Maṉṉār Calāpam grant, Śaka year 1651

Editor: Margherita Trento.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSTiruvavatuturai00003.

Summary: This grant records a donation by Vicaiya Rekuṉāta Cētupati Kātta Tēvar to the goddess in Tirupperuntuṟai aka Avudaiyarkoil. The donation consists in a share of the revenue of the pearl fisheries of Maṉṉār.

Hand description:

Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil.

Repository: Tiruvāvaṭutuṟai (tfa-tiruvavatuturai-TN-epigraphy).

Version: (0aa5013), last modified (d89e5b9).

Edition

⟨Page 1r⟩ ⟨1r1=1⟩ svasti śrī

śāl¡ī!⟨i⟩vākana-śakābdaṁ 1000 6 100 5 10 1 Iti⟨1r2=2⟩ṉ mēl cel=lā niṉṟa saumya-nāma-saṁvat·saratti⟨1r3=3⟩l Uttarāyaṇat=til vasanta-ṛtuvil cit=tirai ௴ ⟨1r4=4⟩ 10 6 ௳ śukla-pakṣattil śukravāramuṁ saptamiyu⟨1r5=5⟩ṁ Anuṣa-nakṣatramuṁ brāhmi-nāma-yōgamuṁ kūṭi⟨1r6=6⟩ṉa cu¿y?⟨p⟩atiṉattil

tēvai-nakarātipaṉ cētu-mūla⟨1r7=7⟩-reṭcā-turantaraṉ civa-pūcā-turantaraṉ rāmaṉā⟨1r8=8⟩ta-cuvāmi-kāriyā-turantaraṉ para-rāca-kēca-ciṅka⟨1r9=9⟩m pararāca-cēkaraṉ ravikula-cēkaraṉ ravivaṟ{m}⟨1r10=10⟩maṉ corimuttu vaṉṉiyaṉ

svasti śrī

makā-maṇ⟨1r11=11⟩ṭalēcuparaṉ Ari-RĀyar taḷavipāṭaṉ pācaik=ku t=tap⟨1r12=12⟩pu-v-arā⟨ya⟩r ¿t?⟨k⟩-kaṇṭaṉ mūvaRĀyira-kaṇṭaṉ kaṇṭa ṉā⟨1r13=13⟩ṭu koṇṭu koṇṭa ṉāṭu kuṭātāṉ paṭ=ṭa māṉaṅ ⟨1r14=14⟩ kāt=tāṉ p(ā)ṇṭi-maṇṭala-t=tāpaṉācariyaṉ cō⟨1r15=15⟩ḻa-maṇṭala-piṟatiṭ=ṭāpaṉācāriyaṉ toṇ⟨ṭi⟩-maṇ⟨1r16=16⟩{ṁ}ṭala-piṟacaṇṭaṉ Ī¡ḷ!⟨ḻ⟩amum koṅkum yā¡ḷ!⟨ḻ⟩ppāṇa⟨1r17=17⟩-paṭ=ṭaṇamum keca-vēṭṭai kaṇṭa⟨ru⟩ḷiya RĀc⟨1r18=18⟩ātirācaṉ rācaparamēcuraṉ rāca-mā⟨r⟩t=tā⟨1r19=19⟩ṇṭaṉ tuṭ=ṭaRĀyira kaṇṭaṉ puvaṉēka-vīraṉ v¿ī?⟨i⟩ra⟨1r20=20⟩kaṉ c¿u?⟨ū⟩taṉ vīra-vaḷa-ṉātaṉ vētiyar kāvalaṉ Ara⟨1r21=21⟩ca-rāvaṇa-rāmaṉ Aṭiyār vē¡ḷ!⟨l⟩aikkāṟaṉ A⟨1r22=22⟩ntampiṟa-kaṇṭaṇ cām¿a?⟨it⟩turōkiyaḷ muṇṭa⟨1r23=23⟩ṉ pañca-vaṟṇa-rāya-rā¿ku?⟨vu⟩t=taṉ paṉuk=kuvār kaṇ⟨1r24=24⟩ṭaṉ vicaiyaleṭcumi kāntaṉ kalai teri⟨1r25=25⟩yum viṟpaṉaṉ kāmaṇikantappaṉ cat=tiya A⟨1r26=26⟩riccantiraṉ vīra-mārkkaṉ kīrt=tip piṟatāpaṉ ⟨1r27=27⟩ vayikai vaḷaṉāṭaṉ koṭ=ṭam aṭakki ¡vay!⟨vai⟩yāḷi ṉā(rā)⟨1r28=28⟩yaṇaṉ Ivvuḷi pāvaṭi mītitt’ ēṟuvār kaṇ⟨1r29=29⟩ṭaṉ vīra-ve¡m!⟨ṇ⟩pā-mālai taḷaciṅkam pakai-ma⟨1r30=30⟩ṉṉar ciṅka matappuli Aṭaik=kala=M kāttāṉ ⟨1r31=31⟩ tālik=ku vēli cattuRĀtiyaḷ muṇṭaṉ ⟨Page 1v⟩ ⟨1v1=32⟩ vaṉṉiyar āṭṭam taviḻttāṉ tulukkar ⟨1v2=33⟩ mōkan taviḻttāṉ Oṭ=ṭiyar taḷavipāṭaṉ O⟨1v3=34⟩ṭ=ṭiyar mōkan taviḻt=tāṉ mēvalar kōḷa⟨1v4=35⟩¡ṟ!⟨r⟩i mēvalarkaḷ vaṇaṅkum iru-tāḷiṉāṉ Ā⟨1v5=36⟩riyar māṉaṅ kāttāṉ toṇṭiyaṉ tu⟨1v6=37⟩ṟai kāvalaṉ turkarē pantaṉ Aṉuma kēta⟨1v7=38⟩ṉaṉ kuṭaik=ku k=kaṟṇaṉ parik=ku ṉakulaṉ parata⟨1v8=39⟩-ṉāṭaka-viṟppaṉṉaṉ karuṇā-kaṭāṭcaṉ caṅ⟨1v9=40⟩kīta-cākit=tiya-vit=tiyā-viṉōtaṉ cakala-kal⟨1v10=41⟩ā-vallavaṉ leṭcumīṉi-vācaṉ vīra-taṇ⟨1v11=42⟩ṭai cēmat=talai viḷaṅkum vīra-tāḷiṉāṉ rāca-ku⟨1v12=43⟩la-t=tilakaṉ rācāk=kaḷ tampirāṉ pāṇṭi-vaḷa-nā⟨1v13=44⟩ṭaṉ cekaRARAcar paṇikiṉṟa cempu-vaḷa-ṉāṭaṉ ceṅ⟨1v14=45⟩kāvik kuṭaiyāṉ pūlōka-tēvēntiraṉ

