SOUTH-INDIAN INSCRIPTIONS [1]

⟨SIIv01p0i0001⟩ No. 1.

⟨0⟩ śrīnarasiṁhaḥ

The illustrious Narasiṁha.

b. East.

⟨SIIv01p0i0002⟩ No. 2.

⟨0⟩ pridhivi5sāṁraḥ śrībharaḥ

Pṛithivīsāra (the best on earth). Śrībhara (the bearer of prosperity).

⟨SIIv01p0i0003⟩ No. 3.

⟨0⟩ bhuvanabhājanaḥ

Bhuvanabhājana (the possessor of the world).

c. South.

⟨SIIv01p0i0004⟩ No. 4.

⟨0⟩ [śr]īmeghaḥ trailokyavarddhanaḥ vidhiḥ

Śrīmegha (the cloud (which showers) wealth). Trailokyavardhana (the bestower of prosperity on the three worlds). Vidhi. ⟨Page 3⟩

⟨SIIv01p0i0005⟩ No. 5.

⟨0⟩ atyantakāmaḥ anekobhāyaḥ1

Atyantakāma (he whose desires are boundless). Anekopāya (he (who knows) many expedients).

B. Second storey:—a. North.

⟨SIIv01p0i0006⟩ No. 6.

⟨1⟩ sthirabhaktiḥ madanābhirāmaḥ [2] vidhi[ḥ*]

Sthirabhakti (the firmly devoted). Madanābhirāma (he who is lovely like Cupid). Vidhi.

⟨SIIv01p0i0007⟩ No. 7.

⟨1⟩ śrīnarasiṁhaḥ bhuvanabhājanaḥ śrīmeghaḥ [2] apratihataśāsana[ḥ*]

The illustrious Narasiṁha. Bhuvanabhājana (the possessor of the world). Śrīmegha (the cloud (which showers) wealth). Apratihataśāsana (he whose commands are unopposed).

⟨SIIv01p0i0008⟩ No. 8.

⟨1⟩ kāmalaḷitaḥ ameyamāyaḥ [2] sakalakalyāṇaḥ

Kāmalalita (he who is pleasant like Cupid). Ameyamāya (he whose diplomacy is immeasurable). Sakalakalyāṇa (the altogether prosperous).

⟨SIIv01p0i0009⟩ No. 9.

⟨1⟩ nayanamanoharaḥ vāmaḥ [2] atimānaḥ

Nayanamanohara (he who is pleasing to the eyes). Vāma (the handsome). Atimāna (the extremely proud).

b. East.

⟨SIIv01p0i0010⟩ No. 10.

⟨1⟩ vāmaḥ [2] parābharaḥ2

Vāma (the handsome). Parāpara (the omnipotent).

⟨SIIv01p0i0011⟩ No. 11.

⟨1⟩ anupamaḥ [2] nayā[ṅku]ra[ḥ*]

Anupama (the matchless). Nayāṅkura (the sprout of polity). 3

c. South.

⟨SIIv01p0i0012⟩ No. 12.

⟨1⟩ laḷitaḥ

Lalita (the pleasant).

⟨SIIv01p0i0013⟩ No. 13.

⟨1⟩ nayanamanoharaḥ [2] sarvvatobhadraḥ

Nayanamanohara (he who is pleasing to the eyes). Sarvatobhadra (the altogether auspicious.).

⟨SIIv01p0i0014⟩ No. 14.

⟨1⟩ śrīnidhiḥ [2] niruttaraḥ

Śrīnidhi (the receptacle of wealth). Niruttara (the unsurpassed).

⟨SIIv01p0i0015⟩ No. 15.

⟨1⟩ vidhiḥ [2] vibhrāntaḥ

Vidhi. Vibhrānta (the passionate). 4 ⟨Page 4⟩

d. West.

⟨SIIv01p0i0016⟩ No. 16.

⟨1⟩ satyaparākramaḥ [2] parāvaraḥ

Satyaparākrama (the truly heroic). Parāvara (the omnipotent).

C. Third storey. East.

⟨SIIv01p0i0017⟩ No. 17.

⟨1⟩ śrīatyantakāmapallaveśvaragṛiha[m*] || [2] raṇajayaḥ

The temple of the holy Atyantakāma-Pallaveśvara. Raṇajaya (the conqueror in battle).

⟨SIIv01p0i0018⟩ No. 18. INSCRIPTION AT THE GAṆEŚA TEMPLE, MĀMALLAPURAM. 1

TEXT.

⟨1⟩ sambhavasthitisaṁhārakāraṇaṁ vītakāraṇaḥ [|*] bhūyādatyantakāmāya jagatāṁ kāmamarddanaḥ || [1*]

⟨2⟩ amāyaścitramāyosāvaguṇo guṇabhājanaḥ [|*] svasyo niruttaro jīyādanīśaḥ parameśvaraḥ [|| 2*]

⟨3⟩ yasyāṅguṣṭhabharākrāntaḥ kailāsaḥ sadaśānanaḥ [|*] pātālamagamanmūrddhnā śrīnidhistambibhartyajam || [3*]

⟨4⟩ bhaktiprahveṇa manasā bhavambhūṣaṇalīlayā [|*] doṣṇā ca yo bhuvo bhārañjīyātsa śrībharaściram [|| 4*]

⟨5⟩ atyantakāmo nṛipatirnnirjjitārātimaṇḍalaḥ [|*] khyāto raṇajayaḥ śambhostenedaṁ veśma kāritam [|| 5*]

⟨6⟩ jñaḥ sthāṇurnniṣkalaḥ somaḥ pāvakādmā2viyadvapuḥ [|*] bhīmaḥ śivo vijayatāṁ śaṅkaraḥ kāmasūdanaḥ || [6*]

⟨7⟩ rājarājo na virasaścakrabhṛinna janārddanaḥ [|*] tārakādhipatiḥ svasyo jayatāttaruṇāṅkuraḥ || [7*]

⟨8⟩ śrīmatotyantakāmasya dviṣaddarppāpahāriṇaḥ [|*] śrīnidheḥ kāmarāgasya harārādhanasaṅginaḥ [|| 8*]

⟨9⟩ abhiṣekajalāpūrṇṇe citraratnāmbujākare [|*] āste viśāle sumukhaḥ śirassarasi śaṅkaraḥ || [9*]

⟨10⟩ tenedaṅkāritantuṅgandhūrjjaṭermmandiragṛiham [|*] prajānāmiṣṭasiddhyartthaṁ śāṅkarīmbhūtimicchatā || [10*]

⟨11⟩ dhikteṣāndhikteṣāmpunarapi dhigdhigdhigastu dhikteṣām [|*] yeṣānna vasati hṛidaye kupathagativimo-

⟨12⟩ kṣako rudraḥ || [11*] atyantakāmapallaveśvaragṛiha[m ||*] ⟨Page 5⟩

TRANSLATION.

(Verse 1.) May (Śiva) the destroyer of Love, who is the cause of production, existence and destruction, (but is himself) without cause, fulfil the boundless desires 1 of men!

(2.) May he (Śiva) be victorious, who is without illusion and possessed of manifold illusion, who is without qualities and endowed with qualities, who is existing by himself and is without superior, who is without lord and the highest lord!

(3.) Śrīnidhi 2 bears on his head the unborn (Śiva), 3 by the weight of whose great toe Kailāsa together with the ten-faced (Rāvaṇa) sank down into Pātāla.

(4.) May Śrībhara 4 be victorious for a long time, who bears Bhava (Śiva) in his mind which is filled with devotion, and bears the earth on his arm 5 like a coquettish embellishment!

(5.) King Atyantakāma, who has subdued the territories of his foes, is famed (by the name of) Raṇajaya; 6—he caused to be made this house of Śaṁbhu (Śiva).

(6.) May he be victorious, who is both sentient and motionless (Sthāṇu), 7 who is both undivided and the moon, 8 who is both fire and air, who is both terrible (Bhīma) and kind (Śiva), who is both the cause of prosperity (Śaṁkara) and the destroyer of Love!

(7.) May Taruṇāṅkura 9 be victorious, who is a king of kings, but is not ugly (like Kuvera), who is an emperor, but does not distress people (while Vishṇu is both Chakrabhṛit and Janārdana), who is the lord of protectors, but healthy (while the moon is the lord of stars, but is subject to eclipses)!

(8 and 9.) Just as in a large lake filled with water which is fit for bathing, and covered with various lotus-flowers, handsome Śaṁkara (Śiva) abides on the large head—sprinkled with the water of coronation and covered with bright jewels—of the illustrious Atyantakāma, 10 who deprives his enemies of their pride, who is a receptacle of wealth, who possesses the charm of Cupid, 11 and who assiduously worships Hara (Śiva).

(10.) He, desiring to attain the glory of Śaṁkara (Śiva), caused to be made this lofty dwelling of Dhūrjaṭi (Śiva), in order to procure the fulfilment of their desires to his subjects. ⟨Page 6⟩

(11.) Six times cursed be those, in whose hearts does not dwell Rudra (Śiva), the deliverer from the walking on the evil path!

The temple of Atyantakāma-Pallaveśvara.

⟨SIIv01p0i0019⟩ No. 19. INSCRIPTION AT THE DHARMARĀJA MAṆḌAPA, MĀMALLAPURAM. 1

This inscription is a duplicate of No. 18.

⟨1⟩ [sambhavasthitisaṁhārakāraṇaṁ vītakāraṇaḥ |] bhūyādatyantakāmāya jagatāṁ

⟨2⟩ kāmamarddanaḥ || [1*] amāyaścitramāyosāvaguṇo guṇabhājanaḥ [|*] svastho

⟨3⟩ niruttaro jīyādanīśaḥ parameśvaraḥ || [2*] yasyāṅguṣṭhabharākrāntaḥ kailāsassada-

⟨4⟩ śānanaḥ [|*] pātālamagamanmūrddhnā śrīnidhistambibhartyajam || [3*] bhaktiprahveṇa manasā bhavaṁ bhū-

⟨5⟩ ṣaṇalīlayā [|*] doṣṇā ca yo bhuvo bhāraṁ jīyātsa śrībharaściram || [4*] atyanta-

⟨6⟩ kāmo nṛipatirnnirjjitārātimaṇḍalaḥ [|*] khyāto raṇajayaḥ śambhostenedaṁ veśma

⟨7⟩ kāritam || [5*] jñaḥ sthāṇurnniṣkalaḥ somaḥ pāvakātmā viyadvapuḥ [|*] bhīmaḥ śivo vijaya-

⟨8⟩ tāṁ śaṅkaraḥ kāmasūdanaḥ || [6*] rājarājo na virasaścakrabhṛinna janārddanaḥ [|*] tārakādhipatiḥ svastho

⟨9⟩ jayatāttaruṇāṅkuraḥ || [7*] śrīmatotyantakāmasya dvipaddarppāpahāriṇaḥ [|*] śrīnidheḥ kā-

⟨10⟩ marāgasya harārādhanasaṅginaḥ || [8*] abhiṣekajalāpūrṇṇe citraratnāmbujākare [|*] ā-

⟨11⟩ ste viśāle sumukhaḥ śirassarasi śaṅkaraḥ || [9*] tenedaṁ kāritantuṅgandhūrjjaṭermmandira-

⟨12⟩ gṛihaṁ [|*] prajānāmiṣṭasiddhyartthaṁ śāṅkarīṁ bhūtimicchatā || [10*] oṁ || atyantakāmapallaveśvaragṛiham ||

⟨13⟩ dhikteṣāndhikteṣāmpunarapi dhigdhigdhigastu dhikteṣām [|*] yeṣānna vasati

⟨14⟩ hṛidaye kupathagativimokṣako rudraḥ || [11*]

⟨SIIv01p0i0020⟩ No. 20. FRAGMENT OF AN INSCRIPTION AT THE RĀMĀNUJA MAṆḌAPA, MĀMALLAPURAM. 2

This fragment consists of the last verse of Nos. 18 and 19.

⟨1⟩ dhikteṣāṁ dhikteṣāṁ punarapi dhigdhigdhigastu dhikte-

⟨2⟩ ṣāṁ [|*] yeṣānna vasati hṛidaye kupathagati-

⟨3⟩ vimokṣako rudraḥ ||

⟨SIIv01p0i0021⟩ No. 21. On the Southern Wall.

TEXT.

⟨1⟩ śrīmatotyantakāmasya dviṣadda-

⟨2⟩ rppāpahāriṇaḥ [|*] śrīnidheḥ kāma-

⟨3⟩ rāgasya harārādhanasaṁginaḥ || [1*]

⟨4⟩ abhiṣekajalāpūrṇṇe citraratnāmbujākare [|*]

⟨5⟩ āste viśāle sumukhaḥ śirassarasi śaṁkaraḥ || [2*] ⟨Page 7⟩

⟨6⟩ tenedaṁ kāritaṁ śambhorbhavanaṁ bhūtaye bhuvaḥ [|*] kai-

⟨7⟩ lāsamandaranibhaṁ bhūbhṛitāṁ mūrdhni tiṣṭhatā || [3*] bhaktiprahe-

⟨8⟩ ṇa manasā bhavaṁ bhūṣaṇalīlayā [|*] dopṇā ca yo bhuvandhatte

⟨9⟩ jīyātma śrībharaściram || [4*] atiraṇacaṇḍaḥ patiravanibhu-

⟨10⟩ jāmatiraṇacaṇḍeśvaramidamakarot [|*] iha giritana-

⟨11⟩ yāguhagaṇasahito niyatakṛitaratirbhavatu paśupa-

⟨12⟩ tiḥ || [5*] gurvvīmīśānabhaktiṁ śriyamatiśayinīṁ durvvahaṁ bhāramurvvyā

⟨13⟩ nissāmānyañca dānaṁ samamati[ra]ṇacaṇḍākhyayā yo [vibhartti |]

⟨14⟩ sthāne nirmmāpitesminvidi[taraṇa]jayakhyātinā tena [bha]rttā bhūtānā-

⟨15⟩ maṣṭamūrttiściramatiraṇacaṇḍeśvare yātu niṣṭām [|| 6*] a[nugra]śīla[ḥ ||*]

⟨16⟩ yadi na vidhātā bharato yadi na harirnnārado na vā skandaḥ [|*] boddhuṁ ka iva

⟨17⟩ samartthassaṁgītaṁ kālakālasya || [7*] oṁ || samaradhanañjayaḥ saṁgrāmadhīraḥ || oṁ ||

TRANSLATION.

(Verses 1 and 2.) Just as in a large lake filled with water which is fit for bathing, and covered with various lotus-flowers, handsome Śaṁkara (Śiva) abides on the large head— sprinkled with the water of coronation and covered with bright jewels—of the illustrious Atyantakāma, who deprives his enemies of their pride, who is a receptacle of wealth, who possesses the charm of Cupid, and who assiduously worships Hara (Śiva). 1

(3.) For the welfare of the earth, he, who stands at the head of the lords of the earth, caused to be made this house of Śaṁbhu (Śiva), which resembles Kailāsa and Mandara.

(4.) May Śrībhara be victorious for a long time, who bears Bhava (Śiva) in his mind which is filled with devotion, and bears the earth on his arm like a coquettish embellishment! 2

(5.) Atiraṇachaṇḍa, 3 the lord of the rulers of the earth, made this (temple called) Atiraṇachaṇḍeśvara. May Paśupati (Śiva), attended by the mountain-daughter (Pārvati) and the troop of Guhas, always take delight (in residing) here !

(6.) May the eight-formed lord of beings (Śiva) for a long time take up his abode in this temple (called) Atiraṇachaṇḍeśvara, which was caused to be built by him, who, together with the name of Atiraṇachaṇḍa, bears deep devotion to Īśāna (Śiva), abundant prosperity, the heavy burden of the earth and unequalled liberality, and who is famed by the name of Raṇajaya !

Anugraśīla (the gentle-minded). 4

(7.) Who will be able to understand the music of Kālakāla, 5 if it were not Vidhātṛi (Brahman), Bharata, Hari, Nārada, or Skanda? 6 ⟨Page 8⟩

Samaradhanaṁjaya (the conqueror of wealth in battle). 1 Saṁgrāmadhīra (the firm in war). 2

⟨SIIv01p0i0022⟩ No. 22. On the Northern Wall.

This inscription consists of the first six verses of No. 21.

⟨1⟩ śrīmatotyantakāmasya

⟨2⟩ dviṣaddarppāpahāriṇaḥ [|*] śrīni-

⟨3⟩ dheḥ kāmarāgasya harārādhanasaṁgi-

⟨4⟩ naḥ || [1*] abhiṣekajalāpūrṇṇe citraratnāṁ-

⟨5⟩ bujākare [|*] āste viśāle sumukhaḥ śirassara-

⟨6⟩ si śaṁkaraḥ || [2*] tenedaṁ kāritaṁ śambhorbhava-

⟨7⟩ naṁ bhūtaye bhuvaḥ [|*] kailāsamandaranibhaṁ bhūbhṛitāṁ

⟨8⟩ mūrdhni tiṣṭhatā || [3*] bhaktiprahveṇa manasā bhava3bhūṣaṇa-

⟨9⟩ līlayā [|*] doṣṇā ca yo bhuvandhatte jīyātsa śrībharaści-

⟨10⟩ ram || [4*] atiraṇacaṇḍaḥ patiravanibhujāmatira-

⟨11⟩ ṇacaṇḍeśvaramidamakarot [|*] iha giritanayāgu-

⟨12⟩ hagaṇasahito niyatakṛitaratirbhavatu paśupatiḥ || [5*]

⟨13⟩ gurvvīmīśānabhaktiṁ śriyamatiśayinīṁ durvvahaṁ bhāramurvvyā nissā-

⟨14⟩ mānyañca dānaṁ samamatiraṇacaṇḍā[khya]yā yo [bi]bhartti [|*] sthāne

⟨15⟩ nirmmāpitesminviditaraṇajaya[khyātinā] tena bharttā bhūtānā-

⟨16⟩ maṣṭamūrttiścirama[tiraṇacaṇḍe]śvare yātu niṣṭhām || [6*] || svasti || ||

⟨SIIv01p0i0023⟩ No. 23. Over the entrance.

⟨1⟩ atiraṇacaṇḍapalla[veśvaragṛiha]4

⟨2⟩ atiraṇacaṇḍapalla[veśvaragṛiha]5

(The temple of) Atiraṇachaṇḍa-Palla[veśvara].

⟨SIIv01p0i0024⟩ No. 24. ROUND THE OUTSIDE OF THE SHRINE OF RĀJASIṀHEŚVARA.

TEXT.

⟨0⟩ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * tvañjaṭābhe-

⟨0⟩ rnnīlatvaṁ kaṇṭhadhāmrā phaṇamaṇikiraṇaiḥ śoṇimānandadhānā [/|*]

⟨0⟩ niryyāntī sthāṇuratnātribhuvana1sarasīpūraṇī vaḥ punītā-

⟨0⟩ nnānāvarṇṇārṇṇavārṇṇassamasakalaharinmaṇḍa * * * * * [|| 1*]

⟨0⟩ * * * * * * [sa]ttadanu munirasāvaṅgirāstanmanoja-

⟨0⟩ statsūnṛiśśakramantrī gururamṛitabhujāntasya śayu2stanūjaḥ [|*]

⟨0⟩ tasmādugraprabhāvāttrībhuvana3mahitāllabdhajanmā munīndraḥ

⟨0⟩ sa śrīmānpallavānāṁ kulanidhirabhavadyo bharadvājanāmā || [2*]

⟨0⟩ tasmādroṇassa4rāmādgururatimahitaḥ pāṇḍavānāṁ kurūṇā-

⟨0⟩ maśvatthāmā tatobhūtpṛithuravanibhṛitā5sthairyyamānāpahārī [|*]

⟨0⟩ tatsūnuḥ pallavākhyaḥ sakalavasumatībhogināṁ pārtthivānāṁ

⟨0⟩ śūrāṇāmādibhūto manuriva jayināmanvavāyasya karttā || [3*]

⟨0⟩ brahmaṇy[ā]nāmudīrṇṇapravalakalimadadhvaṁsināṁ satyavācāṁ

⟨0⟩ gambhīrāṇāntrivarggasthiticaturadhiyāṁ vṛirddha6sevāparāṇāṁ [|*]

⟨0⟩ kāmādyantaścarāriprasabhavijayināṁ hetividyāvar[ā]ṇā-

⟨0⟩ ndhīrāṇāmūrjjitānānnayavinayavatāmpallavānānnṛipāṇām || [4*]

⟨0⟩ teṣāṁ vaṁśe prasūtādraṇarasikapurormmarddanādagra7daṇḍā-

⟨0⟩ tsubrahmaṇyaḥ kumāro guha iva paramādīśvarādāttajanmā [|*]

⟨0⟩ śakti(ḥ)kṣuṇṇārivarggo viditabahunayaśśaiṁvasiddhāntamārgge

⟨0⟩ śrīmānatyantakāma[ḥ*] kṣatasakalamalo dhūrddharaḥ pallavānām || [5*]

⟨0⟩ kalācaturayoṣitāṁ rahasi rañjane manmathastrayīpathaniṣe[viṇāṁ sa]tatapālane vāsavaḥ [|*]

⟨0⟩ munidvijasuradviṣāṁ hṛidayadāraṇe mādhavaḥ sa ca draviṇasaṁpadā sujanatoṣaṇe vittadaḥ || [6*]

⟨0⟩ duṣyantapramuravaiḥ śratā8mbaragatā vāṇī śarīraṁ vinā

⟨0⟩ kṣmānāthaiḥ suradṛiśvabhiryyadi kṛite kaṇvādibhiḥ svīkṛitaiḥ [|*]

⟨0⟩ tannāścaryyamidaṁ punaḥ kaliyuge dūrībhavatsadguṇe

⟨0⟩ sośroṣī9diti tāṁ girammahadaho vismāpanaṁ śrībharaḥ || [7*] ⟨Page 13⟩

⟨0⟩ yeneme nayavikramāttakamalāsaṁpattidarppoddhatā

⟨0⟩ bhrūbhaṁgakṣaṇamātradhūtadhiṣaṇā namrīkṛitā[ḥ*] pārtthivā[ḥ |*]

⟨0⟩ jātoso1puruṣottamo raṇajayastrātuñjanānmajjataḥ

⟨0⟩ pāpābdheḥ kalikālabhīmamakaragrastānsa jīyācciram || [8*]

⟨0⟩ nayorjjitaparākramārjjitamanena sarvvañjagatnṛipeṇa2hatakaṇṭakaṁ praṇatarājakaṁ bhuñjatā [|*]

⟨0⟩ yaśaḥsadṛiśamānmano3bhavanametadutthāpitaṁ harasya harahāsarūpamatimānamatyatbhutam 4 || [9*]

⟨0⟩ śrīrājasiṁhapallaveśvare nāgendrabhogabhīmabhūpaṇaḥ [|*]

⟨0⟩ devāsurendrabṛindavandita sthāne sthitostu śaṁkaraściram || [10*]

⟨0⟩ asminnutvṛittaśatra5dviradaghanaghaṭārājasihena rā[jñā]

⟨0⟩ rājñāmā[jñāvi]dhe[yī]kṛitasakaladiśā nirmmite dharmmibhājā6[|*]

⟨0⟩ śaile kailāsalīlāmapaharati gṛihe rājasiṁheśvarākhyāṁ

⟨0⟩ bibhratyabhraṁlihāgre viracayatu sadā sannidhānaṁ vṛiṣāṅkaḥ || [11*]

⟨0⟩ rājasiṁho raṇajaya[ḥ*] śrībharaścitrakārmukaḥ [|*]

⟨0⟩ ekavīraściraṁ pātu [śi]vacūḍāmaṇirmmahīm [|| 12*]

TRANSLATION.

(Verse 1.) May (Gaṅgā) purify you!—she who springs from the jewel (on the head) of Sthāṇu (Śiva), appearing • • • black by the splendour of (his) neck and red by the rays of the gems on the hoods (of his snakes), who fills the lake of the three worlds. • •

(2.) • • • After him (there was) that sage Aṅgiras, who was born from his (viz., Brahman's) mind. His son was (Bṛihaspati) the minister of Śakra (Indra) and preceptor of the gods. His son was Śaṁyu. From him, who possessed terrible power and was honoured in the three worlds, there took birth that illustrious chief of sages, Bharadvāja by name, who became the source of the race of the Pallavas.

(3.) From this lovely one came Droṇa, the highly honoured preceptor of the Pāṇḍavas (and) Kurus; from him the great Aśvatthāman, who deprived princes of their constancy and pride. Just as the first-born Manu, his son, Pallava by name, became the founder of a race of brave and victorious kings, who enjoyed the whole earth:—

(4.) Of the Pallava princes, who were pious, who destroyed the excessively great pride of the Kali (age), who spoke the truth, who were profound, whose minds knew how to practise the trivarga, who assiduously honoured the aged, who foreibly subdued lust and the other internal foes, who excelled in the knowledge of weapons, who were firm, mighty and endowed with polity and modesty.

(5.) Just as Guha (also called Subrahmaṇya or Kumāra) took birth from the supreme lord (Śiva), the destroyer of the warlike (demon) Pura, thus from the supreme lord Ugradaṇḍa, 7 who was born in the race of these (viz., the Pallavas), the destroyer of the city of Raṇarasika, there took birth a very pious prince (subrahmaṇyaḥ kumāraḥ), the illustrious Atyantakāma, 8 the chief of the Pallavas, who crushed the multitude of his foes by ⟨Page 14⟩ his power (or spear), whose great statesmanship was well-known 1 and who had got rid of all impurity (by walking) on the path of the Śaiva doctrine.

(6.) Like Manmatha (Kāma), he charmed refined women in secret; like Vāsava (Indra), he constantly protected those, who frequented the path of the three Vedas; like Mādhava (Vishṇu), he tore the hearts of the enemies of sages, twice-born and gods; and like Vittada (Kucera), he gratified good people with abundant wealth.

(7.) If in the Kṛita (age) kings like Dushyanta, who saw the gods and were engaged by (saints) like Kaṇva, would hear a heavenly voice without body, that is not a matter of wonder; but ah! this is extremely astonishing, that Śrībhara 2 has heard that voice in the Kali age, from which good qualities keep aloof.

(8.) May Raṇajaya 3 be victorious for a long time, who humbled those princes, who were puffed up with the pride of abundant prosperity, which they had acquired by polity and prowess, depriving them of their intelligence in the mere space of knitting his brows, and who, like Purushottama (Vishṇu), was born to rescue from the ocean of sin the sinking people, who were swallowed by the horrid monster, (called) the Kali age !

(9.) While this prince enjoyed the whole world, which he had conquered by valour combined with polity, and in which he had killed rebels and humbled kings, he erected this extensive and wonderful house of Hara (Śiva), which resembles his fame and the laughter of Hara. 4

(10.) May Śaṁkara (Śiva), whose terrible ornaments are the coils of the king of serpents, and who is praised by the hosts of the kings of gods and of demons, reside for a long time in this temple, (called) the holy Rājasiṁha-Pallaveśvara !

(11.) May the bull-marked (Śiva) always lend his presence to this temple of stone, called Rājasiṁheśvara, which touches the clouds with its top, which robs Kailāsa of its beauty, and which was built by that pious king of kings, who made all quarters obedient to his orders and (who proved) a royal lion (Rājasiṁha) to the dense troops of the elephants of his daring foes!

(12.) May Rājasiṁha, the conqueror in battle (Raṇajaya), the bearer of prosperity (Śrībhara), the wonderful archer (Chitrakārmuka), 5 the unrivalled hero (Ekavīra), who has Siva for his erest-jewel (Śivachuḍāmaṇi), 6 for a long time protect the earth !

⟨SIIv01p0i0025⟩ No. 25. ROUND THE INSIDE OF THE ENCLOSURE OF THE RĀJASIṀHEŚVARA TEMPLE, FIRST TIER.

A. Right side of east enclosure.

1st niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīrājasiṁhaḥ || śrīatyantakāmaḥ || śrīraṇajayaḥ || śrīabhirāmaḥ7||

2nd niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīaparājitaḥ śrīamitramallaḥ śrīakutobhayaḥ śrīūrjjitaḥ || ⟨Page 15⟩

3rd niche.

⟨0⟩ śrījayaparaḥ śrīatiraṇacaṇḍaḥ śrībharaḥ śrībahunayaḥ śrīudayabhāskaraḥ

B. South enclosure.

4th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīmeghaḥ śrīabhayaṅkaraḥ śrīkulatilakaḥ śrīārimarddanaḥ ||

5th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīuditaprabhāvaḥ śrīuditakīrttiḥ śrīṛiṣabhadarppaḥ śrīṛiṣabhalāñchanaḥ1

6th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīugravīryyaḥ śrīuditoditaḥ śrīunnatarāmaḥ śrīugrapratāpaḥ

7th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīatyadāraḥ2śrīanunayasāddhyaḥ śrīāhavakesarīḥ 3

8th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīkalaṁkavarjjitaḥ śrīkāñcīmahāmaṇiḥ śrīkharavikramaḥ śrīcakravarttī (!)

9th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīrivannānukampī4śrīcāpadvitīyaḥ śrīchinnasaṁśayaḥ śrīchalarahitaḥ

10th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīamitrāśaniḥ śrīapratimallaḥ śrīadbhutacaritaḥ śrīibhavidyādharaḥ ||

11th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīicchāpūraḥ śrīīśānaśaraṇaḥ śrīudayacandraḥ śrīparjjanyarūpaḥ

12th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīparacakramarddanaḥ śrīnarendracūlāmaṇiḥ5śrīnityavarṣaḥ śrīrājarājaḥ

13th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīvādyavidyādharaḥ śrīcitrakārmmukaḥ6śrīvīrakesariḥ 7 śrīkāmukaḥ

14th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīsarvvatobhadraḥ śrīkṣatracūlāmaṇiḥ8śrīvilāsaḥ śrīyuddhārjjunaḥ

15th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīvallabhaḥ śrīsaṁgrāmarāmaḥ śrīsārvvabhaumaḥ śrīkṣatravidrāvaṇaḥ

16th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīāhavabhīmaḥ śrīamitaprabhāvaḥ śrītrailokyanāthaḥ śrīdānavarṣaḥ ⟨Page 16⟩

17th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrītṛiṣṇāpūraṇaḥ śrīdaridrānukampiḥ1śrīaviratadānaḥ śrīdīptapauruṣa[ḥ]

18th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīdānaśūraḥ śrīdharmmanityaḥ śrīdhavalāśayaḥ2śrīdharmmakavacaḥ

19th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīsamaradhanañjayaḥ śrībhīṣaṇacāpaḥ śrīajayyaḥ śrīguṇavinītaḥ śrīavanidivākaraḥ śrīkalaṁkarahitaḥ śrīkalāsamudraḥ śrīāhavadhīraḥ3śrīduṣṭadamanaḥ śrīpallavādityaḥ

20th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīparāparaḥ śrīparahitaḥ śrīnityotsāhaḥ śrīpuruṣasiṁhaḥ

21st niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīpuṇyaślokaḥ śrīpārtyavikramaḥ śrībhīmakāntaḥ śrībahudakṣiṇaḥ

22nd niche.

⟨0⟩ śrībhayarahitaḥ śrīmahāmallaḥ śrīmattapramattaḥ śrīmattavikāraḥ

23rd niche.

⟨0⟩ śrībhuvani4bhājanaḥ śrīmahendraparākramaḥ śrīmahāprabhāvaḥ śrīmanucaritaḥ

C. West enclosure.

24th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīmāyācāraḥ śrīpativallabhaḥ śrīraṇavīraḥ śrīyugāntādityaḥ

25th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīraṇadhīraḥ śrīrakṣāmaṇiḥ śrīraṇacaṇḍaḥ śrīraṇavikramaḥ

26th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīatulabalaḥ śrīahitāntakaḥ śrīapāravikramaḥ śrīaśvapriyaḥ

27th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīapratimaḥ śrīaravaṇḍaśāsanaḥ śrīakāṇḍāśaniḥ śrīamoghavikramaḥ

28th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīānatamaṇḍalaḥ śrīapratihataḥ śrīadbhutaśaktiḥ śrīājñārasaḥ śrīāścaryyavīryyaḥ

29th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīāpātadurddharaḥ śrīāśāviyiḥ5śrīāhavoddhuraḥ śrīibhavatsarājaḥ ||

30th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīiddhaśāsanaḥ śrīilā6parameśvaraḥ śrīugradaṇḍaḥ śrīunnatamānaḥ ⟨Page 17⟩

31st niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīucchritavīryyaḥ śrīudayatuṅgaḥ śrīuttarottaraḥ śrīugraśāsanaḥ

32nd niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīguṇālayaḥ śrīudayavasantaḥ śrīekasundaraḥ śrīmahānubhāvaḥ

D. North enclosure.

33rd niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīupendravikṛimaḥ1śrīāśāpūraḥ śrīkuladhvajaḥ śrīguṇonnataḥ

34th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīunnatecchaḥ śrīutkhātakaṇṭakaḥ śrīekadhanurddharaḥ śrīudārakīrttiḥ

35th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīācāraparaḥ śrīārttāyanaḥ śrīāśrīta2vatsalaḥ śrīītiśātanaḥ

36th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīātodyatumburuḥ śrīāgamapramāṇaḥ śrīājñālaṅkṛitaḥ śrīitihāsapriyaḥ

37th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīatisāhasaḥ śrīanavagrahaḥ śrīāgamānusāriḥ3śrīutthānaśīlaḥ śrīudayonnataḥ śrīudvṛittadamanaḥ śrīekarājaḥ śrīkālavikramaḥ śrījayanidhiḥ śrīkālavasanaḥ śrīgarvvitadamanaḥ

38th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrījātigambhīraḥ śrīcāracakṣuḥ śrījñānāṁkuśaḥ śrītaptaśaraṇaḥ

39th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīdamitavyālaḥ śrīdānavarṣaḥ śrīdevadevabhaktaḥ śrīdurvvāravegaḥ

40th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīcāruvilāsaḥ śrītuṁgavikramaḥ śrītīvrakopaḥ śrīdharmmavijayiḥ4

41st niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīdāvāgniḥ śrīdeśavarddhanaḥ śrīdūraduritaḥ śrīdharmmasetuḥ

42nd niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīdūradaśiḥ5śrīdṛiptaśāsanaḥ śrīnayānusāriḥ 6 śrīnayanamanoharaḥ

43rd niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīanindyacaritaḥ śrīagādhagāmbhīryya[ḥ*] śrīanabhravṛiṣṭiḥ śrīatanupratāpaḥ

44th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīadharmmabhīruḥ śrīarināśaḥ śrīavanibhājanaḥ śrīaprativāryyaḥ ⟨Page 18⟩

45th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīavandhyakopaḥ śrīamitrāntakaḥ śrīavihataśaktiḥ śrīanavagītaḥ

46th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīarātikālaḥ śrīanavagrahaḥ śrīatisāhasaḥ śrīanugraśīlaḥ

47th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīabhayarāśiḥ śrīāhatalakṣaṇaḥ śrīutsāhanityaḥ śrīupāyanipuṇaḥ

48th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīgandhahastiḥ1śrīkāmavilāsaḥ śrī[kāvi]prabodhaḥ 2 śrīkāraṇakopaḥ

49th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīcaṇḍadaṇḍaḥ śrīasahyakopaḥ śrīchāyāvṛikṣaḥ śrīdharaṇitilakaḥ

50th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīvaruṇapāśaḥ śrīdhairyyasāgaraḥ śrīpravṛittacakraḥ śrīnāgapriyaḥ

51st niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīniramitraḥ śrīnirarggalaḥ śrīparantapaḥ śrīlokaśikāmaṇiḥ3

52nd niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīpārtthivasiḥ4śrībalapramaḥ5 śrībhūridānaḥ śrīpratibhayaḥ oṁ

E. Left side of east enclosure.

53rd niche.

