Kōvintapputtūr (Govindapputtūr), Gaṅgājaṭādhara temple, time of Rājakesarivarman, year 7

Authors of digital edition: Valérie Gillet (vagi), Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: On the lowest part of the base of the northern façade: begins on the western side of the gomukha on the ardha-maṇḍapa and continues on the antarala (zone A); lines 7-11 are on the lowest part of the base of the sanctuary, on the eastern side (zone B). Regnal year 7 of Kōrājarājakesarivarman = Rājarāja I (circa 992 CE). There is no svasti śrī at the beginning of this inscription; many passages of this inscription remain illegible, and the translation is thus fragmentary.

Language: Tamil (tam).

Version: 2025-09-22 18:18 (75408f8), last modified 2025-09-21 12:20 (84303f8).

Edition

⟨Zone A⟩
⟨1⟩ kō-Irāja-rājakēcari-⟨pa⟩nma⟨r⟩kki yāṇṭu Ēḻ-āvatu vaṭa-karai-brahmadeyam periya śrī-(vā)ṉavaṉ-mahātēvi-caturvveti-maṅkalattu peruṅ-kuṟi-p ‡ (pe)ru-mma(kka)‡ḷ(ō)m I(yā)(ṭ)ṭai-t tu(lā-nā)yaṟṟu-c cani(k)
⟨2⟩ [ki]ḻamai peṟṟa Iraivati nāṉṟu peruṅ-ku(ṟi) kāṭṭi p(ō)ntu namm-uṭaiya śrī-vijaya-maṅkalam-uṭaiya mahātēvar kōyil tiru-muṟṟa[t]t[ē]y kūṭṭa kuṟai va‡(ṟa kū)ṭi Iruntu [*] ‡ [*] (n)tu I [*] śrī-vijaya-maṅ(kala-t)ēvar
⟨3⟩ k(ō)yil śrī-vimāṉam kallā⟨l⟩ Eḻunt-aruḷḷuvitta Uṭaiyār perun-tiṟattu kuvaḷḷālam-uṭaiyāṉ Ampalavaṉ (paḻu)vūr nakkaṉṉ-āṉa Irā[ja]rāja-pallavaraiyaṟ ‡ [*****] ‡ (l E) [**] (Amayṭṭa) śrī-k(ār)yya¡mm!(u)m ceytu
⟨4⟩ [*] naṟ Ivar ka⟨r⟩mi vaṅkippuṟattu caṭṭapōcaṉ veṇṇa(ya) [**] vittaṉukku paṇi-p-paṇiyā(l pa)ṇittu śrī-koyil [****] (ṭu)tta nāṅkaḷai [****] ceytu ku(ṭu)‡t(ta) [*****] ‡ [*] (kō)[yi]lil (śrī) [*] rājarājam (pa)raiya
⟨5⟩ c[e]yvitta nibedham Epērppaṭṭaṉavum (ka)llil veṭ{ṭ}ṭuvikka-p peṟuvā¡ṉṉ! ākav[u]m I-śrī-vijaya-maṅkala [*] (var) [*] (yi)llil (I) [**********] ‡ [*****] ‡ [*] (m) (Ik)-[kō](yil) [***] (ṇi) [***]
⟨6⟩ [**] (vā) [*********] (m I)vaṉ co(ḷḷ/ṉṉ)a vaṇṇa [*] y(ka)ṭavār [**] (lam) [**] (ya) [****] (ḻa)ṉai [**] (ā)rai ve [**********] (ya/dha) (ṟu) [****] vu [*******] ‡ [*****] ‡ [**********]

⟨Zone B⟩
⟨7⟩ Iru-pattu Aiy⟨ṅ-ka⟩ḻ¡aint!u poṉ koḷḷa-p pe(ṟu)vāṉ ā(kavu)m (Ip-pa)ricu taṇṭit(tu) I-śrī-kōy(iyalaṉmār) ce(yiya-p pe)-
⟨8⟩ ṟuvā¡ṉṉ!ār kappa(ṭa)m kuṭuttu (tāṉ pal) kuṭuttu (pa)ṇi(-p-pa)ṇiyāl paṇittu (vya)va(stai) ceytōm peruṅ-kuṟi-p pe-
⟨9⟩ ru-¡mm!akkaḷōm paṇittār cāttamaṅkalattu (cana)ppeti [*] (ṭṭa)(kavaṉṉārum) Ālika [*] (ḷḷaṟai) Iysahaśrā (cantuve)
⟨10⟩ [**] kaṅka(ṉ/ḷ)a tiruveṇakām (cappi)rum paṇiyāl madhyastaṉ niṉṟā¡ṉṉ! ārāva(mu)tāṉ vāṉavaṉ-mahātēvi peruṅ-kāviti
⟨11⟩ [**] va(ḷḷa) [***] tu Aṟam maṟa(ve)kka A⟨ṟa⟩¡mm! allatu tuṇai y-illai-y-ē Itu [*] hāheśvara-rakṣai

