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· <title>Maṉṉār Calāpam grant, Śaka year 1651</title>
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15 <forename>Margherita</forename>
· <surname>Trento</surname>
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· <respStmt>
20 <resp>intellectual authorship of edition</resp>
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25
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30 <forename>Margherita</forename>
· <surname>Trento</surname>
· </persName>
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35 <publicationStmt>
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· <pubPlace>Aubervilliers</pubPlace>
· <idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSTiruvavatuturai00003</idno>
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40 <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
· <p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported
· Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit
· https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to
· Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View,
45 California, 94041, USA.</p>
· <p>Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by John
· Doe.</p>
·
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50 </availability>
· <date from="2019" to="2025">2019-2025</date>
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· <summary>This grant records a donation by Vicaiya Rekuṉāta Cētupati Kātta Tēvar to the goddess in Tirupperuntuṟai aka Avudaiyarkoil. The donation consists in a share of the revenue of the pearl fisheries of Maṉṉār.
65 </summary>
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· <p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no 809994).</p>
80 </projectDesc>
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· <div type="edition" xml:lang="tam-Latn" n="1" rendition="class:tamil maturity:83215">
·
· <ab xml:lang="san-Latn" rendition="class:grantha maturity:83215">
105 <pb n="1r"/>
·
· <lb n="1r1=1"/>svasti śrī</ab>
·
· <p>
110 <hi rend="grantha">śāl<choice><orig>ī</orig><reg>i</reg></choice></hi>vāka<hi rend="grantha">na-śakābdaṁ</hi> <num value="1651"><g type="numeral">1000</g> 6 <g type="numeral">100</g> 5 <g type="numeral">10</g> 1 </num> Iti
· <lb n="1r2=2" break="no"/>ṉ mēl ce<seg type="aksara">l=l</seg>ā niṉṟa <hi rend="grantha">saumya</hi>-nā<hi rend="grantha">ma-saṁ</hi>va<hi rend="grantha">t·sara</hi>tti
· <lb n="1r3=3" break="no"/>l U<hi rend="grantha">ttarā</hi>yaṇa<seg type="aksara">t=ti</seg>l va<hi rend="grantha">sa</hi>nta-<hi rend="grantha">ṛtu</hi>vil ci<seg type="aksara">t=ti</seg>rai <g type="mācam"/>
· <lb n="1r4=4"/><g type="numeral">10</g> 6 <g type="tēti"/> <hi rend="grantha">śukla-pakṣa</hi>ttil <hi rend="grantha">śukra</hi>vā<hi rend="grantha">ramuṁ saptami</hi>yu
· <lb n="1r5=5" break="no"/><hi rend="grantha">ṁ Anuṣa-nakṣatramuṁ brāhmi-nāma</hi>-yō<hi rend="grantha">gamuṁ</hi> kūṭi
115 <lb n="1r6=6" break="no"/>ṉa cu<choice><sic>y</sic><corr>p</corr></choice>atiṉattil
· </p>
·
· <p>
· tēvai-nakarātipaṉ cētu-mūla
120 <lb n="1r7=7" break="no"/>-reṭcā-turantaraṉ civa-pūcā-turantaraṉ rāmaṉā
· <lb n="1r8=8" break="no"/>ta-cuvāmi-kāriyā-turantaraṉ para-rāca-kēca-ciṅka
