Nallūr, Vilvāraṇyeśvara, time of Kulottuṅga Cōḻa, year (9)

Authors of digital edition: Renato Dávalos (reda), Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: Sale of rights to five tēvaraṭiyār to sing the first song (mutal pāṭṭu) of the Tiruvempāvai, carry out the hunting festival (tiruveṭṭai) and climbing up the processional car (tiruttēr).

Palaeographic description: No distinction between e and ē, o and ō.

Language: Tamil (tam) [Grantha (grantha), Tamil (tamil)].

Repository: Tamil Nadu (varia) (tfa-tamilnadu-epigraphy).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSTamilNadu00029.

File path: DHARMA_INSTamilNadu00029.xml.

Version: 2026-02-18 12:16 (61df5b4), last modified 2026-02-18 12:16 (0c69837).

Edition

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī tir-pu(va)ṉa-c-cak-
⟨2⟩ kara-vartt(i)kaḷ śrī-kulōttu-
⟨3⟩ ṅka-cōḻa-tēvarkku yāṇṭu (9)-
⟨4⟩ Āva⟨tu⟩ Uṭaiyār nalla-nā{y}(ya)-
⟨5⟩ ¡n!ār tēvaraṭiyāri(l) Aṟam-uṭaiy-
⟨6⟩ (ā)ḷ makaḷ nācc(i){y}y-āṉa nāṟpatte-
⟨7⟩ ṇṇāyira-naṅkaik=kku kōvikkum tiru-v-
⟨8⟩ -Uṭaiya¡ḷḷ!ukkum t(iru)-mē¡n!ikk¡i! naḷḷukku-
⟨9⟩ m Iṉṉā⟨l⟩vaṟkkum In-nāya¡n!ār kōyilil
⟨10⟩ tiruv¿a?⟨m⟩p¡a!vai mutal [pā]ṭṭum tiru-vēṭṭai
⟨11⟩ muṉ¡n!ēṟṟamum tiru-⟨t⟩-tēr mu¡n!ēṟavum I(vai)
⟨12⟩ ¿A?ṇṭu māṟi cempāti ce⟨y⟩yāṭavarkaḷ 1
⟨13⟩ poṉ kaḻ¿ai?ñc’ araiyum c¿i?-paṇṭ¿a?rattu
⟨14⟩ Oṭukku-k-koṇṭu taṇṭēcura-vilai y-
⟨15⟩ (ā)ka Ivarkaḷukku ⟨ku⟩ṭuttōm Ik-kōyi¿lali? t-
⟨16⟩ ā¡n!attōm ⁋

Apparatus

⟨12⟩ ¿A?⟨Ā⟩ṇṭu • Compare Āṇṭu māṟi-c ce(m) in INSTamilNadu00030 (line 9).

Translation

⟨1⟩ Prosperity! Fortune!

⟨1–4⟩ (9)th year of the glorious king Kulottuṅga Cōḻa, emperor of the three worlds.

⟨4–9⟩ These (iṉṉāvaṟkkum) (were the women who were granted rights:) Nācci, daughter of Aṟam-uṭaiyāḷ, also known as Nāṟpatteṇṇāyira Naṅkai, and for these four (women:) Kōvi, Tiruvuṭaiyāḷ, Tirumēṉi, and Naḷḷu.¹

⟨9–12⟩ We, the temple trustees (tāṉattār), have received one and a half kaḻañcu of gold as fixed price by Taṇṭēcurar,² and deposited it into the temple treasury, thereby granting (the right to) sing the first song (mutal pāṭṭu), of the Tiruvempāvai, to carry out (muṉṉēṟṟam) the hunting festival (tiruvēṭṭai), and to climb on the sacred chariot (tiruttēr). These (duties) are to be performed by them in rotation every other year in the temple of this Lord.

Bibliography

Reported in ARIE 1939-43 (ARIE/1939-1943/B/1940-1941/143).

This edition by Renato Dávalos and Emmanuel Francis, based on autopsy (2024), photos (E. Francis, 2024), ASI estampage kindly supplied by the Director of Epigraphy in Mysore, and online documentation (photo by Aragalur Pon Venkatesan, accessed 2025-11-05).

Secondary

ARIE 1939-43. Annual reports on South Indian epigraphy for the years 1939-40 to 1942-43. Edited by C. R. Krishnamacharlu and N. Laksminarayan Rao. Delhi: Government of India, 1952. Page 92, item 143, appendixes B/1940-1941.

