Tiruvāvaṭutuṟai, Gomuktīśvara, time of Parakesarivarman, year 38

Editors: Renato Dávalos, Emmanuel Francis, N. Ramaswamy.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSTiruvavatuturai10002.

Summary: Land donation, that is, remission of taxes by provision of gold for tax payment, by Tirukkaṟṟaḷi Piccar to the god (deva) of Tiruvāvaṭutuṟai.

Hand description:

No distinction between e and ē, nor between o and ō.

Medial i and ī interchangeable.

The letter ṉ looks like ḷ.

Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil.

Repository: Tiruvāvaṭutuṟai (tfa-tiruvavatuturai-TN-epigraphy).

Version: 2025-01-19 07:03 (fdf8d69), last modified 2024-10-29 17:21 (9677e03).

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī

mat¡i!⟨u⟩rai koṇṭa kō-p-para-kēcari⟨2⟩-paṉmaṟkku yāṇṭu muppatt’ eṭṭ-āva⟨3⟩tu

teṉ-karai-t tiru-vaḻuntūr-nāṭṭu brahma⟨4⟩deyam ciṟṟāṉaiccūr sabhaiyōm śrī-ti⟨5⟩ru-v-āvaṭu-tuṟai tiru-k-kaṟṟaḷi-p-piccar iṭai⟨6⟩-p poṉ koṇṭu śrī-tiru-v-āvaṭu-tuṟai deva⟨7⟩rkku Iṟai kāt(tu)-[k] (ku)ṭukkum n[i](la)ttuk’ el⟨8⟩lai

vāṇiyaṉ peru-(va)ḻikku mēṟkkum
teṉ-pā⟨9⟩ṟk’ ellai vaḻi-(va)rampukku vaṭakkum
mēl⟨10⟩-pāṟk’ ellai Uṭ[ci]ṟu-vāy-k-kālukku-k kiḻak⟨11⟩kum
vata-pāṟk’ ellai Iluppai-c-ceykku te⟨12⟩ṟkum

Iṉ-ṉāṉk’ ellaiyilum Aka-p-paṭ⟨13⟩ṭa nilam kālum

(mu)tta-caṅkara-māṟaṉ iṭai vi⟨14⟩lai koṇṭa nilatukk’ ellai

k¡i!⟨ī⟩ḻ-pāṟ⟨15⟩k’ ellai tāyaṉ kāṭaṉ devarkku vilai ⟨16⟩ koṇṭa nilattukku [mē](ṟkum)
te(ṉ)-pārk’ e⟨17⟩llai vaḻi-varampukku vaṭakkum
mēl-pārk’ e⟨18⟩llai Uṭciṟu-vāy-k-kakukku-k kiḻakkum
vaṭa⟨19⟩-pāṟk’ ellai kaṭampaṉ vāy-k-kālukku-t te⟨20⟩ṟkum

Iṉ-ṉāṉk’ ellaiyilum Aka-p-paṭṭa ⟨21⟩ nilam mu-m-mā v-araiyum mēṟ-pulattu Iru⟨22⟩-māvum Āka Oṉpatu mā v-araiyum vācalil ⟨23⟩ pō¡ṉ!⟨n⟩ta kuṭimai Ūr (iṭu) vari-[p]-(pāṭu)m ceṉṉ¡i!⟨ī⟩r-ve⟨24⟩(ṭṭ)iyum candrādit=ta-val Iṟai kāttu-k kuṭup⟨25⟩pōm ā(y) kallil veṭṭi-k kuṭuttōm ciṟṟā⟨26⟩(ṉai)ccū(r) (sa)bhaiyōm

I¡ṉ-ṉ!⟨n-n⟩ilattil Eṇ mā ⟨27⟩ (v-a)raiyu [1+] mām pāttiyil (A)rai māvum Iraṇ⟨28⟩(ṭu) [ca. 3+] ti Arai-k kāṟ cey [na](n=t)[ā](va)ṉam tiru-t⟨29⟩[ca. 2+](ṟaikku) tiru-Uvaccakaḷuk(ku) (can)¡(t)!⟨(d)⟩(r)āditya-vaṟ ⟨30⟩ nivan=tam ceytu kuṭuttēṉ kaṟṟaḷi-p-pi⟨31⟩caṉ-ēṉ

Itu panmāheśvara-rakṣai ⁋

Apparatus

⟨7⟩ Iṟai kāt(tu)[k] (ku)ṭukkum • Compare Iṟai kāttuk kuṭuppōm (lines 24-25).

⟨22⟩ vācalil ⟨23⟩ pō¡ṉ!⟨n⟩ta kuṭimai Ūr (iṭu) vari[p](pāṭu)m • Compare vācalil pōn=ta kuṭimaiyum Ūr iṭu varippāṭum (ARIE/1924-1925/B/1925/112).

Translation by Emmanuel Francis

(1) Prosperity! Fortune!

(1–3) Thirty-eighth year of the king Parakesarivarman, who took Maturai.