· <lb n="1r9=9" break="no"/>m pararāca-cēkaraṉ ravikula-cēkaraṉ ravivaṟ<surplus>m</surplus>
· <lb n="1r10=10" break="no"/>maṉ corimuttu vaṉṉiyaṉ
· </p>
125 <ab xml:lang="san-Latn" rendition="class:grantha maturity:83215">
· svasti śrī</ab>
· <p>
· makā-maṇ
· <lb n="1r11=11" break="no"/>ṭalēcuparaṉ Ari-RĀyar taḷavipāṭaṉ pācai<seg type="aksara">k=ku</seg> <seg type="aksara">t=ta</seg>p
130 <lb n="1r12=12" break="no"/>pu-v-arā<supplied reason="omitted">ya</supplied>r <choice><sic>t</sic><corr>k</corr></choice>-kaṇṭaṉ mūvaRĀyira-kaṇṭaṉ kaṇṭa ṉā
· <lb n="1r13=13" break="no"/>ṭu koṇṭu koṇṭa ṉāṭu kuṭātāṉ pa<seg type="aksara">ṭ=ṭa</seg> māṉaṅ
· <lb n="1r14=14"/>kā<seg type="aksara">t=t</seg>āṉ p<unclear>ā</unclear>ṇṭi-maṇṭala-<seg type="aksara">t=t</seg>āpaṉācariyaṉ cō
· <lb n="1r15=15" break="no"/>ḻa-maṇṭala-piṟati<seg type="aksara">ṭ=ṭ</seg>āpaṉācāriyaṉ toṇ<supplied reason="omitted">ṭi</supplied>-maṇ
· <lb n="1r16=16" break="no"/><surplus>ṁ</surplus>ṭala-piṟacaṇṭaṉ Ī<choice><orig>ḷ</orig><reg>ḻ</reg></choice>amum koṅkum yā<choice><orig>ḷ</orig><reg>ḻ</reg></choice>ppāṇa
135 <lb n="1r17=17" break="no"/>-pa<seg type="aksara">ṭ=ṭa</seg>ṇamum keca-vēṭṭai kaṇṭa<supplied reason="omitted">ru</supplied>ḷiya RĀc
· <lb n="1r18=18" break="no"/>ātirācaṉ rācaparamēcuraṉ rāca-mā<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied><seg type="aksara">t=t</seg>ā
· <lb n="1r19=19" break="no"/>ṇṭaṉ tu<seg type="aksara">ṭ=ṭa</seg>RĀyira kaṇṭaṉ puvaṉēka-vīraṉ v<choice><sic>ī</sic><corr>i</corr></choice>ra
· <lb n="1r20=20" break="no"/>kaṉ c<choice><sic>u</sic><corr>ū</corr></choice>taṉ vīra-vaḷa-ṉātaṉ vētiyar kāvalaṉ Ara
· <lb n="1r21=21" break="no"/>ca-rāvaṇa-rāmaṉ Aṭiyār vē<choice><orig>ḷ</orig><reg>l</reg></choice>aikkāṟaṉ A
140 <lb n="1r22=22" break="no"/>ntampiṟa-kaṇṭaṇ cām<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>it</corr></choice>turōkiyaḷ muṇṭa
· <lb n="1r23=23" break="no"/>ṉ pañca-vaṟṇa-rāya-rā<choice><sic>ku</sic><corr>vu</corr></choice><seg type="aksara">t=ta</seg>ṉ paṉu<seg type="aksara">k=ku</seg>vār kaṇ
· <lb n="1r24=24" break="no"/>ṭaṉ vicaiyaleṭcumi kāntaṉ kalai teri
· <lb n="1r25=25" break="no"/>yum viṟpaṉaṉ kāmaṇikantappaṉ ca<seg type="aksara">t=ti</seg>ya A
· <lb n="1r26=26" break="no"/>riccantiraṉ vīra-mārkkaṉ kīr<seg type="aksara">t=ti</seg>p piṟatāpaṉ
145 <lb n="1r27=27"/>vayikai vaḷaṉāṭaṉ ko<seg type="aksara">ṭ=ṭa</seg>m aṭakki <choice><orig>vay</orig><reg>vai</reg></choice>yāḷi ṉā<hi rend="grantha"><unclear>rā</unclear></hi>
· <lb n="1r28=28" break="no"/>yaṇaṉ Ivvuḷi pāvaṭi mītitt' ēṟuvār kaṇ
· <lb n="1r29=29" break="no"/>ṭaṉ vīra-ve<choice><orig>m</orig><reg>ṇ</reg></choice>pā-mālai taḷaciṅkam pakai-ma
· <lb n="1r30=30" break="no"/>ṉṉar ciṅka matappuli Aṭai<seg type="aksara">k=ka</seg><seg type="aksara">la=M</seg> kāttāṉ
· <lb n="1r31=31"/>tāli<seg type="aksara">k=ku</seg> vēli cattuRĀtiyaḷ muṇṭaṉ
150 <pb n="1v"/>
· <lb n="1v1=32"/>vaṉṉiyar āṭṭam taviḻttāṉ tulukkar
· <lb n="1v2=33"/>mōkan taviḻttāṉ O<seg type="aksara">ṭ=ṭi</seg>yar taḷavipāṭaṉ O
· <lb n="1v3=34" break="no"/><seg type="aksara">ṭ=ṭi</seg>yar mōkan taviḻ<seg type="aksara">t=t</seg>āṉ mēvalar kōḷa
