Ukkal, Perumāḷ temple, time of Rājarāja Rājakesarivarman Rājarāja, year 1[7]

Authors of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis (emfr), Eugen Hultzsch.

Summary: ...

Languages: English (eng) [Latin (latin)], Tamil (tam) [Grantha (grantha), Tamil (tamil)].

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (tfa) (tfa-sii-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INStfaSIIv03p0i0006.

File path: DHARMA_INStfaSIIv03p0i0006.xml.

Version: 2026-04-17 20:51 (a6a6331), last modified 2025-09-24 17:36 (724458c).

Edition

⟨01⟩ svasti śrī tiru-makaḷ pōla-p peru-nila-c-celviyu¿t? taṉakkē Urimai pūṇṭa¿ṉam? maṉa-k-koḷa kāntaḷ¡u!r [c]ālai kalam a-
⟨2⟩ ṟutt-a[ru]ḷi vēṅkai-nā[ṭu]{m}ṉ kaṅka-pāṭiyum taṭikai-pāṭiyum nuḷampa-pāṭiyun kuṭa-malai-nāṭum ko-
⟨3⟩ llamum kaliṅkamum tiṇ-ṭiṟal veṉṟi-t taṇṭāṟ koṇṭa ta¡ṉṉ! eḻil vaḷar {uḻi} Ūḻiy¡ū!
⟨4⟩ Ellā yā[ṇṭu]{m}n to[ḻu]takai viḷaṅkum yāṇṭē ceḻiṉarai-t tēcu koḷ kō-v-irāja-rāja-rāja-kēsarivanma⟨r⟩k-
⟨5⟩ ki [yā]ṇṭu 10 [7]-Āvatu kāliyū[ṟ-k]ōṭṭattu taṉ kūṟṟu śiva-cūḷāmaṇi-maṅkalam-ākiya śrī-vikramābharaṇa-c-catu[r]vveti-maṅ-
⟨6⟩ kalattu Iv⟨v-ā⟩ṭṭai [dhanma-v]āri[ya]-p-perumakkaḷum [U]⟨ḷ⟩ḷiṭṭa mahā-sabhaiyōm Emm-¡u!r taṇṭal-u{U}ṭaiyāṅkaḷ maka-
⟨7⟩ ṉ nāramaka[trak=ka]ṉ va[pp¡u!r] ki[ḻava]r ka[nmi]kaṉ [vak=kuka]nteyārum Em-[mūr] cātta-kaṇattārum [A]mpala⟨t⟩til vaṭakkil m¿ā?hā-śā-
⟨8⟩ stāviṉ kōyi[li]l[ē Iru]n[tu] paṇitta Eḻuttu Em-[mū]r mahā-śāstāvu⟨kku⟩ tri-¿ś?andh¿a?kku-p pōḻtu Iru-nāḻ¿a?-y-ā⟨ka⟩ O[ru] nā[ḷai]k=ku ⟦A⟧ [Aṟu]
⟨9⟩ nāḻi[k=ku]m tri-sa¿s?dhik=kum p[ō]tu 2 10 <symbol> Eṇṇai-y-āka [E]ṇṇai ¿[cū]?ḻ[ā]kkē-[y] Iru ceviṭ’ araikkum āka Iva[mu]ri <symbol>-m miṭākai vi [<symbol>] pakka Em-[mūr]
⟨10⟩ [ki]ḻa[m]ai-y-u[ṭaiya taṭṭū]r kiḻavaṉ caṭai-[na]kka-śma makaṉ Aruḷ-śman-āṉa Eḻunū mā[ṇiyē ma]-
⟨11⟩ ṅkalamiṭi [n]el[lu]-p piṭittu-k [k]oṇṭum veṟṟilai vaṭṭil [Uri]-y nellum veṟṟi-
⟨12⟩ lai paṭali[k]ai[yā]l Oru paṟṟu veṟṟilaiy¡u!m ko¿ṇi?ṭu [I]p-pa[ri] muṭṭā[m]ē ca[n¡t!r]āti⟨t⟩ta-vaṟ ce-
⟨13⟩ yv’ [ā]kavum [Id-dhaṉ]mam cātta-kaṇattārē-y rakṣippā[r ā]kavum I⟨t⟩-ta[ṉ]-
⟨14⟩ ma{ta}t[tu] vi[ghnam] niṉṟār keṅkai y-iṭai-k kumari [y-iṭai]-y paṭṭār ce-
⟨15⟩ yta pā[va]m pa[ṭ¿a?]v[ār] āka[vu]m Iv[v-ū]ril [veṟṟi]lai viṟpār piṭāri kōyilil aṉ-
⟨16⟩ ṟi viṟṟārai Ēri-vā[ri]-
⟨17⟩ [ya]-p-peru-makkaḷē
⟨18⟩ [Ē]ri⟨k⟩ku mutal-āka kaḻa⟨ñ⟩[cu]
⟨19⟩ [p]oṉ taṇṭa¿tu? [ko]-
⟨20⟩ [ḷ]¿ṉ?a-p peṟuv’ āka-
⟨21⟩ [vu]m Ip-pari¿t?u paṇi-
⟨22⟩ ttō[m] mahā-[sa]bhaiyōm sabhaiyu¡ḷḷ! iruntu paṇi kēṭṭ’ eḻu[ti]¡n![ē]ṉ madhyas¡t!a-
⟨23⟩ ṉ [veṟ]ṟi-k-kuṟi n⟨ā⟩l-⟨ā⟩yiravaṉ makaṉ taṉma-[p]-piriyaṉ-ēṉ I