(3–12) The boundaries of the land, which, we, the members of the assembly of Ciṟṟāṉaiccūr, a brahmadeya in the Tiraivaḻuntūrnāṭu on the southern bank give, taking care of the tax money (iṟaik kāṭṭu), after receiving gold from Tirukkaṟṟaḷi Piccar of the glorious Tiruvāvaṭutuṟai, for the god of the glorious Tiruvāvaṭutuṟai [are as follows]:

[the eastern boundary is] west of … of the main road Vāṇiyaṉ;
the southern boundary [is] north of …;
the western boundary [is] east of …;
the northern boundary [is] south of Iluppaiceykku.

(12–13) The land comprised between these four boundaries [amounts to] a quarter [vēli].

(13–20) The boundaries of the land got after sale/purchase from Mutta Caṅkara Māṟāṉ [are as follows]:

the eastern boundary [is] west of …;
the southern boundary [is] north of ….;
the western boundary [is] east of …;
the northern boundary [is] south of the Katampaṉ channel.

(20–26) The land comprised between these four boundaries, that is, …, we, the members of the assembly of Ciṟṟāṉaiccūr, being those who give (kuṭuppōm), taking care of the tax money, as long as the moon and the sun, we have given (kuṭuttōm) [it], having engraved [this agreement] on stone¹.

(26–29) From this land, …, for the glorious drummers, I, Tirukkaṟṟaḷi Piccaṉ, have given …, after making a binding agreement, as long as the moon and the sun.

(29) This [is under] the protection of the many Māheśvaras.

Bibliography

Reported in Venkoba Rao 1926 (ARIE/1924-1925/B/1925/141).

This edition by Renato Davalos, Emmanuel Francis, and Babu N. Ramaswamy (2024), based on photos (EFEO, 2006; E. Francis, 2024; M. Trento, 2024) and autopsy (2024).

ASI transcript and estampage, if any, yet to be consulted.

Secondary

Venkoba Rao, G. 1926. Annual report on South-Indian epigraphy for the year ending 31st March 1925. Calcutta: Government Press. Page 28, appendix B/1925, item 141.

Notes

1. That is, having this record engraved on stone.

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<lb n="1"/>svasti śrī

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mat<choice><orig>i</orig><reg>u</reg></choice>rai koṇṭa kō-p-para-kēcari

<lb n="2" break="no"/>-paṉmaṟkku yāṇṭu muppatt’ eṭṭ-āva

<lb n="3" break="no"/>tu

teṉ-karai-t tiru-vaḻuntūr-nāṭṭu <hi rend="grantha">brahma</hi>

<lb n="4" break="no"/><hi rend="grantha">de</hi>yam ciṟṟāṉaiccūr <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yōm <hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>-ti

<lb n="5" break="no"/>ru-v-āvaṭu-tuṟai tiru-k-kaṟṟaḷi-p-piccar iṭai

<lb n="6" break="no"/>-p poṉ koṇṭu <hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>-tiru-v-āvaṭu-tuṟai <hi rend="grantha">de</hi>va

<lb n="7" break="no"/>rkku Iṟai kāt<unclear>tu</unclear>-<supplied reason="lost">k</supplied> <unclear>ku</unclear>ṭukkum

n<supplied reason="lost">i</supplied><unclear>la</unclear>ttuk’ el

<lb n="8" break="no"/>lai

<list>

<item>vāṇiyaṉ peru-<unclear>va</unclear>ḻikku mēṟkkum</item>

<item>teṉ-pā

<lb n="9" break="no"/>ṟk’ ellai vaḻi-<unclear>va</unclear>rampukku vaṭakkum</item>

<item>mēl

<lb n="10" break="no"/>-pāṟk’ ellai Uṭ<supplied reason="lost">ci</supplied>ṟu-vāy-k-kālukku-k kiḻak

<item>vata-pāṟk’ ellai Iluppai-c-ceykku te

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Iṉ-ṉāṉk’ ellaiyilum Aka-p-paṭ

<lb n="13" break="no"/>ṭa nilam kālum

<unclear>mu</unclear>tta-caṅkara-māṟaṉ iṭai vi

<lb n="14" break="no"/>lai koṇṭa nilatukk’ ellai

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<lb n="16"/>koṇṭa nilattukku <supplied reason="lost">mē</supplied><unclear>ṟkum</unclear></item>

<item>te<unclear>ṉ</unclear>-pārk’ e

<lb n="17" break="no"/>llai vaḻi-varampukku vaṭakkum</item>

<item>mēl-pārk’ e

<lb n="18" break="no"/>llai Uṭciṟu-vāy-k-kakukku-k kiḻakkum</item>

<item>vaṭa

<lb n="19" break="no"/>-pāṟk’ ellai kaṭampaṉ vāy-k-kālukku-t te

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Iṉ-ṉāṉk’ ellaiyilum Aka-p-paṭṭa