· <lb n="1v4=35" break="no"/><choice><orig>ṟ</orig><reg>r</reg></choice>i mēvalarkaḷ vaṇaṅkum iru-tāḷiṉāṉ Ā
155 <lb n="1v5=36" break="no"/>riyar māṉaṅ kāttāṉ toṇṭiyaṉ tu
· <lb n="1v6=37" break="no"/>ṟai kāvalaṉ turkarē pantaṉ Aṉuma kēta
· <lb n="1v7=38" break="no"/>ṉaṉ kuṭai<seg type="aksara">k=ku</seg> <seg type="aksara">k=ka</seg>ṟṇaṉ pari<seg type="aksara">k=ku</seg> ṉakulaṉ parata
· <lb n="1v8=39" break="no"/>-ṉāṭaka-viṟppaṉṉaṉ karuṇā-kaṭāṭcaṉ caṅ
· <lb n="1v9=40" break="no"/>kīta-cāki<seg type="aksara">t=ti</seg>ya-vi<seg type="aksara">t=ti</seg>yā-viṉōtaṉ cakala-kal
160 <lb n="1v10=41" break="no"/>ā-vallavaṉ leṭcumīṉi-vācaṉ vīra-taṇ
· <lb n="1v11=42" break="no"/>ṭai cēma<seg type="aksara">t=ta</seg>lai viḷaṅkum vīra-tāḷiṉāṉ rāca-ku
· <lb n="1v12=43" break="no"/>la-<seg type="aksara">t=ti</seg>lakaṉ rācā<seg type="aksara">k=ka</seg>ḷ tampirāṉ pāṇṭi-vaḷa-nā
· <lb n="1v13=44" break="no"/>ṭaṉ cekaRARAcar paṇikiṉṟa cempu-vaḷa-ṉāṭaṉ ceṅ
· <lb n="1v14=45" break="no"/>kāvik kuṭaiyāṉ pūlōka-tēvēntiraṉ
165 </p>
· <p>
· cē
· <lb n="1v15=46" break="no"/>tu kāvalaṉ varappiṟatīpa naṭaṉ <seg type="aksara">t=tu</seg>kavūr kūtta<seg type="aksara">t=tu</seg>
· <lb n="1v16=47"/>kāttūR-Āṉa kulō<seg type="aksara">t=tu</seg>ṅka-cōḻanallūr kīḻ-pā
170 <lb n="1v17=48" break="no"/>l viraiyāta kaṇṭaṉil irukkum śrī-yiraṇya
· <lb n="1v18=49" break="no"/>keṟppāy āti-rekuṉāta-cētupati-kā<seg type="aksara">t=ta</seg>-tēvar avarka
· <lb n="1v19=50" break="no"/>ḷ pu<seg type="aksara">t=ti</seg>raṉ vicaiya-rekuṉāta-cētupati-kātta-tē
· <lb n="1v20=51" break="no"/>var avarkaḷ
· </p>
175 <p>
· <hi rend="grantha">sve</hi>ta-na<hi rend="grantha">dī</hi>-teṭcaṇa-tī<choice><sic>ra</sic><corr>rta</corr></choice>m-ākiya pāṇti-
· <lb n="1v21=52"/>ṉāṭṭil miḻalai-k-kūttattil naṭuvil kūttam taṉiyū
· <lb n="1v22=53" break="no"/>r <hi rend="grantha">brahmadeśaṁ</hi> pavittira-māṇikkam catu<choice><orig>ru</orig><reg>r</reg></choice>vē<choice><sic>ta</sic><corr>ti</corr></choice>-maṅka
· <lb n="1v23=54" break="no"/>la-puram Āti-kayilāca-civapura-cēttiram-ākiya tirupperun
180 <lb n="1v24=55" break="no"/>tuṟaiyil
·
· </p>
·
· <p>
185 viḷaṅkā ṉiṉṟa <hi rend="grantha">brahma</hi>-vi<hi rend="grantha">ṣṇu-rudra-mahe
· <lb n="1v25=56" break="no"/>śvara-sadāśiva-bindunātha-parāśakti</hi>-ku mēl-āki
· <lb n="1v26=57" break="no"/> ya paRĀpara-niRĀmaya-niṟkuṇa-niRĀlampa-ni<hi rend="grantha">ra</hi>ti<hi rend="grantha">sa</hi>ya Ākaṇ
· <lb n="1v27=58" break="no"/>ṭākĀRA-ca<hi rend="grantha">ccidā</hi>na<hi rend="grantha">nta-svarūpa-<choice><sic>sō</sic><corr>svayaṁ</corr></choice>-pra</hi>kāca-va<hi rend="grantha">stu</hi>-v-ākiya <hi rend="grantha">s</hi>
· <lb n="1v28=59" break="no"/>āmi śrī-Ā<hi rend="grantha">tma</hi>ṉāta-cuvāmiyAR ca<hi rend="grantha">nni</hi>t
190 <lb n="1v29=60" break="no"/>āṉa<seg type="aksara">t=tu</seg><seg type="aksara">k=ku=M</seg>
· </p>
·
· <p>
· civayōka-ṉāyaki A
195 <lb n="1v30=61" break="no"/>mmaṉu<seg type="aksara">k=ku=M</seg> Aṭ<choice><orig>a</orig><reg>ai</reg></choice>p=pa-varicai Āparaṇa<seg type="aksara">t=tu=k=ku=M</seg>
· </p>
·
· <p>
· maṉṉār calāpat=til ca<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>v
200 <lb n="1v31=62" break="no"/>va-māṉiyam-āka Oru tōṇi Añcu ka<seg type="aksara">l=lu</seg> nī<seg type="aksara">r=ta</seg>ṭāka-mu<seg type="aksara">t=tu</seg>-calāpaṅ ku