⟨01⟩ svasti śrī

1. Āciriyappā

tiru-makaḷ pōla-p peru-nila-c-celviyu⟨n⟩

taṉakkē Urimai pūṇṭa⟨mai⟩ maṉa-k-koḷa

kāntaḷ⟨ū⟩r [c]ālai kalam a⟨2⟩ṟutt-a[ru]ḷi

vēṅkai-nā[ṭu]{m}ṉ kaṅka-pāṭiyum

taṭikai-pāṭiyum nuḷampa-pāṭiyun

kuṭa-malai-nāṭum ko⟨3⟩llamum kaliṅkamum

tiṇ-ṭiṟal veṉṟi-t taṇṭāṟ koṇṭa ta⟨ṉ⟩

eḻil vaḷar {uḻi} Ūḻiy⟨uḷ⟩ ⟨4⟩ Ellā yā[ṇṭu]{m}n

to[ḻu]takai viḷaṅkum yāṇṭē

ceḻiṉarai-t tēcu koḷ

kō-v-irāja-rāja-rāja-kēsarivanma⟨r⟩k⟨5⟩ki [yā]ṇṭu 10 [7]-Āvatu

kāliyū[ṟ-k]ōṭṭattu taṉ kūṟṟu śiva-cūḷāmaṇi-maṅkalam-ākiya śrī-vikramābharaṇa-c-catu[r]vveti-maṅ⟨6⟩kalattu Iv⟨v-ā⟩ṭṭai [dhanma-v]āri[ya]-p-perumakkaḷum [U]⟨ḷ⟩ḷiṭṭa mahā-sabhaiyōm Emm-⟨ū⟩r taṇṭal-u{U}ṭaiyāṅkaḷ maka⟨7⟩ṉ nāramaka[trak=ka]ṉ va[pp⟨ū⟩r] ki[ḻava]r ka[nmi]kaṉ [vak=kuka]nteyārum Em-[mūr] cātta-kaṇattārum [A]mpala⟨t⟩til vaṭakkil m⟨a⟩hā-śā⟨8⟩stāviṉ kōyi[li]l[ē Iru]n[tu] paṇitta Eḻuttu

Em-[mū]r mahā-śāstāvu⟨kku⟩ tri-⟨s⟩andh⟨i⟩kku-p pōḻtu Iru-nāḻ⟨i⟩-y-ā⟨ka⟩ O[ru] nā[ḷai]k=ku ⟦A⟧ [Aṟu] ⟨9⟩ nāḻi[k=ku]m tri-sa⟨n⟩dhik=kum p[ō]tu 2 10 <symbol> Eṇṇai-y-āka [E]ṇṇai ⟨Ā⟩ḻ[ā]kkē-[y] Iru ceviṭ’ araikkum āka Iva[mu]ri <symbol>-m miṭākai vi [<symbol>] pakka Em-[mūr] ⟨10⟩ [ki]ḻa[m]ai-y-u[ṭaiya taṭṭū]r kiḻavaṉ caṭai-[na]kka-śma makaṉ Aruḷ-śman-āṉa Eḻunū mā[ṇiyē ma]⟨11⟩ṅkalamiṭi [n]el[lu]-p piṭittu-k [k]oṇṭum veṟṟilai vaṭṭil [Uri]-y nellum veṟṟi⟨12⟩lai paṭali[k]ai[yā]l Oru paṟṟu veṟṟilaiy⟨ū⟩m ko⟨ṇ⟩ṭu [I]p-pa[ri] muṭṭā[m]ē ca[n⟨d⟩r]āti⟨t⟩ta-vaṟ ce⟨13⟩yv’ [ā]kavum

[Id-dhaṉ]mam cātta-kaṇattārē-y rakṣippā[r ā]kavum

I⟨t⟩-ta[ṉ]⟨14⟩ma{ta}t[tu] vi[ghnam] niṉṟār keṅkai y-iṭai-k kumari [y-iṭai]-y paṭṭār ce⟨15⟩yta pā[va]m pa[ṭ⟨u⟩]v[ār] āka[vu]m

Iv[v-ū]ril [veṟṟi]lai viṟpār piṭāri kōyilil aṉ⟨16⟩ṟi viṟṟārai Ēri-vā[ri]⟨17⟩[ya]-p-peru-makkaḷē ⟨18⟩ [Ē]ri⟨k⟩ku mutal-āka kaḻa⟨ñ⟩[cu] ⟨19⟩ [p]oṉ taṇṭa⟨ṅ⟩ [ko]⟨20⟩[ḷ]⟨ḷ⟩a-p peṟuv’ āka⟨21⟩[vu]m

Ip-pari⟨c⟩u paṇi⟨22⟩ttō[m] mahā-[sa]bhaiyōm

sabhaiyu⟨ḷ⟩ iruntu paṇi kēṭṭ’ eḻu[ti]⟨ṉ⟩[ē]ṉ madhyas⟨tha⟩a⟨23⟩ṉ [veṟ]ṟi-k-kuṟi n⟨ā⟩l-⟨ā⟩yiravaṉ makaṉ taṉma-[p]-piriyaṉ-ēṉ

