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· <title>Tiruviṭaivācal, Puṇyanāthasvāmin temple, time of Tribhuvanacakravartin Kulōttuṅga Cōḻa, year 5</title>
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· <resp>author of digital edition</resp>
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15 <forename>Emmanuel</forename>
· <surname>Francis</surname>
· </persName>
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20 <publicationStmt>
· <authority>DHARMA</authority>
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· <idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSTamilNadu00199</idno>
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25 <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
· <p>This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported
· Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit
· https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to
· Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View,
30 California, 94041, USA.</p>
· <p>Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Emmanuel Francis & Vincent Tournier.</p>
· </licence>
· </availability>
· <date from="2019" to="2025">2019-2025</date>
35 </publicationStmt>
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40 <idno/>
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· <summary>Donation of money (<foreign>kācu</foreign>), by three named individuals, for maintaining one twilight lamp (<foreign>cantiviḷakku</foreign>) for the Mahādeva of Tiruviṭaivāyil.</summary>
· </msContents>
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55 <p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)
· under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant
· agreement no 809994).</p>
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80 <div type="edition" xml:lang="tam-Latn" rendition="class:tamil maturity:83215">
·
· <ab>
· <lb n="1"/><milestone n="1" unit="block" type="gridlike"/>
· <hi rend="grantha">svasti śrī</hi>
85 </ab>
· <p>
· <hi rend="grantha">tr<unclear>i</unclear></hi>puvana-c-cakkara-varttikaḷ <hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>
· <milestone n="2" unit="block" break="no" type="gridlike"/>
· kulōttu
90 <milestone n="3" unit="block" break="no" type="gridlike"/>
· ṅka-cōḻa-<hi rend="grantha">de</hi>vaṟku yāṇṭu 5-Āva
· <milestone n="4" unit="block" break="no" type="gridlike"/>
· <unclear>t</unclear>u
· </p>
95 <p>
· Arumoḻi-tēva-vaḷanāṭṭu maṅkala-nāṭṭu putuk
· <milestone n="5" unit="block" break="no" type="gridlike"/>
· kuṭi tiru-viṭaivāyil tiru-viṭaivāyil-u
· <milestone n="6" unit="block" break="no" type="gridlike"/>
100 ṭaiya <hi rend="grantha">mahā-de</hi>var kōyilil kāṇi-Uṭaiya ci
· <milestone n="7" unit="block" break="no" type="gridlike"/>
· vap=pirāmaṇa<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice> <hi rend="grantha">bhāradvāji</hi> maruta<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice> I<hi rend="grantha">ṣbha-de</hi>va<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>-ā<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>a pa<hi rend="grantha">nmāheśva</hi>
· <milestone n="8" unit="block" break="no" type="gridlike"/>
· <hi rend="grantha">ra</hi>-paṭṭa<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>um kautama<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice> Arumo<supplied reason="lost">ḻi</supplied>-t<unclear>ē</unclear>va
105 <milestone n="9" unit="block" break="no" type="gridlike"/>
· <choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice> niṟaiñcā<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>-ā<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>a <unclear>n</unclear>āṟ-pa
· <milestone n="10" unit="block" break="no" type="gridlike"/>
· tt-eṇṇāyira-paṭṭa<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>um Attiraiya<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice> <hi rend="grantha">maheśva</hi>
· <milestone n="11" unit="block" break="no" type="gridlike"/>
110 <supplied reason="lost">ra</supplied>-Āḷ-uṭaiyā<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice> paṭṭa<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice> e<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉṉ</reg></choice>um Im-mu
· <milestone n="12" unit="block" break="no" type="gridlike"/>
· vōm In-nāṭṭu takkaḷūr-nāṭṭu viṭaiya-pura
· <milestone n="13" unit="block" break="no" type="gridlike"/>
· m-ā<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>a virutarā<hi rend="grantha">ja</hi>-payaṅkara-p<unclear>u</unclear>rattu
115
· <lb n="2"/>
· <milestone n="1" unit="block" type="gridlike"/>Irukkum veḷḷāla<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice> nāṭṭiyattāṅk-uṭai<milestone n="2" unit="block" type="gridlike" break="no"/>yā<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice> tiru
· <milestone n="3" unit="block" type="gridlike" break="no"/>
· varaṅkam-uṭaiyā<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice> nampi pakka
120 <milestone n="4" unit="block" break="no" type="gridlike"/>
· l nāṅkaḷ Upayam-āka koṇṭa <hi rend="grantha">sa</hi>n=ti-viḷakku
· <milestone n="5" unit="block" type="gridlike"/>
· <unclear>1</unclear>
· </p>
125
· <p>
· I-viḷakku O<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>ṟukkum nāṅkaḷ koṇ
· <milestone n="6" unit="block" break="no" type="gridlike"/>
· ṭa kācu 4
130 </p>
· <p>
· Ik-kācu nāluṅ koṇṭu <unclear>I</unclear>-viḷakku O<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>
· <milestone n="7" unit="block" break="no" type="gridlike"/>
· <choice><orig>r</orig><reg>ṟ</reg></choice>um nāṅkaḷum Eṅkaḷ vaṅ<hi rend="grantha">śa</hi>ttarum Ik-kōyilil <hi rend="grantha">śrī-māheśva</hi>
135 <milestone n="8" unit="block" break="no" type="gridlike"/>
· <hi rend="grantha">ra</hi>r Ariya Ic-canti-vi<supplied reason="lost">ḷak</supplied><unclear>ku</unclear> Oṉṟu
·
· <milestone n="9" unit="block" break="no" type="gridlike"/>
· m <unclear>nāṅ</unclear>kaḷum Eṅ<unclear>ka</unclear>
140 <milestone n="10" unit="block" break="no" type="gridlike"/>
· ḷ vaṅcattārum cantirātittavaṟ cācutikam E
· <milestone n="11" unit="block" break="no" type="gridlike"/>
· <unclear>ri</unclear>kka kaṭāvōm āka-c cammatit
· <milestone n="12" unit="block" break="no" type="gridlike"/>
145 tu Ik-kācu nāluṅ koṇṭō
· <milestone n="13" unit="block" type="gridlike" break="no"/>
· m Ivv-aṉaivōm <g type="pc">.</g>
· </p>
·
150 </div>
·
· <div type="apparatus">
· <listApp>
·
155 <app loc="1">
· <lem>kāṇi-Uṭaiya</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Swaminathan2024_01">kāṇiyuṭaiya</rdg>
· </app>
· <app loc="1">
160 <lem><unclear>n</unclear>āṟ-pa
· <milestone n="10" unit="block" break="no" type="gridlike"/>
· tt-eṇṇāyira-pa<supplied reason="omitted">ṭ</supplied>ṭanum</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Swaminathan2024_01">nāṟpatteṇṇāyirapaṭṭanum</rdg>
· </app>
165
· </listApp>
· </div>
·
· <div type="translation" resp="part:emfr">
170
· <p n="1">
· Prosperity! Fortune!