· <lb n="1v32=63" break="no"/>ḷi<seg type="aksara">t=tu</seg>k koḷḷac co<seg type="aksara">l=li</seg> tāmpura-cātaṉa-<hi rend="grantha">pa</hi>ṭṭai<seg type="aksara">ya=M</seg> kuṭu<seg type="aksara">t=t</seg>ōm
· </p>
·
· <p>
205 ca<hi rend="grantha">nti</hi>
· <lb n="1v33=64" break="no"/><unclear>RĀ</unclear>ti<seg type="aksara">t=ta</seg> varaik=ku=M Āṇṭ’ aṉupavi<seg type="aksara">t=tu</seg>k koḷḷa<seg type="aksara">k=ka</seg>ṭavaR Ākavum
· </p>
·
· <p>
210 I<hi rend="grantha">nta</hi>
· <lb n="1v34=65"/> taṟma<seg type="aksara">t=t</seg>ai yāROruvar parip<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ā</corr></choice>la<seg type="aksara">ṉa=M</seg> paṇṇiṉavarkaḷ keṅ
· <lb n="1v35=66"/>kaik=karaiyil kōṭi-civaliṅka-piṟa<supplied reason="omitted">ti</supplied><hi rend="grantha">ṣṭ</hi><choice><orig>e</orig><reg>ai</reg></choice>yu<supplied reason="omitted">m</supplied> kōṭi
· <lb n="1v36=67"/><hi rend="grantha">brahma-pra</hi>ti<hi rend="grantha">ṣṭ</hi><choice><orig>e</orig><reg>ai</reg></choice>yum paṉṉiṉa palaṉai AṭaivĀR
· <lb n="1v37=68" break="no"/>kaḷ Inta taṟma<seg type="aksara">t=tu</seg><seg type="aksara">k=ku</seg> yār oruvar kitam pa<seg type="aksara">ṇ=ṇ</seg>i
215
· <lb n="1v38=69" break="no"/> navarkaḷ keṅke-<seg type="aksara">k=ka</seg>raiyilum cētu-<seg type="aksara">k=ka</seg>raiyi
· <lb n="1v39=70" break="no"/><unclear>lu</unclear> mātā-pitā-kuruvaiyum pacuvaiyum vatai
· <lb n="1v40=71"/> ceyta tō<hi rend="grantha">ṣa</hi><seg type="aksara">t=ti</seg><supplied reason="omitted">ṟ</supplied> pōka<seg type="aksara">k=ka</seg>ṭavaR Ākavum <g type="pc"/>
· </p>
220
· <ab xml:lang="san-Latn" rendition="class:grantha maturity:83215">
· <lb n="1v28=59=A01"/><hi rend="grantha">śrī-śaṁkaran·</hi> tuṇai
· </ab>
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·<div type="translation" resp="part:matr">
·
· <p n="1">Prosperity! Fortune!</p>
280
· <p n="1-6">In the year called Saumiya, ongoing during the śālivakana year 1651 of the Śaka era, while the sun is moving northward, in the season of spring, on the 16th day of the month of Cittirai, during the bright half <supplied reason="subaudible">of the month</supplied>, i.e., the days of the waxing moon, on a auspicious day connected with the seventh day <supplied reason="subaudible">of the lunar month</supplied>, on a Saturday, on the day of the star Anuṣa and of the planetary alignement Prāha, on the auspicious day when <supplied reason="subaudible">all these elements</supplied> are co-occurring,</p>
·
· <p n="6-10"><supplied reason="subaudible">I</supplied>, the lord of the city of Rāmeśvaram, the one in charge of the protection of the foundation of the strait, the one in charge of the worship to Śiva, the one responsible for the service to Śiva in his form as Rāmanāthasvāmi, the one who is a hairy lion to his foes, the one who wins over the enemies, the one who is eminent in the sun dynasty, the sun-king, the lord with abundant pearls<note>Or: a Ayyaṉar.</note>;
· </p>
285
· <p n="10">Prosperity! Fortune!</p>
·