⟨0⟩ śrībhīmavikramaḥ śrīrājakuñjaraḥ śrīlalitavilāsāḥ6śrīśāstradṛiṣṭiḥ

54th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīvāraṇabhagadattaḥ śrīvikṛitavilāsaḥ śrīvikramakesariḥ7śrīviṇā 8nāradaḥ

55th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīśaṁkarabhaktaḥ śrīśūrāgragaṇyaḥ śrītatvavedī(ḥ) śrīīśvarabhaktaḥ ||

TRANSLATION.

(Niche 1.) The illustrious 9 Rājasiṁha. He whose desires are boundless. The conqueror in battle. The lovely.

(2.) The unconquered. The wrestler with his foes. The fearless. The mighty. ⟨Page 19⟩

(3.) He who is eager for conquest. The excessively flerec in battle. The bearer of prosperity. The great statesman. (He who resembles) the sun in rising.

(4.) The cloud (which showers) wealth. The granter of safety. The ornament of his race. The destroyer of his enemies.

(5.) He whose power is rising. He whose fame is rising. He who boasts of the bull (as his sign). He whose sign is the bull.

(6.) He who possesses terrible prowess. He who is rising ever and over. The exalted and lovely. He who is endowed with terrible bravery.

(7.) The extremely noble. He who is to be conquered (only) by submissiveness. The lion in battle.

(8.) The spotless. The great jewel of Kāñchī. He who possesses harsh valour. 1 The emperor.

(9.) He who is compassionate to the distressed. He whose companion is the bow. He whose doubts are solved. The guileless.

(10.) The thunderbolt to his foes. The unrivalled wrestler. He whose deeds are wonderful. He who possesses the knowledge of elephants.

(11.) The fulfiller of wishes. He whose refuge is Īśāna (Śiva). (He who resembles) the moon in rising. He who resembles the cloud (in showering gifts).

(12.) The destroyer of hostile empires. The erest-jewel of princes. He who is continually showering (gifts.) The king of kings.

(13.) He who possesses the knowledge of musical instruments. The wonderful archer. The lion among heroes. He who is desirous of prosperity.

(14.) The altogether auspicious. The crest-jewel of warriors. He who is sporting with the goddess of prosperity. (He who resembles) Arjuna in battle. 2

(15.) The favourite of the goddess of prosperity. (He who resembles) Rāma in war. 3 The ruler of the whole earth. The dispeller of warriors.

(16.) He who is fearful in battle. He who possesses unbounded power. The lord of the three worlds. He who showers gifts.

(17.) The fulfiller of desires. He who is compassionate to the poor. He whose gifts never cease. He who is endowed with brilliant courage.

(18.) He who goes to war (only in order to procure the means) for gifts. The constantly just. He whose heart is pure. He whose (only) armour is justice.

(19.) The conqueror of wealth in battle. He whose bow excites terror. The invincible. He who is modest (in spite of his) virtues. The sun of the earth. The spotless. The occan of arts. He who is firm in battle. He who goes to anger (only) at the proper time. 4 The subduer of the wicked. The sun of the Pallavas.

(20.) The omnipotent. The benevolent. The constantly active. The lion among men.

(21.) He whose fame is pure. He who resembles Pārtha (Arjuna) in valour. The terrible and lovely. He who is liberal (at sacrifices).

(22.) The fearless. The great wrestler. The madly excited. The madly passionate.

(23.) The possessor of the world. He who resembles Mahendra in heroism. The powerful. He who resembles Manu by his deeds. ⟨Page 20⟩

(24.) The diplomatic. The favourite of Śrīpati (Vishṇu). The hero in battle. The sun at the end of the world.

(25.) He who is firm in battle. The jewel of protection. The flerce in battle. (He who shows) valour in battle.

(26.) He whose strength is unequalled. The destroyer of his enemies. He whose valour is unbounded. He who is fond of horses.

(27.) The matchless. He whose commands are unbroken. The sudden thunderbolt. 1 He whose valour never fails.

(28.) He to whom the provinces bow. The unopposed. He whose power is wonderful. He who likes (to issue) orders. The wonderfully brave.

(29.) The irresistible in attacking. The conqueror of (all) quarters. He who is unrestrained in battle. (He who resembles) the king of Vatsa (in the knowledge of) elephants. 2

(30.) He whose commands are blazing. The supreme lord of the earth. He whose punishments are terrible. The highly proud.

(31.) The highly brave. The highly rising. He who rises higher and higher. He whose commands are terrible.

(32.) The abode of virtues. (He who resembles) spring in rising. He whose beauty is unrivalled. The majestie.

(33.) He who resembles Upendra (Vishṇu) in valour. The fulfiller of hopes. The ornament of his race. He who is exalted by virtues.

(34.) He whose desires are lofty. The destroyer of rebels. The unrivalled archer. The famous.

(35.) The religious. The refuge of the distressed. He who is kind to refugees. The destroyer of plagues.

(36.) (He who resembles) Tumburu (in the knowledge of) musical instruments. He whose authority is the (Śaiva) doctrine. 3 He who is adorned with (the power of issuing) orders. He who is fond of legends.

(37.) The daring. The unimpeded. The follower of the (Śaiva) doctrine. The restless. The highly rising. The subduer of rebels. The unrivalled king. He who resembles Death in valour. The receptacle of victory. The black-robed. The subduer of the haughty.

(38.) The naturally profound. He whose eyes are his spies. He whose goad is knowledge. The refuge of the distressed.

(39.) The subduer of villains. He who showers gifts. The devotee of Devadeva (Śiva). He whose speed is unrestrainable.

(40.) The graceful. The highly brave. He whose anger is fierce. He who is making conquests (only for the sake of) justice.

(41.) The wood-fire. The bestower of prosperity on his country. The sinless. The barrier of justice.

(42.) The far-seeing. He whose commands are proud. The follower of polity. He who pleases the eyes.

(43.) He whose deeds are blameless. He whose profundity is unfathomable. He who showers (gifts) without clouds. He who possesses no small prowess. ⟨Page 21⟩

(44.) He who is afraid (only) of injustice. The destruction of his enemies. The possessor of the earth. The irresistible.

(45.) He whose anger is not fruitless. The destroyer of his foes. He whose power is unresisted. The unreproached.

(46.) The death of his enemies. The unimpeded. The daring. The gentle-minded.

(47.) The ocean of safety. He whose good qualities are well-known. The constantly active. He who is skilled in expedients.

(48.) The scent-elephant. He who possesses the grace of Cupid. The reviver of poetry. He who goes to anger (only) with good reason.

(49.) He whose punishments are fierce. He whose anger is unbearable. The shading tree. The ornament of the earth.

(50.) The noose of Varuṇa. The ocean of firmness. The emperor. He who is fond of elephants.

(51.) He who has no enemies (left). The unbarred. He who distresses his enemies. The crest-jewel of the world.

(52.) The lion among princes. The destroyer of armies. The liberal. The formidable.

(53.) He whose valour is terrible. 1 The elephant among kings. He whose grace is pleasant. He whose eyes are the sciences.

(54.) (He who resembles) Bhagadatta (in the knowledge of) elephants. 2 He whose grace is extraordinary. (He who resembles) the lion in valour. (He who resembles) Nārada (in the playing of) the lute.

(55.) The devotee of Śaṁkara (Śiva). The foremost among heroes. He who knows the truth. The devotee of Īśvara (Śiva).

⟨SIIv01p0i0026⟩ No. 26. ROUND THE INSIDE OF THE ENCLOSURE OF THE RĀJASIṀHEŚVARA TEMPLE, FOURTH TIER.

TEXT.

2nd niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīatyantakāmaḥ śrīamitramallaḥ

3rd niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīguṇavinītaḥ śrīaparājitaḥ

4th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīavanidivākaraḥ śrīūrjitaḥ

5th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīuditaprabhāvaḥ śrīudiṁrtakīrttiḥ

6th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīkalaṁkarahitaḥ śrīkalāsamudraḥ

7th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīugra[vī]ryyaḥ śrīuditoditaḥ

8th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīatyudāraḥ śrīanunayasā[ddhyaḥ]

9th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīunnatarāmaḥ śrīugrapratā[paḥ]

10th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīāhavadhīraḥ śrīāha[vakesarī]

11th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrī * * * * * śrīkālakopaḥ

12th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīravaravikramaḥ śrīrivannānukampī(ḥ)

13th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīcakravarttī śrī[cāpa]dvitīya[ḥ]

14th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīamoghabāṇaḥ śrīasahyamārggaṇaḥ ⟨Page 22⟩

15th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīugrasāyakaḥ śrīuddhataviśikhaḥ

16th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrībhīmakārmmukaḥ śrībhīṣaṇacāpa[ḥ]

17th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīavismitaḥ śrīamitrāśaniḥ

18th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīiṣṭavarṣaḥ śrīindralīlaḥ

19th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīamitra[marddanaḥ śrī]ājimarddanaḥ

20th niche.

⟨0⟩ śrīduṣṭadamanaḥ śrīdurutsahaḥ

TRANSLATION. 1

(Niche 14.) He whose arrows never fail. He whose arrows are unbearable.

(15.) He whose arrows are terrible. He whose arrows are (ever) raised.

(16.) He whose bow is terrible.

(17.) The never perplexed.

(18.) He who showers (i.e., amply fulfils) desires. He who resembles Indra in grace.

(19.) The destroyer of his enemies. The destroyer in battle.

(20.) The irresistible.

⟨SIIv01p0i0027⟩ No. 27. ROUND THE OUTSIDE OF THE SHRINE OF MAHENDRAVARMEŚVARA.

TEXT.

⟨0⟩ [śrī]bhāra[dvājagotra]kṣiti[dha]raśirava[ra] * * * * * * *

⟨0⟩ [prādurbhū]to mahendraḥ pratinṛipatigajatrāsivīryyorjjitādyaḥ [|*]

⟨0⟩ etattenopakaṇThe vihitamanupamaṁ rājasiṁheśvarasya

⟨0⟩ prītyā nityamma[he]ndre[śvarama]dhivasatu sthāṇurīśassurā[dyaḥ || 1*]

⟨0⟩ lokādityātprasūto raṇarasikacamūpaṅkaśoṣipratāpā-

⟨0⟩ dyandevo rājasiṁhastanayamalabha[ta śrīmahendrābhidh]ānam [|*]

⟨0⟩ tena śrīrājasiṁheśvaragṛihavihite śrīmahendreśvaresmi-

⟨0⟩ nnāvāse kṛittivāsāḥ saha guhapariṣanmaṇḍalaiḥ sannidhattām || [2*]

⟨0⟩ yaṁ rājā rājasiṁhastanayamajanayanmedinīvīrasiṁho

⟨0⟩ vṛittairaṁhonivṛittaiḥ kṛitayugamaparannirmmimāṇo mahendram [|*]

⟨0⟩ tenedaṁ rājasiṁheśvaranikaṭasamutthāpitaṁ saprasādo

⟨0⟩ nityāvāsammahendreśvaragṛihamumayā sārddhamīśo vidhattām || [3*]

⟨0⟩ karotu kālāntakaraḥ purāntako maheśvarassarvvasurāsurāśrayaḥ [|*]

⟨0⟩ padaṁ sadā * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * [|| 4*]

⟨0⟩ mahendravarmmeśvaragṛiham2|| ⟨Page 23⟩

TRANSLATION.

(Verse 1.) May the motionless, the lord, the first of gods for ever joyfully dwell in this matchless (temple of) Mahendreśvara, which was constructed near (the temple of) Rājasiṁheśvara by Mahendra, who sprang • • • (from) the chief of the princes of the holy Bhāradvāja-gotra, from that Ūrjita, 1 whose bravery frightened the elephants of rival kings!

(2.) May the skin-robed together with the troops of his attendants, the Guhas, be present at this dwelling, (called) the holy Mahendreśvara, which was constructed (near) the temple of the holy Rājasiṁheśvara by the illustrious Mahendra, the son of king Rājasiṁha, who sprang from that Lokāditya (i.e., the sun of the world), whose valour dried up the army of Raṇarasika, just as the heat of the sun does the mud!

(3.) May Īśa together with Umā graciously take for his permanent dwelling this temple of Mahendreśvara, which was erected near Rājasiṁheśvara by Mahendra, the son of king Rājasiṁha, the lion among the heroes of the earth, who produced another Kṛita age by his sinless conduct!

(4.) May Maheśvara, the refuge of all gods and demons, who puts an end to time and has made an end of (the demon) Pura, always (take up) his residence • • • •

The temple of Mahendravarmeśvara.

⟨SIIv01p0i0028⟩ No. 28. FRONT WALL OF THE FIRST NICHE TO THE RIGHT OF FRONT ENTRANCE.

śrīnityavinīteśvaragṛiham ||

The temple of the holy Nityavinīteśvara.

⟨SIIv01p0i0029⟩ No. 29. THIRD NICHE TO THE RIGHT OF FRONT ENTRANCE.

TEXT.

1. Front, first line.

⟨0⟩ namaśśivāya [||*]

⟨0⟩ bharttuḥ puronmathanadṛiṣṭadhanurbbalasya śailādhirājatanayeva vṛiṣadhvajasya [|*]

⟨0⟩ yā kālakāla iti viśrutapuṇyakīrtteḥ kāntā nitāntadayitā parameśvarasya(ḥ) || [1*]

2. Back.

⟨0⟩ deve jagadvalayarakṣaṇabaddhadīkṣe nirbbhinnaśatruhṛidaye narasiṁhaviṣṇau [|*]

⟨0⟩ vāllabhyamūrjjitamavāpya virājate yā nirjjitya garvvamiva puṣkaradevatāyāḥ || [2*]

3. Front, second line.

⟨0⟩ nirmmāpitamidandhāma tayā candra[śiravā]maṇeḥ [|*]

⟨0⟩ patā[kayeva] nārīṇāṁ ramyaṁ raṁgapatāka[yā || 3*]

TRANSLATION.

Adoration to Śiva!

(Verse 1.) She, who was the dearly beloved mistress of her husband, the supreme lord, who was famed by the name of Kālakāla, whose sign was the bull, 2 and the strength of ⟨Page 24⟩ whose bow had become manifest at the destruction of cities, just as the daughter of the king of mountains (Pārvatī) is the dearly beloved mistress of her husband, the supreme lord (Śiva), whose sign is the bull, and the strength of whose bow has become manifest at the destruction of (the demon) Pura;—

(2.) She, who is resplendent, as she has attained the mighty position of favourite with king Narasiṁhavishṇu, who has split the hearts of his foes, and who has devoted himself to the protection of the circle of the world, and as thus she seems to have subdued the pride of Pushkaradevatā (i.e., Lakshmī, the wife of the god Narasiṁha-Vishṇu);—

(3.) That Raṅgapatākā, who was, as it were, the banner (patākā) of women, caused to be built this lovely dwelling of (Śiva,) whose crest-jewel is the moon.

⟨SIIv01p0i0030⟩ No. 30. FIFTH NICHE TO THE RIGHT OF FRONT ENTRANCE.

TEXT.

1. Front.

⟨0⟩ śrī [||*]

⟨0⟩ ākārasundaravilāsavatīsahasrasarggaprabandhacira[saṁskṛitakau]śalasya [|*]

⟨0⟩ lāvaṇyamārddavavilāsamṛijāsamagrā nirmmāṇasiddhiriva yā prathamasya dhātuḥ || [1*]

2. Back.

⟨0⟩ akliṣṭamādhuryyavilobhanīyāṁ vibhūṣitāṁ vibhramahāvabhāvaiḥ [|*]

⟨0⟩ ākarṣavidyāmiva lo * * * * * * * * * * * * * * [|| 2*]

TRANSLATION.

Prosperity!

(Verse 1.) She, who, full of loveliness, softness, grace and cleanliness, seemed to be the master-piece of the first creator, whose skill had attained perfection at last, after he had created thousands of good-looking women;—

(2.) She, who was charming through genuine sweetness, who was adorned with grace, coquetry and feeling, who, like the art of attraction, • • • • •

⟨SIIv01p0i0031⟩ No. 31. A PALLAVA INSCRIPTION IN A CAVE-TEMPLE NEAR PANAMALAI. 1

A facsimile of this inscription was kindly forwarded to me by Mr. Rāghavendrāchārya of Vānūr. It consists of one Sanskrit verse, which is identical with the last verse of Rājasiṁha's large inscription at Kañchī (No. 24, above). Hence it may be concluded, that the Panamalai Cave was founded by Rājasiṁha and that in his time the Pallavas ruled as far south as Panamalai.

⟨1⟩ rājasiṁho raṇajayaḥ

⟨2⟩ śrībharaścitrakārmuka[ḥ |*] e-

⟨3⟩ kavīraścirampātu śi-

⟨4⟩ vacūḍāmaṇirmmahīm [||*] ⟨Page 25⟩

⟨SIIv01p0i0032⟩ No. 32. A PALLAVA INSCRIPTION FROM AMARĀVATĪ. 1

The subjoined Sanskrit inscription is engraved on three sides of an octagonal pillar, 2 which was excavated at Amarāvatī by Mr. R.Sewell and sent by Dr. Burgess to the Madras Museum. The top of the pillar and some letters of the uppermost lines of the inscription have been broken off. The inscription has hitherto remained a puzzle, as each line seems to end incomplete. Finding, that the first words of some lines were connected with the last words of the following lines, I was led to suppose that the inscription must begin from the bottom and not from the top. Curiously enough, this is really the case. If the inscription is read upwards, we find that it consists of eleven complete verses and of a prose passage, the end of which is lost through the mutilation of the pillar at the top.

The inscription opens with an invocation of Buddha and with a mythical genealogy of Pallava, the supposed founder of the Pallava dynasty.

Brahman. Bharadvāja. Aṅgiras. Sudhāman. Droṇa. Aśvatthāman, married to the Apsaras Madani. Pallava.

Verse 8 gives a popular etymology of the name Pallava. Then there follow the names of seven Pallava kings:—

1. Mahendravarman, son of Pallava.

2. Siṁhavarman I., son of 1.

3. Arkavarman, son of 2.

4. Ugravarman.

6. Nandivarman, son of 5, Śrī-Siṁhavishṇu.

7. Siṁhavarman II.

The inscription contains no information about the relationship, which existed between 3 and 4, 4 and 5, 6 and 7. Neither does the genealogy agree with the lists derived by Mr. Foulkes 3 and Mr. Fleet 4 from other Pallava inscriptions, although similar names of kings occur in them. For these reasons great care should be taken in using the above list for historical purposes.

From the incomplete prose passage at the end of the inscription, we learn that, on his return from an expedition to the north, Siṁhavarman II. came to a place sacred to Buddha, which was called Dhānyaghaṭa (line 38) or Dhānyaghaṭaka (line 47). The lost part of the pillar must have recorded a donation, which the king made to Buddha.

Dhānyaghaṭa or Dhānyaghaṭaka is evidently identical with Dhānyakaṭa or Dhānyakaṭaka, “corn-town,” the well-known old name of Amarāvatī. The use of gha instead ⟨Page 26⟩ of ka can perhaps be explained by the Tamil habit of softening a single consonant between two vowels. 1

TEXT.

⟨1⟩ śriyaṁ varāṁ vaściramādiśaṁtu te bhavadviṣa[ḥ*] śrī-

⟨2⟩ ghanapādapāṁsavaḥ [|*] surāsurādhīśaśikhāmaṇi-

⟨3⟩ tviṣāmanāṁtarayye2vilasanti saṁcaye || [1*] babhūva dhā-

⟨4⟩ tuḥ prathamādakalmaṣo munirbbharadvāja iti śru-

⟨5⟩ tīśvaraḥ [|*] tatoṁgirā nāma girāpagodadhistata-

⟨6⟩ ssudhāmeti munirvviniśrutaḥ || [2*] tatassamastā-

⟨7⟩ gamapāradṛiśvā droṇābhidhāno munirugravīryya[ḥ |*]

⟨8⟩ atarppayansoṣṭatanuṁ3tapobhirvvaṁśasya karttusta-

⟨9⟩ nayasya hetoḥ || [3*] prasādena tataśśaṁbhoraśvātthā-4

⟨10⟩ meti viśrutaḥ [|*] prādurbbabhūva tejasvī prātarbbhā-

⟨11⟩ nurivodayāt || [4*] tapasyatastasya kilāpsarovṛitā

⟨12⟩ sureṁdrakanyā madanīti viśrutā [|*] kadācidāraṇya5ni-

⟨13⟩ vāsimandiraṁ didṛikṣurālokapathaṁ jagāma sā || [5*]

⟨14⟩ saraḥpravātāṁbujaviskhalapriyā6viyogabhītaṁ

⟨15⟩ kalahaṁsamaṇḍalaṁ | aśokabhūmāvupaviśya

⟨16⟩ saspṛihaṁ vilokayantīmupatasthivānṛiṣiṁ7|| [6*] ume-

⟨17⟩ va śarvva prababhūva nātmano nirīkṣitaṁ8kāmamiva-

⟨18⟩ rṣiveṣinaṁ9| athobhayaṁ gāḍhanibaddhabhāvakaṁ

⟨19⟩ surāṁganāssaṁgamayāṁbabhūvire || [7*] asūta kāle sura-

⟨20⟩ rājakanyā nāthaṁ bhuvassāgarameravalāyāṁ10[|*] sapallavo-11

⟨21⟩ ghāstaraṇe śayānaṁ pitā sutaṁ pallava ityavādīḥ12[|| 8*]

⟨22⟩ maheṁdravarmmeti tataḥ kṣitīśaḥ śūrastato jāyati

⟨23⟩ siṁhavarmmā || tatorkkavarmmā tadanugravarmmā13śrī-

⟨24⟩ siṁhaviṣṇoratha nandivarmmā || [9*] anekarājanyaśiro-

⟨25⟩ maṇiprabhāvibhātakalpāyitaśārvvarāsthitiḥ [|*]

⟨26⟩ sa siṁhavarmmā samabhūdya ucyate hayadvipāṣṭādaśalakṣako

⟨27⟩ janaiḥ || [10*] sa sāgarāṁbarāmurvvī gaṁgāmoktika14hāriṇīṁ [|*] babhāṁ-

⟨28⟩ ra suciraṁ vīro merumandarakuṇḍalāṁ || [11*] atha kadācidama- ⟨Page 27⟩

⟨29⟩ ragiriśikharāyamāna1karicaraṇanakharavidāritaka-

⟨30⟩ nakadalacaraturagakhuramukhasamutthitavajastā-2

⟨31⟩ panīyavitānitanabhasthalaḥ3sakalamaṇḍalīkasāma-

⟨32⟩ ntasamaravīroparacitapārpṇipārśvapuronurakṣokhi-

⟨33⟩ ladigvijayārjjitayaśāḥ svāpanāya4sumeruśi-

⟨34⟩ kharamupātiṣṭhata || tatra kila nikhiladharaṇītalapa-

⟨35⟩ ryyaṭanajanitaśramamapaninīṣuḥ katipayāni

⟨36⟩ dināni nītvā kanakataṭaruhaharicandanatarucchāyānandi-

⟨37⟩ tahṛidayaḥ tato bhāgīrathīmuttīryya tathaiva godāvarīṁ kṛi-

⟨38⟩ ṣṇaverṇṇaṁ5ca śrīdhānyaghaṭanagarannāma vītarāgabhaṭṭārakama-

⟨39⟩ drākṣīt [|*] dṛiṣṭvā sakutūhalamakhilakṣetrarakṣaṇani-

⟨40⟩ [yu]ktādhidevatāssavinayamupagamyābhivandyaikānte

⟨41⟩ * * dharmmadeśānāma6śṛiṇot [|*] śrutvā cāparajanmānaṁ

⟨42⟩ * * [bhi]vandyedamuvāca [|*] ahamapi bhagavan bhagavato

⟨43⟩ * * [di]kāmihaiva maṇikanakarajatavicitraṁ kalpa-

⟨44⟩ * * * [e]vamukte bhagavānuvāca | sādhu sādhu7upā-

⟨45⟩ [saka siṁha]varmman itoparamabuddhakṣe[traśrī]-

⟨46⟩ * * * * * * * ṣveveti [|*] tato[bhi]vandya * * * *

⟨47⟩ * * * * * * * [dhānya]ghaṭake * * * * * * * *

TRANSLATION.

(Verse 1.) May the dust of the glorious 8 feet of Bhavadvish, 9 which thickly covers 10 the multitude of brilliant crest-jewels of the lords of gods and of demons, for a long time show you (the way to) supreme glory!

(2.) From the first creator (Brahman) there sprang a pure sage, called Bharadvāja, who mastered the śrutis; from him an ocean (uniting) the rivers of speech, Aṅgiras by name; from him the renowned sage Sudhāman;

(3.) From him a sage called Droṇa, who thoroughly knew all āgamas and who possessed terrible might. In order to obtain a son who would found a race, he strove to please the eight-formed (Śiva) by austerities.

(4.) By the favour of Śaṁbhu, there arose to him a brilliant (son), famed by the name of Aśvatthāman, just as at morn the brilliant sun rises over the eastern mountain.

(5.) Once, surrounded by (other) celestial maidens, the famous nymph Madanī, who wished to see the abode of the hermits, entered the path of sight of that ascetic. ⟨Page 28⟩

(6.) The saint approached her, while, seated amongst a group of aśoka-trees, she was wistfully regarding the male swans, which were afraid of being separated from their beloved ones, whenever they lost sight of them behind a lotus of the lake, which was agitated by the wind.

(7.) Perceiving him who resembled Cupid in the dress of a saint, she lost her selfcontrol, just as Umā on seeing Śarva. Then the nymphs united the couple, which had conceived a deep affection (towards each other).

(8.) In due time, the nymph gave birth to a protector of the earth, which is girt by the ocean. The father called his son Pallava, as he was lying on a couch (covered) with a heap of sprouts (pallava).

(9.) From him came the ruler of the earth Mahendravarman; from him the valiant Siṁhavarman; from him Arkavarman; after him Ugravarman; then Nandivarman from Śrī-Siṁhavishṇu.

(10.) There arose that Siṁhavarman, in whose audience-hall darkness is transformed into dawn by the splendour of the jewels on the heads of many princes, and whom people call (the lord) of eighteen lakshas of horses and elephants.

(11.) This hero for a long time protected the earth, whose garment is the occan, whose pearl-necklace is the Gaṅgā, and whose earrings are Meru and Mandara.

(Line 28.) Once, while his back, his flanks and his front were guarded by all his brave vassals and tributaries (maṇḍalīka-sāmanta), he marched to the peak of Sumeru, in order to place (there) the fame, which he had acquired by conquering all quarters, 1 His elephants, which resembled the peaks of the mountain of the gods (Meru), tore with the claws (!) of their feet the gold, 2 and his horses, walking on those pieces (of gold), made the sky appear like a canopy by the gold-dust rising under their hoofs. There, in order to remove the fatigue caused by wandering over the whole world, he passed a few days, enjoying the shade of the yellow sandal-trees, which grow on the slopes of gold. Then, having crossed the Bhāgīrathī (Gaṅgā), the Godāvarī and the Kṛishṇaverṇā, 3 he perceived (a place sacred to) the lord Vītarāga (Buddha), named the illustrious town of Dhānyaghaṭa. Having regarded it with curiosity, and having humbly approached and saluted the tutelar deities, which were charged with the protection of the whole sacred place (kshetra), he listened to a discourse on the law 4 • • • in a secluded spot. Having heard it, he saluted the highest-born 5• • and spoke thus: “I also, O lord ! (shall erect a statue?) of the lord at this very place, ornamented with jewels, gold, and silver.” After he had thus spoken, the lord said: “Well, well, layworshipper Siṁhavarman! Here [at] the place sacred to the highest Buddha. • • ” Then having saluted.....in Dhānyaghaṭaka• • • • •

⟨SIIv01p0i0033⟩ No. 33. ON THE PILLAR TO THE LEFT.

TEXT.

⟨1⟩ kāvīrīnnayanābhirāmasalilāmārā-

⟨2⟩ mamālādharām devo vīkṣya nadīpriyaḥ

⟨3⟩ priya[gu]ṇāmapyeṣa1rajyediti [|*] sāśaṁ-

⟨4⟩ kā girikanyakā pitṛikulaṁ hitveha manye gi-

⟨5⟩ [rau] nityantiṣṭhati pallavasya dayitāmetāṁ bru-

⟨6⟩ vāṇā nadīm || [1*] guṇabharanāmani rājanyanena li-

⟨7⟩ ṅgena liṅgini jñānam [|*] prathatāñcirāya loke vi-

⟨8⟩ pakṣavṛitteḥ parāvṛittam || [2*] coḷaviṣayasya śailo

⟨9⟩ maulirivāyaṁ mahāmaṇirivāsya [|*] haragṛihameta-

⟨10⟩ jjyotistadīyamiva śāṁkaraṁ jyotiḥ || [3*] śilā[kha]re-

⟨11⟩ ṇa janitā satyasandhasya bhautikī [|*] mūrttiḥ kīrttima-

⟨12⟩ yī cāsya kṛitā tenaiva śāśvatī || [4*] niṣkṛi[ṣya] calā [sa]-

⟨13⟩ madhāyi [guṇabha]re bhaktiḥ * *

TRANSLATION.

(Verse 1.) Being afraid, that the god who is fond of rivers (Śiva), having perceived the Kāvīrī, whose waters please the eye, who wears a garland of gardens, and who possesses lovely qualities, might fall in love (with her), the daughter of the mountain (Pārvatī) has, I think, left her father's family and resides permanently on this mountain, calling this river the beloved of the Pallava (king). 2

(2.) While the king called Guṇabhara is a worshipper of the liṅga, let the knowledge, which has turned back from hostile (vipaksha) conduct, be spread for a long time in the world by this liṅga ! 3 ⟨Page 30⟩

(3.) This mountain resembles the diadem of the Choḷa province, this temple of Hara (Śiva) its chief jewel, and the splendour of Śaṁkara (Śiva) its splendour.

(4.) By the stone-chisel a material body of Satyasaṁdha was executed, 1 and by the same an eternal body of his fame was produced.

⟨SIIv01p0i0034⟩ No. 34. ON THE PILLAR TO THE RIGHT.

TEXT.

⟨1⟩ śailendramūrddhani śilābhavane vicitre

⟨2⟩ śailīntanuṁ guṇabharo nṛipatirnnidhāya [|*]

⟨3⟩ sthāṇuṁ vyadha[tta] vi[dhi]reṣa yathārtthasaṁjñaṁ

⟨4⟩ sthāṇuḥ svayañca saha tena jagatsu jātaḥ [|| 1*]

⟨5⟩ gṛihamakṛita śatrumallo girindra2kanyā-

⟨6⟩ paterggirāvasmin [|*] giriśasya giriśa-

⟨7⟩ [saṁ]jñāmanvartthīkartumartthapatiḥ || [2*]

⟨8⟩ vibhūtiñcoḷānāṁ kathamahamavekṣe-

⟨9⟩ ya vipulāṁ nadīṁ vā kāvīrīmavanibhavanāva-

⟨10⟩ sthita iti [|*] hareṇoktaḥ prītyā vibhuradiśa-

⟨11⟩ dabhraṁlihamidammanupra[khyo rājye] garibhavana3-

⟨12⟩ masmai guṇabharaḥ || [3*] nirmmāpitā[miti mudā]

⟨13⟩ puruṣottamena śailīṁ harasya tanumaprati-

⟨14⟩ māmanena [|*] kṛitvā śivaṁ śirasi [dhā]rayatātma-

⟨15⟩ saṁsthamuccaiḥśirastvamaca[lasya] kṛitaṁ kṛitā-

⟨16⟩ rttham || [4*]

TRANSLATION.

(Verse 1.) When king Guṇabhara placed a stone-figure in the wonderful stone-temple on the top of the best of mountains, he made in this way 4 Sthāṇu (Śiva) stationary 5 and became himself stationary (i.e., immortal) in the worlds together with him.

(2.) King Śatrumalla built on this mountain a temple of Giriśa (Śiva), the husband of the daughter of the king of mountains, in order to make he name Giriśa (i.e., the mountain-dweller) true to its meaning.