· </p>
·
175 <p n="1">
· 5th year of the emperor of the three worlds, the glorious king Kulottuṅga Cōḻa.
· </p>
·
· <p n="1-2">
180 <supplied reason="subaudible">In</supplied> Tiruviṭaivāyil
· ...
· in the temple of Mahādeva, Lord of Tiruviṭaivāyil, ...
· Panmāheśvarapaṭṭaṉ ...,
· Nāṟpatteṇṇāyirapaṭṭaṉ ...
185 Paṭṭāṉ,
· We, the three thus named,
· <supplied reason="subaudible">there is</supplied>
· 1 twilight lamp
· that we obtained
190 as gift
· from
· Nampi
· ...
· </p>
195
· <p n="2">
· <supplied reason="subaudible">There is</supplied>
· 4 <foreign>kācu</foreign>s
· that we obtained
200 for this single lamp.
· </p>
·
· <p n="2">
· With these four <foreign>kācu</foreign>s,
205 <supplied reason="subaudible">for</supplied> this single lamp,
· We and our descendants,
· having agreed that
· We and our descendants
· are due/appointed to burn
210 permanently <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>cācutikam</foreign><note>Sanskrit <foreign>śāśvatika</foreign>.</note></supplied>
· as long as the sun and the moonfor this single twilight lamp,
· ...
· we have taken these four <foreign>kācu</foreign>s,
· We who are such.
215 </p>
·
· </div>
·
· <div type="commentary">
220
· <p>According to <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1917-1918"/></bibl>, the inscription is on the north wall of the <foreign>maṇḍapa</foreign> in front of the central shrine, which seems to mean the northern wall of the <foreign>mahāmaṇḍapa</foreign>.</p>
·
· <p>In July 2024, we observed that inscribed blocks making this inscription are found disonnected and disordered on various buildings of the temple complex (on the eastern, southern, western and northern base of the <foreign>mahāmaṇḍapa</foreign> and on the western base of the Goddess’ shrine, itself attached to the north of the <foreign>mahāmaṇḍapa</foreign>), whereas other blocks have been lost (or built in without showing the inscriptions any more). The temple indeed has been renovated in 1960. This would account for the fact that these blocks are now found disonnected and disordered.</p>
·
225 <p>There is presently (2024) one gap in the inscription, consisting in one missing inscribed block (block no. 2).</p>
·
· </div>
·
· <div type="bibliography">
230
· <p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1917-1918"/></bibl> (ARIE/1917-1918/C/1918/23).</p>
· <p>Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Swaminathan2024_01"/></bibl> (SII 44.23).</p>
· <p>This edition by Emmanuel Francis, based on autopsy and photos (2024 by Emmanuel Francis), on <bibl><ptr target="bib:Swaminathan2024_01"/></bibl> for the presently missing portions.</p>
· <p>ASI transcript and estampage(s), if any, yet to be consulted.</p>
235
· <listBibl type="primary">
·
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· <ptr target="bib:Swaminathan2024_01"/>
240 <citedRange unit="item">23</citedRange>
· <citedRange unit="page">34-35</citedRange>
· </bibl>
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·
245 <listBibl type="secondary">
·
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· <ptr target="bib:ARIE1917-1918"/>
· <citedRange unit="page">91</citedRange>
250 <citedRange unit="item">23</citedRange>
· <citedRange unit="appendix">C/1918/</citedRange>
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·
·
255 </listBibl>
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260</TEI>
Commentary
According to ARIE 1917-18, the inscription is on the north wall of the maṇḍapa in front of the central shrine, which seems to mean the northern wall of the mahāmaṇḍapa.
In July 2024, we observed that inscribed blocks making this inscription are found disonnected and disordered on various buildings of the temple complex (on the eastern, southern, western and northern base of the mahāmaṇḍapa and on the western base of the Goddess’ shrine, itself attached to the north of the mahāmaṇḍapa), whereas other blocks have been lost (or built in without showing the inscriptions any more). The temple indeed has been renovated in 1960. This would account for the fact that these blocks are now found disonnected and disordered.
There is presently (2024) one gap in the inscription, consisting in one missing inscribed block (block no. 2).