Navamuni cave Inscription of the time of Uddyotakeśarin year 18
Version: (61c0c8c), last modified (fba6614).
Edition
⟨1⟩ @ śrīmad-udyotakesari-devasya pravarddhamāne vijaya-rājye samvaT 18
⟨2⟩ śrī_-Ārya-saṁgha-prativaddha-graha-kula-vinirggata-deśī-gaṇa-Ācārya-śrī-kulacandra-
⟨3⟩ _-bhaṭṭārakasya tasya śiṣya-subhacandrasya{ḥ}||✤||1
Apparatus
⟨2⟩ Ārya° S ⬦ Āryya R • There is no duplication of the °y° noticeable on the photo. — ⟨2⟩ °graha-kula° S R ⬦ °grahdvāla° P • The reading °graha-kula° is really clear on the photo and what Panigrahi 1961 suggests is not what is written but should be seen as an interpretation or a suggestion for correction of what is engraved in stone. — ⟨2⟩ °deśī-gaṇa° S R ⬦ °Ṛ¡śī!⟨ṣi⟩-gaṇa° P • Here again, there is no doubt for the reading °deśī-gaṇa° whose akṣaras are really legible on the photo. What Panigrahi 1961 suggests is not what is written but should be seen as an interpretation or a suggestion for correction of what is engraved in stone. — ⟨2⟩ °Ā¡v!⟨c⟩ārya° ⬦ °Ācārya° S; °Ācāryya° R; °Āvārya° P • If we compare the appearance of akṣara ca used in the words kulacandra and subhacandra, it appears more likely to read °Āvārya° as suggested by Panigrahi 1961. However, accepting this reading does not lead to a satisfactory meaning or syntactic construction. Moreover, the proximity of the word śiṣya (clearly legible) and the similarity of the two proper nouns (kulacandra and subhacandra) invite to understand a master-pupil relationship between these two and to read Ācārya. One can also compare this inscription with the other one legible in the same cave (see Lalāṭendukesari’s Cave Inscription of Mahābhavagupta Uddyotakesarin Year 5)
Translation
Hail ! During the year 18 of the glorious king Uddyotakesarin !
From1 Subahcandra, disciple of the venerable lord Kulacandra, master of the guild Deśī from the Graha corporation, linked to the community of the venerable Ārya (or to the respectful community Ārya).
Translation into French
Hommage ! En l’année prospère 18 du règne du glorieux (śrī) roi (deva) Uddyotakesarin
De la part2 de Subhacandra, disciple de sa majesté, le vénérable Kulacandra, maître de la confrérie Deśī issue de la corporation des Graha, rattachée à la communauté du respectable Ārya (ou de la respectable communauté Ārya).
Bibliography
Whereas Prinsep 1837 was the first to edit the inscriptions found in Khaṇḍagiri and Udayagiri, he did not edit this which was first noticed by Beglar 1882, who published it with Cunningham’s reading of it in the Archaelogical Survey Report, vol XIII, p. 85, note 1. First published by Banerji 1915–1916, pp. 165–166. Re-edited here by Amandine Wattelier-Bricout based on the photos taken with Annette Schmiedchen in January 2023.
Primary
[B] Banerji, Rakhal Das. 1915–1916. “Inscriptions in the Udayagiri and Khandagiri caves.” EI 13, pp. 159–167. Item XIV, pages 165–166.
[P] Panigrahi, Krishna Chandra. 1961. Chronology of the Bhauma-Karas and the Somavaṁśīs of Orissa. No place. Page 55.
[R] Rajaguru, Satyanarayan. 1966. Inscriptions of Orissa, vol. 4. No place: Sri Sarada Press. [URL]. Item 38, pages 242–243.
[S] Shastri, Ajay Mitra. 1995. Inscriptions of the Śarabhapurīyas, Pāṇḍuvaṁśins and Somavaṁśins, Part II: Inscriptions. New Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Motilal Bandarsidass. Item XXV, pages 301–302.
Secondary
Tripathy, Snigdha. 2010. Descriptive topographical catalogue of Orissan inscriptions. New Delhi: Manohar Publishers & Distributors. Pages 299–300.
Notes
1. This is an adverbial genitive which expresses an original value "from" "on the part of" (see Renou 1975, № 222b, p. 305).