(3.) After Hara (Śiva) had graciously asked him: “How could I, standing in a temple on earth, view the great power of the Choḷas or the river Kāvīrī ?”—king Guṇabhara, who resembled Manu in his manner of ruling, assigned to him this mountain-temple, which touches the clouds.

(4.) Thus having joyfully placed on the top (of the mountain) a matchless stone-figure of Hara (Śiva), which he caused to be executed, that Purushottama, who bore Śiva fixed in his mind, made the loftiness of the mountain fruitful. ⟨Page 31⟩

⟨SIIv01p0i0035⟩ No. 35. A GRANT OF NARENDRA-MṚIGARĀJA.

This grant belongs to the Sir W. Elliot Collection of the British Museum, and was made over to me for publication by Dr. Burgess. It consists of five copper-plates with raised rims. Each plate measures 9 by 3 inches. The first and fifth plates are inscribed only on their inner sides, while the three middle ones bear writing on both sides. The preservation of the plates is tolerably good. They are strung on an elliptic ring, which is (1/2)" thick and 4(7/8)" by 3(1/2)" in diameter. The well-preserved circular seal, which is attached to the ring, measures 2(5/8)" in diameter. It bears the sun and the moon at the top, the legend śrītribhuvanāṁkuśa across the centre, and an expanded lotus-flower (side-view) at the bottom—all in relief on a counter-sunk surface.

The document is a grant of the parama-māheśvara Narendra-mṛigarāja, alias Vijayāditya II., the son of Vishṇuvardhana IV. and grandson of Vijayāditya I. The name of the district (vishaya), to the inhabitants of which the king addresses his order, is lost. On the occasion of a lunar eclipse (chandra-grahaṇa-nimitte 2) the king gave the village of Koṟṟapaṟṟu to twenty-four brāhmaṇas. Of these, six adhered to the Hiraṇyakeśi-sūtra and eighteen to the Āpastamba-sūtra. They belonged to the following gotṛas:—Agniveśya, Kauṇḍinya, Kauśika, Gautama, Parāśara, Bhāradvāja, Vatsa, Śāṇḍilya, Saṁkṛiti and Harita. According to the colophon of the grant, “the excellent prince ⟨Page 32⟩ PEDIGREE OF THE EASTERN CHALUKYA DYNASTY. [C1]Kīrtivarman (until Śaka 489). [C1]Satyāśraya Vallabha (from Śaka 532 until at least 556). 1 [C2]1. Kubja Vishṇuvardhana I. Vishamasiddhi 2 (18 years; cir. Śaka 526-27 to cir. 544-45). [C1]2. Jayasiṁha I. Vallabha (33 years; cir. Śaka 544-45 to cir. 577-78). 3 [C2]3. Indra Bhaṭṭāraka. 4 [C1]4. Vishṇuvardhana II. (9 years; cir. Śaka 577-78 to cir. 586-87.) [C1]5. Maṅgi-yuvarāja (25 years; cir. Śaka 586-87 to cir. 611-12). [C1]6. Jayasiṁha II. (13 years; cir. Śaka 611-12 to cir. 624-25.) [C2]7. Kokkili (6 months; cir. Śaka 625). [C3]8. Vishṇuvardhana III. (37 years; cir. Śaka 625 to cir. 662.) [C1]9. Vijayāditya I. Bhaṭṭāraka (18 years; cir. Śaka 662 to cir. 680). [C1]10. Vishṇuvardhana IV. (36 years; cir. Śaka 680 to cir. 716.) [C1]11. Vijayāditya II. Narendra-mṛigarāja (48 years; cir. Śaka 716 to cir. 764). 5 [C1]12. Kali Vishṇuvardhana V. (1(1/2) years; cir. Śaka 764 to cir. 765-66.) [C1]13. Guṇaga, Guṇagāṅka or Guṇakenalla Vijayāditya III. (44 years; cir. Śaka 765-66 to cir. 809-10.) [C2]Yuvarāja Vikramāditya. [C3]Yuddhamalla. [C1]14. Chālukya-Bhīma I. Drohārjuna (30 years; cir. Śaka 809-10 to cir. 839-40.) [C1]15. Kollabhigaṇḍa, Kollabigaṇḍa or Kaliyarttyaṅka Vijayāditya IV. (6 months; cir. Śaka 840.) [C1]16. Amma I. Vishṇuvardhana VI. Rājamahendra (7 years; cir. Śaka 840 to cir. 847). [C1]17. Vijayāditya. 7 [C1]18. Tāha, Tāla, Tāḍapa, Tālapa or Tāḻapa (1 month; cir. Śaka 847). [C1]19. Vikramāditya (11 months or 1 year; cir. Śaka 847 to cir. 848). [C2]20. Bhīma. 8 [C1]21. Yuddhamalla (7 years; cir. Śaka 848 to cir. 855). 6 [C1]22. Chālukya-Bhīma II. Vishṇuvardhana VII. Gaṇḍamahendra, son of queen Meḻāmbā (12 years; cir. Śaka 855 to 867). [C1]23. Amma II. Vijayāditya V. son of queen Lokamahādevī, ascended the throne in Śaka 867 9 and reigned 25 years (to cir. Śaka 892). [C1]24. Dānārṇava or Dāna-nṛipa (3 years; cir. Śaka 892 to cir. 895). [C1]25. Aftor an interregnum of 27 years, 10 Śaktivarman or Chālukyachandra reigned 12 years; circa Śaka 925 to circa 937. [C2]26. Vimalāditya married Kūndavā, daughter of Rājarāja of the Sūrya-vaṁśa and younger sister of Rājendra-Choḍa (7 years; cir. Śaka 937 to 944). [C1]27. Rājarāja I. Vishṇuvardhana VIII. married Ammaṅga-devī, daughter of Rājendra-Choḍa of the Sūrya-vaṁśa, ascended the throne in Śaka 944 11 and reigned 41 years (to Śaka 985). [C2]28. Vijayāditya VI. received the kingdom of Veṅgī from his nephew Rājendra-Choḍa and reigned 15 years (Śaka 985 to 1000). [C1]Rājendra-Choḍa, alias Kulottuṅga-Choḍa-deva I, Kulottuṅga-deva or Rājanārāyaṇa, Choḍa king, married Madhurāntakī, daughter of Rājendradeva of the Sūrya-vaṁśa, and reigned 49 years (Śaka 985 to 1034). [C1]Vikrama-Choḍa (15 years; Śaka 1034 to 1049). [C2]29. Rājarāja II. (1 year; Śaka 1000 to 1001.) [C3]30. Vīra-Choḍa Vishṇuvardhana IX. ascended the throne in Śaka 1001; a grant 12 is dated in the 21st year of his reign (Śaka 1022). [C4]Four other sons. [C1]Kulottuṅga-Choḍa-deva II. was reigning in Śaka 1056. 13 ⟨Page 33⟩ Nṛipa-Rudra, who was the brother of Narendra-mṛigarāja and a descendant of the Haihaya-vaṁśa (!), (was) the executor of this charity.” 1

TEXT.

PLATE I.

⟨1⟩ svasti [||*] śrīmatāṁ sakalabhuvanasaṁstūyamānamānavyasagotrāṇāṁ hāritīputrāṇāṁ

⟨2⟩ kauśikīvaraprasādalabdharājyānāṁ mātṛigaṇaparipālitānāṁ svāmimahāsenapā-

⟨3⟩ dānudhyātānāṁ bhagavannārāyaṇaprasādasamāsāditavaravarāhalāñchanekṣaṇa-

⟨4⟩ kṣaṇavaśīkṛitārātimaṇḍalānā aśva2medhāvabhṛita 3snānapavitrīkṛitavapu-

⟨5⟩ ṣāṁ caḷukyānāṁ kulamalaṁkaripṇo(ḥ)ranekasamaramaṁghaṭṭalabdhanijabhujavija-

⟨6⟩ yaśrīyaḥ4niravadyodāraguṇagaṇālaṁkṛitasya śrīvijayādityamahārājasya

⟨7⟩ pautraḥ sphuritakaravāḷadhārāvaśīkṛitārātibhūmaṇḍalasya svacaritanyakṛita-5

PLATE II a.

⟨8⟩ nṛiganaḷanahuṣāṁvarīṣayayāte vi6ṣṇoriva svacakranandakasya viṣṇuvarddhanamahā-

⟨9⟩ rājasya priyatanayaḥ pratā[pā*]nurāgāvanatasamastasāmantamaulīlāḷitaśāsanaḥ

⟨10⟩ kṣatrocitaśaktitrayapātrībhūtaḥ anekasaṁgrāmavijayāsāditavikramadhava[ḷa]ḥ ya-

⟨11⟩ madaṇḍacaṇḍadorddaṇḍamaṇḍalāgranakhakhaṇḍitaripukarigaṇḍasthaḷe7narendramṛiga-

⟨12⟩ rājā8arātiṣaḍvargganigrahakaraḥ samadhigatarāj(ā)vidyācatuṣṭayaḥ caturupāyapra-

⟨13⟩ yogacaturaḥ duṣṭ(ā)nigrahaśiṣṭānugrahakaraḥ madhumathana iva svavikramākrāntabhu[vana]ḥ

⟨14⟩ yudhiṣṭhira iva bhīmārjunaparākramasahāya[ḥ*] daśarathasuta iva sītānandanakaraḥ manuri-

PLATE II b.

⟨15⟩ va sanmārggadarśśī padmāk(ā)ra iva aritimiranikaravidhvaṁsanāditya[ḥ] paramabrahmaṇyaḥ [para]mam[āhe]-

⟨16⟩ śvaraḥ [sa]mastabhūvanā9śrayaśrīvijayādityamahārājādhirājaparameśvarabhaṭṭārakaḥ * * * *

⟨17⟩ [vādiviṣa]yanivāsino rāṣṭrakūṭṭa10pramukha(ḥ)kūṭuṁbinaḥ 11sarvvānitthamājñāpayati [||*] viditamastu

⟨18⟩ vaḥ [a]bhipendaṇḍuruvāstavyāya kauśikagotrāya hiraṇy(ā)keśisūtrāya veda-

⟨19⟩ vedāṁgap[ā*]ragāya veṇamaśarmmaṇe nalūcerivāstavyāya kauśika[gotrāya] hi-

⟨20⟩ raṇyakeśisūtrāya caṭiśarmmaṇe podeṁguvāstavyāya gautama[gotrāya hiraṇya]-

⟨21⟩ keśisūtrāya vidaśarmmaṇe podaṁguvāstavyāya saṁkrīti12gotrāya hiraṇy(ā)keśisū-

PLATE III a.

⟨22⟩ trāya maviṇḍiśarmmaṇe podeṁguvāstavy[ā*]ya arita13gotrāya hiraṇya(ā)keśisūtrāya yā-

⟨23⟩ jñaśarmmaṇe podeṁguv[ā*]stavyāya saṁkriti14gotrāya hiraṇy(ā)keśisūtrā[ya * * śa]rmma- ⟨Page 34⟩

⟨24⟩ ṇe krovāśiriva[ā*]stavyāya arita1gotrāya apastambasūtrā[ya kāma]śarmma

⟨25⟩ ṇe urpuṭūruva[ā*]stavyāya bhāradvājagotrāya apa[stamba]sūtrāya

⟨26⟩ viṣṇuśarmmaṇe vaṁgipaṟṟu v[ā*]stavyāya kauṇḍinyagotrā[ya*] apastamba(mba)sūtrā-

⟨27⟩ ya guñjadevaśarmmaṇe vaṁgipaṟṟu va[ā*]stavyāya śāṇḍilya[gotrāya] apa-

⟨28⟩ stambasūtrā[ya*] bhadraśarmmaṇe vaṁgipaṟṟu va[ā*]stavyāya kauṇḍinyagotrāya apa-

PLATE III b.

⟨29⟩ stambasūtrāya viṣṇuśarmmaṇe vaṁgipaṟṟu va[ā*]stavyāya kauṇḍinyagotrāya a-

⟨30⟩ pastambasūtrāya nārāyaṇaśarmmaṇe cānturuv[ā*]stavyāya bhāradvājagotrā-

⟨31⟩ ya apastambasūtrāya droṇaśarmmaṇe cānturuv[ā*]stavyāya bhāradvā-

⟨32⟩ jagotrāya āpastambasūtrāya nārāyaṇaśarmmaṇe krovaśiriva[ā*]stavyā-

⟨33⟩ ya haritagotrāya āpastambasūtrāya mādhavaśarmmaṇe krovaśiriv[ā*]sta-

PLATE IV a.

⟨34⟩ vy[ā*]ya parasara2gotra[ā*]ya apastambasūtrāya vennamaśarmmaṇe krovaśiriva[ā*]stavyāya vatsago-

⟨35⟩ trāya apastambasūtrāya arudiśarmmaṇe urpuṭūruv[ā*]stavyāya bhāradvājagotrāya

⟨36⟩ apastambasūtrāya nandiśarmmaṇe kārahaiduv[ā*]stavyāya bhāradvājagotrāya apa-

⟨37⟩ stambasūtrāya viṣṇuśarmmaṇe kārahaiduv[ā*]stavyāya bhāradvājagotrāya apastambasūtrā-

⟨38⟩ ya bhāramāśarmmaṇe kārahaiduv[ā*]stavyāya bhāradvājagotrāya apastambasūtrāya yañjaśa-

PLATE IV b.

⟨39⟩ rmmaṇe [cāntu][ru*]v[ā*]stavy[ā]ya bhāradvājagotrāya apastambasūtrāya bādadiśarmmaṇe krāja-

⟨40⟩ v[ā*]stavyāya kauṇḍinyagotrāya apastambasūtrāya veṇṇaśarmmaṇe rāyūruv[ā*]stavya[ā]-

⟨41⟩ ya agrī3[veśya]gotrāya apastambasūtrāya ṟo mpayaśarmmaṇe vedavedāṁgaratebhyaḥ

⟨42⟩ ṣaṭkarmmaniratebhya catruviṁśātibrāhmaṇebhyā candru4grahaṇani[mitte udaka]pū-

⟨43⟩ rvva5 [koṟṟa paṟṟu] nāma grāmassarvvakarapariha[ā]raṁ [kṛitvā] dattaḥ [|*] asyāvadhivica[āraḥ pū]rvva[taḥ] a-

⟨44⟩ tū[gupaṟṟu] da[kṣiṇataḥ vā]napaṟṟu paścimataḥ vā[ ṇḍhaṟū] pe[dayū] uttarataḥ gana[yyā]ra-

⟨45⟩ bu ca[turviśatyai] datta[ḥ |*] asyopari na [kena]cidbādhā karaṇīyā [|*] karoti yassa pa-

PLATE V.

⟨46⟩ ñcamahāpātaka[saṁ]yukto bhavati [||*] vyāsenāpyuktaṁ [||*] bahubhirvvasudhā dattā bahubhiścānu-

⟨47⟩ pālitā [|*] yasya yasya yadā bhūmistasya tasya tadā phalaṁ [||*] svada(ā)ttāṁ para[da]ttāṁ vā [yo] hareta

⟨48⟩ vasundharāṁ [|*] ṣaṣṭivaruṣa6sahasrāṇi viṣṭhāyāṁ jāyate kṛimiḥ [||*] kalpa[koṭisahasrā]ṇi

⟨49⟩ sva[rge mo]dati bhūmida[ḥ |*] a7kṣeptā cānumantā ca tānyeva narake vaset [||*] rāmeṇāpyu-

⟨50⟩ ktaṁ [||*] sarvvānevaṁ bhāvinaḥ pārtthivendrān bhūyo bhūyo yācate rāmabhadraḥ [|*] sāmānyoya8dharmmase-

⟨51⟩ turnṛipāṇāṁ kāle kāle pālanīyo bhavadbhiḥ [||*] narendramṛigarājasya bhrāt[ā*] haihayavaṁśajaḥ [|*] ājñapti-

⟨52⟩ rasya dharmmasya rnṛipa9rudranṛipottama[ḥ ||*] vijayavādavāstavyāya 10akṣaralalitācāryyeṇa likhitaṁ [||*] ⟨Page 35⟩

Hail ! The grandson of the illustrious Vijayāditya-mahārāja, who was adorned with a multitude of blameless and noble virtues, who had acquired the splendour of victory by his own arm in many warlike encounters, and who adorned the race of the glorious Chaḷukyas, who belong to the gotra of the Mānavyas, who are praised in the whole world; who are the sons of Hāritī; who have acquired the kingdom by the favour of (Śiva) the husband of Kauśikī; who are protected by the assemblage of (divine) mothers; who are meditating at the feet of the lord Mahāsena (Skanda); who have subdued the territories of their enemies in an instant at the (mere) sight of the sign of the boar, a boon which they had obtained through the favour of the blessed Nārāyaṇa (Vishṇu); and whose bodies are purified by bathing at the end of horse-sacrifices;—

The beloved son of Vishṇuvardhana-mahārāja, who subdued the surrounding territories of his enemies with the edge of his flashing sword, who surpassed by his deeds Nṛiga, Nala, Nahusha, Ambarīsha and Yayāti, and who rejoiced in his sovereignty, just as Vishṇu in his discus;—

He whose commands are cherished by the diadems of all vassals who bow affectionately to (his) majesty, who is a receptacle of the three powers 1 which are suitable to the warrior-caste, who is resplendent with the strength which he has acquired by victories in many battles, Narendra-mṛigarāja, who has cut the temples of the elephants of his foes with the sword (that resembles) a claw 2 in his arm which is as fierce as Yama's rod, who has subdued the six (internal) enemies, 3 who has acquired the four branches of royal science, who knows how to employ the four expedients, 4 who chastises the wicked and shows favour to the good, who has conquered the world by his valour, just as (Vishṇu) the destroyer of Madhu by his (three) stops, who is assisted by terrible and splendid courage, just as Yudhishṭhira was assisted by the courage of Bhīma and Arjuna, who, just as (Rāma) the son of Daśaratha, gives pleasure to Sītā, 5 who knows the right course, just as Manu, who disperses the crowd of his foes, just as the sun disperses the mass of darkness in a lotus-group, 6 the most pious one, the devout worshipper of Maheśvara (Śiva), the asylum of the whole world, the illustrious Vijayāditya, the king of great kings, the supreme master, the lord, thus issues his commands to all householders, (viz.) heads of provinces, etc., who inhabit the district of • • •

(Line 17.) “Be it known to you, (that I) gave on the occasion of a lunar eclipse, with a libation of water, the village called Koṟṟapaṟṟu, making (it) exempt from all taxes, to (the following) twenty-four brāhmaṇas, who are engaged in (the study of) the Vedas and Vedāṅgas and intent on (the performance of) the six duties, (viz.) to Veṇama-śarman, who dwells at Abhipendaṇḍuru, belongs to the Kauśika-gotra, follows the Hiraṇyakeśi-sūtra and is well versed in the Vedas and Vedāṅgas; to Chaṭi-śarman, who dwells at Nalūcheri, belongs to the Kauśika-gotra and follows the Hiraṇyakeśi-sūtra; to Vida-śarman, who dwells at Podeṅgu, belongs to the Gautama-gotra and follows the Hiraṇyakeśi-sūtra; ⟨Page 36⟩ to Maviṇḍi-śarman, who dwells at Podaṅgu, 1 belongs to the Saṁkṛiti-gotra and follows the Hiraṇyakeśi-sūtra; to Yājña-śarman, who dwells at Podeṅgu, belongs to the Harita-gotra and follows the Hiraṇyakeśi-sūtra; to • śarman, who dwells at Podeṅgu, belongs to the Saṁkṛiti-gotra and follows the Hiraṇyakeśi-sūtra; to Kāma-śarman, who dwells at Krovāśiri, 2 belongs to the Harita-gotra and follows the Apastamba-sūtra; to Vishṇu-śarman, who dwells at Urpuṭūru, belongs to the Bhāradvāja-gotra and follows the Apastamba-sūtra; to Guñjadeva-śarman, who dwells at Vaṅgipaṟṟu, belongs to the Kauṇḍinya-gotra and follows the Apastamba-sūtra; to Bhadra-śarman, who dwells at Vaṅgipaṟṟu, belongs to the Śāṇḍilya-gotra and follows the Apastamba-sūtra; to Vishṇu-śarman, who dwells at Vaṅgipaṟṟu , belongs to the Kauṇḍinya-gotra and follows the Apastamba-sūtra; to Nārāyaṇa-śarman, who dwells at Vaṅgipaṟṟu, belongs to the Kauṇḍinya-gotra and follows the Apastamba-sūtra; to Droṇa-śarman, who dwells at Chānturu, belongs to the Bhāradvāja-gotra and follows the Apastamba-sūtra; to Nārāyaṇa-śarman, who dwells at Chānturu, belongs to the Bhāradvāja-gotra and follows the Āpastamba-sūtra; to Mādhava-śarman, who dwells at Krovaśiri, belongs to the Harita-gotra and follows the Āpastamba-sūtra; to Vennama-śarman, who dwells at Krovaśiri, belongs to the Parāśara-gotra and follows the Apastamba-sūtra; to Arudi-śarman, who dwells at Krovaśiri, belongs to the Vatsa-gotra and follows the Apastamba-sūtra; to Nandi-śarman, who dwells at Urpuṭūru, belongs to the Bhāradvāja-gotra and follows the Apastamba-sūtra; to Vishṇu-śarman, who dwells at Kārahaidu, belongs to the Bhāradvāja-gotra and follows the Apastamba-sūtra; to Bhāramā-śarman, who dwells at Kārahaidu, belongs to the Bhāradvāja-gotra and follows the Apastamba-sūtra; to Yañja-śarman, who dwells at Kārahaidu, belongs to the Bhāradvāja-gotra and follows the Apastamba-sūtra; to Bādadi-śarman, who dwells at Chānturu, belongs to the Bhāradvāja-gotra and follows the Apastamba-sūtra; to Veṇṇa-śarman, who dwells at Krāja, belongs to the Kauṇḍinya-gotra and follows the Apastamba-sūtra; and to Ṟompaya-śarman, who dwells at Rāyūru, belongs to the Agniveśya-gotra and follows the “Apastamba-sūtra.”

(Line 43.) (There follows) the description of the boundaries of this (village). 3, • • • • •

(Line 45.) Nobody shall cause obstruction to this (grant); he, who does it, becomes possessed of the five great sins. Vyāsa also has said: [Here follow three of the customary imprecatory verses, which it is unnecessary to translate.]

(Line 49.) Rāma also has said: [Here follows another verse.]

(Line 51.) The executor (ājñapti) of this charity (was) the excellent prince Nṛipa-Rudra, who was the brother of Narendra-mṛigarāja and a descendant of the Haihaya race.

(Line 52.) (This edict) was written by Aksharalalitāchārya, who dwelt at Vijayavāda.

⟨SIIv01p0i0036⟩ No. 36. A GRANT OF AMMA I.

The original of the subjoined inscription belongs to the Government Central Museum, Madras. According to Mr. Sewell, 4 it “was found at the close of the year 1871 buried in the ground in a field in the village of Eḍeru near Ākiripalle in the Kistna District, 15 ⟨Page 37⟩ miles north-east of Bezvāḍa, a village belonging to the present Zamīndārī of Nūzivīḍu. The plates were presented to the Madras Museum by the then Zamīndār.” A rough transcript and paraphrase of the inscription were published by S. M. Naṭeśa Śāstrī. 1 As the inscription deserves to be published more carefully owing to its bearing on a part of the history of the Eastern Chalukyas, I now edit it from the original plates, the use of which I owe to the kindness of Dr. E. Thurston, Superintendent, Government Central Museum.

The document is engraved on five copper-plates with raised rims, which are not less than (1/4) inch thick. Each plate measures 9(1/4) by 4(1/4) inches. The first and fifth plates are inscribed only on their inner sides, while the three middle ones bear writing on both sides. The characters are extremely elegant and must have been engraved by an accomplished calligraphist. The plates are strung on a slightly elliptic ring, which is (1/2) inch thick and measures about 5 inches in diameter. The well-cut circular seal, which is attached to the ring, rests on an expanded lotus-flower and measures 3(1/4) inches in diameter. It bears, at the top, a recumbent boar, which faces the right and is surmounted by the moon and the sun, two chāmaras, an elephant-goad and a symbol which I cannot make out; across the centre, the legend śrītribhuvanāṁkuśa; and at the bottom, an expanded lotus-flower (side-view),—all in relief, on a counter-sunk surface. Both the plates and the seal are in excellent preservation.

The inscription opens with a maṅgala, and then notices in prose and in verse the ancestors of the Eastern Chalukya king Amma I. Of the kings from Kubja-Vishṇuvardhana to Vishṇuvardhana IV. nothing but the names and the length of reigns is mentioned. The next king was Vijayāditya II., who is called Narendra-mṛigarāja in other inscriptions. He fought 108 battles during 12 years with the armies of the Gaṅgas and Raṭṭas, built 108 temples of Śiva in commemoration of his victories and ruled over Veṅgī for 44 years (verses 2 to 4). As Mr. Fleet has pointed out, 2 “the Gaṅgas here referred to were mahāmaṇḍaleśvaras, feudatories of the Rāshṭrakūṭas, whose inscriptions are found in the Beḷgaum and Dhārwāḍ Districts.” The Raṭṭas mentioned in the grant were the Rāshṭrakūṭas themselves. If we deduct the sum of the reigns of the Eastern Chalukya kings from Kali-Vishṇuvardhana to Chālukya-Bhīma II. from the date of the accession of Amma II.—Śaka 867 3—the accession of Kali-Vishṇuvardhana and the death of his predecessor Vijayāditya II. would fall in Śaka 764. Most inscriptions assign to the latter a reign of 48 years, two inscriptions a reign of 40 years, 4 and the subjoined inscription a reign of 44 years. Accordingly, his accession would fall in Śaka 716, 724 or 720. Hence the war between Vijayāditya II. and the Raṭṭas—as suggested by Mr. Fleet—may have taken place during the reigns of the two Rāshṭrakūṭa kings Govinda III. and Śarva Amoghavarsha, who ruled at least from Śaka 726 5 to 737 and from 737 6 till at least 800 7 respectively. As, in a grant of Śaka 730, 8 the lord of Veṅgī is described ⟨Page 38⟩ as the servant of Govinda III., and as in a grant of Śaka 789 1 it is stated, that Amoghavarsha was worshipped by the lord of Veṅgī, it seems that each party claimed the victory over the other. The fact, that Vijayāditya II. built 108 temples of Śiva, is also alluded to in two other inscriptions, where it is said, that he founded 108 temples of Narendreśvara, i.e., temples of Śiva called after his surname Narendra. 2

Nothing of importance seems to have happened during the short reign of Kali-Vishṇuvardhana. His successor Vijayāditya III., who reigned from Śaka 765-66 to 80910, “having been challenged by the lord of the Raṭṭas, conquered the unequalled Gaṅgas, cut off the head of Maṅgi in battle, frightened the fire-brand Kṛishṇa and burnt his city completely” (verse 10.) The killing of Maṅgi and the burning of the city of Kṛishṇa is also reported in another inscription. 3 The Kṛishṇa, whom Vijayāditya III. defeated, is probably identical with the lord of the Raṭṭas, who challenged him, and with the Rāshṭrakūṭa king Kṛishṇa II., whose earliest known date is Śaka 825. 4

After the death of Vijayāditya III., the Rāshṭrakūṭas, as noticed by Mr. Fleet, seem to have been victorious; for his nephew Chalukya-Bhīma I., alias Drohārjuna, who ruled from Śaka 809-10 to 839-40, had to reconquer “the country of Veṅgī, which had been overrun by the army of the Raṭṭa claimants” (line 28f.) The length of the reign of Vijayāditya IV., the successor of Chalukya-Bhīma I., is not mentioned in the subjoined inscription; according to other grants he ruled six months.

There followed the king, who issued the grant, Amma I., alias Rājamahendra or Vishṇuvardhana VI. He, “having drawn his sword, which broke the dishonest hearts of his feudatory relatives, who had joined the party of his natural adversaries, won the affection of the subjects and of the army of his father (Vijayāditya IV.)” and of his grandfather (Chalukya-Bhīma I.)” (line 39 ff.) The natural adversaries of Amma I. were probably the Rāshṭrakūṭas under Prabhūtavarsha III., whose inscription is dated in Śaka 842. 5

The grant proper, which takes up the remainder of the inscription, is an order, which Amma I. addressed to the inhabitants of the Kaṇḍeṟuvāḍi-vishaya, and by which he granted the village of Goṇṭūru 6 together with twelve hamlets to Bhaṇḍanāditya, alias Kuntāditya, one of his military officers. The donee belonged to the Paṭṭavardhinīvaṁśa. His ancestor Kāḻakampa had been in the service of Kubja-Vishṇuvardhana, the first of the Eastern Chalukya kings, and had killed a certain Daddara in battle. Bhaṇḍanāditya himself had already served the donor's father, who is here called Vijayāditya-Kaliyarttyaṅka. The second part of this name corresponds to the Kollabhigaṇḍa or Kollabigaṇḍa of other inscriptions. The grant closes with the enumeration of the four boundaries of the village granted and of the names of the twelve hamlets included in it, and with two of the customary imprecatory verses. ⟨Page 39⟩

TEXT.

PLATE I.

⟨1⟩ sarvvākāramaśeṣasya jagataḥ sarvvadā śivaṁ [|*] gobrāhmaṇanṛipāṇāṁcca śivaṁ bhavatu sarvvadā || [1*]

⟨2⟩ svasti [||*] śrīmatāṁ sakalabhuvanasaṁstūyamānamānavyasagotrāṇāṁ hārītīputrāṇāṁ kau-

⟨3⟩ śikīvaraprasādalabdharājyānāṁ mātṛigaṇaparipālitānāṁ svāmimahāsenapādānudhyātā-

⟨4⟩ nāṁ bhagavannārāyaṇaprasādasamāsāditavaravarāhalāṁchanekṣaṇakṣaṇava-

⟨5⟩ śīkṛitārātimaṇḍalānāṁ aśvamedhāvabhṛithasnānapavitrīkṛitavapuṣāṁ calukyā-

⟨6⟩ nāṁ kulamalaṁkaraṣṇuḥ1(||) satyāśrayavallabhasya 2 bhrātā kubjaviṣṇuvarddhanoṣṭāda-

⟨7⟩ śa varṣāṇi | tatputro jayasiṁhavallabhastrayastriṁśaṁdvarṣāṇi | taddhrāturindrarājana-

⟨8⟩ ndano viṣṇu3varddhanaḥ nava varṣāṇi | tatputro maṁgiyuvarājaḥ paṁcaviṁśatisaṁvatsarān

⟨9⟩ tatsūnurjjayasiṁhastrayodaśa saṁvatsarān | tadvai4māturānujaḥ kokkili[ḥ*]

PLATE II a.

⟨10⟩ ṣaṇmāsān | tadagrajo viṣṇurājassvānujamuccāṭy(ā) saptatriṁśatsaṁvatsarān ta-

⟨11⟩ tputro vijayādityabhaṭṭārakaḥ aṣṭādaśābdān | tannandano viṣṇuvarddhanaḥ ṣaṭtriṁśa-

⟨12⟩ dabdān | tatputraḥ [|*] gaṁggaraṭṭabalaissārddham dvādaśābdānaha(ā)rnniśam [|*] bhujārjjitabalaṁ

⟨13⟩ khaḍgasahāyo nayavikramaiḥ [|| 2*] aṣṭottaraṁ yuddhaśatam yuddhvā śaṁbhormmahā-

⟨14⟩ layān [|*] tatsaṁkhy(ā)yākarodvīro vijayādityabhūpatiḥ [|| 3*] kṛitvā rājyaṁ

⟨15⟩ sa veṁggīś(ā)ssacatvāriṁśatassamān [|*] caturuttarasaṁkhyātān yayau śakhyaṁ sacī5pa-

⟨16⟩ teḥ [|| 4*] tatsūnurṇṇaya6vi(t)dvīraḥ kallyādirvviṣṇuvarddhano 7| veṁggīnāthassamastānāmāyudhā-

⟨17⟩ nāṁ kaḷau kṛitī [|| 5*] varṇṇ[ā*]śramasthitiniyojanadakṣarakṣāśīkṣā8paraparapuraṁjayasa-

PLATE II b.

⟨18⟩ ktabāhu[ḥ*] | nityanvivarggaparipāḷanatantramantrisaṁvvarddhitākhiladharātalala-

⟨19⟩ bdhatejāḥ [|| 6*] gajavājiyuddhakuśalassārddhasaṁvvatsaraṁppatiḥ [|*] babhūva rājye [na]yavi-

⟨20⟩ dabhiṣiktaḥ kulonnateḥ | [7*] tatsutojani samastabhūbhṛitāṁ śāsakaḥ sakalasaṁpadāṁ pa-

⟨21⟩ tiḥ [|*] dhairyyadānadhṛitidharmmanirmmalaśrīpratāpadharamūrttiviśrutaḥ | [8*] samarani-

⟨22⟩ ratārātivrātānanekadhareśvarān (|) prakṛitibalasaṁpannaḥ tejastatikrama-

⟨23⟩ ṇonnatiḥ9| vilasadasinā jitvā sūryya pratāpayaśomayairjjagati vijayādi-

⟨24⟩ tyo nityaṁ guṇaiśca jigāya saḥ | [9*] gaṁgānaṁgajavairiśaktirasamān (|) raṭṭeśasaṁcodito

⟨25⟩ jitvā maṁgiśiroharat yudhi mahābāhvāptavīryyāryyamā | kṛiṣṇaṁ saṁkilamaṁ-10

PLATE III a.

⟨26⟩ kitākhilabalaprāptorusadvikramo (|) bhītārttau11ca vidhāya tatpuramaraṁ yo

⟨27⟩ nirddadāha prabhuḥ | [10*] sa samastabhuvanāśrayaśrīvijayādityaścatuścatvāriṁ-12 ⟨Page 40⟩

⟨28⟩ śadvarṣāṇi | tadanu savitaryyastaṁgate timirapaṭaleneva raṭṭadāyādabale-

⟨29⟩ nābhivyāptam veṁgīmaṇḍalam tadanujavikramādityasūnuścalukyabhīmā-

⟨30⟩ dhipo drohārjunāparanāmā svavikramaikasahāyataravāriprabhayāvabhā-

⟨31⟩ syādhipatirabhūtkiṁ ca || dīnānāthanagranaṭagāyakadharmmadhvajavṛittīnām pitarāvi-

⟨32⟩ va sakheva gururivābhilaṣitaṁ vistīryya kalpatarupratimaścetāṁsi dānena saṁta-

⟨33⟩ rpya triṁśadvarṣāṇi (|) pālayitvātmaguṇaiḥ purandaramānandayanniva tatsakhyamagamat |

PLATE III b.