Notes

1. The beneficiaries are indicated by a chain of datives, partly coordinated by -um: nācci-āṉa nāṟpatteṇṇāyira naṅkaikku (i.e., Nāṟpatteṇṇāyira Naṅkai, alias Nācci, daughter of Aṟamuṭaiyāḷ), followed by kōvikkum, tiruvuṭaiyaḷukkum, tirumēṉikki, and naḷḷukkum. The syntax is ambiguous because of the inconsistent distribution of -um, which makes the segmentation of names interpretative. ARIE summarizes the transaction as involving two tēvaraṭiyāḷ, but without mentioning the segmentation of their names. Alternatively, another reading could restrict the enumeration to items explicitly marked by -um, yielding three coordinated beneficiaries: 1) naṅkaikku kōvikkum, 2) tiruvuṭaiyaḷukkum, and 3) tirumēṉikki naḷḷukkum.
2. Sanskrit Caṇḍeśvara.

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<lb n="3" break="no"/>ṅka-cōḻa-tēvarkku yāṇṭu <unclear>9</unclear>

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Uṭaiyār nalla-nā<surplus>y</surplus><unclear>ya</unclear>

<lb n="5" break="no"/><choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>ār tēvaraṭiyāri<unclear>l</unclear> Aṟam-uṭaiy

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<lb n="9" break="no"/>m Iṉṉā<supplied reason="omitted">l</supplied>vaṟkkum

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In-nāya<choice><orig>n</orig><reg>ṉ</reg></choice>ār kōyilil

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<note>Compare <foreign>Āṇṭu māṟi-c ce<unclear>m</unclear></foreign> in <ref target="DHARMA_INSTamilNadu00030.xml"/> (line 9).</note>

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Prosperity! Fortune!

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<unclear>9</unclear>th year of the glorious king Kulottuṅga Cōḻa, emperor of the three worlds.

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These <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>iṉṉāvaṟkkum</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="explanation">were the women who were granted rights:</supplied> Nācci, daughter of Aṟam-uṭaiyāḷ, also known as Nāṟpatteṇṇāyira Naṅkai, and for these four <supplied reason="explanation">women:</supplied> Kōvi, Tiruvuṭaiyāḷ, Tirumēṉi, and Naḷḷu.<note> The beneficiaries are indicated by a chain of datives, partly coordinated by -um: <foreign>nācci-āṉa nāṟpatteṇṇāyira naṅkaikku</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation">i.e., Nāṟpatteṇṇāyira Naṅkai, alias Nācci, daughter of Aṟamuṭaiyāḷ</supplied>, followed by <foreign>kōvikkum</foreign>, <foreign>tiruvuṭaiyaḷukkum</foreign>, <foreign>tirumēṉikki</foreign>, and <foreign>naḷḷukkum</foreign>. The syntax is ambiguous because of the inconsistent distribution of -<foreign>um</foreign>, which makes the segmentation of names interpretative. ARIE summarizes the transaction as involving two <foreign>tēvaraṭiyāḷ</foreign>, but without mentioning the segmentation of their names. Alternatively, another reading could restrict the enumeration to items explicitly marked by -um, yielding three coordinated beneficiaries: 1) naṅkaikku kōvikkum, 2) tiruvuṭaiyaḷukkum, and 3) tirumēṉikki naḷḷukkum.</note>

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We, the temple trustees <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tāṉattār</foreign></supplied>, have received one and a half <foreign>kaḻañcu</foreign> of gold as fixed price by Taṇṭēcurar,<note>Sanskrit Caṇḍeśvara.</note> and deposited it into the temple treasury, thereby granting <supplied reason="explanation">the right to</supplied> sing the first song <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>mutal pāṭṭu</foreign></supplied>, of the Tiruvempāvai, to carry out <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>muṉṉēṟṟam</foreign></supplied> the hunting festival <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tiruvēṭṭai</foreign></supplied>, and to climb on the sacred chariot <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tiruttēr</foreign></supplied>. These <supplied reason="explanation">duties</supplied> are to be performed by them in rotation every other year in the temple of this Lord.

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<p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1939-1943"/></bibl> (ARIE/1939-1943/B/1940-1941/143).</p>

<p>This edition by Renato Dávalos and Emmanuel Francis, based on autopsy (2024), photos (E. Francis, 2024), ASI estampage kindly supplied by the Director of Epigraphy in Mysore, and online documentation (<ref target="https://maps.app.goo.gl/DePA4mJtfzgRM8qH6">photo</ref> by Aragalur Pon Venkatesan, accessed 2025-11-05).</p>

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