⟨Zone A⟩ ⟨1⟩ kō-Irāja-rājakēcari-⟨pa⟩nma⟨r⟩kki yāṇṭu Ēḻ-āvatu

vaṭa-karai-brahmadeyam periya śrī-(vā)ṉavaṉ-mahātēvi-caturvveti-maṅkalattu peruṅ-kuṟi-p ‡ (pe)ru-mma(kka)‡ḷ(ō)m I(yā)(ṭ)ṭai-t tu(lā-nā)yaṟṟu-c cani(k) ⟨2⟩ [ki]ḻamai peṟṟa Iraivati nāṉṟu peruṅ-ku(ṟi) kāṭṭi p(ō)ntu namm-uṭaiya śrī-vijaya-maṅkalam-uṭaiya mahātēvar kōyil tiru-muṟṟa[t]t[ē]y kūṭṭa kuṟai va‡(ṟa kū)ṭi Iruntu [1+] ‡ [1+] (n)tu I [1+] śrī-vijaya-maṅ(kala-t)ēvar ⟨3⟩ k(ō)yil śrī-vimāṉam kallā⟨l⟩ Eḻunt-aruḷḷuvitta Uṭaiyār perun-tiṟattu kuvaḷḷālam-uṭaiyāṉ Ampalavaṉ (paḻu)vūr nakkaṉṉ-āṉa Irā[ja]rāja-pallavaraiyaṟ ‡ [ca. 5+] ‡ (l E) [2+] (Amayṭṭa) śrī-k(ār)yya⟨m⟩(u)m ceytu ⟨4⟩ [1+] naṟ Ivar ka⟨r⟩mi vaṅkippuṟattu caṭṭapōcaṉ veṇṇa(ya) [2+] vittaṉukku paṇi-p-paṇiyā(l pa)ṇittu śrī-koyil [4+] (ṭu)tta nāṅkaḷai [4+] ceytu ku(ṭu)‡t(ta) [5+] ‡ [1+] (kō)[yi]lil (śrī) [1+] rājarājam (pa)raiya ⟨5⟩ c[e]yvitta nibedham Epērppaṭṭaṉavum (ka)llil veṭ{ṭ}ṭuvikka-p peṟuvā⟨ṉ⟩ ākav[u]m I-śrī-vijaya-maṅkala [1+] (var) [1+] (yi)llil (I) [10+] ‡ [ca. 5+] ‡ [1+] (m) (Ik)-[kō](yil) [3+] (ṇi) [3+] ⟨6⟩ [2+] (vā) [9+] (m I)vaṉ co(ḷḷ/ṉṉ)a vaṇṇa [1+] y(ka)ṭavār [2+] (lam) [2+] (ya) [4+] (ḻa)ṉai [2+] (ā)rai ve [10+] (ya/dha) (ṟu) [4+] vu [7+] ‡ [ca. 5+] ‡ [ca. 10+] ⟨Zone B⟩ ⟨7⟩ Iru-pattu Aiy⟨ṅ-ka⟩ḻ⟨añc⟩u poṉ koḷḷa-p pe(ṟu)vāṉ ā(kavu)m

(Ip-pa)ricu taṇṭit(tu) I-śrī-kōy(iyalaṉmār) ce(yiya-p pe)⟨8⟩ṟuvā⟨ṉ⟩ār kappa(ṭa)m kuṭuttu (tāṉ pal) kuṭuttu (pa)ṇi(-p-pa)ṇiyāl paṇittu (vya)va(stai) ceytōm peruṅ-kuṟi-p pe⟨9⟩ru-⟨m⟩akkaḷōm paṇittār cāttamaṅkalattu (cana)ppeti [1+] (ṭṭa)(kavaṉṉārum) Ālika [1+] (ḷḷaṟai) Iysahaśrā (cantuve) ⟨10⟩ [2+] kaṅka(ṉ/ḷ)a tiruveṇakām (cappi)rum paṇiyāl madhyastaṉ niṉṟā⟨ṉ⟩ ārāva(mu)tāṉ vāṉavaṉ-mahātēvi peruṅ-kāviti ⟨11⟩ [2+] va(ḷḷa) [3+] tu