⟨01⟩ svasti śrī

1. Āciriyappā

tiru-makaḷ pōla-p peru-nila-c-celviyu¿t?⟨n⟩

taṉakkē Urimai pūṇṭa¿ṉam?⟨mai⟩ maṉa-k-koḷa

kāntaḷ¡u!⟨ū⟩r [c]ālai kalam a⟨2⟩ṟutt-a[ru]ḷi

vēṅkai-nā[ṭu]{m}ṉ kaṅka-pāṭiyum

taṭikai-pāṭiyum nuḷampa-pāṭiyun

kuṭa-malai-nāṭum ko⟨3⟩llamum kaliṅkamum

tiṇ-ṭiṟal veṉṟi-t taṇṭāṟ koṇṭa ta¡ṉṉ!⟨ṉ⟩

eḻil vaḷar {uḻi} Ūḻiy¡ū!⟨uḷ⟩ ⟨4⟩ Ellā yā[ṇṭu]{m}n

to[ḻu]takai viḷaṅkum yāṇṭē

ceḻiṉarai-t tēcu koḷ

kō-v-irāja-rāja-rāja-kēsarivanma⟨r⟩k⟨5⟩ki [yā]ṇṭu 10 [7]-Āvatu

kāliyū[ṟ-k]ōṭṭattu taṉ kūṟṟu śiva-cūḷāmaṇi-maṅkalam-ākiya śrī-vikramābharaṇa-c-catu[r]vveti-maṅ⟨6⟩kalattu Iv⟨v-ā⟩ṭṭai [dhanma-v]āri[ya]-p-perumakkaḷum [U]⟨ḷ⟩ḷiṭṭa mahā-sabhaiyōm Emm-¡u!⟨ū⟩r taṇṭal-u{U}ṭaiyāṅkaḷ maka⟨7⟩ṉ nāramaka[trak=ka]ṉ va[pp¡u!⟨ū⟩r] ki[ḻava]r ka[nmi]kaṉ [vak=kuka]nteyārum Em-[mūr] cātta-kaṇattārum [A]mpala⟨t⟩til vaṭakkil m¿ā?⟨a⟩hā-śā⟨8⟩stāviṉ kōyi[li]l[ē Iru]n[tu] paṇitta Eḻuttu

Em-[mū]r mahā-śāstāvu⟨kku⟩ tri-¿ś?⟨s⟩andh¿a?⟨i⟩kku-p pōḻtu Iru-nāḻ¿a?⟨i⟩-y-ā⟨ka⟩ O[ru] nā[ḷai]k=ku ⟦A⟧ [Aṟu] ⟨9⟩ nāḻi[k=ku]m tri-sa¿s?⟨n⟩dhik=kum p[ō]tu 2 10 <symbol> Eṇṇai-y-āka [E]ṇṇai ¿[cū]?⟨Ā⟩ḻ[ā]kkē-[y] Iru ceviṭ’ araikkum āka Iva[mu]ri <symbol>-m miṭākai vi [<symbol>] pakka Em-[mūr] ⟨10⟩ [ki]ḻa[m]ai-y-u[ṭaiya taṭṭū]r kiḻavaṉ caṭai-[na]kka-śma makaṉ Aruḷ-śman-āṉa Eḻunū mā[ṇiyē ma]⟨11⟩ṅkalamiṭi [n]el[lu]-p piṭittu-k [k]oṇṭum veṟṟilai vaṭṭil [Uri]-y nellum veṟṟi⟨12⟩lai paṭali[k]ai[yā]l Oru paṟṟu veṟṟilaiy¡u!⟨ū⟩m ko¿ṇi?⟨ṇ⟩ṭu [I]p-pa[ri] muṭṭā[m]ē ca[n¡t!⟨d⟩r]āti⟨t⟩ta-vaṟ ce⟨13⟩yv’ [ā]kavum

[Id-dhaṉ]mam cātta-kaṇattārē-y rakṣippā[r ā]kavum

I⟨t⟩-ta[ṉ]⟨14⟩ma{ta}t[tu] vi[ghnam] niṉṟār keṅkai y-iṭai-k kumari [y-iṭai]-y paṭṭār ce⟨15⟩yta pā[va]m pa[ṭ¿a?⟨u⟩]v[ār] āka[vu]m

Iv[v-ū]ril [veṟṟi]lai viṟpār piṭāri kōyilil aṉ⟨16⟩ṟi viṟṟārai Ēri-vā[ri]⟨17⟩[ya]-p-peru-makkaḷē ⟨18⟩ [Ē]ri⟨k⟩ku mutal-āka kaḻa⟨ñ⟩[cu] ⟨19⟩ [p]oṉ taṇṭa¿tu?⟨ṅ⟩ [ko]⟨20⟩[ḷ]¿ṉ?⟨ḷ⟩a-p peṟuv’ āka⟨21⟩[vu]m

Ip-pari¿t?⟨c⟩u paṇi⟨22⟩ttō[m] mahā-[sa]bhaiyōm

sabhaiyu¡ḷḷ!⟨ḷ⟩ iruntu paṇi kēṭṭ’ eḻu[ti]¡n!⟨ṉ⟩[ē]ṉ madhyas¡t!⟨tha⟩a⟨23⟩ṉ [veṟ]ṟi-k-kuṟi n⟨ā⟩l-⟨ā⟩yiravaṉ makaṉ taṉma-[p]-piriyaṉ-ēṉ

Apparatus

⟨01⟩ svasti śrī ⬦ SII • SII notes: “These two words are engraved in large letters to the left of lines (1) to 3.”