· <p n="10-45"><supplied reason="subaudible">I</supplied>, the overlord of the great region, the winner over the enemy kings, the chastiser of those who commit mistakes with regard to language<note>Or: of those kings who do not keep their word.</note>, the one who rules over the three kings, i.e., Cōḻa, Cēra, Pāṇṭiya, the one who conquers whatever country he sees, and does not relinquish any country he has conquered, the one who protects the suffering pride, the one who is <foreign>tāpaṉācariyaṉ</foreign> of the Pāṇṭiya region, and <foreign>piratittāpaṉācariyaṉ</foreign> of Cōḻa region, the great man of the Toṇṭai region, the king of kings who conducted elephant hunts in Īḻam, Koṅku, and Yāḻppāṇapaṭṭaṇam, the supreme king, the Sun-king, the one who chastises evil kings, a hero of innumerable places, the clever man, the charioteer, a lord of growing heroism, the protector of Brahmins, a Rāma for king Rāvaṇa, the servant of the devotees, the chastiser of ..., the conqueror of treachery, the royal rider of the five types of horses, the slayer of those who sprinkle <supplied reason="subaudible">disease</supplied>, the husband of Vicayaleṭcumi, a connaisseur of the arts, ..., the true Ariccantiraṉ, the one who follows the path of heroism, the one who possess fame, the one from the prosperous country of the Vaikai, the one who conquers arrogance, a Nārāyaṇaṉ among horsemen, the one who slays those who ride stepping on stirrups over horses, a garland of heroic verses, a strong lion, a lion to the hateful enemies, a lion, the refuge, the one who provides protection, a fence for the <supplied reason="subaudible">marital</supplied> <foreign>tāli</foreign>, the slayer of enemies, the one who crushed the pride of the Vaṉṉiyar, the one who crushed the illusions of the Turks, the destroyer of those who run away, the one who crushes the illusions of those who run away, ...
·
290 </p>
· <p>Add translation</p>
·
· </div>
·
295<div type="commentary">
· <p>The blessing <foreign><hi rend="grantha">śrī-śaṁkaran·</hi> tuṇai</foreign> is engraved in a cartouche and interrupts lines 1v28-29 = lines 59-60.</p>
·</div>
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·<div type="bibliography">
300
· <p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1986-1987"/></bibl> (ARIE/1986-1987/A/1986-1987/65).</p>
· <p>Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Kirusnamurtti2000_01"/></bibl> (no. 25). This edition is not taken systematically into account since the editor regularly adapts Sanskrit words to Tamil spelling, and, in the case of this specific inscription, confused most lines of the verso of the plate (likely because of the inserted invocation).</p>
· <p>This edition by Margherita Trento (2024), based on EFEO photographs (2015).</p>
·
305
· <listBibl type="primary">
·
· <bibl n="K">
· <ptr target="bib:Kirusnamurtti2000_01"/>
310 <citedRange unit="page">107-111</citedRange>
· <citedRange unit="item">25</citedRange>
· </bibl>
·
· </listBibl>
315 <listBibl type="secondary">
· <bibl>
· <ptr target="bib:ARIE1986-1987"/>
· <citedRange unit="page">28</citedRange>
· <citedRange unit="item">65</citedRange>
320 </bibl>
· </listBibl>
·</div>
·</body>
·</text>
325
·</TEI>
Commentary
The blessing śrī-śaṁkaran· tuṇai is engraved in a cartouche and interrupts lines 1v28-29 = lines 59-60.