Gift of Lōkama at Bhairavakoṇḍa
Editors: Jens Thomas, J. Ramayya Pantulu.
Identifier: DHARMA_INSTelugu00011.
Summary: The inscription refers to a donation that was given by Lōkama, daughter of (Kū)japōṟēru and grand-daughter of Gōyindapōṟēru.
Language: Telugu.
Repository: Telugu Inscriptions (tfb-telugu-epigraphy).
Version: (585a60b), last modified (d5dcd05).
Edition
⟨1⟩ sŕī goyindapoṟēri manmaṟāḷu ⟨2⟩ [1*]japoṟēri kuntuṞ (lō)kama ⟨3⟩ nilpina stānaṁbu
Apparatus
⟨1⟩ goyindapoṟēri • K. M. Sastri enumerates this name in the list of orthographical errors in the inscriptions. He regards gōyindapōṟēri to be the correct spelling (Sastri 1969, p. 277).
Translation by Sastri 1969
The gift endowed by Lōkama, daughter of ..japoṟēri, and grand-daughter of Śrī Goyindapoṟēri.
Translation by Jens Thomas
The place (stānaṁbu) (was) established by Lōkama, the daughter of (Kū)japōṟēru (and) grand-daughter of Gōyindapōṟēru.
Bibliography
The inscription was noted in the Annual Report and first published by J. Ramayya Pantulu without translation and picture. K. M. Sastri republished the inscription based on Ramayya Pantulu’s edition together with a translation.
Primary
[S] Sastri, Korada Mahadeva. 1969. Historical grammar of Telugu with special reference to Old Telugu c. 200 B.C. - 1000 A.D. Anantapur: Sri Vekateswara Univ. Pages 283–284, item 5.
Secondary
Venkoba Rao, G. 1923. Annual report on Indian epigraphy for the year 1921-1922. Madras: Governement Press. Appendix C/1922, page 79, item 281.
Ramayya Pantulu, J. 1948. South-Indian inscriptions (texts). Volume X: Telugu inscriptions from the Madras Presidency. South Indian Inscriptions 10. Delhi: Manager of Publications. Page 20, item 56.
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<lb n="1"/>sŕī goyindapoṟēri manmaṟāḷu
<lb n="2"/><gap reason="undefined" quantity="1" unit="character"/>japoṟēri kuntuṞ <unclear>lō</unclear>kama
<lb n="3"/>nilpina stānaṁbu
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<lem>goyindapoṟēri</lem>
<note>K. M. Sastri enumerates this name in the list of orthographical errors in the inscriptions. He regards <foreign>gōyindapōṟēri</foreign> to be the correct spelling (<bibl><ptr target="bib:Sastri1969_01"/><citedRange unit="page">277</citedRange></bibl>).</note>
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<p>
The gift endowed by Lōkama, daughter of ..japoṟēri, and grand-daughter of Śrī Goyindapoṟēri.
</p>
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<p>
The place (<foreign>stānaṁbu</foreign>) (was) established by Lōkama, the daughter of (Kū)japōṟēru (and) grand-daughter of Gōyindapōṟēru.
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<p>
It is not entirely clear whether the spelling <foreign>kuntuṞ lōkama</foreign> in Ramayya Pantulu's edition represents a <foreign>halanta</foreign> ‹Ṟ› or is a simplified visual representation of a compound character.
Although there is no picture of the inscription in the edition and K. M. Sastri's republication the reading could be altered on the grounds of attested forms in other inscriptions.
If the element <foreign>gōyinda</foreign> is a variant of skt. <foreign>govinda</foreign> the length of the ‹ō› is probable.