Aṟam maṟa(ve)kka A⟨ṟa⟩⟨m⟩ allatu tuṇai y-illai-y-ē

Itu [1+] hāheśvara-rakṣai

⟨Zone A⟩ ⟨1⟩ kō-Irāja-rājakēcari-⟨pa⟩nma⟨r⟩kki yāṇṭu Ēḻ-āvatu

vaṭa-karai-brahmadeyam periya śrī-(vā)ṉavaṉ-mahātēvi-caturvveti-maṅkalattu peruṅ-kuṟi-p ‡ (pe)ru-mma(kka)‡ḷ(ō)m I(yā)(ṭ)ṭai-t tu(lā-nā)yaṟṟu-c cani(k) ⟨2⟩ [ki]ḻamai peṟṟa Iraivati nāṉṟu peruṅ-ku(ṟi) kāṭṭi p(ō)ntu namm-uṭaiya śrī-vijaya-maṅkalam-uṭaiya mahātēvar kōyil tiru-muṟṟa[t]t[ē]y kūṭṭa kuṟai va‡(ṟa kū)ṭi Iruntu [1+] ‡ [1+] (n)tu I [1+] śrī-vijaya-maṅ(kala-t)ēvar ⟨3⟩ k(ō)yil śrī-vimāṉam kallā⟨l⟩ Eḻunt-aruḷḷuvitta Uṭaiyār perun-tiṟattu kuvaḷḷālam-uṭaiyāṉ Ampalavaṉ (paḻu)vūr nakkaṉṉ-āṉa Irā[ja]rāja-pallavaraiyaṟ ‡ [ca. 5+] ‡ (l E) [2+] (Amayṭṭa) śrī-k(ār)yya¡mm!⟨m⟩(u)m ceytu ⟨4⟩ [1+] naṟ Ivar ka⟨r⟩mi vaṅkippuṟattu caṭṭapōcaṉ veṇṇa(ya) [2+] vittaṉukku paṇi-p-paṇiyā(l pa)ṇittu śrī-koyil [4+] (ṭu)tta nāṅkaḷai [4+] ceytu ku(ṭu)‡t(ta) [5+] ‡ [1+] (kō)[yi]lil (śrī) [1+] rājarājam (pa)raiya ⟨5⟩ c[e]yvitta nibedham Epērppaṭṭaṉavum (ka)llil veṭ{ṭ}ṭuvikka-p peṟuvā¡ṉṉ!⟨ṉ⟩ ākav[u]m I-śrī-vijaya-maṅkala [1+] (var) [1+] (yi)llil (I) [10+] ‡ [ca. 5+] ‡ [1+] (m) (Ik)-[kō](yil) [3+] (ṇi) [3+] ⟨6⟩ [2+] (vā) [9+] (m I)vaṉ co(ḷḷ/ṉṉ)a vaṇṇa [1+] y(ka)ṭavār [2+] (lam) [2+] (ya) [4+] (ḻa)ṉai [2+] (ā)rai ve [10+] (ya/dha) (ṟu) [4+] vu [7+] ‡ [ca. 5+] ‡ [ca. 10+] ⟨Zone B⟩ ⟨7⟩ Iru-pattu Aiy⟨ṅ-ka⟩ḻ¡aint!⟨añc⟩u poṉ koḷḷa-p pe(ṟu)vāṉ ā(kavu)m

(Ip-pa)ricu taṇṭit(tu) I-śrī-kōy(iyalaṉmār) ce(yiya-p pe)⟨8⟩ṟuvā¡ṉṉ!⟨ṉ⟩ār kappa(ṭa)m kuṭuttu (tāṉ pal) kuṭuttu (pa)ṇi(-p-pa)ṇiyāl paṇittu (vya)va(stai) ceytōm peruṅ-kuṟi-p pe⟨9⟩ru-¡mm!⟨m⟩akkaḷōm paṇittār cāttamaṅkalattu (cana)ppeti [1+] (ṭṭa)(kavaṉṉārum) Ālika [1+] (ḷḷaṟai) Iysahaśrā (cantuve) ⟨10⟩ [2+] kaṅka(ṉ/ḷ)a tiruveṇakām (cappi)rum paṇiyāl madhyastaṉ niṉṟā¡ṉṉ!⟨ṉ⟩ ārāva(mu)tāṉ vāṉavaṉ-mahātēvi peruṅ-kāviti ⟨11⟩ [2+] va(ḷḷa) [3+] tu

Aṟam maṟa(ve)kka A⟨ṟa⟩¡mm!⟨m⟩ allatu tuṇai y-illai-y-ē

Itu [1+] hāheśvara-rakṣai

Apparatus

⟨3⟩ k(ār)yya¡mm!⟨m⟩(u)m ⬦ k(ā)yyammam G.

