]Do. [C3]Chhandōga [C4]Ēkambūr [C5]Nārāyaṇa-Shaḍaṅgavid [C6]1 [C1]159 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Arasappaṟu [C5]Dōṇama-Shaḍaṅgavid [C6]1 [C1]160 [C2]Do. [C3]Bhāradvāja [C4]Paṟāndūr [C5]Dēvakumāra-Kramavid [C6]1 [C1]161 [C2]Do. [C3]Kāḷarachcha (or Kāḷarcha). [C4]Peruvali [C5]Kōvaḍi-Chaturvēdi-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]162 [C2]Do. [C3]Prāvachana [C4]Pavakkuṟi [C5]Tiṇḍamāda-Chaturvēdi-Sōmayājin [C6]1 [C1]163 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Śāmikuṭṭi-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]164 [C2]Do. [C3]Hiraṇyakēśi [C4]Perumbāṇḍūr [C5]Nārāyaṇa-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]165 [C2]Śālāvata [C3]Āpastamba [C4]Vēlpaṟu [C5]Tūrkkama-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]166 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Kandakumāra-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]167 [C2]Kutsa [C3]Do. [C4]Ōdimūkkil [C5]Mādhava-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]168 [C2]Vasishṭha [C3]Do. [C4]Kuravaśiri [C5]Attikumāra-Chaturvēdi-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]169 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Vīravaḷḷi [C5]Achchaṭṭi-Trivēdin [C6]1 [C1]170 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Vaṅgippaṟu [C5]Divākara-Kramavid [C6]1 [C1]171 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Eṭṭukkūr [C5]Kaṇavuṛutta (Gaṇarudra)-Trivēdin [C6]1 [C1]172 [C2]Sāvarṇi [C3]Chhandōga [C4]Pāḍagam [C5]Nārāyaṇa-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]173 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Śōnikuṭṭi-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]174 [C2]Parāśara [C3]Āpastamba [C4]Kallakkūr [C5]Pāppaḍi-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]175 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Oṅgaḷūr [C5]Akkumāra-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]176 [C2]Do. [C3]Prāvachana [C4]Vaṅgippaṟu [C5]Achchenda-Trivēdin [C6]1 [C1]177 [C2]Vārakhya [C3]Āpastamba [C4]Pūṉiyam [C5]Śēṭṭaśarman [C6]1 [C1]178 [C2]Kapi [C3]Do. [C4]Paṟāndūr [C5]Mahēśvara-Chaturvēdi-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]179 [C2]Do. [C3]Prāvachana [C4]Perumbūdūr [C5]Kumāradatta-Trivēdin [C6]1 [C1]180 [C2]Dhūmrāyaṇa [C3]Āpastamba [C4]Uṟuppiṭṭūr [C5]Chaṉṉaya-Trivēdin [C6]1 [C1]181 [C2]Paurukutsa [C3]Prāvachana [C4]Koṭṭi [C5]Agniśarma-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]182 [C2]Gautama [C3]Āpastamba [C4]Kārambichchēḍu. [C5]Nandikuṭṭi-Trivēdin [C6]1 [C1]183 [C2]Kāśyapa [C3]Do. [C4]Karañjai [C5]Kandapūdi (Skandabhūti)-Daśapurīya [C6]1 [C1]184 [C2]Sāṁkṛiti [C3]Prāvachana [C4]Iruṅgaṇḍi [C5]Kumāraśarma-Shaḍaṅgavid [C6]1 [C1]185 [C2]Hārīta [C3]Āpastamba [C4]Kākkaimirā [C5]Yajñaśarma-Chaturvēdi-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]186 [C2]... [C3]... [C4]... [C5]Tiruvaḍigaḷ (i.e. Vishṇu) [C6]5 [C1]187 [C2]... [C3]... [C4]... [C5]Mahādēva (i.e. Śiva) [C6]2 [C1]188 [C2]... [C3]... [C4]... [C5]Reader of the [Mahā]bhārata [C6]1 [C1]189 [C2]... [C3]... [C4]... [C5]Drummers (taṭṭaṛikoṭṭi) [C6]1 [C1].. [C2]... [C3]... [C4]... [C5]The three arbitrators together (received) three shares. [C6]See below Nos. 202 to 204. [C1]190 [C2]... [C3]... [C4]... [C5]Those who supply water for the hall (ambalam) and kindle fire (in it). [C6]1 [C1]191 [C2]... [C3]... [C4]Puliyūr in Miṛalai-nāḍu. [C5]Ṛishi-Vaikhānasa-Satyagarbha- Bhaṭṭa. [C6]1 [C1] [C2]... [C3]... [C4]... [C5]The doctor received two shares [C6]See below No. 207. [C1]192 [C2]Vādhūla [C3]Āpastamba [C4]Kārambichchēḍu. [C5]Kandāḍai-Vāsudēva-Chaturvēdi- Bhaṭṭa-Agnichitta-Sarvakratu-Vājapēyin. [C6]1 [C1]193 [C2]Vatsa [C3]Āpastamba [C4]Nūttilāppaṟu [C5]Maṇḍaiya-Chaturvēdi-Sōmayājin [C6]1 [C1]194 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Vaṅgippaṟu [C5]Bhavarudra-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]195 [C2]Bhāradvāja [C3]Prāvachana [C4]Irāyūr [C5]Nārāyaṇadatta-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]196 [C2]Do. [C3]Āpastamba [C4]Kārachchiṟai [C5]Chaṉṉaya-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]197 [C2]Māṭhara [C3]Hiraṇyakēśi [C4]Kommārai [C5]Svāmidatta-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]198 [C2]Kāśyapa [C3]Chhandōga [C4]Pāḍagam [C5]Kanmāda-Shaḍaṅgavid [C6]1 [C1]199 [C2]Garga [C3]Āpastamba [C4]Kuñjappevil [C5]Nakkadōṇa-Chaturvēdin [C6]1 [C1]200 [C2]Pādaraṇi [C3]Prāvachana [C4]Talaichcheṅgāḍu. [C5]Kalaiyaṉ Śōmaṉ [C6]1 ⟨Page 535⟩ [C1]Number. [C2]Gōtra. [C3]Sūtra. [C4]Residence or housename. [C5]Name of donee. [C6]Number of shares. [C1]201 [C2]Bhāradvāja [C3]Prāvachana [C4]Payyūr [C5]Paḍuvuṛāṉ Divākaraṉ Śāmi [C6]1 [C1] [C2]... [C3]... [C4]... [C5]The three shares of the arbitrators (mentioned above) were thus distributed:— [C6]... [C1]202 [C2]... [C3]... [C4]Perumbuḷḷe [C5]Vīrakandaṉ [C6]1 [C1]203 [C2]... [C3]... [C4]Do. [C5]Ṛishabhanandi [C6]1 [C1]204 [C2]... [C3]... [C4]Pāḍagam [C5]Guṇadaraṉ and [C6]1 [C1]205 [C2]... [C3]... [C4]Agaṛimaṅgalam [C5]Tirup[piḍa]vūr Śā[mi]. [C6]1 [C1]206 [C2]... [C3]... [C4]Aruvāgūr in Aruvā-nāḍu. [C5]Ṛishi-Vaikhānasa-Śaṅkaranārāyaṇa- Bhaṭṭa. [C6]1 [C1]207 [C2]... [C3]... [C4]Īykkāṭṭukkōyil [C5]Paramēśvaraṉ received the two shares set apart for the doctors (mentioned above). [C6]2 [C1]208 [C2]... [C3]... [C4]Dāmanallūr in Aruvā-nāḍu. [C5]Ṛishi-Vaikhānasa-Nārāyaṇa-Bhaṭṭa [C6]1 [C1]209 [C2]Sāvarṇi [C3]... [C4]Śiṟupaṛuvūr [C5]Tuvēdi (Dvivēdi)-Kāḍampālai; under the orders of the assembly (perumakkaḷ). [C6]1 [C1]210 [C2]Vatsa [C3]Prāvachana [C4]Kukkaṉūr [C5]Viṭṭaśarma-Kramavid [C6]1 [C1]211 [C2]... [C3]... [C4]... [C5]For (the maintenance of) the (head) sluice and the reservoir. [C6]3 [C1]212 [C2]Ātrēya [C3]Āgnivēśya 1 [C4]Puttūr [C5]Śōmāśi-Kāri [C6]2 [C1]213 [C2]Do. [C3]Do. [C4]Do. [C5]Śōmāśi-[Ta*]ttaṉ [C6]2 [C1]Total [C2]244