Nākappaṭṭiṉam, bronze label
Version: (ec292e0), last modified (ecfeb98).
Translation by Ramachandran 1954
⟨1–2⟩ The Great Being Akaḷaṅka, who is both mother and father of the world.
Translation
⟨1–2⟩ The Lord (perumāḷ) Akaḷaṅka1, the mother / the beauty. (ammai), the glorious Lord / the Lord of Fortune.
Bibliography
Edited in Ramachandran 1954, with a facsimile.
Edited and translated here by Emmanuel Francis (2024), based on Ramachandran 1954 and the facsimile therein.
Primary
[R1] Ramachandran, T. N. 1954. The Nāgapaṭṭiṇam and other Buddhist bronzes in the Chennai Museum. Bulletin of the Madras Government Museum, New series, General section 7.1. Madras: Government Press. Page TBC, plate TBC.
[R2] Ramachandran, T. N. 2005. The Nāgapaṭṭiṇam and other Buddhist bronzes in the Chennai Museum. Revised edition. Chennai: Government of Tamilnadu. Pages 61–62, plates VI, no. 73.
Notes
1. Literally: "the Stainless One," a name of the Buddha.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_Schema.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>
<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_Schema.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>
<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_SQF.sch" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>
<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>
<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="eng">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Nākappaṭṭiṉam, bronze label</title>
<respStmt>
<resp key="creator">author of digital edition</resp>
<persName ref="part:emfr">
<forename>Emmanuel</forename>
<surname>Francis</surname>
</persName>
</respStmt>
<funder>European Research Council (ERC), grant agreement no 809994</funder></titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<authority><ref target="https://dharmalekha.info">DHARMA</ref></authority>
<pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
<idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSTamilNadu00373.xml</idno>
<availability><licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">CC BY-SA 4.0</licence></availability>
<date from="2019" to="2026">2019-2026</date>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<msDesc>
<msIdentifier>
<repository>DHARMAbase</repository>
<idno/>
</msIdentifier>
<msContents>
<summary>Label on a Buddhist bronze.</summary>
</msContents>
<physDesc>
<handDesc>
<p/>
</handDesc>
</physDesc>
</msDesc>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc>
<p>Encoded in TEI/EpiDoc according to the <ref target="https://hal.science/halshs-02888186">DHARMA Encoding Guide for Documentary Editions, version 2</ref></p>
</encodingDesc>
<revisionDesc>
<change who="part:emfr" when="2024-05-01">Creation of the file</change>
</revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text xml:space="preserve">
<body>
<div type="edition" xml:lang="tam-Latn" rendition="class:tamil maturity:83215">
<p>
<lb n="1"/>tiru-v-uṭai<unclear reason="eccentric_ductus">y</unclear>ār Ammai A
<lb n="2" break="no"/>kaḷaṅka-<add place="above">p</add>-perumāḷ
</p>
</div>
<!--<div type="apparatus">
<listApp>
<app loc="1">
<lem>...</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Ramachandran1954_01">...</rdg>
</app>
</listApp>
</div>-->
<div type="translation" source="bib:Ramachandran1954_01">
<p n="1-2">The Great Being Akaḷaṅka, who is both mother and father of the world.</p>
</div>
<div type="translation" resp="part:emfr">
<p n="1-2">The Lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>perumāḷ</foreign></supplied> Akaḷaṅka<note>Literally: "the Stainless One," a name of the Buddha.</note>, the mother / the beauty. <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ammai</foreign></supplied>, the glorious Lord / the Lord of Fortune.</p>
</div>
<div type="commentary">
<p><bibl><ptr target="bib:Ramachandran1954_01"/></bibl> comments thus: <quote>Akalaṅka is the Buddha. The concept that he is both father and mother is worth comparing with Kālidāsa's <foreign>jagataḥ pitarau</foreign> in the <foreign>Raghuvaṁśa</foreign>. This inscription is great importance to our study of the Buddhism that flourished in Nākappaṭṭiṉam or South India in about the 14th and 15th centuries A.D. The
record is a praise of the Buddha, as Akalaṅka, father and mother of the world. The image according to the donor's devotion and prayer stands for the Buddha.</quote></p>
</div>
<div type="bibliography">
<p>Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Ramachandran1954_01"/></bibl>, with a facsimile.</p>
<p>Edited and translated here by Emmanuel Francis (2024), based on <bibl><ptr target="bib:Ramachandran1954_01"/></bibl> and the facsimile therein.</p>
<listBibl type="primary">
<bibl n="R1"><!--complex ref-->
<ptr target="bib:Ramachandran1954_01"/>
<citedRange>TBC</citedRange>
<citedRange unit="plate">TBC</citedRange><!--check plate number-->
</bibl>
<bibl n="R2"><!--complex ref-->
<ptr target="bib:Ramachandran2005_01"/>
<citedRange unit="page">61-62</citedRange>
<citedRange unit="plate">VI, no. 73</citedRange>
</bibl>
</listBibl>
<!--<listBibl type="secondary"/>-->
</div>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>
Commentary
Ramachandran 1954 comments thus: “Akalaṅka is the Buddha. The concept that he is both father and mother is worth comparing with Kālidāsa’s jagataḥ pitarau in the Raghuvaṁśa. This inscription is great importance to our study of the Buddhism that flourished in Nākappaṭṭiṉam or South India in about the 14th and 15th centuries A.D. The record is a praise of the Buddha, as Akalaṅka, father and mother of the world. The image according to the donor’s devotion and prayer stands for the Buddha.”