⟨4⟩ Ivar ka⟨r⟩mi ⬦ Ivakami G.

⟨5⟩ Epērppaṭṭaṉavum (ka)llil veṭ{ṭ}ṭuvikkap peṟuvāṉṉ ākav[u]m ⬦ Eperppaṭṭa (ṉ/E) vama [1+]llil vaṭṭaṭuvikkap peṟuvāṉṉākav[1+]m G.

⟨7⟩ pe(ṟu)vāṉ ā(kavu)m ⬦ pe(ṟu)vāṉā(vem) G.

⟨8⟩ (vya)va(stai) ⬦ (vya)va[1+] (ṭai) G.

⟨10⟩ (cappi)rum paṇiyāl ⬦ (cappirumi) paṇiya(lai) G.

⟨11⟩ A⟨ṟa⟩¡mm!⟨m⟩ allatu ⬦ Aṟam maṟa(ve)kka Am(ma)llatu G.

Translation by Gillet 2023

⟨1⟩ [This is the] seventh year of Kōrājarājakesarivarman.

⟨1–11⟩ We the great people (perummakkaḷōm) of the assembly (peruṅkuṟi) of big Śrī [Vā]ṉavaṉ-mahādevi-caturvedimaṅgalam, a brahmadeya of the northern bank, on the day of this Rēvati which fell on a Saturday of the month of Tulā of this year, having […], having assembled in full (lit. without deficiency, kūṭṭa kuṟai-v-a[ṟa-k-kū]ṭi iruntu) in the holy courtyard (tirumuṟṟa[ttē]y) of the temple of Mahādeva of Śrī Vijayamaṅgalam of us who go (?), having shown [to?] the assembly, Ampalavaṉ Paḻuvūr Nakkaṉ alias Rā[ja]rājapallavaraiyar, lord of Kuvaḷḷālam, of the superior grade of the Lord (uṭaiyār), who graciously caused to raise (eḻuntaruḷḷuvitta) in stone the sanctuary of the temple of this Śrī Vijayamaṅgaladevar, […], having ordered by the given order to Caṭṭapōcaṉ Veṇṇaya[krama]vittaṉ of Vaṅkippuṟam, the officer (kaṉmi) of him […], having made the holy duty (śrī kāyyammam ceytu), […] a fine of twenty-five kaḻañcus of gold […] the madhyastan Niṉṟān Ārāvamutān, great poet (peruṅkāviti) of Vāṉavaṉ-mahādevi […]

⟨11⟩ Do not neglect moral duty (aṟam).

⟨11⟩ There is no support (tuṇai) except moral duty. This is under the protection of the Panmāheśvaras.

Bibliography

Reported in ARIE 1928-1929 (ARIE/1928-1929/B/1928-1929/160 and part 2, § 29).

Edited and translated in Gillet 2023, based on autopsy and photographs (by Valérie Gillet, 2018).

This revised edition by Valérie Gillet and Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

[G] Gillet, Valérie. 2023. “Constructing temple, constructing power: Temple reconstruction process in 10th-century Tamil-speaking South with special emphasis on Govindapputtur.” In: The Routledge Handbook of Hindu Temples. By Himanshu Prabha Ray, Salila Kulshreshtha and Uthara Suvrathan. London: Routledge India, pp. 57–95. [URL]. Pages 89–90, item 16.

Secondary

ARIE 1928-1929. Annual report on epigraphy for the year 1928-1929. Edited by S. V. Viswanatha. Madras: Government Press, [1930]. Page TBC, appendixes B/1928-1929, item 160.