<lb n="21"/>nilam mu-m-mā v-araiyum mēṟ-pulattu Iru

<lb n="22" break="no"/>-māvum Āka Oṉpatu mā v-araiyum vācalil

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I<choice><orig>ṉ-ṉ</orig><reg>n-n</reg></choice>ilattil Eṇ mā

<lb n="27"/><unclear>v-a</unclear>raiyu <gap reason="lost" unit="character" quantity="1"/> mām pāttiyil <unclear>A</unclear>rai māvum Iraṇ

<lb n="28" break="no"/><unclear>ṭu</unclear> <gap reason="lost" unit="character" quantity="3" precision="low"/> ti Arai-k kāṟ cey <supplied reason="lost">na</supplied><unclear>n=t</unclear><supplied reason="lost">ā</supplied><unclear>va</unclear>ṉam tiru-t

<lb n="29" break="no"/><gap reason="lost" unit="character" quantity="2" precision="low"/><unclear>ṟaikku</unclear> tiru-Uvaccakaḷuk<unclear>ku</unclear> <hi rend="grantha"><unclear>can</unclear></hi><hi rend="grantha"><choice><orig><unclear>t</unclear></orig><reg><unclear>d</unclear></reg></choice><unclear>r</unclear></hi><hi rend="grantha">āditya</hi>-vaṟ

<lb n="30"/>nivan=tam ceytu kuṭuttēṉ kaṟṟaḷi-p-pi

<lb n="31" break="no"/>caṉ-ēṉ

Itu <hi rend="grantha">panmāheśvara-rakṣai</hi> <g type="gomutraFinal">.</g>

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<lem>Iṟai kāt<unclear>tu</unclear><supplied reason="lost">k</supplied> <unclear>ku</unclear>ṭukkum</lem>

<note>Compare <foreign>Iṟai kāttuk kuṭuppōm</foreign> (lines 24-25).</note>

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<note>Compare <foreign>vācalil pōn=ta kuṭimaiyum Ūr iṭu varippāṭum</foreign> (ARIE/1924-1925/B/1925/112).</note>

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Prosperity! Fortune!

Thirty-eighth year of the king Parakesarivarman, who took Maturai.

The boundaries of the land, which, we, the members of the assembly of Ciṟṟāṉaiccūr, a <foreign>brahmadeya</foreign> in the Tiraivaḻuntūrnāṭu on the southern bank give, taking care of the tax money <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>iṟaik kāṭṭu</foreign></supplied>, after receiving gold from Tirukkaṟṟaḷi Piccar of the glorious Tiruvāvaṭutuṟai, for the god of the glorious Tiruvāvaṭutuṟai <supplied reason="subaudible">are as follows</supplied>:

<list>

<item><supplied reason="subaudible">the eastern boundary is</supplied> west of <gap reason="ellipsis"/> of the main road Vāṇiyaṉ;</item>

<item>the southern boundary <supplied reason="subaudible">is</supplied> north of <gap reason="ellipsis"/>;</item>

<item>the western boundary <supplied reason="subaudible">is</supplied> east of <gap reason="ellipsis"/>;</item>

<item>the northern boundary <supplied reason="subaudible">is</supplied> south of Iluppaiceykku.</item>

</list>

The land comprised between these four boundaries <supplied reason="subaudible">amounts to</supplied> a quarter <supplied reason="subaudible"><foreign>vēli</foreign></supplied>.

The boundaries of the land got after sale/purchase from Mutta Caṅkara Māṟāṉ <supplied reason="subaudible">are as follows</supplied>:

<list>

<item>the eastern boundary <supplied reason="subaudible">is</supplied> west of <gap reason="ellipsis"/>;</item>

<item>the southern boundary <supplied reason="subaudible">is</supplied> north of <gap reason="ellipsis"/>.;</item>

<item>the western boundary <supplied reason="subaudible">is</supplied> east of <gap reason="ellipsis"/>;</item>

<item>the northern boundary <supplied reason="subaudible">is</supplied> south of the Katampaṉ channel.</item>

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The land comprised between these four boundaries, that is, <gap reason="ellipsis"/>, we, the members of the assembly of Ciṟṟāṉaiccūr, being those who give <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kuṭuppōm</foreign></supplied>, taking care of the tax money, as long as the moon and the sun, we have given <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kuṭuttōm</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">it</supplied>, having engraved <supplied reason="subaudible">this agreement</supplied> on stone<note>That is, having this record engraved on stone.</note>.

From this land, <gap reason="ellipsis"/>, for the glorious drummers,

I, Tirukkaṟṟaḷi Piccaṉ, have given <gap reason="ellipsis"/>,

after making a binding agreement, as long as the moon and the sun.

This <supplied reason="subaudible">is under</supplied> the protection of the many Māheśvaras.

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<!--<div type="commentary">

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Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1924-1925"/></bibl> (ARIE/1924-1925/B/1925/141).

This edition by Renato Davalos, Emmanuel Francis, and Babu N. Ramaswamy (2024), based on photos (EFEO, 2006; E. Francis, 2024; M. Trento, 2024) and autopsy (2024).

ASI transcript and estampage, if any, yet to be consulted.

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