⟨5⟩ °catu[r]vveti° ⬦ SII • SII notes: “Read caturvedi.”

⟨8⟩ O[ru] nā[ḷai]k=ku ⟦A⟧ ⬦ SII • SII notes: “Here follows a Grantha, a, which appears to have been cancelled by placing over it a curve resembling i.”

⟨9⟩ 2 10 <symbol> Eṇṇai-y-āka ⬦ SII • SII notes: “The symbol following 20 looks like nr̥ and may be an abbreviation of a word denoting some small measure for liquids.” — ⟨9⟩ ¿[cū]?⟨Ā⟩ḻ[ā]kkē-[y] ⬦ SII • Initial a and cu are sometimes not easily distinguishable. It is possible that the original letter is an initial a, more or less well executed. — ⟨9⟩ <symbol>-m ⬦ [1+] m SII • SII notes: “The symbol preceding m looks like nda.” — ⟨9⟩ [<symbol>] ⬦ [ja] SII • SII notes: “This symbol is an abbreviation for nellu; see p. 7, note 8.”

⟨14⟩ °ma{ta}t[tu] ⬦ °matat[tu] SII • SII notes: “Read mattukku.” — ⟨14⟩ vi[ghnam] ⬦ vi[2+] SII • SII notes: “Read ghnam.”

⟨23⟩ I ⬦ ¿I?⟨śrī⟩ SII.

Translation by Hultzsch 1899

⟨1⟩ Hail! Prosperity! In the 1[7]th year ⟨of the reign⟩ of king Rājarāja-Rājakesarivarman, who, in his long life¹ of growing strength, during which,——⟨in⟩ the belief that, as well as the goddess of fortune, the goddess of the great earth had become his wife,——he was pleased to destroy the ships ⟨at⟩ Kāntaḷūr-Cālai, and conquered by ⟨his⟩ army, which was victorious in great battles, Vēṅkai-nāṭu, Kaṅka-pāṭi, Taṭikai-pāṭi, Nuḷampa-pāṭi, Kuṭamalai-nāṭu, Kollam and Kaliṅkam,——deprived the Ceḻiñas of ⟨their⟩ splendour at the very moment when Utakai, which is worshipped everywhere, was ⟨most⟩ resplendent;——⟨the subjoined⟩ document was drawn up by ⟨the following persons⟩ who were present in the temple of Mahāśāstā, in the hall (ampalam) to the north ⟨of it⟩: We, the great assembly of Śivacūḷāmaṇimaṅgala, alias Śrī-Vikramābharaṇa-caturvēdimaṅgala, ⟨a village⟩ in its own subdivision of Kāliyūr-kōṭṭam, including the great men elected for ⟨the management of⟩ charities (?) during this year; [10+] in our village; and the commissioners² ⟨in charge of the temple⟩ of Cāttaṉ in our village.

⟨8⟩ To ⟨the temple of⟩ Mahāśāstā in our village, at each of the three times of the day³ two nāḻis ⟨of rice⟩, i.e. on each day six nāḻis; at each of the three times of the day, 20 [5+] of oil, i.e. ⟨one⟩ āḻākku and two ceviṭus and a half of oil [10+]

⟨9⟩ Aruḷś[ar]man, alias Eḻunū[ṟṟuvaṉ], the son of Caṭai[na]kkaś[ar]ma[n], the headman of [Taṭṭū]r, who is ⟨also⟩ the headman of our village, [10+] having taken paddy ⟨in his hand⟩ and having taken ⟨one⟩ uri of paddy ⟨on ⟩a betel-leaf tray (vaṭṭil) and one bundle (?) of betel-leaves on a betel-leaf plate (paṭalikai),——it shall thus be done without fail as long as the moon and the sun exist.

⟨13⟩ The commissioners ⟨of the temple⟩ of Cāttaṉ shall protect this charity. Those who cause obstruction to this charity, shall incur ⟨all⟩ the sins committed between the Gaṅgā and Kumari.

⟨15⟩ The great men elected for ⟨the supervision of⟩ the tank shall be entitled to levy a fine of ⟨one⟩ kaḻañcu of gold in favour of the tank-fund from those betel-leaf sellers in this village, who sell ⟨betel-leaves⟩ elsewhere but at the temple of Piṭāri.

⟨21⟩ Thus we, the great assembly, have ordered. Having been present in the assembly and having heard ⟨their⟩ order, I, the arbitrator Dharmapriyaṉ, the son of [Veṟ]ṟikkuṟi Nālāyiravaṉ, wrote ⟨this⟩. Prosperity !

Translation

⟨01⟩ Prosperity! Fortune!

