1<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
·<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_Schema.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>
·<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_Schema.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>
·<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_SQF.sch" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>
5<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>
·<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>
·<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="eng">
· <teiHeader>
· <fileDesc>
10 <titleStmt>
· <title>Art Institute of Chicago stone Buddha statue, tank foundation, Śaka year 1580</title>
· <respStmt>
· <resp>author of digital edition</resp>
· <persName ref="part:emfr">
15 <forename>Emmanuel</forename>
· <surname>Francis</surname>
· </persName>
· </respStmt>
· </titleStmt>
20 <publicationStmt>
· <authority>DHARMA</authority>
· <pubPlace>Paris</pubPlace>
· <idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSTamilNadu00168</idno>
· <availability>
25 <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
· <p>This work is licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported
· Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit
· https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to
· Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View,
30 California, 94041, USA.</p>
· <p>Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Emmanuel Francis.</p>
· </licence>
· </availability>
· <date from="2019" to="2025">2019-2025</date>
35 </publicationStmt>
· <sourceDesc>
· <msDesc>
· <msIdentifier>
· <repository>DHARMAbase</repository>
40 <idno/>
· </msIdentifier>
· <msContents>
· <summary>17th-century inscription recording the foundation of a tank. Engraved on the back of a 12th-century stone Buddha statue first noticed in Pōḻakkuṭi, possibly brought there from Nākappaṭṭiṉam, and presently kept in the Art Institute of Chicago (<ref target="https://www.artic.edu/artworks/21023/buddha-shakyamuni-seated-in-meditation-dhyanamudra">access no. 1964.556</ref>).</summary>
· </msContents>
45 <physDesc>
· <handDesc>
· <p/>
· </handDesc>
· </physDesc>
50 </msDesc>
· </sourceDesc>
· </fileDesc>
· <encodingDesc>
· <projectDesc>
55 <p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)
· under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant
· agreement no 809994).</p>
· </projectDesc>
· <schemaRef type="guide" key="EGDv01" url="https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02888186"/>
60 <listPrefixDef>
· <prefixDef ident="bib" matchPattern="([a-zA-Z0-9\-\_]+)" replacementPattern="https://www.zotero.org/groups/1633743/erc-dharma/items/tag/$1">
· <p>Public URIs with the prefix bib to point to a Zotero Group Library named
· ERC-DHARMA whose data are open to the public.</p>
· </prefixDef>
65 <prefixDef ident="part" matchPattern="([a-z]+)" replacementPattern="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/DHARMA_IdListMembers_v01.xml#$1">
· <p>Internal URIs using the part prefix to point to person elements in the
· <ref>DHARMA_IdListMembers_v01.xml</ref> file.</p>
· </prefixDef>
· </listPrefixDef>
70 </encodingDesc>
· <revisionDesc>
· <change who="part:emfr" when="2025-10-06" status="draft">Creation of the file</change>
· </revisionDesc>
· </teiHeader>
75 <text xml:space="preserve">
· <body>
·
· <div type="edition" xml:lang="tam-Latn" rendition="class:tamil maturity:vernacular">
·
80 <ab>
· <lb n="1"/><hi rend="grantha">svasti śrī</hi>
· </ab>
·
· <p>
85 cāli-vāka
· <lb n="2" break="no"/>ṉa-<unclear>ca</unclear>kāt=tam <num value="1580"><g type="numeral">1000</g> 5 <g type="numeral">100</g> 8 <g type="numeral">10</g></num>
· <lb n="3"/>Itan mēl-c cell<unclear>ā</unclear> <supplied reason="lost">ni</supplied>
· <lb n="4" break="no"/>ṉṟa pi<unclear>ṟa</unclear>māti <g type="varuṣam"/> Āṭi <g type="mācam"/>
· <lb n="5"/>mutal <g type="tēti"/>
90 </p>
·
· <p>
· rācamā<unclear>nya</unclear>
· <lb n="6" break="no"/>rāca-<hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>-mallāri-rāyar
95 <lb n="7"/>peḷai<supplied reason="omitted">k</supplied>kuṭi-<supplied reason="omitted">k</supplied> kuḷam ve
· <lb n="8" break="no"/>ṭṭivicca paṭiyiṇālē
· <lb n="9"/>Inta k<choice><orig>o</orig><reg>u</reg></choice>ḷattilē tai
· <lb n="10"/>mātam mutal yā<unclear>t</unclear>ām <choice><sic>e</sic><corr>o</corr></choice>
· <lb n="11" break="no"/>ruvar kūṭai-<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied> taṇṇīr
100 <lb n="12" break="no"/>Ē<unclear>ṟ</unclear>ṟaccālum cuṟṟi ma<unclear>ra</unclear>
· <lb n="13" break="no"/>ṅkaḷai veṭṭ<unclear>i</unclear>ṉ<unclear>ā</unclear>lum
· <lb n="14"/>keṅkai-karaiyi<unclear>l</unclear>ē <unclear>kār-ā</unclear>