⟨34⟩ tatputro vijayādityaḥ śaiśavālabdha1saṁpadā [|*] saṁrvvabhogādhirājyāṁgabalaratnai-

⟨35⟩ ra2viśrutaḥ | [11*] jīvatyeva pratāpāptitari3 bhujabaladhvastatadvairivarggaḥ paścājjitvārivargga-

⟨36⟩ nnijamajitamahāśaktisaṁpannamantra[ḥ |*] prajñācakreṇa bāhyāṁ ripusāmitimapi svārttha-

⟨37⟩ bhogaiḥ kṛitārttho rājyāśīrllabdhatejāḥ samadalamadhipo jetumindraṁ prayā-

⟨38⟩ taḥ | [12*] tatsūnurudayāditya ivāmm4rājamahendrāparanāmā riputimi-

⟨39⟩ ramārānnihatya prakṛitisapatnapakṣanikṣiptasāmantakulyakuṭilamanobhaṁ-5

⟨40⟩ gakaraṁ karavālamutkṛitya6śaktitrayasaṁpannapratāpāvarjitapitṛipitāmaha-

⟨41⟩ prakṛitibalaḥ prajñayā suraguruṁ tejasā bhānumantaṁ kṣamayā kṣamāmama-

PLATE IV a.

⟨42⟩ ragiriṁ vividhabudhasamāśrayatayānukurvvan sarvvalokāśrayaśrīviṣṇuvarddhanama-

⟨43⟩ hārājaḥ svarājyābhiṣekakṛitakalyāṇaḥ siṁhāsanārūḍhaḥ kaṇḍeṟu vāḍiviṣaya-

⟨44⟩ nivāsinaḥ sarvvānkuṭuṁbinassamāhūyetthamājñāpayati sma | asmatkulakallyāṇapa-

⟨45⟩ raṁp(ā)rāniyogādhikṛitapaṭṭavarddhinīvaṁśāgraṇyā | kāḻa kaṁpa iti viśrute-

⟨46⟩ na | kuṁbjaviṣṇuvarddhanānucareṇa saṁgrāme tadanujñayā | durddharṣabalaṁ daddaranā-

⟨47⟩ mānaṁ vinihatya taccihrāni | yena jagṛihire | tatkulaprasūtasomādityasya sūnura-

⟨48⟩ nekayuddhalabdhapratāpaḥ pritiviyarājaḥ [|*] tatsūnussakalārātimadacchedakarā-

⟨49⟩ yudhaḥ [|*] sevako vijayādityakaliyarttyakabhūbhujaḥ [|| 13*] abhaiṣurbhaṇḍanādityaṁ dṛiṣṭvā

PLATE IV b.

⟨50⟩ pratimukhāṁrjjanam7| prāptamujjalagaṇḍākaṁ 8 yaṁ pare yamasannibham | [14*] yo hi | śatrūṇāṁ

⟨51⟩ tumuleṣu vīrapaṭahaṁ saṁśrāvya jitvā balaṁ kuṁtāditya iti (|) śrutāṁkitamahā-

⟨52⟩ kīrttipratāpālayaḥ [|*] maccittaṁ paritoṣya bhṛityapadavīṁ labdhvā prasādagaṁtaḥ9sphītā-

⟨53⟩ nekabalāribhūpavijayi10śrījanmabāhunnatiḥ 11| [15*] tasmai | sadvādaśagrāmaṭiko

⟨54⟩ goṁṭūru nāma grāmaḥ sarvvakaraparihārīkṛityāsmābhirddatta iti (|) viditama-

⟨55⟩ stu vosmābhiḥ || asyāvadhayaḥ | pūrvvataḥ goṁguva | dakṣiṇataḥ goṇayūru | paścimata- ⟨Page 41⟩

⟨56⟩ ḥ | kaluceṟu vulu | uttarataḥ maḍapalli | eteṣāmmadhyavarttinaḥ kṣetrasīmānaḥ | pūrvvataḥ |

⟨57⟩ potuṟā yu | āgneyataḥ | peddakoyilamu | dakṣiṇataḥ kuṟu vapoṭi | nairititaḥ1pe-

PLATE V.

⟨58⟩ ruvāti kuṟu va | paścimataḥ | pālaguṁṭṭa paḍumaṭikaṭṭa | vāyavyataḥ | polakuṁ-2

⟨59⟩ goṇḍa monadurgga bhadhavati3| uttarataḥ maḍapallipa | īśānataḥ4 | cāmi niguṁ-5

⟨60⟩ ṭṭa || asyopari na kenacidbādhā karttavyā yaḥ karoti sa paṁcamahāpātako bhava-

⟨61⟩ ti tathā ca vyāsenoktaṁ [||*] bahubhirvvamudhā dattā bahubhiścānupālitā [|*] yasya

⟨62⟩ yasya yadā bhūmistasya tasya tadā phalam || svadattāṁ paradattāṁ vā yo ha-

⟨63⟩ rettu vasundharān6[|*] ṣaṣṭiṁ varṣasahasrāṇi viṣṭhāyāṁ jāyate kṛimiḥ ||

TRANSLATION.

(Verse 1.) Let there be prosperity of all kinds for ever to the whole world, prosperity for ever to cows, brāhmaṇas and princes !

(Line 2.) Hail ! Kubja-Vishṇuvardhana,—the brother of Satyāśraya-Vallabha, who adorned the race of the glorious Chalukyas, etc. 7—(ruled) for eighteen years. His son Jayasiṁha-Vallabha (ruled) for thirty-three years. Vishṇuvardhana, the son of his brother Indra-rāja, (ruled) for nine years. His son Maṅgi-yuvarāja (ruled) for twentyfive years. His son Jayasiṁha (ruled) for thirteen years. Kokkili, his younger brother from a different mother, (ruled) for six months. His elder brother Vishṇu-rāja, having expelled his younger brother, (ruled) for thirty-seven years. His son Vijayādityabhaṭṭāraka (ruled) for eighteen years. His son Vishṇuvardhana (ruled) for thirty-six years. His son,—

(Verses 2 and 3.) The brave king Vijayāditya,—having fought 108 battles, in which he acquired power by his arm, with the armies of the Gaṅgas and Raṭṭas for twelve years, by day and by night, sword in hand, by means of polity and valour, 8—built the same number (i.e., 108) large temples of Śiva.

(Verse 4.) Having ruled his kingdom for forty-four years, this lord of Veṅgī became a companion of Indra.

(Verses 5 to 7.) His son. Kali-Vishṇuvardhana, the brave lord of Veṅgī,—who knew (the science of) polity; who was skilled in fighting (kali) with all weapons; 9 who was devoted to the art of protecting (his subjects), as he was able to enforce the rules of the castes and orders; whose arms were engaged in the conquest of hostile cities; who acquired glory on the whole earth, which was made prosperous by his ministers, whose chief aim was always to cherish the three objects of life; who was skilled in fighting with elephants and horses; and who know (how to follow the precepts of) polity in ruling,—was the anointed lord of his prosperous race for one and a half years. ⟨Page 42⟩

(Verse 8.) His son was a ruler of all princes and a lord of all wealth, who was renowned for a frame, which possessed the splendour of beauty, (that appeared the more) spotless on account of his valour, liberality, firmness and justice.

(Verse 9.) Having conquered by his flashing sword crowds of warlike enemies (and) many princes, this Vijayāditya (i.e., the sun of victory), who possessed natural power, and whose rise was due to an inheritance of abundant majesty, daily conquered the sun in the world by his virtues, which consisted of valour and glory.

(Verse 10.) Having been challenged by the lord of the Raṭṭas, this lord,—who possessed the strength of Śiva, (who resembled) the sun by the power obtained by his strong arm, and who had gained great and excellent might 1 by his strength, which impressed its mark on the universe,—conquered the unequalled Gaṅgas, cut off the head of Maṅgi in battle, frightened the firebrand Kṛishṇa and burnt his city completely.

(Line 27.) This asylum of the whole world, the illustrious Vijayāditya (ruled) for forty-four years. After him, the son of his younger brother Vikramāditya, (viz.) king Cḥalukya-Bhīma, whose other name was Drohārjuna, illumined the country of Veṅgī, —which had been overrun by the army of the Raṭṭa claimants, just as by dense darkness after sunset,—by the flashing of his sword, the only companion of his valour, and became king. Then, having fulfilled, like parents, like a friend, (or) like a preceptor, the desires of the distressed, the helpless, the naked, the dancers, the singers and those who gained their livelihood by (carrying) the banner of virtue, having gratified (their) minds by gifts, like the tree of paradise, and having ruled for thirty years, he became a companion of Indra, as though he had delighted him by his virtues.

(Verse 11.) His son Vijayāditya was famed for his wonderful strength, which was the means of his sway over all enjoyments, and through which he gained prosperity from his infancy.

(Verse 12.) Having destroyed the crowd of his (viz., his father's) foes by the strength of his arm (and) through his valour, while his father was still living, and having conquered after (his father's death) the crowd of his own enemies 2 and the association of his external foes by his extensive wisdom, (this) lord,—whose plans were backed up by invincible and great power, who was satisfied by the enjoyment of (all) his desires, who longed for (another) kingdom, and who had obtained glory,—went to Indra, in order to conquer one equal half (of Indra's throne).

(Line 38.) His son Amma, whose other name was Rājamahendra,—having destroyed from afar his enemies, as the rising sun (destroys from afar) the darkness, and having drawn his sword, which broke the dīshonest hearts of his feudatory relatives, who had joined the party of his natural adversaries,—won the affection of the subjects and of the army of his father and of his grandfather by his might, which was backed up by the three (regal) powers. (He) who resembled the teacher of the gods in wisdom, the sun in glory, the earth in patience and the mountain of the immortals through his being the resting-place of many learned men (or gods), the asylum of the whole world, the illustrious Vishṇuvardhanamahārāja, who had celebrated the festival of his anointment to the kingdom, and who had ascended the throne, having called together all the householders, who inhabit the district of Kaṇḍeṟuvāḍi, thus issued his commands:— ⟨Page 43⟩

(Line 44.) The chief of the Paṭṭavardhinī family, which was (always) charged with appointments by the prosperous succession of our race, he who was famed by the name of Kāḻakampa, the follower of Kubja-Vishṇuvardhana, killed in battle with his permission (a king) called Daddara, whose army was difficult to be overcome, and seized his banners. The son of Somāditya, who descended from his race, was Pritiviya-rāja (!), who acquired glory in many battles.

(Verses 13 and 14.) His son, whose weapons destroyed the pride of all enemies, a servant of king Vijayāditya-Kaliyarttyaṅka, (was) Bhaṇḍanāditya, of whom his enemies were afraid, when they perceived him approaching, his face covered with collyrium and his cheeks flushed, as if it were Yama, whose (elephant) Añjana 1 was facing (them), and the temples (of whose elephant) were shining (with rutting-juice).

(Verse 15.) For, having sounded the drum of heroes in tumultuous conflicts with the enemies and having defeated (their) army, he,—(who was also called) Kuntāditya, and who was the abode of the splendour of great fame combined with sacred knowledge,—pleased my mind, entered my service and obtained my favour; his long arms were the origin of the splendour of victory over hostile kings, whose armies were large and numerous.

(Line 53.) “To him we gave the village called Goṇṭūru together with twelve hamlets, having exempted it from all taxes. Thus be it made known to you by us. Its boundaries (are):—on the east, Goṅguva; on the south, Goṇayūru; on the west, Kalucheṟuvulu; on the north, Maḍapalli. The hamlets, 2 which are situated between these (four villages), (are):—on the east, Potuṟāyu; on the south-east, Peddakoyilamu; on the south, Kuṟuvapoṭi; on the south-west, Peruvāti (and) Kuṟuva; on the west, Pālaguṇṭa (and) Paḍumaṭikaṭṭa; on the north-west, Polakuṅgoṇḍa, Monadurga (and) Bhagavatī; on the north, Maḍapallipaṟṟu; on the north-east, Chāmiṟeniguṇṭa. Nobody shall cause obstruction to this (grant). He, who does it, becomes (guilty) of the five great sins. And Vyāsa has said thus: [Here follow two of the customary imprecatory verses.]”

⟨SIIv01p0i0037⟩ No. 37. A GRANT OF CHĀLUKYA-BHĪMA II.

The original of the subjoined inscription was kindly placed at my disposal by R. Sewell, Esq., then Acting Collector of the Kistna District, and was, at his desire, made over to the Central Museum, Madras, for safe custody. It was discovered recently, while digging a mound near the temple at Kolavennu, Bezvāḍa Tālluqa. The document consists of three copper-plates with raised rims. Each plate measures 9(1/4) by 4(5/8) inches. The first and third plates are inscribed only on their inner sides, while the second one bears writing on both sides. The writing on the third plate breaks off in the description of the boundaries of the granted village. As there is no trace of any letters after the words: yasyāvadhayaḥ pūrvataḥ, “the boundaries of which (are), to the east,” it seems that the document was left incomplete, perhaps because the necessary details of the surroundings of the village were not to hand, when the edict was issued. The plates are strung on a ring, which is (1/2) inch thick and 5 inches in diameter. The circular seal, which is attached to the ring, rests on an expanded lotus-flower and measures 2(1/4) inches in diameter. It bears at the top a standing boar, which faces the right, with the sun and the moon over it, a chaurī and an elephant-goad on its left and a chaurī on its right; the centre of the seal is occupied by the legend śrītribhuvanāṁkuśa and its bottom ⟨Page 44⟩ by a lotus-flower with eight petals (bird's-eye view),—all in relief on a counter-sunk surface. Both the inscription and the seal are in fairly good preservation.

The inscription opens with a maṅgala, which mentions the lotus-flower that rises from Vishṇu's navel, 1 and then gives the usual vaṁśāvali of the Eastern Chalukyas from Kubja-Vishṇu to Vikramāditya, the younger son of Chālukya-Bhīma I. The ensuing reign of Yuddhamalla, the son of Tāḻapa, is left out. This omission is probably due to the fact, that Chālukya-Bhīma II. considered his predecessor, whom he conquered, as an usurper and ignored him purposely. The grant consists of an order addressed by Chālukya-Bhīma II. alias Vishṇuvardhana VII. to the inhabitants of the Kaṇḍeṟuvāṭivishaya 2 and issued at the request of a vassal of the king, the Pānara prince Vājjaya. On the occasion of a winter-solstice (uttarāyaṇa), 3 Bhīma II. gave the village of Koḍhatalli as an agrahāra to Kommaṇa, who know the kramapāṭha (kramavid) and adhered to the Āpastamba-sūtra. The donce was the son of Deṇiya, who know the kramapāṭha (kramaka), and of Kandamavvā, and the grandson of Revaśarman, an inhabitant of Ābharadvasukālmādi.

TEXT.

PLATE I.

⟨1⟩ harinābhisarojanmā merunālaviśālitaḥ [|*] ajasya janmabhūrādipadmo jayati śā-

⟨2⟩ śvataṁ | [1*] svasti [||*] śrīmatāṁ sakalabhuvanasaṁstūyamānamānavyasagotrāṇāṁ hārītipu-

⟨3⟩ trāṇāṁ kauśikīvaraprasādalabdharājyānāṁ mātṛigaṇapariṁpālitānāṁ svāmimahāse-

⟨4⟩ napādānudhyātānāṁ bhagavannārāyaṇaprasādasamāsāditavaravarā-

⟨5⟩ halāṁcchanekṣaṇavaśīkṛitārātimaṇḍalānāṁ4maśvamedha[ā*]vabhṛithasnānapa-

⟨6⟩ vitrīkṛitavapuṣāṁ cālukyānāṁ kulamalaṁkariṣṇoḥ (|) satyāśrayasya

⟨7⟩ bhrātā kubjaviṣṇuraṣṭādaśa varṣa[ā*]ṇi | tatputro jayasiṁhastrayastriṁśataṁ | tadbhrāturi-

⟨8⟩ nda5rājasya nandano viṣṇuvarddhano nava | tatsuto maṁgiyuvarājappaṁcaviṁśati[m*] | tadātma-

⟨9⟩ jo jayasiṁha trayo6daśa | tadvai 7māturā[nu*]jaḥ kokkili[ḥ*] ṣanmāsa 8| tajyeṣṭho 9 viṣṇuvarddha-

PLATE IIa.

⟨10⟩ nassaptatriṁśataṁ | tadauraso vijayādityabhaṭṭāra aṣṭādaśa10| tatputro viṣṇurāja[ḥ*] ṣa-

⟨11⟩ ṭtriṁśataṁ | tatsūnurnnarendramṛigarāja catvā11riṁśataṁ | tatsuta[ḥ*] kaliviṣṇuvarddhanoṣṭādaśa-

⟨12⟩ māsaṁ | tattanujo guṇakenallavijayāditya catucatvā12riṁśataṁ | tadanujavikra-

⟨13⟩ mādityātmajaścālukyabhīma triṁśataṁ13| tatputro vijayāditya[ḥ*] ṣanmāsāṁ 14 [|*] ⟨Page 45⟩

⟨14⟩ tattanujommarāja[ḥ*] sapta saṁvatsar[ā*]n | tatsūnurvvijayāditya[ḥ*] pa-

⟨15⟩ kṣaṁ | tadanu tāḻa parājo māsaṁ | taṁ viniṁrjjitya cālukyabhima1[ta*]na-

⟨16⟩ yo vikramāditya[ḥ*] saṁ[va*]tsaraṁ satrikaliṁgaṁ veṁgimaṇḍalamapālayat || dvaimāturommarā-

⟨17⟩ jasya vijayādityanandana[ḥ |*] cālukyabhīmo badhnāti paṭṭamācandratārakaṁ | [2*] yastāta-

⟨18⟩ [vi]kyanākhyaṁ nvaḻa dimunniṟi va [?] rājamārttaṇḍo2ājau vijitya bāhvārggāpayati 3 ja-

PLATE IIb.

⟨19⟩ nairṇnijaṁ4janodāha(ā)raṇaṁ || merurivālaṁdhyamahimā || induri[va*] sakalakalādhā-

⟨20⟩ rassa sarvvalokāśrayaśrīviṣṇuvarddhanamahārāj[ā*]dhirājaparameśvaraparama[bha*]ṭṭā-

⟨21⟩ rakaparamabra[hmāṇyā5ka]ṇḍeṟu vāṭiviṣayanivāsino rāṣṭrakuṭa 6pramukhān kuṭiṁ-

⟨22⟩ bina ithamā7jña[ā*]payati || pānaramahīpapāvanasatyatyāgābhimāna-

⟨23⟩ śauryyanidhiḥ | madrājyarakṣaṇāṁsalabāhurvvājjaya iti kṣitīśaste-

⟨24⟩ na (|) prārtthyamānairasmābhiḥ [|*] ābharadvasukālmādivāstavyādrevaśarmmaṇaḥ [|*] de-8

⟨25⟩ ṇiyakramako jajñe vedi9vedāṁgavidvibhuḥ [|| 3*] syatre10ṇāpastaṁbaḥ 11kommaṇaḥ kulabhūṣa-

⟨26⟩ ṇaḥ | suta[ḥ*] sv(ā)bhijanastasya (|) brahmaśrībhāsvaradyutiḥ | [4*] kandamavvātmajaḥ kāntvā(ḥ) kā-

⟨27⟩ maḥ kāmadhugartthināṁ | yatsampatsarasīmetya(ḥ) viprahaṁsā vibhāntyamī | [5*]

PLATE III.

⟨28⟩ yatputrapautrāḥ paṭavo vaṭavo v(ā)ragoṣṭhiṣu | agrahārāgra[pū]j[ā*]nāmā-

⟨29⟩ pna12vanti paraṁparāṁ [|| 6*] tasme 13kommaṇakramavide sarvvakaraparihāreṇa koḍhata-

⟨30⟩ lli nāma grāmaḥ agrahārikṛitya14udakapūrvvamuttarāyaṇanimitte dattami-

⟨31⟩ ti viditamastu vaḥ [||*] yasya[ā*]vadhayaḥ purvvataḥ15

TRANSLATION.

(Verse 1.) The primeval lotus-flower, which rises from a tank (that consists of) the navel of Hari (Vishṇu), which is enlarged by a stalk (that consists of the mountain) Meru, and which is the birth-place of Aja (Brahman), is victorious for ever.

Hail! Kubja-Vishṇu, the brother of Satyāśraya, who adorned the race of the glorious Chālukyas, etc., 16 (ruled) for eighteen years.

His son Jayasiṁha (ruled) for thirty-three (years).

Vishṇuvardhana, the son of his brother Indra-rāja, (ruled) for nine (years).

His son Maṅgi-yuvarāja (ruled) for twenty-five (years).

His son Jayasiṁha (ruled) for thirteen (years).

Kokkili, his younger brother from a different mother, (ruled) for six months.

His elder brother Vishṇuvardhana (ruled) for thirty-seven (years). ⟨Page 46⟩

His legitimate son Vijayāditya-bhaṭṭāraka (ruled) for eighteen (years).

His son Vishṇu-rāja (ruled) for thirty-six (years).

His son Narendra-mṛigarāja (ruled) for forty (years).

His son Kali-Vishṇuvardhana (ruled) for eighteen months.

His son Guṇakenalla-Vijayāditya (ruled) for forty-four (years).

Chālukya-Bhīma, the son of his younger brother Vikramāditya, (ruled) for thirty (years).

His son Vijayāditya (ruled) for six months.

His son Amma-rāja (ruled) for seven years.

His son Vijayāditya (ruled) for half a month.

After him Tāḻapa-rāja (ruled) for (one) month.

Having conquered him, Vikramāditya, the son of Chālukya-Bhīma, ruled for (one) year over the country of Veṅgi together with Trikaliṅga.

(Verse 2.) Chālukya-Bhīma, the son of Vijayāditya and brother of Amma-rāja by a different mother, ties the (royal) tiara for as long a time as the moon and stars shall endure.

Having conquered in a battle with his arm Tāta-Bikyana(?) • • • , this Rājamārtaṇḍa 1 (i.e., the sun among kings) causes his fame to be sung by the people.

He who, like Meru, is possessed of insurmountable greatness, and who knows all arts (kalā), just as the (full) moon possesses all digits (kalā), this asylum of the whole world, the illustrious Vishṇuvardhana, the king of great kings, the supreme master, the supreme lord, the most pious one, thus issues his commands to the householders, (viz.) heads of provinces, etc., who inhabit the district of Kaṇḍeṟuvāṭi:—

“Be it known to you that, at the request of king Vājjaya, who purifies the Pānara princes, 2 who is a treasure-house of truthfulness, liberality, pride and heroism, and whose strong arm (is able) to protect my kingdom;”—

(Verse 3.) From Revaśarman, who dwelt at Ābharadvasukālmādi, there sprang the lord Deṇiya, who knew the kramapāṭha, the Vedas and Vedāṅgas.

(Verse 4.) His son was the noble Kommaṇa, a follower of the Āpastamba-sūtra, who adorned his race and was resplendent with holiness;

(Verse 5.) The son of Kandamavvā, (who resembled) Kāma in beauty and who fulfilled the desires of suppliants. Having approached his abundance, those brāhmaṇas are resplendent, just as swans which have entered a tank. 3

(Verse 6.) His sons and grandsons, youths who are clever in assemblies of eminent men, obtain a succession of agrahāras and of highest marks of reverence.

“To this Kommaṇa, who knows the kramapāṭha, we gave, with exemption from all taxes, the village called Koḍhatalli, making it an agrahāra, with a libation of water, on the occasion of the winter-solstice.”

The boundaries of this (village are): on the east • • • • •

⟨SIIv01p0i0038⟩ No. 38. A GRANT OF AMMA II.

Like the preceding inscription, this one was received from Mr. R. Sewell, who found it lying in the Huzūr Treasury attached to the Collector's Office, Masulipatam, and was made over to the Madras Museum. The document consists of three copper-plates with raised rims. ⟨Page 47⟩ Each plate measures 7(3/4) by 3(3/4) inches. The first and third plates are inscribed only on their inner sides, while the second one bears writing on both sides. They are all much worn, and of the third plate one entire half is lost. The plates are strung on a ring, which is (3/8) inch thick and 5 inches in diameter. The circular seal, which is attached to the ring, rests on an expanded lotus-flower and measures 2(7/8) inches in diameter. It is much corroded, but still shows distinct traces of a standing boar, which faces the right, at the top, of the legend śrītribhuvanāṁkuśa across the centre, and of a lotus-flower with eight petals [bird's-eye view] at the bottom—all in relief on a counter-sunk surface.

The document opens with the usual vaṁśāvali of the Eastern Chalukyas from Kubja-Vishṇuvardhana. The donor is Amma-rāja II. alias Vijayāditya V. (who began to reign in Śaka 867). The king addresses his order to the inhabitants of the Gudravāra-vishaya, which must be identical with the Gudrāvāra- or Gudrahāra-vishaya of other inscriptions. 1 The donee, whose name is lost, was the family priest (kulabrāhmaṇa) of the king and belonged to the Kauṇḍilya-gotra (sic). The object granted seems to have been a field, which had formerly belonged to the donee (etadīya-prāktana-kshetra), but had been taken away from him (vilupta) and was probably restored to him by the present document. The other details of the grant are lost.

TEXT.

PLATE I.

⟨1⟩ svasti [||*] śrīmatāṁ sakalabhuvanasaṁstūyamānamānavyasagotrāṇāṁ

⟨2⟩ hārītiputrāṇāṁ kauśikīvaraprasādalabdharājyānāmmātṛigaṇaparipālitā-

⟨3⟩ nāṁ svāmimahāsenapādānudhyāyināṁ bhagavannārāyaṇaprasādasa[mā]-

⟨4⟩ sāditavaravarāhalāṁchanekṣaṇavaśīkṛitārātimaṇḍalānāṁ2maśva-

⟨5⟩ medhāvabhṛithasnānapavitrīkṛitavapuṣā cālukyānāṁ kulamalaṁka[ri*]-

⟨6⟩ ṣṇossatyāśrayavallabhendrasya bhrātā kubjaviṣṇuvarddhanoṣṭādaśa varṣāṇi veṁgī-

⟨7⟩ deśamapālayat | tadātmajo [ja]yasiṁhastrayastriṁśataṁ || tadanuje-

⟨8⟩ ndrarājanandano viṣṇuvarddhano nava || [tatsū]nurmmagiyuvarājaḥ paṁcaviṁśatim [|*]

PLATE II a.

⟨9⟩ tatputro jayasiṁhastrayodaśa | tadavarajakkokkiliḥ3ṣaṇmāsān | tasya jyeṣṭho4

⟨10⟩ bhrātā viṣṇuvarddhanastamuccāṭya saptatriṁśatam | tatputro vijayādityabhaṭṭāra-

⟨11⟩ koṣṭādaśa || tatsuto viṣṇuvarddhanaṣva5ṭtriṁśatam || tatsuto vijaya[ādi*]tyanarendramṛi-

⟨12⟩ garājasoṣṭa6catvāriṁśatam || tatputraḥ kaliviṣṇuvarddhanodhyarddha-

⟨13⟩ varṣā7|| tatsuto guṇagavijayāditya catucatvā 8riṁśataṁ || ta-

⟨14⟩ dbhrāturvvikramādityabhūpateḥ vilasatkaṇṭhikādāmakaṇṭhasya tanayo ⟨Page 48⟩

⟨15⟩ nayī1| dīnānāthāturāṇāndvija[vara]samiteryyācakānāṁ yatīnānnā-

⟨16⟩ nādeśāgatānāṁ paṭuvaṭunaṭasadgāyakānāṁ kavīnāṁ [|*] bandhūnāmandha-

PLATE IIb.

⟨17⟩ [kā]nāmabhilaṣitaphalaśrāṇanādra[kṣaṇā]dyo māteva triṁśadabdānbhuvamamunagasau

⟨18⟩ [cā]rucālukyabhīmaḥ || [1*] tatputro vijayādityaṣṣaṇmāsān | tasyāmmarājaḥ sapta | tadanu tālapa-

⟨19⟩ rājo māsaṁ | tamuccāṭya cālukyabhīmātmajo vikramāditya[ḥ*] saṁvatsarān2| tadanu yuddhamalla[ḥ*] sa-

⟨20⟩ [pta |] nirjjityārjjunasannibho janapadāttannirggamayyoddhatandāyādāninabhānulīnabhagaṇākārānvidhāyeta-

⟨21⟩ [rān] | vajjrīvorjjita[nā]kamammanṛipaterbhrātā kanīyānbhuvaṁ bhīmo bhīmaparākramassama[bhu]na[k]

⟨22⟩ [saṁ]vatsarān dvādaśa || [2*] tasya maheśvaramūrtterumāsamānākṛitekku3mārābhaḥ [|*] lokamahādevyā[ḥ*] khalu

⟨23⟩ [ya]ssamabhavadammarājākhyaḥ || [3*] yasminśā4sati nṛipatau paripakvānekasasya[saṁpacchā]lī | satatapayodhe-

⟨24⟩ [nu]rabhīrnnirītiraparujni5ra 6stacoro deśaḥ || [4*] ssamasta 7bhuvanā[śraya]śrīvijayādityama[hā]rājādhirāja-

⟨25⟩ [pa]rameśvaraḥ paramabhaṭṭārakaḥ paramabrahmaṇya8gu[dravā]raviṣayanivāsino rāṣṭrakūṭṭa 9[pramukhā]-

PLATE III.

⟨26⟩ nkuṭuṁbinassamāhūyetthamājñāpayati || kanna * * * * * * * * * * *

⟨27⟩ rmmaṇaḥ10putrāya kauṇḍillyagotrāya tā11[ḻu] paṟṟu grā[ma] * * * * * * * * *

⟨28⟩ rmmābhidhānāya12matkulabrāhmaṇāya mama dharmma 13 * * * * * * * * * * *

⟨29⟩ sya vāyuvyandiśi etadīyya14prāktanakṣetraṁ vilu- 15* * * * * * * * * *

⟨30⟩ rvvakaraparihāramudakapūrvva * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

⟨31⟩ asyāvadhayaḥ pūrvvataḥ va * * * * * * * * * * * * * *

⟨32⟩ nāmagrāmasya sīmaiva sīm[ā*] | uttarataḥ ka * * * * * * * * * *

⟨33⟩ syopari na kenacidbādhā karttavyā yaḥ karoti * * * * * * * * * *

⟨34⟩ thā coktaṁ vyāsena || svāmino na paro deva i * * * * * * * * * *

⟨35⟩ * * * * * paripālakāḥ |

TRANSLATION.

Hail! Kubja-Vishṇuvardhana, the brother of Satyāśraya-Vallabhendra, who adorned the race of the glorious Chālukyas, etc., 16 ruled over the country of Veṅgī for eighteen years. ⟨Page 49⟩

His son Jayasiṁha (ruled) for thirty-three (years).

Vishṇuvardhana, the son of his younger brother Indra-rāja, (ruled) for nine (years).

His son Maṅgi-yuvarāja (ruled) for twenty-five (years).

His son Jayasiṁha (ruled) for thirteen (years).

His younger brother Kokkili (ruled) for six months.

His elder brother Vishṇuvardhana, having expelled him, (ruled) for thirty-seven (years).

His son Vijayāditya-bhaṭṭāraka (ruled) for eighteen (years).

His son Vishṇuvardhana (ruled) for thirty-six (years).

His son Vijayāditya-Narendra-mṛigarāja (ruled) for forty-eight (years).

His son Kali-Vishṇuvardhana (ruled) for one and a half years.

His son Guṇaga-Vijayāditya (ruled) for forty-four (years).

The victorious son of his brother, prince Vikramāditya, (who wore) on his neck a glittering necklace,— 1

(Verse 1.) That handsome Chālukya-Bhīma enjoyed for thirty years the earth, protecting (it) like a mother (her child), and granting the fruits of their desires to the distressed, helpless and sick, to the association of the best of twice-born, to beggars, to ascetics, to clever youths, dancers, excellent singers and poets, who had come from various countries, to his relatives and to the blind.

His son Vijayāditya (ruled) for six months.

His (son) Amma-rāja (ruled) for seven (years).

After him, Tālapa-rāja (ruled) for (one) month.

Having expelled him, Vikramāditya, the son of Chālukya-Bhīma, (ruled) for (one) year.

After him Yuddhamalla (ruled) for seven (years).

(Verse 2.) Having conquered and expelled from the country this haughty one, and having made the other heirs to assume the appearance of stars, which are absorbed in the rays of the sun, the younger brother of king Amma, (viz.) Bhīma, who resembled Arjuna, and who was possessed of terrible power, enjoyed for twelve years the earth, just as the bearer of the thunderbolt (Indra) does the great heaven.

(Verse 3.) Just as Kumāra to Maheśvara from Umā, Amma-rāja was born to him from Lokamahādevī.

(Verse 4.) While this king was ruling, the country produced an abundance of wellripened grain of various kinds, possessed cows that were continually yielding milk, and was free from fears, calamities, diseases, and thieves.

This asylum of the whole world, the illustrious Vijayāditya, the king of great kings, the supreme master, the supreme lord, the most pious one, having called together the householders, (viz.) heads of provinces, etc., who inhabit the district of Gudravāra, thus issues his commands:— * * * * * * * * * *

⟨SIIv01p0i0039⟩ No. 39. A GRANT OF VĪRA-CHOḌA.