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<lb n="4"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> naṟ Ivar ka<hi rend="grantha"><reg>r</reg>mi</hi> vaṅkippuṟattu caṭṭapōcaṉ veṇṇa<unclear>ya</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> vittaṉukku paṇi-p-paṇiyā<unclear>l pa</unclear>ṇittu <hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>-koyil <gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/> <unclear>ṭu</unclear>tta nāṅkaḷai <gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/> ceytu ku<unclear>ṭu</unclear>‡t<unclear>ta</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character"/> ‡ <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <unclear>kō</unclear><supplied reason="lost">yi</supplied>lil <hi rend="grantha"><unclear>śrī</unclear></hi><hi rend="grantha"> </hi> <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> rā<hi rend="grantha">ja</hi>rā<hi rend="grantha">ja</hi>m <unclear>pa</unclear>raiya

<lb n="5"/>c<supplied reason="lost">e</supplied>yvitta ni<hi rend="grantha">bedha</hi>m Epērppaṭṭaṉavum <unclear>ka</unclear>llil veṭ<surplus>ṭ</surplus>ṭuvikka-p peṟuvā<choice><orig>ṉṉ</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice> ākav<supplied reason="lost">u</supplied>m I-<hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>-vi<hi rend="grantha">ja</hi>ya-maṅkala <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <unclear>var</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <unclear>yi</unclear>llil <unclear>I</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="10" unit="character"/> ‡ <gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character" precision="low"/> ‡ <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <unclear>m</unclear> <unclear>Ik</unclear>-<supplied reason="lost">kō</supplied><unclear>yil</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/> <unclear>ṇi</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/>

<lb n="6"/> <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> <unclear>vā</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="9" unit="character"/> <unclear>m I</unclear>vaṉ co<choice><unclear>ḷḷ</unclear><unclear>ṉṉ</unclear></choice>a vaṇṇa <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> y<unclear>ka</unclear>ṭavār <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> <unclear>lam</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> <unclear>ya</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/> <unclear>ḻa</unclear>ṉai <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> <unclear>ā</unclear>rai ve <gap reason="lost" quantity="10" unit="character"/> <choice><unclear>ya</unclear><unclear>dha</unclear></choice> <unclear>ṟu</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/> vu <gap reason="lost" quantity="7" unit="character"/> ‡ <gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character" precision="low"/> ‡ <gap reason="lost" quantity="10" unit="character" precision="low"/>

<lb n="7"/>Iru-pattu Aiy<supplied reason="omitted">ṅ-ka</supplied>ḻ<choice><orig>aint</orig><reg>añc</reg></choice>u poṉ koḷḷa-p pe<unclear>ṟu</unclear>vāṉ ā<unclear>kavu</unclear>m

</p>

<p>

<unclear>Ip-pa</unclear>ricu taṇṭit<unclear>tu</unclear> I-<hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>-kōy<unclear>iyalaṉmār</unclear> ce<unclear>yiya-p pe</unclear>

<lb n="8" break="no"/>ṟuvā<choice><orig>ṉṉ</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>ār <seg rend="check">kappa<unclear>ṭa</unclear>m</seg> kuṭuttu <unclear>tāṉ pal</unclear> kuṭuttu <unclear>pa</unclear>ṇi<unclear>-p-pa</unclear>ṇiyāl paṇittu <hi rend="grantha"><unclear>vya</unclear></hi>va<hi rend="grantha"><unclear>stai</unclear></hi> ceytōm peruṅ-kuṟi-p pe

<lb n="9" break="no"/>ru-<choice><orig>mm</orig><reg>m</reg></choice>akkaḷōm paṇittār cāttamaṅkalattu <unclear>cana</unclear>ppeti <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <unclear>ṭṭa</unclear><unclear>kavaṉṉārum</unclear> Ālika <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <unclear>ḷḷaṟai</unclear> Iy<hi rend="grantha">sahaśrā</hi> <unclear>cantuve</unclear>

<lb n="10"/> <gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> kaṅka<choice><unclear>ṉ</unclear><unclear>ḷ</unclear></choice>a tiruveṇakām <unclear>cappi</unclear>rum paṇiyāl <hi rend="grantha">madhyasta</hi>ṉ niṉṟā<choice><orig>ṉṉ</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice> ārāva<unclear>mu</unclear>tāṉ vāṉavaṉ<hi rend="grantha">-mahā</hi>tēvi peruṅ-kāviti

<lb n="11"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="2" unit="character"/> va<unclear>ḷḷa</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/> tu