⟨4–5⟩ 17th year of the king Rājarāja Rājakesarivarman,

⟨1–4⟩ who ... [meykkīrtti of Rājarāja I Cōḻa]

⟨5⟩ Writ that, We, the members of the great assembly, including ... ordered, while seating in the temple of Mahāśāsta ...

⟨8–13⟩

So that there be ... and
so that there be ...

... should be done as long as the moon and the sun.

⟨13⟩ The ... (cāttakaṇattār) should be the protectors of this dharma.

⟨13–15⟩ He who stands as an obstacle to this dharma should encur ...

⟨16–21⟩ ...

⟨21–22⟩ Thus We ordered, We, the members of the great assembly.

⟨22–23⟩ ...

Bibliography

Reported in ARIE 1892-93 (ARIE/1892-1893/B/1893/23).

Edited in Hultzsch 1899, with English translation (SII 3.6).

This edition by Emmanuel Francis (2024), based on Hultzsch 1899, published visual documentation and photos (Valérie Gillet, 2008).

Primary

[SII] Hultzsch, Eugen Julius Theodor. 1899. South-Indian inscriptions. Volume III: Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil country. Part I: Inscriptions at Ukkal, Melpadi, Karuvur, Manimangalam and Tiruvallam. South Indian Inscriptions 3.1. Madras: Government Press. Pages 9–11, item 6.

Secondary

ARIE 1892-93. G.O. Nos. 642-43, 14th August 1893. Epigraphy. Directing, with remarks, Dr. Hultzsch’s report on Epigraphical work done during 1892-93 be forwarded to the Govrnement of India and approving of the programme for the next field season. Edited by Eugen Julius Theodor Hultzsch. Madras: Government of Madras, Public Department, 1893. Page 13, appendix B/1893, item 23.

Notes

1. This inscription reads taṉṉeḻil vaḷarūḻi ūḻiyuḷ instead of taṉṉeḻil vaḷarūḻiyuḷ.
2. The term kaṇattār occurred before in No. 1, l. 4.
3. The ‘three times of the day’ (trisaṃdhi or trikāla) are sunrise, noon, and nightfall. Compare Vol. I. No. 53, and Vol. II. No. 9, paragraph 2; No. 24, paragraphs 2 and 3; and No. 35, paragraph 2.

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The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)

under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant

agreement no 809994).

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Public URIs with the prefix bib to point to a Zotero Group Library named

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Internal URIs using the part prefix to point to person elements in the

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<change who="part:emfr" when="2024-04-08">Creation of the file on the

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<body>

<ab>

<lb n="01"/><hi rend="grantha">svasti śrī</hi>

</ab>

<l n="1">tiru-makaḷ pōla-p peru-nila-c-celviyu<choice><sic>t</sic><corr>n</corr></choice></l>

<l n="2">taṉakkē Urimai pūṇṭa<choice><sic>ṉam</sic><corr>mai</corr></choice> maṉa-k-koḷa</l>

<l n="3">kāntaḷ<choice><orig>u</orig><reg>ū</reg></choice>r <supplied reason="undefined">c</supplied>ālai kalam a<lb n="2" break="no"/>ṟutt-a<supplied reason="undefined">ru</supplied>ḷi</l>

<l n="4">vēṅkai-nā<supplied reason="undefined">ṭu</supplied><surplus>m</surplus>ṉ kaṅka-pāṭiyum</l>

<l n="5">taṭikai-pāṭiyum nuḷampa-pāṭiyun</l>

<l n="6">kuṭa-malai-nāṭum ko<lb n="3" break="no"/>llamum kaliṅkamum</l>

<l n="7">tiṇ-ṭiṟal veṉṟi-t taṇṭāṟ koṇṭa ta<choice><orig>ṉṉ</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice></l>

<l n="8">eḻil vaḷar <surplus>uḻi</surplus> Ūḻiy<choice><orig>ū</orig><reg>uḷ</reg></choice> <lb n="4"/> Ellā yā<supplied reason="undefined">ṇṭu</supplied><surplus>m</surplus>n</l>

<l n="9">to<supplied reason="undefined">ḻu</supplied>takai viḷaṅkum yāṇṭē</l>

<l n="10">ceḻiṉarai-t tēcu koḷ</l>

</lg>

kō-v-i<hi rend="grantha">rāja-rāja-rāja</hi>-kē<hi rend="grantha">sari</hi>va<hi rend="grantha">nma</hi><supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>k

<lb n="5" break="no"/>ki <supplied reason="undefined">yā</supplied>ṇṭu <num value="17"><g type="numeral">10</g> <supplied reason="undefined">7</supplied></num>-Āvatu

kāliyū<supplied reason="undefined">ṟ-k</supplied>ōṭṭattu taṉ kūṟṟu <hi rend="grantha">śiva-cūḷā</hi>maṇi-maṅkalam-ākiya <hi rend="grantha">śrī-vikra</hi>mā<hi rend="grantha">bhara</hi>ṇa<hi rend="grantha">-c-catu<supplied reason="undefined">r</supplied>vve</hi>ti-maṅ