· <lb n="15" break="no"/>m-pacuvai-k koṉ<supplied reason="explanation">ṟ</supplied>a tō
· <lb n="16" break="no"/><hi rend="grantha">ṣa</hi>ttiḷē pōka-k-kaṭavar ā<unclear>kavum</unclear>
105 </p>
· </div>
·
· <div type="apparatus">
·
110
·
· <listApp>
·
· <app loc="0">
115 <lem/>
· <rdg source="bib:Cox2025_01"/>
· </app>
·
· <app loc="2">
120 <lem><num value="1580"><g type="numeral">1000</g> 5 <g type="numeral">100</g> 8 <g type="numeral">10</g></num></lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Cox2025_01"><num value="1560"><g type="numeral">1000</g> <g type="numeral">500</g> <corr><g type="numeral">60</g></corr></num></rdg>
· <note>The figure is clearly legible to me in <ref target="https://www.artic.edu/videos/26/buddha-shakyamuni-art-institute-essentials-tour">an online video from the Art Institute of Chicago.</ref></note>
· </app>
·
125 <app loc="4">
· <lem>pi<unclear>ṟa</unclear>māti</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Cox2025_01">piṟamāti</rdg>
· </app>
·
130 <app loc="7">
· <lem>peḷai<supplied reason="omitted">k</supplied>kuṭi<supplied reason="omitted">k</supplied></lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Cox2025_01">peḷaikuṭi<supplied reason="omitted">k</supplied></rdg>
· </app>
·
135 <app loc="12">
· <lem>Ē<unclear>ṟ</unclear>ṟaccālum</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Cox2025_01">eṟaiccalum</rdg>
· </app>
·
140 <app loc="13">
· <lem>veṭṭ<unclear>i</unclear>ṉ<unclear>ā</unclear>lum</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Cox2025_01">veṭṭiṉalum</rdg>
· </app>
·
145 <app loc="16">
· <lem>pōkakkaṭavar</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:Cox2025_01">pokakkattu [?]</rdg>
· </app>
·
150 </listApp>
·
· </div>
·
· <div type="translation" resp="part:emfr">
155
· <p n="1">
· Prosperity! Fortune!
· </p>
·
160 <p n="1-5">
· Year 1580 of the Cālivākaṉa-Caka <supplied reason="subaudible">era</supplied>,
· <supplied reason="explanation">that is</supplied>, date first of the month of Āṭi of the year Piṟamāti,<note>That is, Jovian 60-year cycle year Pramāthin or Pramādin, as pointed out by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Cox2025_01"/></bibl> (p. 491).</note>
· which was current upon it.
· </p>
165
· <p n="5-16">
· According to the manner in which
· the glorious Mallārirāyar<note>On this possibly being the Tamil rendering of the Marathi name Malhār Rao, see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Cox2025_01"/></bibl> (p. 492).</note>, king honoured by kings, had the tank in Peḷaikkuṭi dug,
· at this tank,
170 starting from the month of Tai,
· if one, whoever <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>yātam oruvar</foreign></supplied>, lifts up water <supplied reason="subaudible">with</supplied> baskets
· or cuts sourrounding trees,
· he should be deemed to undergo the sin of killing a black cow on the bank of the Ganges.
· </p>
175
· </div>
·
· <div type="commentary">
· <p>The date is problematic. Śaka 1580, that is 1658/59 CE, does not match any Jovian 60-year cycle year Piṟamāti, that is, Pramāthin (1639/40 CE) or Pramādin (1603/04, 1663/64 CE). See discussion in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Cox2025_01"/></bibl> (p. 491), who suggests that <quote>the simplest solution is thus to understand the year as <foreign>pramāthin</foreign>, equivalent to Śaka 1560 or 1638 CE.</quote></p>
180 </div>
·
· <div type="bibliography">
·
· <p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1950-1951"/></bibl> (ARIE/1950-1951/B/1950-1951/255); in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Ghose2022_01"/></bibl>, with photograph.</p>
185 <p>
· Edited and translated in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Cox2025_01"/></bibl> (pp. 493-494), with photograph (fig. 10, p. 504).
· </p>
· <p>This digital edition by Emmanuel Francis based on documentation kindly supplied by Nicolas Revire (including an unpublished reading by the late Michael Rabe) and on <bibl><ptr target="bib:Cox2025_01"/></bibl>.</p>
·
190 <listBibl type="primary">
·
· <bibl n="C">
· <ptr target="bib:Cox2025_01"/>
· </bibl>
195
· </listBibl>
·
· <listBibl type="secondary">
·
200 <bibl>
· <ptr target="bib:ARIE1950-1951"/>
· <citedRange unit="page">31</citedRange>
· <citedRange unit="appendix">B/1950-1951</citedRange>
· <citedRange unit="item">255</citedRange>
205 </bibl>
·
· <bibl>
· <ptr target="bib:Ghose2022_01"/>
· </bibl>
210
· </listBibl>
· </div>
· </body>
· </text>
215</TEI>
Commentary
The date is problematic. Śaka 1580, that is 1658/59 CE, does not match any Jovian 60-year cycle year Piṟamāti, that is, Pramāthin (1639/40 CE) or Pramādin (1603/04, 1663/64 CE). See discussion in Cox 2025 (p. 491), who suggests that “the simplest solution is thus to understand the year as pramāthin, equivalent to Śaka 1560 or 1638 CE.”