2. Le génitif employé ici correspond à un génitif adverbial exprimant une valeur d’origine "provenant de", "de la part de" (sur ce point, voir Renou 1975, № 222b, p. 305).
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<lb n="1"/><ab><g type="spiralL"/></ab> <p><roleName>śrīmad</roleName>-<persName type="king" key="PSN01002">udyotakesari</persName>-<roleName>devasya</roleName> pravarddhamāne vijaya-rājye samvaT <num value="18">18</num><lb n="2"/>śrī<space unit="character" quantity="1"/>-Ārya-saṁgha-prativaddha-graha-kula-vinirggata-deśī-gaṇa-Ācārya-śrī-kulacandra<lb n="3" break="no"/><space unit="character" quantity="1"/>-bhaṭṭārakasya tasya śiṣya-subhacandrasya<surplus>ḥ</surplus><g type="ddandaStrokeLeft">.</g><g type="floretComplex">.</g><g type="ddandaStrokeLeft">.</g><num value="1">1</num></p>
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<note>There is no duplication of the °y° noticeable on the photo.</note>
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<p>Hail ! During the year 18 of the glorious king Uddyotakesarin !</p>
<p>From<note>
This is an adverbial genitive which expresses an original value "from" "on the part of" <supplied reason="explanation">see <bibl><ptr target="bib:Renou1975_01"/><citedRange unit="item">222b</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">305</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.
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Subahcandra, disciple of the venerable lord Kulacandra, master of the guild Deśī from the Graha corporation, linked to the community of the venerable Ārya (or to the respectful community Ārya).</p>
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<p>Hommage ! En l'année prospère 18 du règne du glorieux <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>śrī</foreign></supplied> roi <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>deva</foreign></supplied> Uddyotakesarin </p>
<p>De la part<note>
Le génitif employé ici correspond à un génitif adverbial exprimant une valeur d'origine "provenant de", "de la part de" <supplied reason="explanation">sur ce point, voir <bibl><ptr target="bib:Renou1975_01"/><citedRange unit="item">222b</citedRange><citedRange unit="page">305</citedRange></bibl></supplied>.
</note>
de Subhacandra, disciple de sa majesté, le vénérable Kulacandra, maître de la confrérie Deśī issue de la corporation des Graha, rattachée à la communauté du respectable Ārya (ou de la respectable communauté Ārya).
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<!--translation encoded as per EGD §9.2 -->
<!-- Ācārya lecture āvārya possible voire acceptable en observant la photo. en revanche voir comment construire le sens Āvārya MW 156 having covered having concealed warding off keeping off Traduction de Panigrahi incohérente car dans 29 il lit avasya et dans soma 48 il propose acarya ? -->
<!-- Banerjee's translation (given by Panigrahi1981_01 p.138 and also by Rajaguru p.243) : The year 18 of the increasing and victorious reign of the illustrious U(d*)dyotakesari-Deva. (The work of) Śubhacandra, the disciple of the lord the illustrious Ācārya Kulacandra, (who) belonged to the Graha=kula of the illustrious Ārya-congregation (and belonged to) the Deśīgaṇa. (Rather nanditadrathā of the Deśīgaṇa derived from the Graha-kula, belonging to the illustrious Arya-saṅgha. FWT)-->
<!-- Panigrahi's translation (Panigrahi1981_01 p.138) : In the year 18 of the increasing and victorious reign of Sri Uddyotakesari-deva (this cave temple) belonged to (i.e. was caused to be excavated by) Subhachandra, disciple of Sri Kulachandra Bhataraka, for the abode of the sages belonging to Aryasamgha and coming. One cave temple... -->
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<p>The inscription is found on the inner side of the architrave;</p>
<p>General Cunningham's reading reported by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Beglar1882_01"/></bibl> is the following : <q>Sri Madusyota Kesari Devasya pravarddhanne rajye samvat 18 (?) Sri Arya Sangha prati Vadoha graha kula vivisca (?) de Sri Ganascarya Sri Kalacandra bha***sya*likhya Subha Cnadrasyeh***</q></p>
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Commentary
The inscription is found on the inner side of the architrave;
General Cunningham’s reading reported by Beglar 1882 is the following : “Sri Madusyota Kesari Devasya pravarddhanne rajye samvat 18 (?) Sri Arya Sangha prati Vadoha graha kula vivisca (?) de Sri Ganascarya Sri Kalacandra bha***sya*likhya Subha Cnadrasyeh***”