<lb n="6" break="no"/>kalattu Iv<supplied reason="omitted">v-ā</supplied>ṭṭai <hi rend="grantha"><supplied reason="undefined">dhanma-v</supplied>ā</hi>ri<supplied reason="undefined">ya</supplied>-p-perumakkaḷum <supplied reason="undefined">U</supplied><supplied reason="omitted">ḷ</supplied>ḷiṭṭa <hi rend="grantha">mahā-sabhai</hi>yōm

Emm-<choice><orig>u</orig><reg>ū</reg></choice>r taṇṭal-u<surplus>U</surplus>ṭaiyāṅkaḷ maka

<lb n="7" break="no"/>ṉ nāramaka<supplied reason="undefined">t<hi rend="grantha">ra</hi>k=ka</supplied>ṉ va<supplied reason="undefined">pp<choice><orig>u</orig><reg>ū</reg></choice>r</supplied> ki<supplied reason="undefined">ḻava</supplied>r ka<hi rend="grantha"><supplied reason="undefined">nmi</supplied></hi>kaṉ <supplied reason="undefined">vak=kuka</supplied>nteyārum Em-<supplied reason="undefined">mūr</supplied> cātta-kaṇattārum <supplied reason="undefined">A</supplied>mpala<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>til vaṭakkil <hi rend="grantha">m<choice><sic>ā</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>hā-śā</hi>

<lb n="8" break="no"/><hi rend="grantha">stā</hi>viṉ kōyi<supplied reason="undefined">li</supplied>l<supplied reason="undefined">ē Iru</supplied>n<supplied reason="undefined">tu</supplied> paṇitta Eḻuttu

Em-<supplied reason="undefined">mū</supplied>r <hi rend="grantha">ma</hi>hā-<hi rend="grantha">śāstā</hi>vu<supplied reason="omitted">kku</supplied> t<hi rend="grantha">ri-<choice><sic>ś</sic><corr>s</corr></choice>andh<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>i</corr></choice></hi>kku-p pōḻtu Iru-nāḻ<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>-y-ā<supplied reason="omitted">ka</supplied> O<supplied reason="undefined">ru</supplied> nā<supplied reason="undefined">ḷai</supplied>k=ku <del><hi rend="grantha">A</hi></del> <supplied reason="undefined">Aṟu</supplied>

<lb n="9"/>nāḻi<supplied reason="undefined">k=ku</supplied>m t<hi rend="grantha">ri-sa<choice><sic>s</sic><corr>n</corr></choice>dhi</hi>k=kum p<supplied reason="undefined">ō</supplied>tu <num value="20">2 <g type="numeral">10</g></num> <g type="undefined"/> Eṇṇai-y-āka <supplied reason="undefined">E</supplied>ṇṇai <choice><sic><supplied reason="undefined">cū</supplied></sic><corr>Ā</corr></choice>ḻ<supplied reason="undefined">ā</supplied>kkē-<supplied reason="undefined">y</supplied> Iru ceviṭ' araikkum āka Iva<supplied reason="undefined">mu</supplied>ri <g type="undefined"/>-m miṭākai vi <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="nel"/></supplied> pakka Em-<supplied reason="undefined">mūr</supplied>

<lb n="10"/><supplied reason="undefined">ki</supplied>ḻa<supplied reason="undefined">m</supplied>ai-y-u<supplied reason="undefined">ṭaiya taṭṭū</supplied>r kiḻavaṉ caṭai-<supplied reason="undefined">na</supplied>kka-<hi rend="grantha">śma</hi> makaṉ Aruḷ-<hi rend="grantha">śma</hi>n-āṉa Eḻunū mā<supplied reason="undefined">ṇiyē ma</supplied>

<lb n="11" break="no"/>ṅkalamiṭi <supplied reason="undefined">n</supplied>el<supplied reason="undefined">lu</supplied>-p piṭittu-k <supplied reason="undefined">k</supplied>oṇṭum veṟṟilai vaṭṭil <supplied reason="undefined">Uri</supplied>-y nellum veṟṟi

<lb n="12" break="no"/>lai paṭali<supplied reason="undefined">k</supplied>ai<supplied reason="undefined">yā</supplied>l Oru paṟṟu veṟṟilaiy<choice><orig>u</orig><reg>ū</reg></choice>m ko<choice><sic>ṇi</sic><corr>ṇ</corr></choice>ṭu <supplied reason="undefined">I</supplied>p-pa<supplied reason="undefined">ri</supplied> muṭṭā<supplied reason="undefined">m</supplied>ē ca<hi rend="grantha"><supplied reason="undefined">n<choice><orig>t</orig><reg>d</reg></choice>r</supplied>ā</hi>ti<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>ta-vaṟ ce

<lb n="13" break="no"/>yv' <supplied reason="undefined">ā</supplied>kavum

<supplied reason="undefined">I<hi rend="grantha">d-dha</hi>ṉ</supplied>mam cātta-kaṇattārē-y <hi rend="grantha">rakṣi</hi>ppā<supplied reason="undefined">r ā</supplied>kavum

I<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied>-ta<supplied reason="undefined">ṉ</supplied>

<lb n="14" break="no"/>ma<surplus>ta</surplus>t<supplied reason="undefined">tu</supplied> vi<supplied reason="lost"><hi rend="grantha">ghna</hi>m</supplied> niṉṟār keṅkai y-iṭai-k kumari <supplied reason="undefined">y-iṭai</supplied>-y paṭṭār ce