The original of the subjoined grant belongs to the Sir W. Elliot Collection in the British Museum and was lent to me for publication by Dr. Burgess. It had been previously in the ⟨Page 50⟩ possession of the karaṇam of Chellūr, a village in the Cocanada: Tālluqa of the Godāvarī District: The grant consists of five copper-plates with raised rims. Each plate measures 5(3/4) by 10(1/4) inches. The first plate bears writing only on its inner side, while the remaining ones are inscribed on both sides. The preservation of the plates is fairly good; the fifth only is somewhat damaged. The ring, which bears the seal, has been cut. It is (5/8) inch thick and 6(1/4) inches in diameter. The well-preserved seal measures 2(5/8) inches in diameter. It rests on an expanded lotus-flower and bears in relief on a counter-sunk surface the legend śrītribhuvanāṁkuśa. Over the latter, it contains a boar, which faces the right and is surrounded by two lamp stands, two chāmaras, the sun and the moon, an elephant-goad and a conch. Below the legend, there is a drum (?), an expanded lotus-flower (bird's-eye view), an emblem resembling what Mr. Fleet supposes to be a makara-toraṇa, 1 and a svastika.

Abstracts of the present inscription have already been published by Sir W. Elliot. 2 It is the latest known document of the Eastern Chalukya a dynasty and possesses considerable interest, as it contains valuable details about the connection between the Eastern Chalukyas and the Choḷas and thus settles the dates of several kings of the last-mentioned dynasty.

The vaṁśāvali of the inscription consists of four parts:—

I. (Lines 1-16.) A genealogy of the lunar race down to Udayana, commencing with whom fifty-nine emperors are supposed to have reigned at Ayodhyā.

II. (Lines 16-28.) An account of five Early Chalukya kings, viz.:—

Vijayāditya I., killed in a battle with Trilochana-Pallava. Vishṇuvardhana, married to a Pallava princess. Vijayāditya II. Pulakeśi-Vallabha. Kīrtivarman.

III. (Lines 28-46.) The usual succession of the Eastern Chalukyas of Veṅgī from Kubja-Vishṇuvardhana to Vimalāditya.

IV. (Lines 46-78.) An account of the later Eastern Chalukyas during their connection with the Choḷas, viz.:—

The first and second parts of the vaṁśāvali need not be treated in detail, as the first is entirely mythical, and Mr. Fleet considers the second to be “a mere farrago of vague tradition and Purāṇik myths, of no authority, based on the undoubted facts that the Chalukyas did come originally from the north, and did find the Pallavas in possession of some ⟨Page 51⟩ of the territories afterwards acquired by themselves, and on a tradition of the later Kādambas that the founder of their family was named Trilochana or Trinetra.” 1

The third part of the vaṁśāvali agrees with Mr. Fleet's grants of Rājarāja I. and of Kulottuṅga-Choḍa-deva II. 2 Just as in the grant of Rājarāja I. a reign of 3 years is allotted to Dānārṇava, who is here also called Dāna-nṛipa, and an interregnum of 27 years is stated to have taken place after him. There follow the reigns of his sons Śaktivarman (12 years) and Vimalāditya (7 years). No mention is made of the Choḷa princess Kūndavā, whom the latter married according to the grant of Rājarāja I.

We now turn to the fourth part of the vaṁśāvali. The son of Vimalāditya, Rājarāja, who ruled for 41 years (line 47), married Ammaṅga-devī, the daughter of a Rājendra-Choḍa of the solar race (verse 7). Their son Rājendra-Choḍa (verse 8), Kulottuṅga-deva (verse 11) or Rājanārāyaṇa (verse 12) at first ascended the throne of Veṅgī (verse 9), conquered Kerala, Pāṇḍya, Kuṇtala and other countries (verse 10), and was anointed to the Choḍa kingdom (verse 11). He married Madhurāntakī, the daughter of a Rājendra-deva of the solar race (verse 12) and had by her seven sons (verse 13). When he rose to the Choḍa kingdom, he had given the kingdom of Veṅgī to his paternal uncle Vijayāditya (verse 14), who died after a reign of fifteen years (verse 15). Then he gave Veṅgī to his son Rājarāja (verses 13 and 16) and, when the latter had returned after one year's reign (verse 17), to Rājarāja's younger brother Vīra-Choḍa (verse 18), who was crowned at Jaganātha-nagarī 3 (verse 20) in Śaka 1001 (verse 21). As the difference between this date and Śaka 944, the date of the accession of Rājarāja I. according to Mr. Fleet's grant, is equal to the sum of the intervening reigns of Rājarāja I., Vijayāditya VI. and Rājarāja II. (41+15+1=57), it follows that Rājendra-Choḍa must have appointed Vijayāditya VI. viceroy of Veṅgī in the very year of his accession. The present grant of Vīra-Choḍa is dated in the 21st year of his reign, i.e., Śaka 1022, or 12 years before the death of his father Rājendra-Choḍa and before the accession of his elder brother Vikrama-Choḍa.

The chief importance of the Chellūr plates consists in the light, which they throw on a portion of the history of the Choḷa dynasty. The large Leyden grant and some of the Tamil inscriptions contained in the present volume mention three Western Chālukya kings, who were the antagonists of three Choḷa kings:—

1. According to the large Leyden grant, Rājarāja-deva (see Nos. 40, 41 and 66, below) conquered Satyāśraya. This was probably the Western Chālukya king Satyāśraya II. (Śaka 919 to about 930.) Consequently, Rājarāja-deva may be identified with that Rājarāja of the Sūryavaṁśa, whose daughter Kūndavā was married to the Eastern Chalukya king Vimalāditya (Śaka 937 (?) to 944). With this agrees the Koṅgu Chronicle, which places Rājarāja's reign about Śaka 926.

2. According to Nos. 67 and 68, below, Rājendra-Choḷa-deva conquered Jayasiṁha. This was the Western Chālukya king Jayasiṁha III. (about Śaka 940 to about 964), who, in one of his inscriptions, calls himself “the lion to the elephant Rājendra-Choḷa” (see the introduction to No. 67). Consequently, Rājendra-Choḷa-deva must be ⟨Page 52⟩ identified with that Rājendra-Choḍa of the Sūryavaṁśa, whose daughter Ammaṅga-devī was married to the Eastern Chalukya king Rājarāja I. (Śaka 944 to 985), and who may be the same as that Rājendra-Choḍa, whose younger sister Kūndavā was married to Vimalāditya (Śaka 937 (?) to 944). If the last identification is correct, Rājendra-Choḷa-deva would have been the son of Rājarāja-deva.

3. According to the fragmentary inscription No. 127, below, and according to an inscription at Māmallapuram, Rājendra-deva conquered Āhavamalla. This was probably the Western Chālukya king Āhavamalla II. or Someśvara I. (about Śaka 964 to about 990), who, according to inscriptions and according to the Vikramāṅkacharita, fought with the Choḷas. Consequently, Rājendra-deva may be identified with that Rājendra-deva of the Sūryavaṁśa, whose daughter Madhurāntakī was married to the Eastern Chalukya king Rājendra-Choḍa or Kulottuṅga-Choḍa-deva I. (Śaka 985 to 1034.) The inscriptions do not inform us, in what manner Rājendra-deva was related to his predecessor Rājendra-Choḷa-deva.

The subjoined table will show at a glance all supposed synchronisms:—

In order to prevent its re-occurrence, I conclude with alluding to the in all previous pedigrees of the Choḷas. This was the confounding of the two Choḷa kings Rājarāja and Rājendra-Choḷa with their Eastern Chalukya grandsons, who seem to have received their names from those of their maternal grandfathers. In reality the Eastern Chalukya king Rājarāja I. ruled only over Veṅgī. His son Rājendra-Choḍa or Kulottuṅga-Choḍa-deva I., though at first king of Veṅgī, seems to have inherited the Choḷa kingdom from his father-in-law, the Choḷa king Rājendra-deva, in Śaka 985.

After the vaṁśāvali, the subjoined inscription contains the grant itself. It is an order, which was addressed by the paramamāheśvara Vīra-Choḍa-deva (line 79), alias Vishṇuvardhana (line 78) to the inhabitants of the Guddavāṭi-vishaya 1 (line 80). In the 21st year of his reign (line 113) the king gave a village of the above-mentioned district, whose name is indistinct, but seems to have been Kolāṟu 2 (line 103), to a temple of Vishṇu at the agrahāra of Chellūru. 3 This Vishṇu temple had been founded (verse 36) by the king's senāpati (verse 30) Meḍamārya (verse 27), alias Guṇaratnabhūshaṇa (verse 29), who had also constructed a pond at the same village of Chellūru (verse 34) and founded two sattras at ⟨Page 53⟩ Drākshārāma 1 and Pīṭhapurī 2 (verse 33). He was the son of Potana of the Mudgalagotra (verse 24), who had received from Rājarāja 3 the somewhat lengthy title of Rājarāja-brahma-mahārāja (verse 25), by Kannamāmbā (verse 26). The edict ends with the statement, that its executors (ājñapti) were the five ministers (pañcha pradhānāḥ), and with the names of the composer and the writer.

TEXT.

PLATE I.

⟨1⟩ śrīdhāmnaḥ puruṣottamasya mahato nārāyaṇasya prabhornnābhīpaṁkaruhāt babhūva

⟨2⟩ jagata[ḥ*] sraṣṭā svaya4bhūstata[ḥ |*] jajñe mānasa(|)sūnuratririti yastasmānmuneratritassomo vaṁśaka-

⟨3⟩ rasmudhāṁśurudita[ḥ*] śrīkaṇṭhacūḍāmaṇiḥ [|| 1*] tasmādabhūtsudhāsūterbbudho budhanutastataḥ [|*] jātaḥ purū-

⟨4⟩ ravā nāma cakravarttī savikramaḥ || [2*] tasmādāyustato nahuṣaḥ | tato yayātiścakravarttī vaṁśakarttā[|] ta-

⟨5⟩ taḥ puruḥ tato janamejayaḥ tataḥ prācīśaḥ tatassenya5yātiḥ tato hayapatiḥ tatassārvvabhauma[ḥ*] ta-

⟨6⟩ to jayasenaḥ tato mahābhaumaḥ tasmādaiśānakaḥ tataḥ krodhānanaḥ tato devakiḥ tasmādṛibhu-

⟨7⟩ kaḥ tasmādṛikṣakaḥ tato mativarassatrayāgayājī sarasvatīnadīnāthaḥ tataḥ kātyā-

⟨8⟩ yanaḥ tato nīlaḥ tato duṣyaṁtaḥ tatsutaḥ (|) gaṁgāyamuna[ā*]tīrayadavi6cchinnānnidhāya yū-

⟨9⟩ pān kramaśaḥ kṛitvā tathāśvamedhannāma mahākarmma bharata iti yolabhata | tato bharatādbhvama-

⟨10⟩ nyuḥ | tato hastī tato virocanaḥ | tasmādajamilaḥ7tatassaṁvaraṇaḥ tatassudhanvā [|] tataḥ parikṣi-

⟨11⟩ t tato bhīmasana8stataḥ pradīpanaḥ tataśśaṁtanuḥ tato vicitravīryya[ḥ] tataḥ pāṇḍurājaḥ ta-

⟨12⟩ taḥ pāṇḍavāḥ | yenādāhi vijitya kāṇḍava9maṭho gāṇḍīvinā vajriṇaṁ yuddhe pāśupatāstrama-

⟨13⟩ [ndha]karipoścālābhi daityān bahūn [|*] iṁdrārddhāsanamadhyarohi jayinā yat kālikeyādi-

PLATE IIa.

⟨14⟩ kān hatvā svera10makāri vaṁśavipinaśchedaḥ 11kurūṇāṁ vibhoḥ | [3*] tatorjjunādabhimanyuḥ tataḥ parikṣit

⟨15⟩ tato(ḥ) janamejayaḥ tataḥ kṣemukaḥ tato naravāhanaḥ tataśśatānīkaḥ tasmādudayanaḥ tataḥprabhṛi-

⟨16⟩ tiṣvavicchinnasaṁtānapva12yodhyāsiṁhāsanāsīneṣvekānnaṣaṣṭicakravarttiṣu gateṣu tadvaṁśyo vija-

⟨17⟩ yādityo nāma rājā [|] vijigīṣayā dakṣiṇāpatha13gatvā trilocanapallavamadhikṣipya daivadurīhayā

⟨18⟩ lokāṁtaramagamat | tasmin saṁkule purohitena vṛiddhāmātyaiśca sārddhamaṁtarvvatī tasya mahādevī

⟨19⟩ muḍi14vemunāmāgrahāramupagamya tadvāstavyena viṣṇubhaṭṭasomayājinā mahāmuni-

⟨20⟩ prabhāvena15duhitṛinirvviśeṣamabhirakṣitā satī viṣṇuvarddhanannaṁdanamasūta [|*] sā ta-

⟨21⟩ sya kumārakasya mānavyasagotrahārītiputradviṁpakṣa16gotrakramocitāni karmmā-

⟨22⟩ ṇi kārayitvā tamavarddhayat | sa ca mātrā viditavṛittāṁtassannirggatya calukyagirau naṁdā17bha- ⟨Page 54⟩

⟨23⟩ gavatīṁ gaurīmārādhya kumāranārāyaṇamātṛigaṇāṁśca saṁtarppya śvetātapatraikaśaṁkhapaṁca-

⟨24⟩ mahāśabdapāliketanapratiḍakka1varāhalāṁcchanapiṁccha 2kuṁtasiṁhāsanamakaratoraṇakanakadaṇḍagaṁ-

⟨25⟩ gāyamunādīni svarula3kramāgatāni nikṣiptānīva sāmrājyacihrāni samādāya kaḍaṁbagaṁgādibhū-

⟨26⟩ mipānnirjjitya satu4narmmadāmadhyaṁ sārddhasaptalakṣaṁ dakṣiṇāpathaṁ pālayāmāsa | tasyāsīdvija-

PLATE IIb.

⟨27⟩ yādityo viṣṇuvarddhanabhūpateḥ [|*] pallavānvayajātāyā mahādevyāśca naṁdana[ḥ] | [4*] tatsutaḥ

⟨28⟩ pulakeśivallabham5tatputraḥ kīrttivarmmā tasya tanayeḥ svasti śrīmatāṁ sakalabhuvanasaṁ-

⟨29⟩ stūyamānamānavyasagotrāṇāṁ hārītiputrāṇāṁ kau[śikī]varaprasādalabdharājyānā[mmā]-

⟨30⟩ tṛigaṇaparipālitānāṁ svāmimahāsenapādānudhyātānāṁ bhagavannārāyaṇaprasādasamā-

⟨31⟩ sāditavaravarāhalācchane6kṣaṇakṣaṇavaśikṛitā 7rātimaṇḍalānāmaśvamedhāvabhṛithasnānapa-

⟨32⟩ vitrīkṛitavapuṣāṁ cālukyānāṁ kulamalaṁkariṣṇossatyāśrayavallabheṁdrasya bhrā-

⟨33⟩ tā kubjaviṣṇuvarddhanoṣṭādaśa varṣāṇi vaṁgī8deśamapālayat tadātmajo jayasi-9

⟨34⟩ havallabhastrayastriṁśatam | tadanuja idra10rājassapta dināni | tatsuto viṣṇuvarddhano nava va-

⟨35⟩ rṣāṇi | tatsūnurmmagiyuvarājaḥ paṁcaviṁśatim tatputro jayasiṁhastrayodaśa tadavarajaḥ

⟨36⟩ kokkiliṣṣaṇmāsān tasya jyeṣṭho bhrātā viṣṇuvarddhanastamuccāṭya saptatriṁśatam tatputro vija-

⟨37⟩ yādityabhaṭṭārakoṣṭādaśa | tattanujo viṣṇuvarddhana[ḥ*] ṣaṭtriṁśatam tatsuto nareṁdramṛigarājoṣṭā-

⟨38⟩ catvāriṁśataṁ tatsutaḥ kaliviṣṇuvarddhanoddhyarddhavarṣa tatsuto guṇagāṁkavijayādityaścatuśca-

⟨39⟩ tvāriṁśatam tadbhrāturvvikramādityasya tanayaścālukyabhīmastriṁśatam | tatsutaḥ kollabhigaṇḍa-

PLATE IIIa.

⟨40⟩ vijayādityaṣṣaṇmāsān | tatsutommarājassapta varṣāṇi | tatsutaṁ vijayādityaṁ bālamu-

⟨41⟩ ccāṭya tāḍape11māsamekam | taṁ jitvā cālukyabhīmasuto vikramāditya ekādaśa māsān

⟨42⟩ tattāḍaparājasuto yuddhamallassapta varṣāṇi | tamuccāṭya deśādammarājānujo rājabhī-

⟨43⟩ maḥ dvādaśa varṣāṇi tatsūnurammarājaḥ paṁcaviṁśatiṁ | tasya dvemāturo12dānanṛipastrīṇi va-

⟨44⟩ rṣāṇi taṁtassapta13viṁśativarṣāṇi daivadurīhayā veṁgīmahiranāyikābhavat | tato dāna[ā*]rṇṇavasu-

⟨45⟩ ta(ā)śśaktivarmmabhūpatirdvādaśa varṣāṇi samarakṣadurvvi14[|*] tatastadanujassapta vatsarān bhūtavatsalaḥ |

⟨46⟩ vimalādityabhūpālaḥ pālayāmāsa medīnīm15| [5*] tattanayo nayaśālī jayalakṣmīdhā-

⟨47⟩ ma rājarājanaredra16ścatvāriṁśatamabdānekaṁ ca punarmmahīmapālayadakhilāṁ | yo

⟨48⟩ rūpaṇa17ma(bha)nobhavaṁ viśadayā kāṁtyā kalānānnidhiṁ bhogenāpi puraṁdaraṁ vipulayā lakṣmyā

⟨49⟩ ca lakṣmīdharaṁ [|*] bhīmaṁ bhīmaparākrameṇa vihasan bhāti sma bhāsvadyaśā[ḥ*] śrīmatsomakuleka-18

⟨50⟩ bhūṣaṇamaṇirddīnaikaciṁtāmaṇiḥ [|| 6*] tasyāsīdapakalmaṣā sucaritairammaṁganāmrā bhuvi pra- ⟨Page 55⟩

⟨51⟩ khyātā śubhalakṣaṇaikavasatirddevī jagatpāvanī | yā jahroriva jāhravī himavato gaurīva la-

⟨52⟩ kṣmīriva kṣīrodāddivaseśavaṁśatilakādrājeṁdracoḍādabhūt | [7*] putrastayorabhavadapratighā-

PLATE IIIb.

⟨53⟩ taśaktiniśśeṣitārinivaho mahanīyakīrttiḥ | gaṁgādharādrisutayoriva kārttikeyo rājeṁdra-

⟨54⟩ coḍa iti rājakulapradīpaḥ | [8*] bhāsāmunnatihetuṁ pradhamaṁ1veṁgīśvaratvamadhyāsya [|*] yastejasā

⟨55⟩ digaṁtānākramadudayaṁ sahasraraśmiriva || [9*] udyañcaṇḍatarapratāpadahanapluṣṭākhiladve-

⟨56⟩ ṣiṇā sarvvān keralapāṇḍyakuṁtalamukhān nirjjitya deśān kramāt [|*] ājñā mauliṣu bhūbhṛitāṁ

⟨57⟩ bhayarujā citteṣu durmmedhasāṁ kīrttidikṣu2sudhāṁśudhāmadhavalā yenārppitojjṛiṁbhate | [10*] bho-

⟨58⟩ gīśābhīlabhāga3pratibhayabhujanirbbhatsanā 4tyaṁtabibhyannānābhūpālalokaprahi-

⟨59⟩ tabahuvidhānargdhyaratnābhirāmam [|*] dhatte mauliṁ parārddhyo mahati nṛipakule yaḥ kulo-

⟨60⟩ ttuṁgadevo deveṁdratvādanūne surapatimahimā coḍarājyebhiṣiktaḥ | [11*] hastabhrājitaśaṁ-

⟨61⟩ khacakrajalajaṁ yaṁ rājanārāyaṇaṁ loka stauti sa sūryyavaṁśatilakādrājeṁdradevārṇṇavā-

⟨62⟩ t [|*] saṁbhūtāmmadhurāṁtakīti viditānnāmrāpageṇa5svayaṁ lakṣmīmudvahati sma lokamahītā6

⟨63⟩ devīṁ caritronnatām | [12*] gāṁgaughā iva nirmmalāḥ kṛitatamodhvaṁsā dineśā iva kṣoṇīdhrā iva

⟨64⟩ bhūbharaśrema7sahā jātāstayostūnavaḥ [|*] tanmadhye nayavikramaikanilaya 8śrīrājarājaṁ

⟨65⟩ prati premnā9vācamimāmavocata pitā sarvvorvvarādhīśva[ra]ḥ | [13*] mayā veṁgīmahīrā-

PLATE IVa.

⟨66⟩ jyaṁ coḍarājyābhilāṣiṇā [|*] matpitṛivye purā nyastaṁ vijayādityabhūbhuji | [14*] sa ca paca-

⟨67⟩ daśābdāni paṁcānanaparākramaḥ [|*] mahīṁ rakṣanmahīnātho divaṁ devopamo gataḥ | [15*] ityuktvā tā-

⟨68⟩ ndhuraṁ dattāṁ guruṇā cakravarttinā [|*] aniṣṭatadviyogopi vinito10vahati sma saḥ | [16*] śrīpādasevāsu-

⟨69⟩ khato gurūṇānna jātu rājyaṁ sukhamityavekṣya [|*] saṁrakṣya veṁgībhuvamekamabdam bhūyassa pitro-

⟨70⟩ ragamatsamīpam | [17*] tadanujamadha11dhīraṁ vīracoḍaṁ kumāraṁ guṇamiva tanubaddhaṁ vikramaṁ cakra-

⟨71⟩ varttī [|*] udayamiva ravistvaṁ prāpya veṁgīśvatatvaṁ12vitanu śirasi pādaṁ bhūbhṛitāmityavo-

⟨72⟩ cat | [18*] ityāśiṣaṁ samadhigamya nṛipādavavadhyām13devyāstadhāgra 14janṛipadvitayāt

⟨73⟩ krameṇa [|*] ānamya tānavanatovarajaiḥ kumāra[ḥ*] sṛiṣṭa[ḥ*] svadeśagamanāya sa taiḥ kathaṁcit | [19*] śatrudhvāṁ-

⟨74⟩ tamapāsya rājanikarānācchādya dhāmrāparān durvvṛittānvinivartya bhūkarolinīṁ15kṛitvā tadhā 16 naṁdinī[m |*] ā-

⟨75⟩ rūḍho ja[bha]nātha17nāmanagarīharmmyodayādriṁ vibhurvvegībhūtalabhūṣaṇaṁ nṛipasuto bālārkka-

⟨76⟩ biṁbadyutiḥ | [20*] śākābde śaśikhadva[yeṁ]dugaṇite siṁhādhirūḍe18khau caṁdre vṛiddhimati trayodaśati-

⟨77⟩ dhau19vāre gurorvvṛiścike [|*] lagretha śravaṇe samastajagatīrājyābhiṣi[kto mudā] lokasyodva-

⟨78⟩ hati sma paṭṭamanagha[ḥ] śrīvīracoḍo nṛipaḥ | [21*] sa sarvvalokā[śrayaśrī]viṣṇuvarddhanamahārā- ⟨Page 56⟩

PLATE IVb.

⟨79⟩ jādhirājo rājaparameśvaraḥ paramamāheśvaraparamabhaṭṭārakaḥ paramabra[hmaṇyaśrīvīra]coḍadevaḥ gudda-

⟨80⟩ vāṭiviṣayanivāsino rāṣṭrakūṭapramukhān kuṭuṁbinassarvvān samāhūya [maṁ]tripurohitasenāpa-

⟨81⟩ tiyuvarājadauvārikasamakṣamitthamājñāpayati | yadhā1| pāvane brahmavaṁśebhūtparamāhādadaśanaḥ 2 [|*]

⟨82⟩ munīṁdro mudgalo nāma kṣīroda iva caṁdramāḥ | [22*] yenātakyā3nubhāvena samāhūte divākare [|*] yasya ya-

⟨83⟩ ṣṭissamādiṣṭā raviceṣṭāmaceṣṭata | [23*] āsītpavitracāritrastadnotre gotravarddhanaḥ [|*] diśo nijayaśodhāmnā dyo-

⟨84⟩ tayan potanāhvayaḥ | [24*] guṇādhiko guṇajñena rājarājādhipena yaḥ [|*] rājarājabrahmamahārājanāmrā

⟨85⟩ stuto mudā | [25*] tasya puṇyanidheḥ patnī kannamāṁbā jagannutā [|*] atrerivānasūyāsīdanasūya[ā*]-

⟨86⟩ guṇonnatā | [26*] sutamiva vasudevāddevakī vāsudevaṁ guhamiva girikanyā naṁdanaṁ caṁdramauleḥ [|*]

⟨87⟩ atha tanayamasūta śrinidhiṁ4sā ca tasmādakhilavibudhasaṁghairīḍitammeḍamāryyam [|| 27*] uddāmadhā-

⟨88⟩ mavimalīkṛitadigvibhāge nityodayasthitimati pravikāsipadma5[|*] yatrodite nikhilabandhukulāni lakṣmīra-

⟨89⟩ dhyāsta vārijavanāni vivasvatīva | [28*] yasminnāśrīta6vatsale kṛitayugācāraikadhīre sthitiṁ bibhrāṇā guṇaratnabhū-

⟨90⟩ ṣaṇa iti prakhyātanāmni svayaṁ [|*] satyatyāgaparākramaprabhṛitayassaṁbhūya sarvve guṇā varddhate

⟨91⟩ guṇarāśilopanipuṇaṁ nirjjitya kālaṁ kalim | [29*] dhiro7nityānurakto dṛiḍa 8niśitamatirbrahmavaṁśapradīpo

⟨92⟩ lakṣmībhūriddhatejā nayavinayanidhiśśāstraśastrapravīṇaḥ [|*] mānyaśśeleṁdra9sārasthira iti ca mayā sāda-

⟨93⟩ raṁ saprasādaṁ senā10patyebhiṣikto vahati janamude paṭṭamāropitaṁ yaḥ | [30*] śuśrūṣayā gurujanaṁ-11

PLATE Va.

⟨94⟩ ccaritena lokammā[nena ba]ndhujanamiṣṭadhanena śiṣṭān [|*] yo māmma[dīya]ni[khi]la[kṣi]tirājyabhārakṣāṁtyābhinaṁda-

⟨95⟩ yati bhakti12bhareṇa śau[riṁ] [|| 31*] [yasya] prāṁgaṇabhūmiṣu pratidinaṁ prakṣālyamānāmitakṣoṇīdevasamūhapādha- 13 vigaladvāripra-

⟨96⟩ vāhaiśśubhaiḥ [|*] śaśva[nmārggasa]hasrapūribhiraho gaṁgāpravāhā jitā deveṣvanyatamasya pādagalitā mārggatrayāyāsitā[ḥ || 32*]

⟨97⟩ | dākṣārāme14pāvane puṇyabhājā puṇyakṣetre pīdhapuryyāṁ 15 ca yena [|*] bhoktuṁ prītyā pratyahaṁ 16 brāhmaṇānāmākalpāṁttaṁ kalpi-

⟨98⟩ taṁ satrayugmaṁ | [33*] cellūrunāmaprathitābhirāmaśiṣṭāgrahārottaradigvibhāge [|*] mahattaṭākaṁ17mmadhurāṁbupūrṇṇama-

⟨99⟩ cīkaradyaḥ karuṇārasātmā | [34*] viprairagastyapratimairasaṁkhyairnnityopabhogyena śaśiprabheṇa [|*] yadvāriṇābdhiṁ hasatīva bhū-

⟨100⟩ yo niśśeṣapītaṁ kalaśodbhavena | [35*] mahaujasā tena mahāmahimnā grāmasya tasyāparadigvibhāge [|*] nirmmāpitaṁ dharmma- ⟨Page 57⟩

⟨101⟩ parāyaṇena viṣṇogṛihaṁ1vaiṣṇavapuṁgavaina 2 | [36*] samunnate caṁdramarīcigaure lakṣmīnivāse nayanābhirāme [|*]

⟨102⟩ tatrāvirāsītsvayameve3devo lakṣmīpatirllakṣitaśaṁkhacakra[ḥ*] | [37*] tasmai śrīviṣṇubhaṭṭārakāya pratyahaṁ caruba-

⟨103⟩ lipūjārtthaṁ khaṇḍaspudīta4navakarmmārtthaṁ ca bhavadviṣaye[ kolāṟu nāma grāmassarvvakaraparihāreṇa]

⟨104⟩ [devabhogīkṛitya udakapūrvvakaṁ datta iti viditamastu vaḥ asya grāmasya sīmānaḥ pūrvvataḥ ku]

⟨105-108⟩ illegible.

⟨109⟩ * * * * * * * * * * sīmā || asyopari na kenacidba[ā*]dhā ka[rttavyā | yaḥ karo]ti sa

PLATE Vb.

⟨110⟩ paṁcamahāpātakayukto bhavati | tathā coktaṁ bhagavatā vyāsena | svadattāṁ paradattā5[vā yo hare]ta va-

⟨111⟩ sundharāṁ [|*] ṣaṣṭiṁ varṣasahasrāṇi viṣṭhāyāṁ jāyate krimiḥ | gāmekāṁ svarṇṇamekaṁ vā [bhūmerapyeka]maṁgu-

⟨112⟩ laṁ | harannarakamāpnoti yāvadābhūtasaṁplavaṁ | bahubhirvvasudhā dattā bahubhi[ścānupā]litā | yasya

⟨113⟩ yasya yadā bhūmistasya tasya tadā phalaṁ | śrīvijayarājyasaṁvatsare ekaviṁśe dattasyāsya

⟨114⟩ śāsanasyājñaptiḥ paṁca pradhānāḥ kāvyakarttā viddayabhaṭṭaḥ lekhakaḥ pennācāriḥ ||

TRANSLATION.

(Verse 1.) From the lotus-flower, (which rose) from the navel of the abode of Śrī, the supreme spirit, the great lord Nārāyaṇa (Vishṇu), there was born Svayaṁbhū (Brahman), the creator of the world. From him there sprang a spiritual son, called Atri. From this saint Atri there arose Soma, the founder of a race, the nectar-rayed, the crest-jewel of Śrīkaṇṭha (Śiva).

(Verse 2.) From this producer of nectar there sprang Budha, who was praised by the wise. From him there was begot a valorous emperor called Purūravas.

(Line 4.) From him (came) Āyu; from him Nahusha; from him the emperor Yayāti, the founder of a race; from him Puru; from him Janamejaya; from him Prāchīśa; from him Sainyayāti; from him Hayapati; from him Sārvabhauma; from him Jayasena; from him Mahābhauma; from him Aiśānaka; from him Krodhānana; from him Devaki; from him Ṛibhuka; from him Ṛikshaka; from him Mativara, the performer of great sacrifices and lord of the Sarasvatī river; from him Kātyāyana; from him Nīla; from him Dushyanta. His son was he who, having placed sacrificial posts in an uninterrupted line on the banks of the Gaṅgā and Yamunā, and having successively performed the great rite (called) horse-sacrifice, obtained the name of Bharata. From this Bharata (came) Bhūmanyu; from him Hastin; from him Virochana; from him Ajamīḷha; from him Saṁvaraṇa; from him Sudhanvan; from him Parikshit; from him Bhīmasena; from him Pradīpana; from him Śaṁtanu; from him Vichitravīrya; from him Pāṇḍurāja; from him the Pāṇḍavas.

(Verse 3.) (From) that victorious bearer of (the bow) gāṇḍīva, who, having conquered (Indra) the bearer of the thunderbolt, burnt the hermitage in the Khāṇḍava (forest), who acquired the weapon of Paśupati (Śiva) in battle from (Śiva) the enemy of Andhaka, who, having killed Kālikeya and many other Daityas, partook of one half of Indra's throne, and who wilfully destroyed the forest-like race of the lord of the Kurus;— ⟨Page 58⟩

(Line 14.) From that Arjuna (came) Abhimanyu; from him Parikshit; from him Janamejaya; from him Kshemuka; from him Naravāhana; from him Śatānīka; from him Udayana. When, commencing with him, fifty-nine emperors, whose succession was uninterrupted, and who sat on the throne of Ayodhyā, had passed away, a king of this race, Vijayāditya by name, went to the Dekhan (Dakshiṇāpatha), in order to conquer (it) and attacked Trilochana-Pallava, (but) through ill-luck he went to another world. During this battle, his great queen, who was pregnant, reached together with the family-priest and the old ministers an agrahāra called Muḍivemu, and, being protected like a daughter by Vishṇubhaṭṭa-somayājin, a great ascetic, who dwelt there, she gave birth to a son, Vishṇuvardhana. She brought him up, having caused to be performed for this prince the rites, which were suitable to (his) descent from the double gotra of those, who belonged to the gotra of the Mānavyas and were the sons of Hāritī. 1 And he, having been told the (above-mentioned) events by his mother, went forth, worshipped Nandā, the blessed Gaurī, on the Chalukya mountain, appeased Kumāra (Skanda), Nārāyaṇa (Vishṇu) and the assemblage of (divine) mothers, assumed the insignia of sovereignty which had descended (to him) by the succession of his race, (but) which had been, as it were, laid aside, (viz.) the white parasol, the single conch, the five mahāśabdas, the flags in rows, 2 the pratiḍhakkā (drum), the sign of the boar, the peacock's tail, the spear, the throne, the arch (in the shape) of a makara, 3 the golden sceptre, (the signs of) the Gaṅgā and Yamunā, etc., conquered the Kaḍamba, the Gaṅga and other princes, and ruled over the Dekhan (Dakshiṇāpatha), (which is situated) between the bridge (of Rāma) and the (river) Narmadā (and the revenue from which amounts to) seven and a half lakshas. 4

(Verse 4.) The son of this king Vishṇuvardhana and of (his) great queen, who was born from the Pallava race, was Vijayāditya.