cē⟨1v15=46⟩tu kāvalaṉ varappiṟatīpa naṭaṉ t=tukavūr kūttat=tu ⟨1v16=47⟩ kāttūR-Āṉa kulōt=tuṅka-cōḻanallūr kīḻ-pā⟨1v17=48⟩l viraiyāta kaṇṭaṉil irukkum śrī-yiraṇya⟨1v18=49⟩keṟppāy āti-rekuṉāta-cētupati-kāt=ta-tēvar avarka⟨1v19=50⟩ḷ put=tiraṉ vicaiya-rekuṉāta-cētupati-kātta-tē⟨1v20=51⟩var avarkaḷ

sveta-nadī-teṭcaṇa-tī¿ra?⟨rta⟩m-ākiya pāṇti- ⟨1v21=52⟩ ṉāṭṭil miḻalai-k-kūttattil naṭuvil kūttam taṉiyū⟨1v22=53⟩r brahmadeśaṁ pavittira-māṇikkam catu¡ru!⟨r⟩vē¿ta?⟨ti⟩-maṅka⟨1v23=54⟩la-puram Āti-kayilāca-civapura-cēttiram-ākiya tirupperun⟨1v24=55⟩tuṟaiyil

viḷaṅkā ṉiṉṟa brahma-viṣṇu-rudra-mahe⟨1v25=56⟩śvara-sadāśiva-bindunātha-parāśakti-ku mēl-āki⟨1v26=57⟩ ya paRĀpara-niRĀmaya-niṟkuṇa-niRĀlampa-niratisaya Ākaṇ⟨1v27=58⟩ṭākĀRA-caccidānanta-svarūpa-¿sō?⟨svayaṁ⟩-prakāca-vastu-v-ākiya s⟨1v28=59⟩āmi śrī-Ātmaṉāta-cuvāmiyAR cannit⟨1v29=60⟩āṉat=tuk=ku=M

civayōka-ṉāyaki A⟨1v30=61⟩mmaṉuk=ku=M Aṭ¡a!⟨ai⟩p=pa-varicai Āparaṇat=tu=k=ku=M

maṉṉār calāpat=til ca⟨r⟩v⟨1v31=62⟩va-māṉiyam-āka Oru tōṇi Añcu kal=lu nīr=taṭāka-mut=tu-calāpaṅ ku⟨1v32=63⟩ḷit=tuk koḷḷac col=li tāmpura-cātaṉa-paṭṭaiya=M kuṭut=tōm