<lb n="15" break="no"/>yta pā<supplied reason="undefined">va</supplied>m pa<supplied reason="undefined">ṭ<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>u</corr></choice></supplied>v<supplied reason="undefined">ār</supplied> āka<supplied reason="undefined">vu</supplied>m

Iv<supplied reason="undefined">v-ū</supplied>ril <supplied reason="undefined">veṟṟi</supplied>lai viṟpār piṭāri kōyilil aṉ

<lb n="16" break="no"/>ṟi viṟṟārai Ēri-vā<supplied reason="undefined">ri</supplied>

<lb n="17" break="no"/><supplied reason="undefined">ya</supplied>-p-peru-makkaḷē

<lb n="18"/><supplied reason="undefined">Ē</supplied>ri<supplied reason="omitted">k</supplied>ku mutal-āka kaḻa<supplied reason="omitted">ñ</supplied><supplied reason="undefined">cu</supplied>

<lb n="19"/><supplied reason="undefined">p</supplied>oṉ taṇṭa<choice><sic>tu</sic><corr>ṅ</corr></choice> <supplied reason="undefined">ko</supplied>

<lb n="20" break="no"/><supplied reason="undefined">ḷ</supplied><choice><sic>ṉ</sic><corr>ḷ</corr></choice>a-p peṟuv' āka

<lb n="21" break="no"/><supplied reason="undefined">vu</supplied>m

Ip-pari<choice><sic>t</sic><corr>c</corr></choice>u paṇi

<lb n="22" break="no"/>ttō<supplied reason="undefined">m</supplied> <hi rend="grantha">mahā-<supplied reason="undefined">sa</supplied>bhai</hi>yōm

<hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yu<choice><orig>ḷḷ</orig><reg>ḷ</reg></choice> iruntu paṇi kēṭṭ' eḻu<supplied reason="undefined">ti</supplied><choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice><supplied reason="undefined">ē</supplied>ṉ ma<hi rend="grantha">dhyas<choice><orig>t</orig><reg>tha</reg></choice>a</hi>

<lb n="23" break="no"/>ṉ <supplied reason="undefined">veṟ</supplied>ṟi-k-kuṟi n<supplied reason="omitted">ā</supplied>l-<supplied reason="omitted">ā</supplied>yiravaṉ makaṉ taṉma-<supplied reason="undefined">p</supplied>-piriyaṉ-ēṉ

</div>

<!--<app loc="0">

</app>-->

<lem>svasti śrī</lem>

<note><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1899_01"/> notes: <quote>These two words are engraved in large letters to the left of lines <unclear>1</unclear> to 3.</quote></note>

</app>

<note><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1899_01"/> notes: <quote>Read <hi rend="grantha">caturvedi</hi>.</quote></note>

</app>

<note><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1899_01"/> notes: <quote>Here follows a Grantha, <foreign>a</foreign>, which appears to have been cancelled by placing over it a curve resembling <foreign>i</foreign>.</quote></note>

</app>

<lem><num value="20">2 <g type="numeral">10</g></num> <g type="undefined"/> Eṇṇai-y-āka</lem>

<note><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1899_01"/> notes: <quote>The symbol following 20 looks like <foreign><hi rend="grantha">nr̥</hi> </foreign>and may be an abbreviation of a word denoting some small measure for liquids.</quote></note>

</app>

<note>Initial <foreign>a</foreign> and <foreign>cu</foreign> are sometimes not easily distinguishable. It is possible that the original letter is an initial <foreign>a</foreign>, more or less well executed.</note>

</app>

<note><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1899_01"/> notes: <quote>The symbol preceding <foreign>m</foreign> looks like <foreign><hi rend="grantha">nda</hi></foreign>.</quote></note>

</app>

<note><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1899_01"/> notes: <quote>This symbol is an abbreviation for <foreign>nellu;</foreign> see p. 7, note 8.</quote></note>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Hultzsch1899_01">°matat<supplied reason="undefined">tu</supplied></rdg>

<note><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1899_01"/> notes: <quote>Read <foreign>mattukku</foreign>.</quote></note>

</app>

<note><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1899_01"/> notes: <quote>Read <hi rend="grantha">ghna</hi>m.</quote></note>