(Line 27.) His son was Pulakeśi-Vallabha. His son was Kīrtivarman. His son,—Hail! Kubja-Vishṇuvardhana, the brother of Satyāśraya-Vallabhendra, who adorned the race of the glorious Chālukyas, etc., 5 ruled for eighteen years over the country of Veṅgī; his son Jayasiṁha-Vallabha for thirty-three (years); his younger brother Indra-rāja for seven days; his son Vishṇuvardhana for nine years; his son Maṅgi-yuvarāja for twenty-five (years); his son Jayasiṁha for thirteen (years); his younger brother Kokkili for six months; his elder brother Vishṇuvardhana, having expelled him, for thirty-seven (years); his son Vijayāditya-bhaṭṭāraka for eighteen (years); his son Vishṇuvardhana for thirty-six (years); his son Narendra-mṛigarāja for forty-eight (years); his son Kali-Vishṇuvardhana for one and a half years; his son Guṇagāṅka-Vijayāditya for forty-four (years); Chālukya-Bhīma, the son of his brother Vikramāditya, for thirty (years); his son Kollabhigaṇḍa-Vijayāditya for six months; his son Amma-rāja for seven years; having expelled his infant son Vijayāditya, Tāḍapa (ruled) for one month; having conquered him, Vikramāditya, the son of Chālukya-Bhīma, (ruled) for eleven months; then Yuddhamalla, the son of Tāḍaparāja, for seven years; having expelled him from the country, Rāja-Bhīma, the younger ⟨Page 59⟩ brother of Amma-rāja, (ruled) for twelve years; his son Amma-rāja for twenty-five (years); Dāna-nṛipa, his brother from a different mother, for three years. Then the country of Veṅgī was through ill-luck without a ruler for twenty-seven years. Then king Śaktivarman, the son of Dānārṇava, ruled over the earth for twelve years.

(Verse 5.) Then his younger brother, king Vimalāditya, who was kind to (all) beings, ruled over the earth for seven years.

(Line 46.) His son, king Rājarāja, who possessed political wisdom, and who was the abode of the goddess of victory, ruled over the whole earth for forty-one years.

(Verse 6.) He whose fame was brilliant, who was the only jewel which adorned the glorious race of the moon, and who was the only jewel which fulfilled the desires of the distressed, surpassed Cupid by his beauty, the moon by his pure splendour, Puraṁdara (Indra) by his possessions, (Vishṇu) the bearer of Lakshmī by his great prosperity, and Bhīma by his terrible power.

(Verse 7.) He had a spotless queen, Ammaṅga by name, who was famed on earth by her good deeds, who was the only abode of lucky marks, who purified the world, and who sprang from Rājendra-Choḍa, the ornament of the race of the sun, just as Gaṅgā from Jahnu, Gaurī from Himavat and Lakshmī from the milk-ocean.

(Verse 8.) Just as (Śiva) the bearer of Gaṅgā and (Pārvatī) the daughter of the mountain had a son called Kārttikeya, these two had a son called Rājendra-Choḍa, who annihilated the multitude of his enemies by his irresistible power, whose fame was worthy of praise, and who was the light of the warrior-caste. 1

(Verse 9.) Having at first occupied the throne of Veṅgī, (which became) the cause of the rising of (his) splendour, just as the sun at morn occupies the eastern mountain, he conquered (all) quarters with his power.

(Verse 10.) Having burnt all foes with the rising and fierce fire of his valour, and having successively conquered Kerala, Pāṇḍya, Kuntala and all other countries, he placed his commands on the heads of princes, the pain of fear in the hearts of fools and his fame, which was as white as the rays of the moon, in (all) quarters.

(Verse 11.) Kulottuṅga-deva, the most eminent of the great warrior-caste, whose might resembled that of the king of the gods (Indra), was anointed to the Choḍa kingdom, which was not inferior to the kingdom of the gods, and put on the tiara, embellished with invaluable gems of many kinds, which had been sent by various kings, who were exceedingly afraid of the threatening of his arms, which were as formidable as the terrible coils of the serpent-king.

(Verse 12.) He in whose hands the conch, the discus and the lotus were shining, and whom (therefore) the world praised as Rājanārāyaṇa (i.e., a Vishṇu among kings), married (as it were) Lakshmī (the wife of Vishṇu) herself, who was known by her other name, viz., Madhurāntakī, and who (just as the goddess Lakshmī) from the ocean, arose from Rājendra-deva, the ornament of the race of the sun, a queen who was praised in the world and exalted by her deeds.

(Verse 13.) To these two there were born (seven) sons, who were as pure as the (seven) streams of the Gaṅgā, who, like the (seven) Ādityas, had destroyed the darkness (of sin), and who, like the (seven) mountains, were able (to undergo) the fatigue of supporting the earth. ⟨Page 60⟩ To (one) among these, the illustrious Rājarāja, who was the joint abode of polity and valour, (his) father, the lord of the whole earth, affectionately addressed the following speech:—

(Verse 14.) “Being desirous of the Choḍa kingdom, I formerly conferred the kingdom of the country of Veṅgī on my paternal uncle, king Vijayāditya.”

(Verse 15.) “Having ruled over the country for fifteen years, this god-like prince, who resembled the five-faced (Śiva) in power, has gone to heaven.”

(Verse 16.) This obedient one (viz., Rājarāja) took up that burden, (viz., the kingdom of Veṅgī,) which the emperor, (his) father, gave him with these words, though he did not like the separation from him.

(Verse 17.) “The kingdom is not such a pleasure as the worship of the illustrious feet of the elders”; considering thus, he returned to his parents, after having ruled over the country of Veṅgī for one year.

(Verse 18.) Then the emperor spoke to his (viz., Rājarāja's) younger brother, the brave prince Vīra-Choḍa, who seemed to be an incarnation of the quality (of) valour: “Having ascended the throne of Veṅgī, place thy feet on the heads of (other) kings, just as the sun, having ascended the eastern mountain, places his rays on the peaks of (other) mountains.”

(Verse 19.) Thus having successively obtained the powerful blessing of the king, of the queen and of his two elder brothers, having bowed to these and having been bowed to by his younger brothers, 1 the prince was with difficulty prevailed upon by them to start for his country.

(Verse 20.) Having driven away his enemies, having eclipsed with his splendour the other crowds of kings, having stopped the wicked and having made the earth rejoice, the lord, the ornament of the country of Veṅgī, the king's son ascended (his) palace in the town called Jaganātha, resembling the disk of the morning-sun, who, having driven away the darkness, having eclipsed with his splendour the other crowds of stars, 2 having stopped the wicked, and having made the lotus-group blossom, ascends the eastern mountain.

(Verse 21.) In the Śāka year, which is reckoned by the moon, the pair of ciphers and the moon, (i.e., 1001,) while the sun stood in the lion, while the moon was waxing, on the thirteenth lunar day, on a Thursday, while the scorpion was the lagna and in (the nakshatra) Śravaṇa, having been anointed to the kingdom of the whole earth, the sinless king, the illustrious Vīra-Choḍa, joyfully put on the tiara of the world.

(Line 78.) This asylum of the whole world, the illustrious Vishṇuvardhana, the king of great kings, the supreme master of kings, the devout worshipper of Maheśvara, the supreme lord, the most pious one, the illustrious Vīra-Choḍa-deva, having called together all householders, (viz.) heads of provinces, etc., who inhabit the district of Guddavāṭi, thus issues his commands in the presence of the ministers, the family priest, the commander of the army, the heir-apparent and the door-keeper:—

(Verse 22.) Just as the moon in the milk-ocean, there was in the pure race of Brahman a chief of ascetics, called Mudgala, whose appearance was extremely gladdening.

(Verse 23.) When he, whose power was incomprehensible, had invited the sun, his staff performed the action of the sun at his command. ⟨Page 61⟩

(Verse 24.) In his gotra there was a certain Potana, whose deeds were pure, who made his gotra prosper and who illuminated the quarters with the splendour of his fame.

(Verse 25.) This virtuous one was joyfully praised by the lord Rājarāja, who knew (how to appreciate) virtues, by the name of Rājarāja-brahma-mahārāja (i.e., the great king of the brāhmaṇas of Rājarāja).

(Verse 26.) Just as the wife of Atri was Anasūryā, the wife of this treasure-house of merit was Kannamāmbā, who was praised in the world, and who was exalted by the virtue of freedom from envy (anasūyā).

(Verse 27.) Just as Devakī bore from Vasudeva a son called Vāsudeva (Kṛishṇa), and just as the mountain-daughter (Pārvatī) bore from the moon-crested (Śiva) a son called Guha, thus she bore from him a son called Meḍamārya, who was a treasure-house of prosperity, and who was praised by all the assemblies of wise men (or gods).

(Verse 28.) After he was born, prosperity dwelt on all the crowds of his relatives, just as on the groups of lotus-flowers at the rising of the sun; for (like the sun) he purified the quarters with his unrestrained splendour, was daily in the state of rising and was possessed of a blossoming lotus (-face).

(Verse 29.) Having conquered the kali-age which is skilled in plundering heaps of virtues,—all virtues, (viz.) truthfulness, liberality, prowess, etc., prosper, abiding jointly in him, who is kind to refugees, who is alone constant in a conduct (which is worthy) of the kṛita-age, and who is famed by the name of Guṇaratnabhūshaṇa (i.e., he who is adorned with jewel-like virtues).

(Verse 30.) Because he was firm, always attached, of strong and sharp mind, a light of the race of Brahman, an abode of prosperity, possessed of blazing splendour, a treasurehouse of polity and modesty, skilled in sciences and in weapons, worthy of honour and as hard as the substance of the king of mountains, he was respectfully and graciously anointed by me to the dignity of a commander of the army (senāpati) and wears the tiara which was placed (on his head) to the delight of the people.

(Verse 31.) He delights his elders by obedience, the world by his conduct, his relations by respect, the good by the riches which they desire, myself by his patience in bearing my kingdom of the whole earth and Śauri (Vishṇu) by great devotion.

(Verse 32.) Ah! the auspicious streams of water, which drop from the feet of innumerable crowds of earth-gods (i.e., brāhmaṇas), who daily perform their ablutions in his courtyards, and which continually fill thousands of paths, surpass the streams of the Gaṅgā, which drop from the feet of one of the gods (viz., Vishṇu), and which are tired of their three paths (viz., heaven, earth and the lower world).

(Verse 33.) At holy Drākshārāma and at the sacred place of Pīṭhapurī, this charitable one joyfully founded two sattras for brāhmaṇas, in order that they might daily enjoy their meals (there) till the end of the kalpa.

(Verse 34.) On the north side of a lovely agrahāra of good people, which is famed by the name of Chellūru, he whose mind is full of compassion caused to be constructed a large pond which is filled with sweet water.

(Verse 35.) By its water, which glitters like the moon, and which is daily enjoyed by numberless brāhmaṇas who resemble Agastya, this (pond) repeatedly laughs, as it were, at the ocean, which was completely drunk up by the pitcher-born (Agastya).

(Verse 36.) On the west side of that village, this powerful, mighty and charitable chief of the Vaishṇavas caused to be built a temple of Vishṇu. ⟨Page 62⟩

(Verse 37.) In this lofty (temple), which is as white as the rays of the moon, which is the abode of splendour (or Lakshmī) and which pleases the eye, the god himself, who is the husband of Lakshmī, made his appearance, his conch and discus being distinctly visible.

(Line 102.) “Be it known to you, that to this blessed lord Vishṇu (I) gave for the daily (performance of) charu, bali and pūjā and for the repairs of gaps and cracks [the village called Kolāṟu] in your district [with exemption from all taxes, making it the property of the temple, with a libation of water.]”

(Line 104.) [The boundaries of this village are:—on the east • • • • • ]

(Line 109.) Nobody shall cause obstruction to this (grant). He who does it, becomes possessed of the five great sins. And the holy Vyāsa has said: [Here follow three of the customary imprecatory verses.]

(Line 113.) The executors (ājñapti) of this edict (śāsana), which was given in the twentyfirst year of the glorious and victorious reign, (were) the five ministers (pañcha pradhānāḥ). The author of the poetry (was) Viddaya-bhaṭṭa. The writer (was) Pennāchāri. ⟨Page 63⟩

⟨SIIv01p0i0040⟩ No. 40. ON THE SOUTH BASE OF THE SHORE TEMPLE.

This inscription is dated in the twenty-fifth year of Ko-Rājarāja-Rājakesarivarman, alias Rājarāja-deva. It states, that the king “built a jewel-like hall at Kāndaḷūr,” and then gives a list of the countries, which he is said to have conquered. Among them Veṅgai-nāḍu is the well-known country of Veṅgī; Gaṅga-pāḍi and Nuḷambapāḍi are found on Mr. Rice's Map of Mysore; 1 Kuḍamalai-nāḍu, “the western hillcountry,” is Coorg; Kollam is Quilon; Kaliṅgam is the country between the Godāvarī and Mahānadī rivers; Īṛa-maṇḍalam is Ceylon; Iraṭṭa-pāḍi is the Western Chālukyan empire; 2 and the Śeṛiyas are the Pāṇḍyas. I have been unable to identify Taḍigaipāḍi.

Sir Walter Elliot's and Dr. Burnell's tentative lists of Choḷa kings 3 contain a king Rājarāja, who reigned from 1023 to 1064 A.D. These figures rest on three Eastern Chalukya grants, of which two have since been published by Mr. Fleet and one has been edited and translated above (No. 39). From these three grants it appears, that the Rājarāja, who reigned from Śaka 944 to 985, was not a Choḷa king, but a king of Veṅgī, and that his insertion in the list of Choḷa kings was nothing but a mistake.

The historical portion of the subjoined inscription is almost identical with lines 166 to 173 of the large Leyden grant 4 and must belong to the same king. The Leyden grant states that Rājarāja conquered Satyāśraya (line 65). This name was borne as a surname by no less than six of the carlier Western Chalukya kings and was also the name of one of the later Western Chālukyas. From certain unpublished inscriptions of the Tanjore Temple it can be safely inferred, that Rājarāja-deva was the predecessor of Rājendra-Choḷadeva, the enemy of the Western Chālukya king Jayasiṁha III., who ruled from about Śaka 944 to about 964. 5 Hence the Satyāśraya mentioned in the Leyden grant might be identified with the Western Chālukya king Satyāśraya II., who ruled from Śaka 919 to about 930; 6 and the Choḷa king Rājarāja, who issued the large Leyden grant and the inscriptions Nos. 40, 41 and 66 of the present volume, with that Rājarāja of the Sūryavaṁśa, whose daughter Kūndavā was married to the Eastern Chalukya king Vimalāditya, 7 who reigned from Śaka 937 (?) to 944. As Rājarāja-deva boasts in his inscriptions of having conquered Veṅgai-nāḍu, the country of the Eastern Chalukyas, this marriage was probably a forced one and the result of his conquest of Vimalāditya. 8 The ⟨Page 64⟩ identification of the Rājarāja-deva of the Leyden grant and of Nos. 40, 41 and 66 with the father of Kūndavā is confirmed by the Koṅgu Chronicle, where some of his charities are placed in Śaka 926. 1 The Koṅgu Chronicle further suggests the probability of identifying Kāndaḷūr, where Rājarāja-deva built a hall (śālā), with Chidambaram, as it records that “he enlarged the temples at Chidambaram and erected all kinds of towers, walls, maṇḍapas, flights of steps, etc., and other matters.”

From this and the next-following inscription we learn that Māmallapuram belonged to Āmūr-nāḍu, 2 a division of Āmūr-koṭṭam, and that the name of the Shore Temple was Jalaśayana. The purport of the inscription is a new division of the land of the town of Māmallapuram, which had been agreed upon by the citizens.

TEXT.

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī [||*] tirumakaḷ po-

⟨2⟩ lapperu nilaccelvi[yu]ntaṉakke-

⟨3⟩ yuri[m]ai pūṇ[ṭa]mai maṉa[kk]oḷakkā-

⟨4⟩ ntaḷuṟcālai kalamaṟut[taruḷi] veṅkai-

⟨5⟩ nāṭuṅ[ka]ṅkapāṭiyu[nuḷa]mpapāṭiyu[nta]-

⟨6⟩ ṭikaipāṭiyuṅkuṭama[lai]ñāṭuṅkol-

⟨7⟩ lamuṅkaliṅkamum eṇṭicai pukaḻ tara

⟨8⟩ īḻamaṇṭalamum iraṭṭapāṭi eḻaraiyila-

⟨9⟩ kkamuntiṇṭiṟal veṉṟittaṇṭāṟko-

⟨10⟩ ṇṭa taṉneḻil vaḷa[ru]ḻiyuḷellāyā-

⟨11⟩ ṇṭuntoḻutaka viḷaṅkum yāṇṭe ceḻi-

⟨12⟩ yarai tecu koḷ śrīkorājarājarāja-

⟨13⟩ kesarivarmmarāṉa śrīrājarājadevaṟku yā-

⟨14⟩ ṇṭu irupattaiñcāvatu [|*] āmu[rk]ko-

⟨15⟩ ṭṭam vakai ceykiṉṟa [pu]tukkuṭai-

⟨16⟩ yāṉ ekatiraṉ aiyampatiṉ maṉnakara-

⟨17⟩ māmallapurattu jalaśayaṉadevar te-

⟨18⟩ ṟkkil tirunantāvaṉatte iruk[ka] iṉna-

⟨19⟩ karattu nakarattomum periḷamaiyo-

⟨20⟩ mum emmilicaintu ceyta vyavastai-

⟨21⟩ yāvatu [||*] emmur nirnilamum veṇṇi-

⟨22⟩ lamum toṭṭanilamum kollainilamu-

⟨23⟩ m iṟainilamāmacceppeṟpaṭṭatu-

⟨24⟩ m nūṟu ma[ṉai]kkiḻ nā[l kūṟā]ka aṭai-

⟨25⟩ ppatākavum [|*] ippa[ri]cu aṭaiccu n[ā]-

⟨26⟩ lu kūṟiṭṭa oru kūṟu innakarattu ka[ṭu]-

⟨27⟩ mpiṭukucericcaṅkarappāṭiyā[rk]-

⟨28⟩ ku irupattaiñcu maṉaikku kūṟāva-

⟨29⟩ tākavum [|*] niṉṟa muṉṟu kūṟum eḻu-

⟨30⟩ pattaiñcu maṉaikkiḻ [kū]ṟāvatā- ⟨Page 65⟩

⟨31⟩ kavum [|*] kūṟiṭṭa parice maṉaiyum nilamu-

⟨32⟩ m viṟkkavum oṟṟivaikkavum dharmma-

⟨33⟩ [d]āṉañceyya peṟuvatākavum [|*] ni-

⟨34⟩ lamum maṉaiyum kū[ṟaṭai]t[ta] pari[c]e

⟨35⟩ [la]kṣaṇañceytu kuṭuppatākavu-

⟨36⟩ m [|*] muṉpuḷḷa lakṣaṇañc[āṅkam ki]-

⟨37⟩ ḻivatākavum [|*] kūṟaṭaitta nilaṅka-

⟨38⟩ ḷil niṉṟa palluruvil pa[ḻa]maraṅka-

⟨39⟩ ḷ avvavakūṟuṭaiyāṉe peṟu-

⟨40⟩ vāṉākavum [|*] mañcikkattil niṉṟa-

⟨41⟩ ṉa nūṟu maṉaikkuṅkū[ṟā]vatākavum [|*]

⟨42⟩ nilamiṉṟiye patiṉāṟu vayasiṉ

⟨43⟩ mel viyāpārañceytiruppārai

⟨44⟩ araikkaḻañcu poṉṉum kūli-

⟨45⟩ kkucceytiruppārai araikkā-

⟨46⟩ l poṉṉum e-

⟨47⟩ ruṭaiyarāy va-

⟨48⟩ ricaikku muvārai-

⟨49⟩ kkālppoṉṉu-

⟨50⟩ m āṇṭu varai-

⟨51⟩ kkoḷvatākavum [|*]

⟨52⟩ ipparicu aṉṟe-

⟨53⟩ ṉṟārai me[l] ve-

⟨54⟩ ṟu irupattaiṅkaḻañcu poṉ daṇ-

⟨55⟩ ṭaṅkoḷvatākavum [|*] ipparicu em-

⟨56⟩ millicaintu vyavastai ceyto-

⟨57⟩ m nakarattomum periḷamaiyo-

⟨58⟩ mum [||*] ipparicu nakarattārum periḷa-

⟨59⟩ maiyāruñcolla eḻutiṉeṉ

⟨60⟩ iṉṉakarattu karaṇattāṉ tiruva-

⟨61⟩ ṭikaḷ maṇi kaṇṭa ṉāṉ tiruveḷaṟai

⟨62⟩ muvāyirattueḻunūṟṟuvaṉeṉ [|*] i-

⟨63⟩ vai eṉṉeḻuttu [||*]

TRANSLATION.

Hail! Prosperity! In the twenty-fifth year of (the reign of) the illustrious Ko-Rājarāja-Rājakesarivarman, alias the illustrious Rājarāja-deva, who,—while both the goddess of fortune and the great goddess of the earth, who had become his exclusive property, gave him pleasure,—was pleased to build a jewel (-like) hall (at) Kāndaḷūr and conquered by his army, which was victorious in great battles, Veṅgai-nāḍu, Gaṅgapāḍi, Nuḷamba-pāḍi, Taḍigai-pāḍi, Kuḍamalai-nāḍu, Kollam, Kaliṅgam, Īṛamaṇḍalam, which is famed in the eight quarters, and Iraṭṭa-pāḍi, (the revenue from which amounts to) seven and a half lakshas; who,—while his beauty was increasing, and while he was resplendent (to such an extent) that he was always worthy to be worshipped,—deprived the Śeṛiyas of their splendour,—We, the middle-aged citizens of this town, unanimously made the following contract, while assembled in the tirunandāvana to the south of (the temple of) ⟨Page 66⟩ Jalaśayana-deva at Māmallapuram, the chief town of the fifty (villages called after) Pudukkuḍaiyāṉ Ekadhīra, 1 which form part of Āmūr-koṭṭam.

(Line 21.) The wet land, white (?) land, garden land, dry land and all other 2 taxable (?) land of our town shall be divided into four lots of one hundred maṉais. 3 One lot of (the land), which has been divided into four lots according to this contract, 4 shall be a lot of twenty-five maṉais (which belongs) to the inhabitants of (the quarter of) Ka[ḍu]mbiḍugu-śeri (alias) Śaṁkara-pāḍi of this town. The remaining three lots shall be a lot of seventy-five maṉais. The maṉais (of) the land (included in) the contract of division into lots may be sold, mortgaged, or used for meritorious gifts; (but) the maṉais (of) the land shall be given away as defined by the contract of the division into lots. The previous definition shall be wholly cancelled. The fruit-trees, which stand in the various parts of the lands divided into lots, shall be enjoyed by the owner of the respective lot. Those (trees) which stand on the causeways between the rice-fields, 5 shall belong to (the whole of) the hundred maṉais. Among those who are without land and are over the age of sixteen,—from those who are engaged in trade half a kaṛañju of gold (poṉ), from those who work for hire one-eighth of a poṉ and for (each) turn as ploughmen (?) three-eighths of a poṉ shall be taken at the end of the year. From those who do not submit to this contract, further twenty-five kaṛañjus of gold shall be taken besides as a fine. We, the middle-aged citizens of the town, have unanimously established this contract.

(Line 58.) I, Tiruveḷaṟai Muvāyirattu-eṛunūṟṟuvaṉ, the karaṇam of this town, who worships the holy feet (of the god), wrote this contract according to the orders of the middle-aged citizens. This is my signature.

⟨SIIv01p0i0041⟩ No. 41. ON THE NORTH BASE OF THE SHORE TEMPLE.

The historical-part of this inscription is identical with that of the preceding one; its date is the twenty-sixth year of Ko-Rājarāja-Rājakesarivarman, alias Rāja-Rājarāja-deva.

The inscription, which is unfortunately mutilated, mentions three temples, two of which were called after and consequently built by Pallava kings. The first of these two is Jalaśayana or Kshatriyasiṁha-Pallava-Īśvara-deva. That Jalaśayana was the name of the Shore Temple itself, appears clearly from the inscription No. 40. The second name for it, which is furnished by the present inscription, proves that the Shore Temple was a foundation of a Pallava king Kshatriyasiṁha. The second temple mentioned in the subjoined inscription is Rājasiṁha-Pallava-Īśvara-deva, which, as appears from one of the Kāñchīpuram inscriptions (No. 24, verse 10), was the original name of the Kailāsanātha Temple at Kāñchī. The name of the third temple, Paḷḷikoṇḍaruḷiya-deva, (literally: “the god who is pleased to sleep”) may perhaps refer to the Śrīraṅganāyaka Temple at Paḷḷikoṇḍa near Viriñchipuram and would then explain the origin of the name Paḷḷikoṇḍa. ⟨Page 67⟩

TEXT.

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī [||*] tirumakaḷ polapperu

⟨2⟩ nilaccelviyum taṉakke urimai pū-

⟨3⟩ ṇṭamai maṉakkoḷakkāntaḷurccā-

⟨4⟩ lai kalamaṟuttaruḷi veṅkaiñāṭuṅka-

⟨5⟩ ṅkapāṭiyum nuḷampapāṭiyuntaṭikai-

⟨6⟩ pāṭiyuṅkuṭamalaiñāṭuṅkol[la]muṅ-

⟨7⟩ kaliṅkamum eṇṭikai pukaḻ tara ī[ḻa]ma-

⟨8⟩ ṇṭalamum iraṭṭapāṭi eḻarai ila[k]ka-

⟨9⟩ muntiṇṭiṟal veṉṟittaṇṭāṟk[k]o-

⟨10⟩ ṇṭa taṉneḻil vaḷaruḻiyuḷḷel-

⟨11⟩ lāyāṇṭuntoḻutaka viḷaṅkum yā-

⟨12⟩ ṇṭe [c]eḻiyarai tecu koḷ śrī-

⟨13⟩ korājarājarājakesarivarmmarā-

⟨14⟩ ṉa śrīrājarājarājadevaṟku yāṇ-

⟨15⟩ ṭu irupattāṟāvatu [|*] āmurkkoṭ-

⟨16⟩ ṭattāmurnāṭṭu nakaramāmallapurat-

⟨17⟩ tu nakarattomum periḷamaiyo-

⟨18⟩ mum i(n)[nnaka]rattu jalaśayanat-

⟨19⟩ tu kṣatriyasiṁhapallavaīśva[ra*]-

⟨20⟩ ttu devarum irājasiṁha[pa]l-

⟨21⟩ lavaīśvarattu devarum paḷḷi-

⟨22⟩ koṇṭaruḷiya devarum uṭai-

⟨23⟩ ya bhaṭṭārattu poṉṉil i[tta]-

⟨24⟩ ḷikaḷil pati pañcācāryyapa..

⟨25⟩ ṭṭai[cu] devakaṉmikaḷ pa •

⟨26⟩ nā[ṅ]kaḷ koṇṭu kaṭava p[oṉ pa*]-

⟨27⟩ ttoṉpatiṉ kaḻaiñ[cu*]..

⟨28⟩ [i]tdevarkaḷukkutti • •

⟨29⟩ [ṉa]māka uṭaiyār śrīra • •

⟨30⟩ [va]r tirunāmattāl śrī • • •

⟨31⟩ devaṉ eṉṟu ik[koṭṭam vakai*]

⟨32⟩ ceykiṉṟa putukku[ṭaiyaṉ*]

⟨33⟩ ekatiraṉ aimpatiṉ • •

⟨34⟩ ñcavāṉañceyvika • •

⟨35⟩ [ni]lattukku kiḻpā[ ṟkellai sa*]-

⟨36⟩ mudrakarai va[ḻi] pāvi • • •

⟨37⟩ yil meṭṭukkum • •

⟨38⟩ ṉpāṟkellai ita • • •

⟨39⟩ poku peru vaḻik[ku] • • •

⟨40⟩ lpāṟkel[lai] • •

⟨41⟩ m kuraṅkaṉ • •

⟨42⟩ kku kiḻakku • •

⟨43⟩ iṉnakara • • • •

⟨44⟩ ḷḷat[tu] • • •

⟨45⟩ ḷat[tu] • • • •

⟨46⟩ t[tukku]m • • •

⟨47⟩ laiyu • • • •

⟨48⟩ nālāyi • • • •

⟨49⟩ cu kuḻiyi • • • •

⟨50⟩ poṉ • • • •

⟨51⟩ e[ri]yum • • • ⟨Page 68⟩

⟨52⟩ akapaṭṭa • • • •

⟨53⟩ [vyamā] ka • • •

⟨54⟩ kavum ipa • • •

⟨55⟩ kaḻaiñ[cu*] • • •

⟨56⟩ lam viṟṟu • •

⟨57⟩ ma[mu]cce • • •

⟨58-62⟩ • • • • • • • • •

⟨63⟩ peri • • • •

⟨64⟩ lla • • • •

⟨65⟩ tta • • • •

⟨66⟩ kaṟa • • • •

⟨67⟩ mu • • • •

⟨68⟩ • • • • •

⟨69⟩ vitta • • • •

⟨70⟩ m vita • • • •

⟨71⟩ ṟṟuka • • • •

⟨72⟩ ye • • • •

TRANSLATION.

Hail! Prosperity! In the twenty-sixth year of (the reign of) the illustrious Ko-Rājarāja-Rājakesarivarman, alias the illustrious Rāja-Rājarāja-deva, etc. 1—We, the middle-aged citizens of Māmallapuram, a town in Āmūr-nāḍu, (a division) of Āmūrkoṭṭam • • • • • of (the temples of) Jalaśayana, (alias) Kshatriyasiṁha-Pallava-Īśvara-deva at this town, and of Rājasiṁha-Pallava-Īśvara-deva, and of Paḷḷikoṇḍaruḷiya-deva. • • • • •

(Line 31.) • • • of the fifty (villages called after) Pudukkuḍaiyāṉ Ekadhīra, which form part of this koṭṭam 2• • • • • •

⟨SIIv01p0i0042⟩ No. 42. INSIDE THE SHORE TEMPLE.

This inscription is dated in the ninth year of Vīra-Rājendra-Choḷa-deva. It records the gift of a piece of land from the great assembly (mahāsabhā) of Śi[ṟi]davūr, alias Narasiṁha-maṅgalam to “our lord of Tirukkaḍalmallai.” By this the Shore Temple at Māmallapuram seems to be meant.

TEXT.

⟨1⟩ svasti [||*] śrīvi[ra*]rājendra-

⟨2⟩ coḻadevarku yāṇ-

⟨3⟩ ṭu onpatāvatu tiru-

⟨4⟩ kkaṭalmallai em p-

⟨5⟩ erumānukku ci[ṟi]tavūrā-

⟨6⟩ na narasi[ṁ*]hamaṅkala-

⟨7⟩ ttu mahāsabhai-

⟨8⟩ yom tiruviṭaiyā-

⟨9⟩ ṭṭamāha viṭṭa eṅkaḷ

⟨10⟩ ūr ukkāvirivāk-

⟨11⟩ kālukkuttekku maṅ-

⟨12⟩ kalacceṟum yinta ku-

⟨13⟩ ṟiyān niṉṟa nārāyaṇaṉ-

⟨14⟩ māṅkaḷurāṉa kūttāṭi-

⟨15⟩ [pa]ṭṭi āka taṭi 5 ṉā[l] ku-

⟨16⟩ ḻi [2000] iṉṉāyaṉārku ⟨Page 69⟩

⟨17⟩ tiruviṭaiyāṭṭamāha

⟨18⟩ iṟai iḻicci[kkuṭu]-

⟨19⟩ [tt*]om ivūr mah-

⟨20⟩ [āsa*]bhaiyom 1

TRANSLATION.

Hail! In the ninth year of (the reign of) the illustrious Vī[ra]-Rājendra-Śoṛadeva, we, the great assembly (mahāsabhā) of Śi[ṟi]davūr, alias Narasiṁha-maṅgalam, gave to our lord (of) Tirukkaḍalmallai as exclusive property, 2 with exemption from taxes, 5 rice-fields (taḍi), consisting of 2,000 kuṛis (of land; 1. at) Maṅgalachcheṟu to the south of the Ukkāviri channel (at) our village; and (2. at) Nārāyaṇaṉ-māṅgalūr, alias Kūttāḍi-paṭṭi, where (the temple of) this god (? kuṟiyāṉ) stands.

⟨SIIv01p0i0043⟩ No. 43. ON A STONE AT ARAPPAKKAM NEAR VELŪR.

This and the next-following seven inscriptions record grants to Jvarakhaṇḍeśvarasvāmin of Velūr, i.e., to the Vellore Temple, which is nowadays called Jalakaṇṭheśvara. 3 The name of the temple is spelt Jvarakaṇḍeśvara in five inscriptions, Jvarakaṇṭheśvara in two others and Jvarakaṇḍheśvara in one of them. The Sanskrit original of these various forms seems to have been Jvarakhaṇḍeśvara. Jvarakhaṇḍa, “the destroyer of fever,” would be a synonym of Jvarahara, which is applied to Śiva in the name of one of the Kāñchīpuram temples. 4

The inscriptions Nos. 43 to 46 are dated on the same day of the Akshaya year, which was current after the expiration of the Śaka year 1488, and during the reign of Sadāśivadeva-mahārāyar. They record grants which were made to the Vellore Temple at the request of Śiṉṉa-Bommu-nāyaka of Velūr by the mahāmaṇḍaleśvara Tirumalaiyadeva-mahārāja, also called Tirumalai-rājayaṉ, (the younger brother of) Rāmarāja, with the consent of Sadāśiva-deva-mahārāyar.

The historical results obtained from these four inscriptions are:—

1. That Sadāśiva-deva of Vijayanagara was still alive in 1566-67 A.D., i.e., ten years after the latest grant mentioned in my second paper on the Karṇāṭa Dynasty. 5

2. That, after the death of his elder brother Rāma, Tirumala-rāja of Karṇāṭa 6 continued to acknowledge the king of Vijayanagara as his sovereign and submitted to the title of mahāmaṇḍaleśvara.