</p>

<p>

Aṟam maṟa<unclear>ve</unclear>kka A<supplied reason="omitted">ṟa</supplied><choice><orig>mm</orig><reg>m</reg></choice> allatu tuṇai y-illai-y-ē

</p>

<p>

Itu <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> <hi rend="grantha">hāheśva</hi>ra-ra<hi rend="grantha">kṣai</hi>

</p>

</div>

<!--<app loc="0">

</app>-->

</app>

<rdg source="bib:Gillet2023_01">Ivaka<hi rend="grantha">mi</hi></rdg>

</app>

<lem>Epērppaṭṭaṉavum <unclear>ka</unclear>llil veṭ<surplus>ṭ</surplus>ṭuvikkap peṟuvāṉṉ ākav<supplied reason="lost">u</supplied>m</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Gillet2023_01">Eperppaṭṭa <choice><unclear>ṉ</unclear><unclear>E</unclear></choice> vama <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/>llil vaṭṭaṭuvikkap peṟuvāṉṉākav<gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/>m</rdg>

</app>

</app>

</app>

<lem><unclear>cappi</unclear>rum paṇiyāl</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Gillet2023_01"><unclear>cappirumi</unclear> paṇiya<unclear>lai</unclear></rdg>

</app>

<lem>A<supplied reason="omitted">ṟa</supplied><choice><orig>mm</orig><reg>m</reg></choice> allatu</lem>

<rdg source="bib:Gillet2023_01">Aṟam maṟa<unclear>ve</unclear>kka Am<unclear>ma</unclear>llatu</rdg>

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

<p n="1"><supplied reason="subaudible">This is the</supplied> seventh year of Kōrājarājakesarivarman.</p>

We the great people <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>perummakkaḷōm</foreign></supplied> of the assembly <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>peruṅkuṟi</foreign></supplied> of big Śrī <supplied reason="lost">Vā</supplied>ṉavaṉ-mahādevi-caturvedimaṅgalam, a <foreign>brahmadeya</foreign> of the northern bank, on the day of this Rēvati which fell on a Saturday of the month of Tulā of this year, having <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>, having assembled in full <supplied reason="explanation">lit. without deficiency, <foreign>kūṭṭa kuṟai-v-a</foreign><supplied reason="lost"><foreign>ṟa-k-kū</foreign></supplied><foreign>ṭi iruntu</foreign></supplied> in the holy courtyard <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tirumuṟṟa</foreign><supplied reason="lost"><foreign>ttē</foreign></supplied><foreign>y</foreign></supplied> of the temple of Mahādeva of Śrī Vijayamaṅgalam of us who go <supplied reason="explanation">?</supplied>, having shown <supplied reason="subaudible">to?</supplied> the assembly, Ampalavaṉ Paḻuvūr Nakkaṉ alias Rā<supplied reason="lost">ja</supplied>rā<foreign>ja</foreign>pallavaraiyar, lord of Kuvaḷḷālam, of the superior grade of the Lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiyār</foreign></supplied>, who graciously caused to raise <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eḻuntaruḷḷuvitta</foreign></supplied> in stone the sanctuary of the temple of this Śrī Vijayamaṅgaladevar, <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>, having ordered by the given order to Caṭṭapōcaṉ Veṇṇaya<supplied reason="lost">krama</supplied>vittaṉ of Vaṅkippuṟam, the officer <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kaṉmi</foreign></supplied> of him <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>, having made the holy duty <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>śrī kāyyammam ceytu</foreign></supplied>, <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> a fine of twenty-five <foreign>kaḻañcu</foreign>s of gold <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/> the <foreign>madhyastan</foreign> Niṉṟān Ārāvamutān, great poet <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>peruṅkāviti</foreign></supplied> of Vāṉavaṉ-mahādevi <gap reason="lost" extent="unknown" unit="character"/>

</p>

Do not neglect moral duty <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>aṟam</foreign></supplied>.

</p>

There is no support <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tuṇai</foreign></supplied> except moral duty. This is under the protection of the Panmāheśvaras.

</p>

</div>

<p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1928-1929"/></bibl> (ARIE/1928-1929/B/1928-1929/160 and part 2, § 29).</p>

<p>Edited and translated in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Gillet2023_01"/></bibl>, based on autopsy and photographs (<ref target="https://didomena.ehess.fr/concern/data_sets/****">by Valérie Gillet, 2018</ref>).</p>

<p>This revised edition by Valérie Gillet and Emmanuel Francis.</p>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

<bibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

</div>

</body>

</text>

</TEI>