</app>

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

Hail! Prosperity! In the 1<supplied reason="undefined">7</supplied>th year <supplied reason="subaudible">of the reign</supplied> of king Rājarāja-Rājakesarivarman, who, in his long life<note>This inscription reads <foreign>taṉṉeḻil vaḷarūḻi ūḻiyuḷ</foreign> instead of <foreign>taṉṉeḻil vaḷarūḻiyuḷ</foreign>.</note> of growing strength, during which,——<supplied reason="subaudible">in</supplied> the belief that, as well as the goddess of fortune, the goddess of the great earth had become his wife,——he was pleased to destroy the ships <supplied reason="subaudible">at</supplied> Kāntaḷūr-Cālai, and conquered by <supplied reason="subaudible">his</supplied> army, which was victorious in great battles, Vēṅkai-nāṭu, Kaṅka-pāṭi, Taṭikai-pāṭi, Nuḷampa-pāṭi, Kuṭamalai-nāṭu, Kollam and Kaliṅkam,——deprived the Ceḻiñas of <supplied reason="subaudible">their</supplied> splendour at the very moment when Utakai, which is worshipped everywhere, was <supplied reason="subaudible">most</supplied> resplendent;——<supplied reason="subaudible">the subjoined</supplied> document was drawn up by <supplied reason="subaudible">the following persons</supplied> who were present in the temple of Mahāśāstā, in the hall <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ampalam</foreign></supplied> to the north <supplied reason="subaudible">of it</supplied>: We, the great assembly of Śivacūḷāmaṇimaṅgala, <hi rend="italic">alias</hi> Śrī-Vikramābharaṇa-caturvēdimaṅgala, <supplied reason="subaudible">a village</supplied> in its own subdivision of Kāliyūr-kōṭṭam, including the great men elected for <supplied reason="subaudible">the management of</supplied> charities (?) during this year; <gap reason="lost" quantity="10" unit="character"/> in our village; and the commissioners<note>The term <foreign>kaṇattār</foreign> occurred before in No. 1, l. 4.</note> <supplied reason="subaudible">in charge of the temple</supplied> of Cāttaṉ in our village.

To <supplied reason="subaudible">the temple of</supplied> Mahāśāstā in our village, at each of the three times of the day<note>The ‘three times of the day’ (<foreign>trisaṃdhi</foreign> or <foreign>trikāla</foreign>) are sunrise, noon, and nightfall. Compare Vol. I. No. 53, and Vol. II. No. 9, paragraph 2; No. 24, paragraphs 2 and 3; and No. 35, paragraph 2.</note> two <foreign>nāḻi</foreign>s <supplied reason="subaudible">of rice</supplied>, <hi rend="italic">i.e.</hi> on each day six <foreign>nāḻi</foreign>s; at each of the three times of the day, 20 <gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character"/> of oil, <hi rend="italic">i.e.</hi> <supplied reason="subaudible">one</supplied> <foreign>āḻākku</foreign> and two <foreign>ceviṭu</foreign>s and a half of oil <gap reason="lost" quantity="10" unit="character"/>

Aruḷś<supplied reason="undefined">ar</supplied>man, <hi rend="italic">alias</hi> Eḻunū<supplied reason="undefined">ṟṟuvaṉ</supplied>, the son of Caṭai<supplied reason="undefined">na</supplied>kkaś<supplied reason="undefined">ar</supplied>ma<supplied reason="undefined">n</supplied>, the headman of <supplied reason="undefined">Taṭṭū</supplied>r, who is <supplied reason="subaudible">also</supplied> the headman of our village, <gap reason="lost" quantity="10" unit="character"/> having taken paddy <supplied reason="subaudible">in his hand</supplied> and having taken <supplied reason="subaudible">one</supplied> <foreign>uri</foreign> of paddy <supplied reason="subaudible">on </supplied>a betel-leaf tray <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vaṭṭil</foreign></supplied> and one bundle (?) of betel-leaves on a betel-leaf plate <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>paṭalikai</foreign></supplied>,——it shall thus be done without fail as long as the moon and the sun exist.

The commissioners <supplied reason="subaudible">of the temple</supplied> of Cāttaṉ shall protect this charity. Those who cause obstruction to this charity, shall incur <supplied reason="subaudible">all</supplied> the sins committed between the Gaṅgā and Kumari.

The great men elected for <supplied reason="subaudible">the supervision of</supplied> the tank shall be entitled to levy a fine of <supplied reason="subaudible">one</supplied> <foreign>kaḻañcu</foreign> of gold in favour of the tank-fund from those betel-leaf sellers in this village, who sell <supplied reason="subaudible">betel-leaves</supplied> elsewhere but at the temple of Piṭāri.

Thus we, the great assembly, have ordered. Having been present in the assembly and having heard <supplied reason="subaudible">their</supplied> order, I, the arbitrator Dharmapriyaṉ, the son of <supplied reason="undefined">Veṟ</supplied>ṟikkuṟi Nālāyiravaṉ, wrote <supplied reason="subaudible">this</supplied>. Prosperity !

</div>

Prosperity! Fortune!

17th year of the king Rājarāja Rājakesarivarman,

who ... [<foreign>meykkīrtti</foreign> of Rājarāja I Cōḻa]

Writ that, We, the members of the great assembly, including

...

ordered, while seating in the temple of Mahāśāsta

...

<list>

<item>So that there be ... and</item>

<item>so that there be ...</item>

</list>

...

should be done as long as the moon and the sun.

The ... <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>cāttakaṇattār</foreign></supplied> should be the protectors of this <foreign>dharma</foreign>.

He who stands as an obstacle to this <foreign>dharma</foreign> should encur ...

...

Thus We ordered, We, the members of the great assembly.

...

</div>

<!--<div type="commentary">

</div>-->

Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1892-1893"/></bibl> (ARIE/1892-1893/B/1893/23).

Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1899_01"/></bibl>, with English translation (SII 3.6).

This edition by Emmanuel Francis (2024), based on <bibl><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1899_01"/></bibl>, published visual documentation and photos (Valérie Gillet, 2008).

</bibl>

</listBibl>

<bibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

</div>

</body>

</text>

</TEI>