The reading pōṟēri may be correct due to 1) similar attestations and 2) the etymology. Because of the absence of a graphemic differentiation between /o/ and /ō/ the spelling is ambivalent. 1) The element appears as part of names in <foreign>vasantipōṟi</foreign> (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:NilakantaSastri+Venkataramayya1947-1948_01"/><citedRange unit="page">235</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">42 G</citedRange></bibl>), <foreign>maṁkhipoṟṟiyāru</foreign> (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:NilakantaSastri+Venkataramayya1947-1948_01"/><citedRange unit="page">239</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">42 I</citedRange></bibl>), and <foreign>kūcapōṟiyāri</foreign>, <foreign>kūcapōṟiki</foreign> (<bibl rend="omitname"><ptr target="bib:NilakantaSastri+Venkataramayya1947-1948_01"/><citedRange unit="page">244</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">42 K</citedRange></bibl>).
Via Zvelebil’s rule the spelling <foreign>poṟṟi</foreign> indirectly points towards <foreign>pōṟi</foreign> as well. 2) The word <foreign>pōṟi</foreign> means ‘young’ (probably originally gender neutral) and corresponds to forms with long vowel in modern Telugu (like <foreign>pōṟigāṁḍu</foreign> ‘young man, boy’(<bibl><ptr target="bib:Sītārāmācāryulu1922_01"/><citedRange unit="page">534</citedRange></bibl>).
The incomplete name -japōṟēri could perhaps be complemented as *kūjapōṟēri; confer <bibl><ptr target="bib:NilakantaSastri+Venkataramayya1947-1948_01"/><citedRange unit="page">244</citedRange><citedRange unit="line">8-9</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">42 K</citedRange></bibl>. The female donor’s name is <foreign>lōkama</foreign> with the suffix -ama, probably from <foreign>amma</foreign> ‘mother’.
The inscription was found <cit><quote>[o]n top of a niche containing a liṅga</quote><bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1921-1922"/><citedRange unit="page">79</citedRange></bibl></cit>. This niche is probably referred to by <foreign>stānaṁbu</foreign>. The inscription is one of the fewer that mention a woman as donor.
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<p>
The inscription was noted in the Annual Report and first published by J. Ramayya Pantulu without translation and picture.
K. M. Sastri republished the inscription based on Ramayya Pantulu's edition together with a translation.
</p>
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<bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1921-1922"/><citedRange unit="appendix">C/1922</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">79</citedRange><citedRange unit="item">281</citedRange></bibl>
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Commentary
It is not entirely clear whether the spelling kuntuṞ lōkama in Ramayya Pantulu’s edition represents a halanta ‹Ṟ› or is a simplified visual representation of a compound character. Although there is no picture of the inscription in the edition and K. M. Sastri’s republication the reading could be altered on the grounds of attested forms in other inscriptions. If the element gōyinda is a variant of skt. govinda the length of the ‹ō› is probable. The reading pōṟēri may be correct due to 1) similar attestations and 2) the etymology. Because of the absence of a graphemic differentiation between /o/ and /ō/ the spelling is ambivalent. 1) The element appears as part of names in vasantipōṟi ([1956] 1947–1948, p. 235, № 42 G), maṁkhipoṟṟiyāru ([1956] 1947–1948, p. 239, № 42 I), and kūcapōṟiyāri, kūcapōṟiki ([1956] 1947–1948, p. 244, № 42 K). Via Zvelebil’s rule the spelling poṟṟi indirectly points towards pōṟi as well. 2) The word pōṟi means ‘young’ (probably originally gender neutral) and corresponds to forms with long vowel in modern Telugu (like pōṟigāṁḍu ‘young man, boy’(Sītārāmācāryulu 1922, p. 534). The incomplete name -japōṟēri could perhaps be complemented as *kūjapōṟēri; confer Nilakanta Sastri and Venkataramayya [1956] 1947–1948, p. 244, ll. 8-9, № 42 K. The female donor’s name is lōkama with the suffix -ama, probably from amma ‘mother’. The inscription was found “[o]n top of a niche containing a liṅga” (Venkoba Rao 1923, p. 79). This niche is probably referred to by stānaṁbu. The inscription is one of the fewer that mention a woman as donor.