3. The Śiṉṉa-Bommu-nāyaka of the four inscriptions is perhaps identical with “Bommi Reddi or Naidu,” to whom tradition assigns the foundation of the Vellore Temple. 7

The Viḷāpāka grant of Veṅkaṭa I. of Karṇāṭa dated Śaka 1523 mentions a certain Liṅga-bhūpāla, son of Velūri-Bomma-nṛipati and grandson of Vīrappa-nāyaka- ⟨Page 70⟩ kshmāpa. 1 Velūri-Bomma is evidently the same as Śiṉṉa-Bommu-nāyaka of Velūr. From the title “prince”, which the Viḷāpāka grant attributes to Bomma and to his father and son, it follows that his family were petty chiefs under the kings of Karṇāṭa, who were again nominally dependent on the kings of Vijayanagara.

The inscription No. 43, as mentioned in Sewell's Lists of Antiquities, 2 records the gift of the village of Aṟappakkam, where it is still found.

TEXT.

⟨1⟩ śubhamastu svasti [||*] śrīsadā-

⟨2⟩ śivadevamahārāyar pri-3

⟨3⟩ thivirājyam paṇṇi aru-

⟨4⟩ ḷāniṉṟa cakābdam 148-

⟨5⟩ 8 n meṟcellāni[ṉ*]ṟa

⟨6⟩ akṣayasa[ṁ*]vatssarattu ku-

⟨7⟩ mpanāyaṟṟu aparapakṣa-

⟨8⟩ ttu dvādaśi saumyavāsa-

⟨9⟩ rattu nāḷ śrīmanmahāma-

⟨10⟩ ṇḍaleśvararāmarājatiru-

⟨11⟩ malaiyadevamahārājā-

⟨12⟩ vukku velūr ciṉṉapo-

⟨13⟩ mmunāyakkar viṇṇap-

⟨14⟩ pañceykaiyil tiruma-

⟨15⟩ lairājayaṉ sadāśivadeva-

⟨16⟩ mahārāyar pātattile

⟨17⟩ viṇṇappañceytu v-

⟨18⟩ elūr jvarakaṇḍeśvara-

⟨19⟩ svāmikku aṅgaraṅgavai-

⟨20⟩ bhavattukku viṭuvitta grā-

⟨21⟩ mam aṟappakkam u dānap-

⟨22⟩ ālanayormmaddhye dānā-

⟨23⟩ cśreyonupālanam dā-

⟨24⟩ nāt svarggamavāpnoti p-

⟨25⟩ ālanādaccutam4 padam u

TRANSLATION.

Let there be prosperity! Hail! After Śiṉṉa-Bommu-nāyaka (of) Velūr had made a petition to the illustrious mahāmaṇḍaleśvara Rāmarāja-Tirumalaiya-deva-mahārāja,— Tirumalai-rājayaṉ, having made a petition at the feet of Sadāśiva-deva-mahārāyar, gave the village of Aṟappakkam to (the temple of) Jvarakaṇḍeśvara-svāmin (at) Velūr for (providing) all kinds of enjoyments, 5 on Wednesday the twelfth lunar day of the latter half of the month of Kumbha of the Akshaya-saṁvatsara, which was current after the ⟨Page 71⟩ Śaka year 1488 (had passed), while the illustrious Sadāśiva-deva-mahārāyar was pleased to rule the earth.

(Line 21.) “Of a gift and protection, protection is more meritorious than a gift; by a gift one obtains (only) heaven, by protection the eternal abode.”

⟨SIIv01p0i0044⟩ No. 44. ON A STONE AT ARIYŪR NEAR VELŪR.

The object of the grant is “the village of Murukkeri-Śiṟṟeri within (the boundaries of) Arugūr,” i.e., of the modern Ariyūr.

⟨1⟩ śubhamastu svasti [||*] śrīsadā-

⟨2⟩ śivadevamahārāyar pri-1

⟨3⟩ thivirājyam paṇṇi aruḷā-

⟨4⟩ niṉṟa cakābdam 1488

⟨5⟩ n meṟcellāniṉṟa

⟨6⟩ akṣayasa[ṁ*]vatssarattu ku-

⟨7⟩ mpanāyaṟṟu aparapakṣa-

⟨8⟩ ttu dvādaśi saumyavāsa-

⟨9⟩ rattu nāḷ śrīmanmahāma-

⟨10⟩ ṇḍaleśvararāmarāja tiru-

⟨11⟩ malaiyadevamahārājā-

⟨12⟩ vukku velūr ciṉṉapo-

⟨13⟩ mmunāyakkar viṇṇa-

⟨14⟩ ppañceykaiyil ti-

⟨15⟩ rumalair[ā*]jayaṉ sadāśi-

⟨16⟩ vadevamahārāyar pāta-

⟨17⟩ ttile viṇṇappañc-

⟨18⟩ eytu velūr jvarakaṇḍe-

⟨19⟩ śvarasvāmikku aṅgaraṅga-

⟨20⟩ vaibhavattukku viṭuvitta

⟨21⟩ grāmam arukūrukkuḷ muru-

⟨22⟩ kkericiṟṟeri u dā[n*]pā-

⟨23⟩ lanayormmaddhye dānā-

⟨24⟩ cśreyotupālatam | dā-

⟨25⟩ nāt svarggamav[ā*]pnoti

⟨26⟩ pālanādaccutam2 pada-

⟨27⟩ m u

⟨SIIv01p0i0045⟩ No. 45. ON A STONE AT ARUMBARITTI NEAR VELŪR.

The object of the grant is the village of Arumbaritti.

⟨1⟩ śubhamastu svasti3 [||*] śrī-

⟨2⟩ sadāśivadevamahārā-

⟨3⟩ yar prithivir[ā*]jyam4paṇṇi

⟨4⟩ aruḷāniṉṟa cakābdam 1-

⟨5⟩ 488 n meṟcella- ⟨Page 72⟩

⟨6⟩ āniṉṟa akṣayasa[ṁ*]vatssa-

⟨7⟩ rattu kumpanāyaṟṟu a-

⟨8⟩ parapakṣattu dvādaśi s-

⟨9⟩ aumyavāsarattu nāḷ

⟨10⟩ śrīmanmahāmaṇḍaleśva-

⟨11⟩ rarāmarājatirumalaiyad-

⟨12⟩ evamahārājāvukku v-

⟨13⟩ elūr ciṉṉapommu-

⟨14⟩ nāyakkar viṇṇappa-

⟨15⟩ ñceykaiyil tiruma-

⟨16⟩ lairājayaṉ sadāśivad-

⟨17⟩ evamahārāyar pāta[t*]ti-

⟨18⟩ le viṇṇappañc-

⟨19⟩ eytu velūr jvarakaṇ-

⟨20⟩ ḍeśvarasvāmikku aṅga-

⟨21⟩ raṅgavaibhavattukku

⟨22⟩ viṭuvitta grāmam aru-

⟨23⟩ mparitti u dānapālana-

⟨24⟩ yormmaddhye dānācśre-

⟨25⟩ yonupālanam [|*] dānāt

⟨26⟩ svarggamavāpnoti pā-

⟨27⟩ lanādaccutam1 padam u

⟨SIIv01p0i0046⟩ No. 46. ON A STONE AT ŚADUPPERI NEAR VELŪR.

The object of the grant is the village of Śadupperi.

⟨1⟩ śubhamastu svasti [||*] śrīsadā-

⟨2⟩ śivadevamahārāyar pri-2

⟨3⟩ thivirājyam paṇṇi aru-

⟨4⟩ ḷāniṉṟa cakābda[m*] 148-

⟨5⟩ 8 n meṟcellāniṉ-

⟨6⟩ ṟa akṣayasa[ṁ*]vatssarat-

⟨7⟩ tu kumpanā[ya*]ṟṟu amarapa-3

⟨8⟩ kṣattu dvādaśi sau-

⟨9⟩ myavāsarattu nāḷ śrīma-

⟨10⟩ nmahāmaṇḍaleśvara-

⟨11⟩ rāmarājatirumalaiyad-

⟨12⟩ evamahārājāvukku v-

⟨13⟩ elūr ciṉṉapommu-

⟨14⟩ nāyakkar viṇṇappa-

⟨15⟩ ñceykaiyil tiru-

⟨16⟩ malair[ā*]jayaṉ sad-

⟨17⟩ āśivadevamahārāya-

⟨18⟩ r pātattile viṇṇa- ⟨Page 73⟩

⟨19⟩ ppañceytu velur1

⟨20⟩ jvarakaṇḍeśvarasvāmi-

⟨21⟩ kku aṅgaraṅgav[ai*]bhavat-

⟨22⟩ tukku viṭuvitta grāmam ca-

⟨23⟩ tupperi u dānapālana-

⟨24⟩ yormmaddhye dān[ā*]cśre-

⟨25⟩ yonupālanam | dānā-

⟨26⟩ t svarggamavāpnoti pā-

⟨27⟩ lanādaccutam2 padam u

⟨SIIv01p0i0047⟩ No. 47. ON A STONE AT ŚATTUVĀCHCHERI NEAR VELŪR.

This and the next-following two inscriptions are dated on the same day of the yuva year, which was current after the expiration of the Śaka year 1497, and during the reign of the mahāmaṇḍaleśvara Śrīraṅga-deva-mahārāyar. They record grants to the Vellore Temple, which were made at the request of Śiṉṉa-Bommu-nāyaka of Velūr by Kṛishṇappa-nāyaka Ayyaṉ, with the consent of Śrīraṅga-deva-mahārāyar.

The Śrīraṅga-deva mentioned in Nos. 47 to 49 is Śrīraṅgarāya I. of Karṇāṭa, of whom we have copper-plate grants of Śaka 1497 and 1506 3. An inscription of his tributary Kṛishṇappa-nāyaka dated Śaka 1500 has been translated by Mr. Rice. 4 On Śiṉṉa-Bommu-nāyaka of Velūr, see the introduction of No. 43.

The inscription No. 47 records the gift of the village of Śattuvāchcheri, where it is still found.

TEXT.

⟨1⟩ u śubhamastu u

⟨2⟩ ṭha śvasti5 [||*] śrīmanmahāma-

⟨3⟩ ṇḍaleśvaraśrīraṅgadeva-

⟨4⟩ mahārāyar pṛidhivirā-6

⟨5⟩ jyam paṇṇi aruḷāniṉṟa

⟨6⟩ sakāptam7 1497 n

⟨7⟩ mel cellāniṉṟa yuva-

⟨8⟩ caṁvaṟsarattu8 makaranā-

⟨9⟩ yaṟṟu kiṣṇapakṣattu9 triy-

⟨10⟩ oteci10putavārattu nāḷ kiṣṇa-

⟨11⟩ ppanāyakkar ayyaṉ pāta-

⟨12⟩ tile velūr ciṉṉapo-

⟨13⟩ mmunāyakkar viṇṇappa-

⟨14⟩ ñceykaiyil kiṣṇappa-

⟨15⟩ nāyakkar ayyaṉ śrīraṅga-

⟨16⟩ [t]evamahārāyar pātati-

⟨17⟩ [l]e viṇṇappañcey-

⟨18⟩ tu velūr jvarakaṇḍe- ⟨Page 74⟩

⟨19⟩ śvarasvāmikku aṅka[ra]-

⟨20⟩ [ṅ]gavaibhogattukku

⟨21⟩ [viṭu]vitta grāmam cat-

⟨22⟩ [tu]vācceri | u dāna-

⟨23⟩ pālanayormmaddhye

⟨24⟩ dānācśreyonu-1

⟨25⟩ pālanam [|*] dānāt

⟨26⟩ svargamavāpnoti

⟨27⟩ pālanādacyutam

⟨28⟩ padam | u śubhamastu

TRANSLATION.

Let there be prosperity! Hail ! After Śiṉṉa-Bommu-nāyaka (of) Velūr had made a petition at the feet of Kṛishṇappa-nāyaka Ayyaṉ,—Kṛishṇappa-nāyaka Ayyaṉ, having made a petition at the feet of Śrīraṅga-deva-mahārāyar, gave the village of Śattuvāchcheri to (the temple of) Jvarakaṇḍheśvara-svāmin (at) Velūr for (providing) all kinds of enjoyments, on Wednesday the thirteenth lunar day of the dark half of the month of Makara of the Yuva-saṁvatsara, which was current after the Śaka year 1497 (had passed), while the illustrious mahāmaṇḍaleśvara Śrīraṅga-deva-mahārāyar was pleased to rule the earth.

(Line 22.) “Of a gift and protection,” etc. 2 Let there be prosperity !

⟨SIIv01p0i0048⟩ No. 48. ON A STONE AT ŚAMAṄGINELLŪR NEAR VELŪR.

The object of the grant is the village of Śeṇbaga-Perumāḷ-nallūr, i.e., the modern Śamaṅginellūr.

⟨1⟩ u śubhamastu u

⟨2⟩ śvasti3 [||*] śrīmanmahāma-

⟨3⟩ ṇḍaleśvaraśrīraṅgade-

⟨4⟩ vamahārāyar pṛidhivi-

⟨5⟩ rājyam paṇṇi aruḷā-

⟨6⟩ niṉṟa śakābdam 149-

⟨7⟩ 7 n mel cellāniṉṟa

⟨8⟩ yavacaṁvaṟcarattu4 makaran-

⟨9⟩ āyāṟu 5 kiṣṇapakṣattu tri-

⟨10⟩ yoteci putavārattu ṉā-

⟨11⟩ ḷ kiṣṇappanāyakkar ay-

⟨12⟩ yaṉ pāta[t*]tile velūr

⟨13⟩ [ci]ṉṉapommunāyak-

⟨14⟩ kar viṇṇappa(m)ñcey-

⟨15⟩ kaiyil kiṣṇappanāya-

⟨16⟩ kkar ayyaṉ śrīraṅga-

⟨17⟩ devamahārāyar pā-

⟨18⟩ tattile viṇṇappa- ⟨Page 75⟩

⟨19⟩ ñceytu velū[r*] jvara-

⟨20⟩ kaṇṭheśvarasvāmikku

⟨21⟩ aṅkaraṅkavaib-

⟨22⟩ hogattukku viṭuvit-

⟨23⟩ ta grāmam ceṇpakap-

⟨24⟩ perumāḷnallūr [||*] dāna-

⟨25⟩ pālanayormmaddhye dā-

⟨26⟩ nāt śreyonupālana-

⟨27⟩ m [|*] dānāt svargamavāpn-

⟨28⟩ oti pālanādaścutam1 pa-

⟨29⟩ dam u śubhamastu u

⟨SIIv01p0i0049⟩ No. 49. ON A STONE AT PERUMAI NEAR VELŪR.

The object of the grant is the village of Perumugai (?), i.e., the modern Perumai.

⟨1⟩ u śubhamastu u

⟨2⟩ ṭha śvasti2 [||*] śrīmanmahā-

⟨3⟩ maṇḍaleśvaraśrīra-

⟨4⟩ ṅgadevamahārāyar

⟨5⟩ pṛidhivirājyam paṇ

⟨6⟩ ṇi aruḷāniṉṟa śakā-

⟨7⟩ bdam 1497 n

⟨8⟩ mel cellāniṉṟa

⟨9⟩ yuvacaṁvaṟcarattu maka-

⟨10⟩ ranāyāṟu 3 kiṣṇapakṣattu

⟨11⟩ triyoteci putavārattu

⟨12⟩ ṉāḷ kiṣṇappanāyakkar

⟨13⟩ ayyaṉ pātattile v-

⟨14⟩ ēlūr ciṉṉapommu-

⟨15⟩ nāyakkar viṇ[ṇa]ppa-

⟨16⟩ ñceykaiyil kiṣṇap-

⟨17⟩ panāyakkar ayyaṉ śrī-

⟨18⟩ raṅgadevamakārāyar

⟨19⟩ pātatile viṇṇap-

⟨20⟩ pañceytu ve[ lūr jva]-

⟨21⟩ rakaṇṭhe[ śvarasvāmikku a]-

⟨22⟩ ṅkara[ ṅgavaibhogattu]-

⟨23⟩ kku [viṭu]vi[t]ta [grāmam pe]-

⟨24⟩ ru[muk]ai [||*] d[ānap]āla[nay]-

⟨25⟩ ormmad[dhye dānāt śre]-

⟨26⟩ yonupālana[m | dānāt sva]-

⟨27⟩ rgamavāpnoti pāla-

⟨28⟩ nādaścutaṁ4 padam u ⟨Page 76⟩

⟨SIIv01p0i0050⟩ No. 50. ON A STONE AT ŚEKKAṈŪR NEAR VELŪR.

This inscription records the gift of the village of Śekkaṉūr to the Vellore Temple.

TEXT.

⟨1⟩ śubhamastu [||*]

⟨2⟩ velūr cura-

⟨3⟩ kaṇṭṭecu-

⟨4⟩ racuvāmiyā-

⟨5⟩ ṟkku kālaca-

⟨6⟩ ntipūcaik-

⟨7⟩ ku viṭṭa kiṟāma-

⟨8⟩ m cekkaṉū-

⟨9⟩ rkiṟāmam [||*] śu-

⟨10⟩ bhamastu u

TRANSLATION.

Let there be prosperity ! The village of Śekkaṉūr was given for (the requirements of) daily worship to (the temple of) Jvarakaṇḍeśvara-svāmin (at) Velūr. Let there be prosperity !

⟨SIIv01p0i0051⟩ No. 51. ON A ROCK ON THE TOP OF THE BAVĀJI HILL NEAR VELŪR.

This rock-inscription is written in bold archaic letters; the lines are irregular and very close to each other. The inscription is dated in the twenty-sixth year of a king called Kaṉṉara-deva, and records that Velūr-pāḍi was given to the temple of Paṉṉapeśvara on the top of the hill of Śūdāḍupārai (Śūdāḍupārai-malai) by Nuḷambaṉ Tribhuvanadhīra, alias Muḍi-melaṉ Śrī-Pallava-Murāri. Another Nuḷambaṉ, the first part of whose name is indistinct on the stone, and who was probably a relation of Nuḷambaṉ Tribhuvanadhīra, seems to have received Velūr-pāḍi together with the hill of Śūdāḍupārai from Vīra-Choḷa. Velūr-pāḍi is probably the same as Velapāḍi, a suburb of Vellore, near which the Bavāji Hill is situated, and which is supposed to be the oldest part of the town. 1 Śūdāḍupārai-malai must have been the old name of the Bavāji Hill. It was situated in the north of Paṅgaḷa-nāḍu, a division of Paḍuvūr-koṭṭam. The Śiva temple on its top had been founded by, and was called after, a certain Paṉṉappai.

Besides the present Tamil inscription, five obliterated Telugu inscriptions are found on the top of the Bavāji Hill. Four of them mention a certain Nallaguruvayya; one of these four inscriptions is dated in Śaka 1539, the Piṅgaḷa year.

TEXT.

⟨1⟩ || svasti [||*] śrīkaṉṉaratevaṟku yāṇṭu irupattāṟāvatu

⟨2⟩ paṭuvūrkkoṭṭattuppaṅkaḷanāṭṭu vaṭakkil vakai[ nta cū]-

⟨3⟩ tāṭupāraimalai melppaṉṉappai eṭuppitta

⟨4⟩ paṉṉapeśvarattukku pokamāka innāṭṭu velū-

⟨5⟩ rppāṭi e*makan 2 nuḷampaṉ vīracoḻar pakkal

⟨6⟩ cūtāṭupāraimalai akappaṭa dhārai aṭṭuvittu ko- ⟨Page 77⟩

⟨7⟩ ṇṭu śadrātittaruḷḷavum udakapūrvvañcey-

⟨8⟩ tu kuṭutteṉ nuḷampaṉ tiripuvaṉatīraṉeṉ [|*]

⟨9⟩ idharma rakṣittāraṭieṉ muṭimelaṉ śrīpalla-

⟨10⟩ vamurāri [|*] idharma iṟakkuvāṉ kaṅkai kumariyiṭaicce-

⟨11⟩ ytār ceyta pāvaṅkoḷvāṉ ||

TRANSLATION.

Hail! In the twenty-sixth year of (the reign of) the illustrious Kaṉṉara-deva, I, Nuḷambaṉ Tribhuvanadhīra, 1 gave, with a libation of water, to (the temple of) Paṉṉapeśvara, which Paṉṉappai had caused to be erected on the hill of Śūdāḍupārai (Śūdāḍupārai-malai), which is situated in the north of Paṅgaḷa-nāḍu in Paḍuvūr-koṭṭam, to be enjoyed as long as the moon and the sun endure, Velūr-pāḍi, (a village) of this nāḍu, (which) • • • Nuḷambaṉ had received from Vīra-Śoṛar, together with the hill of Śūdāḍupārai, as a lasting gift. 2 I, Muḍi-melaṉ, 3 the illustrious Pallava-Murāri, (shall be) the servant of those who protect this charitable gift. He who injures this charitable gift, shall incur the sin committed by those who commit (a sin) near the Gaṅgā (or) Kumari. 4

⟨SIIv01p0i0052⟩ No. 52. ON THE NORTH WALL OF THE PERUMĀḶ TEMPLE AT GĀṄGANŪR NEAR VELŪR.

This inscription is dated in the Pramāthin year, which was the 17th year of Sakalalokachakravartin Śambuvarāya. This date is at variance with that of a Kāñchīpuram inscription, according to which the Vyaya year and the Śaka year 1268 corresponded to the 9th year of Sakalalokachakravartin Rājanārāyaṇa Śambuvarāyar, 5 and we must either assume that the 9th year is a misreading for the 24th year, or that the king mentioned at Kāñchīpuram and that of the present inscription are two different persons.

The inscription is a receipt for the cost of a kāṇi, 6 which a certain Tiruveṅgaḍamuḍaiyāṉ seems to have sold 7 to the villagers of Nīlakaṇṭha-chaturvedi-maṅgalam and of Śrī-Mallinātha-chaturvedi-maṅgalam. The first of these two villages was also called Gāṅgeya-nallūr 8 (the modern Gāṅganūr) and was situated in Karaivaṛi-Āndi-nāḍu. 9

TEXT.

⟨1⟩ cakalalokaccakkaravatti śrī veṉṟu maṇ koṇṭa campuvarāyakku yā[ṇ]ṭu 17 āvatu pramāthisaṁvatsarattu ṛiṣabhanāyaṟṟu pūrvva[pakṣattu]

⟨2⟩ prathamaiyum tiṅkaḷ kiḻamaiyam 10 p[e]ṟṟa rohiṇi ṉāḷ karaiva[ḻi]āṉtiṉāṭṭu akaram kāṅkeyanallūrāna nilakaṇṭa[ ccatu rvve]- ⟨Page 78⟩

⟨3⟩ dimaṅkalattu magājanattukkum śrīmallikā[tha]cca[tu]rvvedimaṅkalattu mahājanattukkum (k)kottaṉpāk[kamuṭai]-

⟨4⟩ yāṉ tiru 1veṅkaṭamuṭaiyāneṉ kāṇi vilai pramāṇakaccāttu pa[ṇ]ṇi kuṭuttapaṭi vemappa[s]ārauṭaiyāṉ viracamapaccetirā • • •

⟨5⟩ [ṇṭu] uṭaiyenāṉ ivvakaraṅkaḷil kaṇakkakāṇi iṟṛiai nāḷ i[pa] • • [ku] 2 vi[lai] kuṭut[tuk]koḷ[ḷu]vatāṉa emmil i[c]ainta [vilai pa] • • •

⟨6⟩ nallappaṇam vācipaṭar viracamappaṉ kuḷikai [] 170 ippaṇam ṉūṟṟue[ḻupatu] • • •

⟨7a⟩ i[v*]vūrkaḷil kaṇakkakāṇi vilai pramāṇakaccāttu paṇṇi kuṭu-

⟨7b⟩ tteṉ ṉilakaṇ[ṭa]ccaturvvedimaṅkalattu mahājanattukkum śrī[ mallināthaccaturvvedima]-

⟨8a⟩ ṅkalattu mahājanattukkum kottampākkamuṭaiyāṉ tiruve-

⟨8b⟩ ṅkaṭamuṭaiyāneṉ [|*] i[p*]paṭikku i vai tiruveṅkaṭamuṭaiyā • • •

TRANSLATION.

On the day of (the nakshatra) Rohiṇi, which corresponds to Monday, the first lunar day of the former half of the month of Ṛishabha of the Pramāthin year, (which was) the 17th year of (the reign of) Sakalalokachakravartin, who, having conquered fortune, took the earth, Śambuvarāya,—Whereas I, Kottaṉpākkam-uḍaiyāṉ's (son) Tiruveṅgaḍamuḍaiyāṉ, gave to the great people of Gāṅgeya-nallūr, alias Nīlakaṇṭha-chaturvedimaṅgalam, a village in Karaivaṛi-Āndi-nāḍu, and to the great people of Śrī-Mallinātha-chaturvedi-maṅgalam a receipt for the cost of a kāṇi; • • • • • I, Kottambākkam-uḍaiyāṉ's (son) Tiruveṅgaḍam-uḍaiyāṉ, (hereby declare, that I) gave a receipt for the cost of a kāṇi, (as measured by ?) the accountant of these villages, to the great people of Nīlakaṇṭha-chaturvedi-maṅgalam and to the great people of Śrī-Mallinātha-chaturvedi-maṅgalam. This [is the signature of] Tiruveṅgaḍam-uḍaiyā[ṉ].

⟨SIIv01p0i0053⟩ No. 53. ON THE INNER WALL OF THE PERUMĀḶ TEMPLE AT ŚOṚAPURAM NEAR VELŪR.

This inscription is written in archaic characters; it is much obliterated, and incomplete at the end. The date is the twenty-third year of Ko-Vijaya-[Siṁha]vikramavarman. The inscription records a grant to the Vishṇu temple at Kāṭṭuttumbūr, which was probably another name of Śoṛapuram. The temple had been founded by the same person or persons who made the grant. The object granted was a piece of land at Kanakavalli, which, like Kāṭṭuttumbūr itself, belonged to Paṅgaḷa-nāḍu, a division of Paḍuvūr-koṭṭam.

TEXT.

⟨1⟩ svasti [||*] śrīkovicaiya[ci]m[ma]vikkiramaparmaṟkku yāṇṭu irupattumuṉṟāvatu paṭuvūrkkoṭṭattuppaṅ-

⟨2⟩ kaḷanāṭṭukkāṭṭuttumpūr nārāyaṇabhaṭṭārakarkku śrīkoyil eṭuppittu kaṉakavalli viṣṇuśrībhūmi eṉṉu-

⟨3⟩ m nāmadheyattāl amaippittu itaṉukku trikālam ārādhippataṟkum trikālam tiruamurtukkum na-

⟨4⟩ ndāviḷakkum ārādhippāṉukku ja • tamum āka ikkoṭṭattu ināṭṭu kaṉakavalli eri kiḻ bhūmi i ⟨Page 79⟩

TRANSLATION.

Hail! In the twenty-third year of (the reign of) the illustrious Ko-Vijaya-[Siṁha]vikramavarman,—having caused a sacred temple to be erected to Nārāyaṇabhaṭṭāraka (at) Kāṭṭuttumbūr in Paṅgaḷa-nāḍu, (a division) of Paduvūr-koṭṭam, [I gave] to it a piece of land below the tank (at) Kanakavalli in the same nāḍu and the same koṭṭam, which [I] called “the sacred land of Vishṇu (at) Kanakavalli,” for the worship at the three times (of the day), for the sacred food at the three times, (for) the nandā lamp (and) for the worshipper.

⟨SIIv01p0i0054⟩ No. 54. ON THE BASE OF THE ĪŚVARA TEMPLE AT TEḶḶŪR NEAR VELŪR. 1

This inscription is dated in the reign of the mahāmaṇḍaleśvara Vīrapratāpa-Devarāya-mahārāya (of Vijayanagara) and in Śaka 1353, the Sādhāraṇa year. It records that the family (kuḍi) of Māraṇaṉ-uḷḷiṭṭār, which belonged to Pallava-nallūr, was given to the temple at Teḷḷaiyūr (the modern Teḷḷūr), alias Pukkaḷappuram, which belonged to Vaḍapuri-Āndi-nāḍu in Paṅgaḷa-nāḍu, a division of Paḍuvūr-koṭṭam in Jayaṅkoṇḍa-Choḷa-maṇḍalam.

TEXT.

South.

⟨1b⟩ svasti [||*] śrīmanmahāmaṇḍaleśvaran arirāyavibhāṭaṉ bhāṣaikku tappuva rāyar kaṇṭaṉ pūrvvadakṣaṇapaccamottarasamudrādhipati śrīvīrapratāpade[va]rā-

East.

⟨1⟩ yamahār[ā*]ya prathivīrājyam pa[ṇ*]ṇi [a]ruḷāniṉṟa śakābdam 1353

South.

⟨1a⟩ sādhāraṇavaruṣam kaṟkaṭakanāya[ṟṟu] pūrvvapakṣattu pañcamiyum tiṅ[kaḷ ki]ḻamaiyum peṟṟa tiruv[o]ṇattu nāḷ jayaṅkoṇṭacoḻamaṇṭalattu paṭuvūrkoṭṭattu paṅkaḷanāṭṭu vaṭapuriāntināṭṭu [a]karam teḷḷaiyūrāna pukkaḷappurattu 2 nāyinārukku āntiṭṭu vaṭuki maṉṟāṭi atikārikaḷ va • • • nāyakkatecu • kañcaṉanum taṉmacātanam paṇṇikkuṭuttapaṭi inta nāyinārukku āntiṭṭu.

⟨2⟩ pallavanallūrccervaikkuṭi m[ā]raṇaṉuḷḷiṭṭārai tirunantāviḷakku kuṭi āka candrātittavaraiyum cellumpaṭikku udakapūrvva dharmmadānamāka paṇṇikkuṭuttom [||*] ippaṭi paṇṇikkuṭutta inta māraṇaṉuḷḷiṭṭār eṅke irukkilum inta nāyinārukku i[ya]kka kaṭavanākavum 3 [||*] inta taṉmacātanakkuṭi

East.

⟨2⟩ vaḻi ellām inta nāyinār kuṭi vaḻi ākakkaṭavatākavum [||*] ippaṭi paṇṇikkuṭutta inta taṉmacātanattukku akitam pa[ṇ*]ṇināruṇṭānāl ⟨Page 80⟩

South.

⟨3⟩ 1 keṅkaikkarayil 2 kurāl pacuvai koṉṟa pāvatte poka kaṭavum [||*] m(ā)heśvvararakṣai [||*]

TRANSLATION.

Hail! On the day of (the nakshatra) Tiruvoṇam, 3 which corresponds to Monday, the fifth lunar day of the former half of the month of Karkaṭaka of the Sādhāraṇa year (and) the Śaka year 1353, while the illustrious mahāmaṇḍaleśvara, the conqueror of hostile kings, the destroyer of those kings who break their word, the lord of the eastern, southern, western and northern occans, the illustrious Vīrapratāpa-Devarāya-mahārāya was pleased to rule the earth,—Whereas (we), 4• • • • • gave a dharmaśāsana to (the temple of) the lord of Teḷḷaiyūr, alias Pukkaḷappuram, a village in Vaḍapuri-Āndi-nāḍu, (which belongs) to Paṅgaḷa-nāḍu, (a division) of Paḍuvūr-koṭṭam in Jayaṅkoṇḍa-Śoṛa-maṇḍalam; —We (hereby declare, that we) gave to this lord the family (called) Māraṇaṉ-uḷḷiṭṭār, which belongs to Pallava-nallūr, as a family (which has to maintain) a tirunandā lamp, with a libation of water, as a meritorious gift, to last as long as the moon and the sun. These Māraṇaṉ-uḷḷiṭṭār, who were thus given, shall attend to (the worship of) this lord, wherever they are. The whole family (named in) this dharmaśāsana, (together with) their descendants, shall be the family of this lord. If there is anybody who injures this dharmaśāsana, which was thus given, he shall incur the sin of one who has killed a tawny cow on the bank of the Gaṅgā. Let Maheśvara be the protector!

⟨SIIv01p0i0055⟩ No. 55. ON THE WEST AND SOUTH WALLS OF THE VIRŪPĀKSHEŚVARA TEMPLE AT VEPPAMBAṬṬU NEAR VELŪR.

This inscription is dated in Śaka 132[8] expired and the Vyaya year current. It is a deed of sale of the revenue in gold and the revenue in rice of one half of the village of Veppambaṭṭu and of the village of Śiṟu-Kaḍambūr. The first-mentioned village belonged to Āndi-nāḍu, a division of Agara-paṟṟu. Both villages are stated to have been granted to the temple of Virūpāksha-deva 5 at Veppambaṭṭu by Vīrapratāpa-Bukka-mahārāyar (of Vijayanagara), and the temple itself is said to have been consecrated one year before the date of the inscription in the Pārthiva year, i.e., Śaka 1328 current. This date is puzzling, as it does not agree with other inscriptions, according to which Bukka's son Harihara II. was reigning in Śaka 1301 and 1321. 6

The cost of one half of the first village and of the second village as well as the total are given in kuḷapramāṇas or kuḷas of gold (poṉ) and in paṇas. In line 2 of the south wall another gold standard, called kovai, seems to be mentioned. The numerous signs for fractions, which occur throughout the inscription, are palaeographically interesting. ⟨Page 81⟩

TEXT.

West.

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī vijayātbhudaya1 [||*] śakābdam 132[8] ṉ mel cellāniṉṟa pārttivasaṁvatsarattukkuccellum viyasaṁvatsarattu jeṣṭabahuḷa

South.

⟨1⟩ amāvāsyaiyum viyāḻakkiḻamaiyum peṟṟa nāḷ [|*] śrīmanmahārājādhirājarājaparameśvaraśrīvīrapratāpapukkamahārāyar veppampaṭṭu virūpākṣatevaṟku

West.

⟨2⟩ aṅgaraṅgabhogaamutupaṭikku dharmmaśāsanam āka kuṭutta sausti2muṉṉāḷ vaiśākaśuddadvādaśiyum guruvārattu nāḷ pratiṣṭai

South.