canti⟨1v33=64⟩(RĀ)tit=ta varaik=ku=M Āṇṭ’ aṉupavit=tuk koḷḷak=kaṭavaR Ākavum

Inta ⟨1v34=65⟩ taṟmat=tai yāROruvar parip¿a?⟨ā⟩laṉa=M paṇṇiṉavarkaḷ keṅ ⟨1v35=66⟩ kaik=karaiyil kōṭi-civaliṅka-piṟa⟨ti⟩ṣṭ¡e!⟨ai⟩yu⟨m⟩ kōṭi ⟨1v36=67⟩ brahma-pratiṣṭ¡e!⟨ai⟩yum paṉṉiṉa palaṉai AṭaivĀR⟨1v37=68⟩kaḷ Inta taṟmat=tuk=ku yār oruvar kitam paṇ=ṇi⟨1v38=69⟩ navarkaḷ keṅke-k=karaiyilum cētu-k=karaiyi⟨1v39=70⟩(lu) mātā-pitā-kuruvaiyum pacuvaiyum vatai ⟨1v40=71⟩ ceyta tōṣat=ti⟨ṟ⟩ pōkak=kaṭavaR Ākavum ௳

⟨1v28=59=A01⟩ śrī-śaṁkaran· tuṇai

Translation by Margherita Trento

(1) Prosperity! Fortune!

(1–6) In the year called Saumiya, ongoing during the śālivakana year 1651 of the Śaka era, while the sun is moving northward, in the season of spring, on the 16th day of the month of Cittirai, during the bright half [of the month], i.e., the days of the waxing moon, on a auspicious day connected with the seventh day [of the lunar month], on a Saturday, on the day of the star Anuṣa and of the planetary alignement Prāha, on the auspicious day when [all these elements] are co-occurring,

(6–10) [I], the lord of the city of Rāmeśvaram, the one in charge of the protection of the foundation of the strait, the one in charge of the worship to Śiva, the one responsible for the service to Śiva in his form as Rāmanāthasvāmi, the one who is a hairy lion to his foes, the one who wins over the enemies, the one who is eminent in the sun dynasty, the sun-king, the lord with abundant pearls1;

(10) Prosperity! Fortune!

(10–45) [I], the overlord of the great region, the winner over the enemy kings, the chastiser of those who commit mistakes with regard to language2, the one who rules over the three kings, i.e., Cōḻa, Cēra, Pāṇṭiya, the one who conquers whatever country he sees, and does not relinquish any country he has conquered, the one who protects the suffering pride, the one who is tāpaṉācariyaṉ of the Pāṇṭiya region, and piratittāpaṉācariyaṉ of Cōḻa region, the great man of the Toṇṭai region, the king of kings who conducted elephant hunts in Īḻam, Koṅku, and Yāḻppāṇapaṭṭaṇam, the supreme king, the Sun-king, the one who chastises evil kings, a hero of innumerable places, the clever man, the charioteer, a lord of growing heroism, the protector of Brahmins, a Rāma for king Rāvaṇa, the servant of the devotees, the chastiser of ..., the conqueror of treachery, the royal rider of the five types of horses, the slayer of those who sprinkle [disease], the husband of Vicayaleṭcumi, a connaisseur of the arts, ..., the true Ariccantiraṉ, the one who follows the path of heroism, the one who possess fame, the one from the prosperous country of the Vaikai, the one who conquers arrogance, a Nārāyaṇaṉ among horsemen, the one who slays those who ride stepping on stirrups over horses, a garland of heroic verses, a strong lion, a lion to the hateful enemies, a lion, the refuge, the one who provides protection, a fence for the [marital] tāli, the slayer of enemies, the one who crushed the pride of the Vaṉṉiyar, the one who crushed the illusions of the Turks, the destroyer of those who run away, the one who crushes the illusions of those who run away, ...

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Commentary

The blessing śrī-śaṁkaran· tuṇai is engraved in a cartouche and interrupts lines 1v28-29 = lines 59-60.

Bibliography

Reported in Katti 1998 (ARIE/1986-1987/A/1986-1987/65).

Edited in Kiruṣṇamūrtti 2000 (no. 25). This edition is not taken systematically into account since the editor regularly adapts Sanskrit words to Tamil spelling, and, in the case of this specific inscription, confused most lines of the verso of the plate (likely because of the inserted invocation).

This edition by Margherita Trento (2024), based on EFEO photographs (2015).

Primary

[K] Kiruṣṇamūrtti, Ca. 2000. Tiruvāvaṭutuṟai ātīṉac ceppēṭu. Citamparam: Ā. Uṇṇāmalai. Pages 107–111, item 25.

Secondary

Katti, Madhav N. 1998. Annual report on Indian epigraphy for 1986-87. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India. Page 28, item 65.

Notes

  1. 1. Or: a Ayyaṉar.
  2. 2. Or: of those kings who do not keep their word.