⟨2⟩ ākaiyāl aṉṉāḷ mutal ākakkuṭutta akarappaṟṟu āṉtināṭu veppampaṭṭu ūr oṉṟukku kuḷapramāṇam poṉ 242 4pama takukkovai

West.

⟨3⟩ poṉ 36 5 [|*] itil nāyiṉār virūpākṣatevaṟku addhyayanam paṇṇum brāmmaṇarkku sarvvamānnyam āka kuṭutta ūr pāti-

South.

⟨3a⟩ kku kuḷapramāṇam poṉ 121 2 nīkkī ūr pātikku kuḷam poṉ 121 2pama m [|*] irāvutta canti opuḷi āy

West.

⟨4⟩ kaṅki[n]ātarkkucceṉṟa • • nāṭu ciṟukaṭampūr ūr 1 kku kuḷapramāṇam poṉ 162 4 [|*] āka ūr 1 kku (ku)kuḷa-

South.

⟨4a⟩ m poṉ 283 6 [|*] akṣarattāl virūpākṣatevar aṅgaraṅgabhogam amṛitapaṭikku pārtthivavaruṣamvaiśākacu-

West.

⟨5⟩ ddhaduvādaśiyum guruvāram mutalāka eṉṟeṉṟaikku sarvvamānnya[m] dha[rmmaśā]sanam āka kuṭutta ūr [oṉṟu] araikkum kuḷapramāṇam

South.

⟨5a⟩ poṉ [iru]nūṟṟueṇpattumūṉṟu paṇam āṟemukkālemukkāṇikkum cuṅkam [u]bhaiyam māmagam iṭattuṟai puṟampu ā[ka] saka-

⟨3b⟩ lasvarnnādāyamum sakalabhaktātāyamum cekkukaṭamai

⟨4b⟩ veṭṭivari tirupputiyitu erimiṉvīṟppaṇam uvaccavari

⟨5b⟩ vaṇṇārvari uṭppaṭa āca[ṁ*]drārkkastā[hi]3āka sarvvamānnya āka kuṭuttom stāna(m)pūrvva(va)m [||*] aṟṟamari āticiruppaṇaṅkaḷ eḻuttu [||*] ⟨Page 82⟩

TRANSLATION.

Hail! Prosperity! Victory! Fortune! On Thursday, the new moon of the dark half of Jyaishṭha of the Vyaya year, which follows the Pārthiva year (and) which was current after the Śaka year 132[8] (had passed), after having bathed, we gave as a sarvamānya, to last as long as the moon and the sun, all the revenue in gold and all the revenue in rice, 1 excluding tolls, offerings, māmagam 2 (and) iḍattuṟai, including the tax on oil-mills, the tax for the Veṭṭi, 3 the holy first fruits, the money from the sale of the fish in the tanks, the tax on Uvachchas 4 and the tax for the washermen, against (payment of the sum detailed below):—(1.) 242 kuḷapramāṇas of gold and 4(1/16) paṇas—equal to 36 kovais (?) of gold and 5(1/8) paṇas—for one village, (viz.) Veppambaṭṭu (in) Āndi-nāḍu, (a division of) Agara-paṟṟu, which, as the consecration of the temple took place on a former day, (viz.) on Thursday, the twelfth lunar day of the bright half of Vaiśākha, was given from that day forward by a dharmaśāsana, for (providing) enjoyments of all kinds and rice 5 to (the temple of) Virūpāksha-deva (at) Veppambaṭṭu by the illustrious mahārājādhirāja-rājaparameśvara, the illustrious Vīrapratāpa-Bukka-mahārāyar; having deducted from this (sum of 242 kuḷapramāṇas of gold and 4(1/16) paṇas) 121 kuḷapramāṇas of gold and 2 paṇas for the (first) half of the village, which was given as a sarvamānya to the Brāhmaṇas studying the Vedas, (who are connected) with (the temple of) the lord Virūpāksha-deva, (there remain to be paid) 121 kuḷas of gold and 2(1/16) paṇas for the (second) half of the village; (2.) 162 kuḷapramāṇas of gold and 4(1/2), (1/5), (1/40) paṇas for 1 village, (viz.) Śiṟu-Kaḍambūr • • • • • • , in all, 283 kuḷas of gold and 6(3/4), (3/80) paṇas for the 1(1/2) villages (viz., 121 kuḷapramāṇas of gold and 2(1/16) paṇas for the second half of Veppambaṭṭu and 162 kuḷapramāṇas of gold and 4(1/2), (1/5), (1/40) paṇas for Śiṟu-Kaḍambūr); in words: two hundred and eighty-three kuḷapramāṇas of gold and six and three fourths and three eightieths paṇas (were to be paid) for the one and a half villages, which were given by a dharmaśāsana, as a sarvamānya, for ever, from Thursday, the twelfth lunar day of the bright half of Vaiśākha (of) the Pārthiva year, for (providing) enjoyments of all kinds and rice (to the temple of) Virūpāksha-deva.

The signature of Aṟṟamari Ādi-Śiruppaṇaṅgaḷ.

⟨SIIv01p0i0056⟩ No. 56. INSIDE THE FRONT GOPURA OF THE VIRIÑCHIPURAM TEMPLE, SECOND INSCRIPTION TO THE RIGHT.

This inscription is dated during the reign of Vīrapratāpa-Devarāya-mahārāja (of Vijayanagara) and in the Viśvāvasu year, which was current after the expiration of the Śaka year 1347. It refers to a question of the sacred law (dharma) of the Brāhmaṇas, which was settled by the Brāhmaṇas of the kingdom of Paḍaivīḍu, among whom Karṇāṭa, Tamiṛ, Telugu and Lāṭa Brāhmaṇas are mentioned. Their representatives signed an agreement ⟨Page 83⟩ to the effect, that henceforth marriages among their families had only to be concluded by kanyādāna, i.e., that the father had to give his daughter to the bridegroom gratuitously. Both the father who accepted money, and the bridegroom who paid money for the bride, should be subject to punishment by the king and to excommunication from their caste. This practice was evidently adopted on the authority of the canonical works on sacred law, which condemn in strong terms the payment of money for the bride, and use the term āsura-vivāha for a marriage thus concluded. The four forms of marriage permitted to Brāhmaṇas are mere varieties of the marriage by kanyādāna.

To the end of the inscription a large number of signatures of Brāhmaṇas are attached. This part of the original is obliterated to such an extent that a satisfactory transcript cannot be given. In some cases, the places where the single Brāhmaṇas came from, are registered. As the identification of these localities might be useful for fixing the extent of the kingdom of Paḍaivīḍu, I subjoin those which may be read with certainty: Kaḷañjiyam, Kamalapādam, Marudam, Maṅgalam, Araiyapāḍi, Kaṇṇamaṅgalam, 1 A[ga]tterippaṭṭu, Enādapāḍi. Two other inscriptions mention Guḍiyātam 2 and Vallam 3 as belonging to the kingdom of Paḍavīḍu 4 or Paḍaveḍu. 5 The kingdom of Paḍaivīḍu (Paḍaivīṭṭu rājyam) was called after the town of Paḍaivīḍu, now Paḍaveḍu in the Polūr Tālluqa of the North Arcot District. 6 According to two Vijayanagara inscriptions, it formed a district of Toṇḍai-maṇḍalam. 7 The name Paḍaivīḍu means “an encampment” and seems to owe its origin to a temporary camp of some king, around which a city arose in course of time. 8

TEXT.

⟨1⟩ śubhamastu

⟨2⟩ svasti [||*] śrīmaṉmahāirājādirājaparameśvarāṉa śrī[vī]rapratāpadevarāya- mahārāja pri-

⟨3⟩ dhivirājyam paṇṇi aruḷāṉiṉṟa śakābdam 1347ḻiṉ mel cellāṉi[ṉ*]ṟa viśvāvasu-

⟨4⟩ varuṣam paṅkuṉi mātam 3 kku ṣaṣṭiyu[m*] budhaṉ kiḻamaiyum peṟṟa aniḻattu 9 nāḷ paṭaiviṭṭu irājyattu

⟨5⟩ aśeṣavidyamahājanaṅkaḷum arkkapuṣkaraṇi10 gopināthasannadhiyil[e]

⟨6⟩ dharmmasthāpanasamayapatram paṇṇi kuṭuttapaṭi iṟṟai nāḷ mutalāka inta-

⟨7⟩ ppaṭaivīṭṭu rājyattu brāhmaṇaril kaṉṉa[ṭi]kar tamiḻir 11 teluṅkar ilāḷar mutalā- ⟨Page 84⟩

⟨8⟩ ṉa aśeṣagotrattu aśeṣasūtrattil aśeṣaśā[kh*]aiyilavatkaḷum1 vivāham paṇ-

⟨9⟩ ṇumiṭattu kanyādānamāka vivāham paṇṇakkaṭavarākavum [|*] kanyādānam paṇṇāmal

⟨10⟩ poṉ vāṅkippeṇ kuṭuttāl poṉ kuṭuttu vivāham paṇṇiṉāl irājadaṇḍattukkum uṭpaṭṭu

⟨11⟩ brāhmaṇyattukkum puṟampākakkaṭavāreṉ[ṟu] paṇṇi[na] dharmmasthāpanasamayapatram [||*] ippaṭikku aśeṣavidyama-

⟨12⟩ hājanaṅkaḷ eḻuttu [||*] • • • • • •

TRANSLATION.

Let there be prosperity! Hail! On the day of (the nakshatra) Anusham, 2 which corresponds to Wednesday, the sixth lunar day, the 3rd (solar day) of the month of Paṅguṉi 3 of the Viśvāvasu year, which was current after the Śaka year 1347 (had passed), while the illustrious mahārājādhirāja-parameśvara, the illustrious Vīrapratāpa-Devarāya-mahārāja was pleased to rule the earth,—the great men of all branches of sacred studies of the kingdom (rājyam) of Paḍaivīḍu drew up, in the presence of (the god) Gopinātha (of) Arkapushkariṇī, a document (which contains) an agreement fixing the sacred law. According to (this document), if the Brāhmaṇas of this kingdom (rājyam) of Paḍaivīḍu, viz., Kaṉṉaḍigas, Tamiṛas, Teluṅgas, Ilāḷas, 4 etc., of all gotras, sūtras and śākhās conclude a marriage, they shall, from this day forward, do it by kanyādāna. Those who do not adopt kanyādāna, i.e., both those who give a girl away after having received gold, and those who conclude a marriage after having given gold, shall be liable to punishment by the king and shall be excluded from the community of Brāhmaṇas. These are the contents of the document which was drawn up.

The following are the signatures of the great men of all branches of sacred studies:— ..........

⟨SIIv01p0i0057⟩ No. 57. ON A STONE BUILT INTO THE FLOOR OF THE COURTYARD OF THE VIRIÑCHIPURAM TEMPLE.

This inscription records that in the Saumya year, which was current after the expiration of Śaka 1471, the pavement of the outer courtyard of the Viriñchipuram Temple was laid by Bommu-nāyaka, who is evidently the same person as Śiṉṉa-Bommu-nāyaka or Bomma-nṛipati of Velūr. 5 On this occasion, the other inscribed stones which are noticed in part III, must have found their way into the floor of the temple.

TEXT.

⟨1⟩ śubha-

⟨2⟩ mastu [||*]

⟨3⟩ śālivāhaśakābdam 1471 ṉ mel cellāniṉṟa

⟨4⟩ saumyavaruṣa meṣanāyaṟṟu pūrvvapakṣa saptamiyum peṟṟa

⟨5⟩ guruvāra punarvvasu nāḷ velūr māc[ca]nāyakkarukku taṉmamāka

⟨6⟩ kumārar pommunāyakkar aṭ[aiya] vaḷaiñcāṉa taḷavicai paṭuppittār [||*] ⟨Page 85⟩

TRANSLATION.

Let there be prosperity! On Thursday, the day of (the nakshatra) Punarvasu, which corresponds to the seventh lunar day of the former half of the month of Mesha of the Saumya year, which was current after the Śālivāha-Śaka year 1471 (had passed),—in order to procure religious merit to Māchcha(?)-nāyaka (of) Velūr,—prince Bommu-nāyaka laid the pavement round the whole (temple).

⟨SIIv01p0i0058⟩ No. 58. ON A STONE AT THE SOUTH ENTRANCE OF VIRIÑCHIPURAM.

This inscription is dated during the reign of Veṅkaṭapati-deva-mahārāyar 1 and in the Nandana year, which was current after the expiration of the Śaka year 1514. It records that Periya-Eṟama-nāyaka of Puṉṉāṟṟūr granted a house (maṉai) and some land for a maṭha to Ānanda-Namaśivāya-paṇḍāram. The grant was made at the Mārgasahāyeśvara Temple of Tiru-Viriñchapuram (Viriñchipuram).

TEXT.

⟨1⟩ [śvasti]2 śrīmaṉma[kā]maṇṭa[le]-

⟨2⟩ śvaraṉ kaṇṭa kaṭṭāri [cā]-

⟨3⟩ ḷuva śrīveṅka[ṭapa]tite-

⟨4⟩ vamakārāyar piṟutivīrā[c]-

⟨5⟩ ciyam paṇṇi aruḷāni[ṉ]-

⟨6⟩ ṟa sahattam3 1514 kku

⟨7⟩ mel cellāniṉṟa na-

⟨8⟩ ntaṉavaruṣam tai mātam 6 u tiru-

⟨9⟩ viriñcapuram māṟkacakāyīcu[ra]-

⟨10⟩ ṉ caṉṉatiyil citamparam kuru[na]-

⟨11⟩ macivāyamuṟtti aṭiyār āṉan-

⟨12⟩ tanamacivāyapaṇṭā[ra]mavar[kaḷu]-

⟨13⟩ kku vāṇṭarāyaṉ tiruvitiyil

⟨14⟩ vaṭaciṟakil ma[ṉai] velūr [māya]-

⟨15⟩ nāyakkar kumāracaṅkarappan[ā]-

⟨16⟩ yakkarayaṉavarkaḷukku puṇṇi-

⟨17⟩ yamāka puṉṉāṟṟūr periyaeṟa-

⟨18⟩ manāyakkar kaṭṭaḷaiyi[ṭ]ṭa maṭam [||*]

⟨19⟩ inta maṭattu maṉai tiṟiyampakama-

⟨20⟩ ṉaikku kiḻakku muṟtimāṇikkatti[ṉ]

⟨21⟩ maṉaikku meṟku maṉai |ka| aṭi

⟨22⟩ 41 maṉai[p]paṭa[p]paiyuminta

⟨23⟩ maṭataṟmattukku nāḷ 1 kku oṟṟi [pi]-

⟨24⟩ ṟasātam kuṟuṇiyum ūṟa-

⟨25⟩ ṇṭaṉtāṅkal akkirārattil

⟨26⟩ nilaoṟṟicampantamum tārā 4ppū-

⟨27⟩ ṟu[va]m paṇṇikkuṭuttom [||*] ⟨Page 86⟩

⟨28⟩ yinta maṭam ciṣaparamparai pu-

⟨29⟩ ttiṟaparamparaiyum cantirātitta-

⟨30⟩ varaiyum aṉupocittuk-

⟨31⟩ koḷḷakkaṭavarākavum u u

⟨32⟩ yin[ta] maṭataṉmattukku yāto-

⟨33⟩ ruvar akutam paṇṇiṉa pe-

⟨34⟩ r keṅkai karaiyile kā-

⟨35⟩ rām pacuvaikkoṉṟa

⟨36⟩ toṣattile po-

⟨37⟩ ka kaṭavarākavum u

TRANSLATION.

Hail! On the 6th solar day of the month of Tai of the Nandana year, which was current after the Śaka year 1514 (had passed), while the illustrious mahāmaṇḍaleśvara, the hero (Gaṇḍa), the dagger (Kaṭṭāri), the hawk (Sāḷuva), the illustrious Veṅkaṭapati-devamahārāyar was pleased to rule the earth,—in the presence of (the god) Mārgasahāyeśvara (of) Tiru-Viriñchapuram,—Periya-Eṟama-nāyaka (of) Puṉṉāṟṟūr ordered a house (maṉai) on the northern side of the holy street (tiru-vīthi) of Vāṇḍarāyaṉ (to be given for) a maṭha to Ānanda-Namaśivāya-paṇḍāram, the worshipper (i.e., pupil ?) of the guru Namaśivāya-mūrti (of) Chidambaram, in order to procure religious merit to Śaṁkarappa-nāyaka Ayaṉ, the son of Māya (?)-nāyaka (of) Velūr. This house for the maṭha consists of 1 house to the east of the house of Tryambaka and to the west of the house of Mūrti-māṇikkam, and of a house-garden of 41 feet. To this meritorious gift of a maṭha we gave, with a libation of water, for each day a kuṟuṇi 1 of rice (? prasāda) under mortgage, 2 and the connexion under mortgage with (a piece of) land in the agrahāra (of) Ūṟaṇḍaṉ-tāṅgal. The succession of sons (which consists of) the succession of pupils 3 shall enjoy this maṭha as long as the moon and the sun endure. Whosoever injures this meritorious gift of a maṭha, that man shall incur the sin of one who has killed a black cow on the bank of the Gaṅgā.

⟨SIIv01p0i0059⟩ No. 59. ON THE BASE OF THE NORTH WALL

This inscription is dated in the twenty-second year of Tribhuvanachakravartin Rājarāja-deva and in the Śaka year 1160. It records the gift of the village of Kumāramaṅgalam, which was situated east of Koṟṟa-maṅgalam, north-west of Aimbūṇḍi— which lay to the north of Poygai, alias Rājendra-Choḷa-nallūr—and south of the Pālaṟu. Aimbūṇḍi is the old name of the modern village of Ammuṇḍi; it occurs also in an Ammuṇḍi inscription, which will be noticed in Part III (No. 131). The Pālāṟu is the well-known Pālār, the chief river of the North Arcot District.

TEXT.

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī [||*] cakaraiyāṇṭu ā[yirat]t[oru]ṉūṟṟaṟupatu cellāṉiṉṟa śrītiripuvaṉaccakkaravattikaḷ śrīrājarājadevaṟku yā-

⟨2⟩ ṇṭu iru[pa]tti[raṇṭā]va[tu] tai • • • poykai āṉa irācentiracoḻanallūrccittirameḻimalaimaṇṭalaviṇṇakarā-

⟨3⟩ ṉa aruḷāḷapperumāḷukkuttiruviṭaiyāṭṭamākakkumāramaṅkalam [|*] melpāṟkellai koṟṟamaṅkalattu ellai ācaṟutiyiṉaṭṭa tiruvā[ḻi]kkallukku kiḻak-

⟨4⟩ kum [|*] teṉpāṟkellai poykaiyāṉa irācentiracoḻanallūrkku vaṭakkāṉa aimpūṇṭi kayakkālukku vaṭakkum [|*] ki[ḻ]pāṟkellai aimpūṇṭi ellai ācaṟutiyil naṭṭa ti-

⟨5⟩ ruvāḻikkallukku meṟkkum [|*] vaṭapāṟkkellai pālāṟṟukku teṟkku mi[n]ta ṉāṟppāṟkkellaikkumuṭpaṭṭa me[ṉokki]ṉa maramum kiṇokkiṉa kiṇaṟum nañcai puñcai kaṭamai kuṭi[m]-

⟨6⟩ ai uḷpaṭa veṭṭitaṉiāḷ āyam pāṭikāval cilvari peruvari kāṟtik[ai]arici kāṟtikaippaccai maṟṟumuḷḷa pala kā[cāyam]kaḷum taṟiiṟai kaṭaiiṟai taṭṭārppāṭṭañce-

⟨7⟩ kkukka[ṭa]maiyum āciva[ka]kācu eppeṟpaṭṭa aṉaittāyaṅkaḷum āya 5īṉār ciṟai irāmaṉ keraḷaṉ pakkal poṉṉa[ṟakkoṇṭu maṇṇaṟappoykai aruḷāḷapperumāḷukkut]-

⟨8⟩ tiruviṭaiyāṭṭamāka cantarā 6tittavarai celvatāka viṭṭeṉ ceṅkeṇi virācaṉi ammai[ya]ppaṉ taṉiṉiṉṟu veṉṟāṉ taṉ vaci kāṭṭuvāṉ aḻakiya coḻaṉāṉa eti[rili] • • • • • ⟨Page 88⟩

TRANSLATION.

Hail! Prosperity! [In the month of] Tai of the twenty-second year of the illustrious Tribhuvanachakravartin, the illustrious Rājarāja-deva, which was current during the Śaka year one thousand one hundred and sixty,—I, Śeṅgeṇi-Vīrāśani-Ammaiyappaṉ, who has gained victory standing by himself, who shows his sword, Aṛagiya-Śoṛaṉ, alias Edirili • • • • • , after having received gold from Rāma the Keraḷa, a slave (i.e., worshipper) of Āya-īṉār, 1—gave to the Vishṇu temple of Chitra-meṛi-Malaimaṇḍala, alias (the temple of) Aruḷāḷa-Perumāḷ, (at) Poygai, alias Rājendra-Śoṛanallūr, (the village of) Kumāra-maṅgalam as exclusive property, 2 to last as long as the moon and the sun;—the boundary on the western side is to the east of the tiruvāṛi 3 stone put up at the extremity of the boundary of Koṟṟa-maṅgalam; the boundary on the southern side is to the north of the channel of Aimbūṇḍi, which lies to the north of Poygai, alias Rājendra-Śoṛa-nallūr; the boundary on the eastern side is to the west of the tiruvāṛi stone put up at the extremity of the boundary of Aimbūṇḍi; the boundary on the northern side is to the south of the (river) Pālāṟu;—the trees overground and the wells underground, the wet land and the dry land, included within these boundaries in the four directions; including taxes and rights; (the revenue for) one Veṭṭi, 4 tolls (āyam), the small taxes (and) the large taxes for the village-police, the rice in Kārttika, the unripe (fruit) in Kārttika, and all other revenue in money; the tax on looms, the tax on shops, the tax on goldsmiths, the tax on oil-mills, the tax on Ājīvakas, 5 and all (other) revenue.

⟨SIIv01p0i0060⟩ No. 60. ON THE LEFT SIDE OF THE EAST WALL.

Of this inscription only the date remains, which is the same as in No. 59.

TEXT.

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī [||*] cakarayāṇṭu

⟨2⟩ āyirattoruṉūṟṟaṟupatu cellā-

⟨3⟩ niṉṟa tiripuvaṉaccakkaravattikaḷ śrīrāja-

⟨4⟩ rājatevaṟku yāṇṭu irupattuiraṇṭā6

TRANSLATION.

Hail! Prosperity! In the twenty-second year of Tribhuvanachakravartin, the illustrious Rājarāja-deva, which was current during the Śaka year one thousand one hundred and sixty • • • • •

⟨SIIv01p0i0061⟩ No. 61. ON THE BASE OF THE SOUTH WALL.

This inscription is dated in the twenty-fourth year of Tribhuvanachakravartin Rājarājadeva, and in the Śaka year 1161. It records the gift of the village of Puttūr. ⟨Page 89⟩

TEXT.

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī [||*] cakaraiyāṇṭu āyirattoruṉūṟṟaṟupattoṉṟu cellāniṉṟa śrī[tri]bhuvaṉaccakkaravat[tika]ḷ śrīrāja[ rājate] va[ṟ]ku [yā]ṇṭu irupattunālāvatu

⟨2⟩ taimmāsam mutal poyk[ai]yāṉa rā[jendra]coḻanallūr cittirameḻimalaimaṇṭalaviṇṇakarāṉa aruḷāḷapp[e]ru[māḷukku puttūr] nā[ṟpāṟ]kellaikkumuṭpaṭṭa meṉo-

⟨3⟩ [kki]ṉa maramum [ki]ḻnok[ki]na [ki]ṇaṟum naṉcey puṉcey nāṟpāṟkellaiyumuṭpaṭṭa kaṭamai [kuṭi]maikaḷu[m āyam pāṭikāval ci]l[vari eṭuttu]kkoṭṭi arimukkai-

⟨4⟩ [yuṭ]paṭṭa pala nellāyaṅkaḷum kārttikaiarici kārttikaikkācu kārttikaippacc[ai] velippayaṟu nirnilak[k]ācu taṟiyiṟai kaṭaiyiṟai kālakatappāṭṭa[m] [ta*]-

⟨5⟩ ṭṭārppāṭṭam ācuvakakaṭamai cekkukkaṭamai erimiṉkācu inavari vakainta kācu paṭṭolaikkācu maṟṟumeppeṟpaṭṭa pala kācāyaṅ-

⟨6⟩ kaḷum antarāyamum veṭṭitaṉiāḷu[ṭ*]paṭṭa aṉaittu nellāyaṅkaḷum 1 uṭpaṭattiruviṭaiāṭṭamāka malaimaṇ-

⟨7⟩ ṭalattu āyaīṉār ciṟai rāmaṉ kera[ḷa]ṉ pakkalppoṉṉaṟakkoṇṭu maṇṇaṟa viṭṭeṉ virācani ammaiyappaṉ(appan) aḻaki-

⟨8⟩ ya coḻaṉāna etirili coḻacampuvarāyaṉneṉ [||*]

TRANSLATION.

Hail! Prosperity! From the month of Tai of the twenty-fourth year of the illustrious Tribhuvanachakravartin, the illustrious Rājarāja-deva, which was current during the Śaka year one thousand one hundred and sixty-one,—I, Vīrāśani-Ammaiyappaṉ Aṛagiya-Śoṛaṉ, alias Edirili-Śoṛa-Śambuvarāyaṉ, after having received gold from Rāma the Keraḷa a worshipper of Āya-īṉār (and an inhabitant) of Malai-maṇḍalam,—gave to the Vishṇu temple of Chitra-meṛi-Malai-maṇḍala, alias (the temple of) Aruḷāḷa-Perumāḷ, (at) Poygai, alias Rājendra-Śoṛa-nallūr, (the village of) Puttūr as exclusive property:—the trees overground and the wells underground, the wet land and the dry land, included within the boundaries in the four directions; the taxes and rights (which obtain) within the boundaries in the four directions; all the revenue in paddy, excluding tolls and the small tax for the village-police, and including the three handfuls of paddy (?); the rice in Kārttika, the money in Kārttika, the unripe (fruit) in Kārttika, velipayaṟu, 2 the money from water and land, the tax on looms, the tax on shops, • • • 3 the tax on goldsmiths, the tax on Ājīvakas, the tax on oil-mills, the money from (the sale of) the fish in the tank, 4• • • • • 5 the money for documents, and all other revenue in money; the antarāyam; 6 including all (other) revenue in paddy and revenue in money, including (that for) one Veṭṭi. ⟨Page 90⟩

⟨SIIv01p0i0062⟩ No. 62. ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE EAST WALL.

This inscription is a duplicate of No. 61. At the end some words are lost.

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī [||*] cakarayāṇṭu āyirat-

⟨2⟩ toruṉūṟṟaṟupattoṉṟu c-

⟨3⟩ ellāniṉṟa śrītiripuvaṉaccakkara-

⟨4⟩ vattikaḷ cirācarācatevaṟku yāṇṭu

⟨5⟩ irupattunālāvatu taimmātamu •1

⟨6⟩ poykaiyāṉa rācentiracoḻanal-

⟨7⟩ lūr cittirameḻimalaimaṇṭalaviṇ-

⟨8⟩ ṇakarāṉa ā 2ruḷāḷapperumāḷukku pu[t]tū[r*] nā-

⟨9⟩ ṟpāṟkellaikkumuṭpaṭṭa melno-

⟨10⟩ kkiṉa maramuṅkīṇokkiṉa kiṇaṟum nañc[e]-

⟨11⟩ y puṉcey nā[ṟ*]pāṟkellaikkumuṭpaṭṭa

⟨12⟩ kaṭamai kuṭimaikaḷum āyam pāṭikāval

⟨13⟩ ca 3lvari eṭuttukkoṭṭi arimukkai uṭ-

⟨14⟩ paṭappala nellāyaṅkaḷuṅkārttikaia-

⟨15⟩ rici kārttikaikkācu kārttikaippaccai ve-

⟨16⟩ lippayaṟu nirnilakkācu taṟiyiṟai kaṭaiyiṟai kāla-

⟨17⟩ kkappāṭṭam taṭṭārppāṭṭam ācuvakaka[ṭa]mai c-

⟨18⟩ ekkukkaṭamai erimiṉkācu iṉavari vakain-

⟨19⟩ ta k[ā*]cu paṭṭolaikkācu maṟṟumepperpa-

⟨20⟩ [ṭ]ṭa pala kācāyaṅkaḷumantarām 4 veṭṭitaṉi-

⟨21⟩ [y]āḷuṭpaṭa aṉaittu nellāyaṅkācāyaṅ-

⟨22⟩ kaḷumuṭppaṭattiruviṭaiyāṭṭamāka ma[lai]maṇ-

⟨23⟩ ṭalattu āya[ī]ṉār [ci]ṟai irāmaṉ keraḷaṉ pakka[l] • • • • • •

⟨SIIv01p0i0063⟩ No. 63. ON THE BASE OF THE EAST WALL.

This short inscription refers to the gift of the village of Puttūr, which is also recorded in the two preceding inscriptions.

TEXT.

⟨1⟩ poykai a[ruḷāḷa]rai puṉaintu puttūrum aiyyamaṟa koṇṭu avarkku ūrākkiṉāṉ ceyyamalarmātuyār niṉṟa malaināṭṭu vāḻ

⟨2⟩ vaṇikan ātiirāman keraḷan u

TRANSLATION.

The merchant Ādi-Rāma the Keraḷa, who lived in Malai-nāḍu, where the goddess with the red flower (Lakshmī) resides, having decorated Aruḷāḷar (of) Poygai, and having acquired as exclusive property (the village of) Puttūr, made it his (the god's) village.

⟨SIIv01p0i0064⟩ No. 64. ON THE NORTH WALL.

This inscription is dated in the 28th year of Rājarāja-deva, which was current after the expiration of the Śaka year 1165. It records the gift of the village of Attiyūr. ⟨Page 91⟩

TEXT.

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī [||*] cakaraiyāṇṭu āyiratt-

⟨2⟩ orunūṟṟaṟupattaiñcaṉ 1 mel cellāni-

⟨3⟩ ṉṟa śrīrājarājatevaṟku yāṇṭu 26 vata2

⟨4⟩ kaṟkaṭakanāyaṟu mutal cittirameḻimalaimaṇ-

⟨5⟩ ṭalaviṇṇakarāṉa poykai aruḷāḷapp-

⟨6⟩ erumāḷukku attiyūr tevatāṉantiruvi-

⟨7⟩ ṭaiāṭṭam paḷḷiccantantukkaipaṭṭi

⟨8⟩ piṭāripaṭṭi paṭṭavirutti vayittiyavirutti

⟨9⟩ nila niṅkal [nikki] nāṟpāṟkellaiyumuṭpa-

⟨10⟩ ṭṭa melṉokkiṉa maramuṅkiṇokkiya kiṇa-

⟨11⟩ ṟum nañce puñcey veṭṭitaṉiyāḷ ā-

⟨12⟩ [ya]m pāṭikāval kaṇkāṇi kaṇakkavari eṭuttu-

⟨13⟩ kkoṭṭi a[ri]mukkai uḷḷiṭṭa nell[ā]ya-

⟨14⟩ ṅkaḷum ve[ṭṭi]ppuṭavai mutaṟtiramam vakai-

⟨15⟩ nta kācu paṭṭ[o]laikkācu muḷḷaṭi ciṉṉam v-

⟨16⟩ elippayaṟu tāppaṭiarici accataṟi cālikait-

⟨17⟩ taṟi tūcakattaṟi [pa]ṟaittaṟi cekku[k]kaṭamai ācu-

⟨18⟩ vakakaṭamaiyumuḷḷiṭṭa kācukaṭamaiyum maṟ-

⟨19⟩ ṟumeppe[t 3]paṭṭa ne[l]lāyaṅkaḷuṅkāc-

⟨20⟩ āyaṅkaḷumuṭpaṭa āyakaṉār 4 ciṟai irāmaṉ ke-

⟨21⟩ (ka)raḷaceṭṭiyār pakkal poṉṉaṟakkoṇ-

⟨22⟩ ṭu maṇṇaṟappoykai aruḷāḷapperumā-

⟨23⟩ ḷukkuttiruviṭaiāṭṭamāka maṇṇaṟa viṭ-

⟨24⟩ ṭeṉ ceṅkeṇi virācaṉi ammaiappaṉ a-

⟨25⟩ ḻakiya coḻaṉāṉa etirili c[oḻa]ccampuvarāyaṉe[ṉ] [||*]

TRANSLATION.

Hail! Prosperity! From the month of Karkaṭaka of the 28th year of the illustrious Rājarāja-deva, which was current after the Śaka year one thousand one hundred and sixty-five (had passed),—I, Śeṅgeṇi-Vīrāśani-Ammaiappaṉ Aṛagiya-Śoṛaṉ, alias Edirili-Śoṛa-Śambuvarāyaṉ, after having received gold from the Keraḷa merchant Rāma, a worshipper of Āya-īṉār,—gave to the Vishṇu temple of Chitrameṛi-Malai-maṇḍala, alias (the temple of) Aruḷāḷa-Perumāḷ (at) Poygai, (the village of) Attiyūr as a divine gift (devadāna) and as exclusive property:—the trees overground and the wells underground, the wet land and the dry land, included within the boundaries in the four directions, excluding the land (called) Paḷḷichchandam, 5 Tukkai-paṭṭi, Piḍāripaṭṭi, 6 Bhaṭṭa-vṛitti and Vaidya-vṛitti; 7 the revenue in paddy, excluding (the revenue for) one Veṭṭi, tolls, and the tax for the overseer of the village-police and the accountant, and including the three handfuls of paddy (?); the taxes in money, including (that for) ⟨Page 92⟩ cloths of males and females, • • • • • 1 the money for documents, • • • 2 veli-payaru, the gleaned rice, 3• • • • • • the tax on oil-mills and the tax on Ājīvakas; including all other revenue in paddy and revenue in money.