SII 3.132: original edition by H. Krishna Sastri

Alternative title: “XIV.—INSCRIPTIONS OF PARAKESARIVARMAN UTTAMA-CHOLA. No. 132.—ON THE NORTH BASE OF THE SECOND PILLAR IN THE ROCK-CUT CAVE IN THE PUNDARIKAKSHA-PERUMAL TEMPLE AT TIRUVELLARAI. No. 534 of 1905.”

Author of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: This unfinished inscription is dated in the 8th year of Parakēsarivarman and registers a gift of [2]0 kaḻañju of gold for offerings to the god Kṛishṇa and his consort Rukmiṇī. The donor was Īrāyiraṉdēvi-Ammaṉār, the wife of ‘the lord who died on the back of an elephant’.

This is the earliest reference in South-Indian Inscriptions to the worship of Kṛishṇa and Rukmiṇī. By the clause ‘the lord who died on the back of an elephant’ we have probably to understand Prince Rājāditya who, in the large Leyden grant, is stated to have met with his death on the back of an elephant in an encounter with Kṛishṇarāja (i.e., the Rāshṭrakūṭa king Kṛishṇa III.)¹ King Parakēsarivarman must, therefore, be identified with either Madhurāntaka Uttama-Chōḷa or with Āditya-Karikāla II.

Language: Tamil (tam) [Tamil (tamil)].

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0132.

File path: SII03/DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0132.xml.

Version: 2026-02-03 16:20 (df30148), last modified 2026-02-01 18:36 (b14916e).

Edition

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī [||] kopparakesaripanmaṟkku yāṇṭu 8 Āvatu tiruveḷḷaṟai periyaśrī-
⟨2⟩ koyilil śrīkṛūṣṇarkkum śrīrukmiṇip=pirāṭṭiyārkkum Uṭaiyār Āṉaimeṟṟu-
⟨3⟩ ñciṉār deviyār ¿I?rāyiraṉṟeviyammaṉār kuṭuttapaṭi Eḻutiyatu śrīkṛūṣṇarkku
⟨4⟩ Iraṇṭu vāvum Aṣṭamiyum saṃ¿g?rān=tiyum Innāḷ(ḷoṉṟaikku) nāṉāḻi {nāṉāḻi} Arici-
⟨5⟩ (y)āl Amu⟨tu⟩paṭi¿m?mutu ceyvikka vaitta poṉ tiruveḷḷaṟaikallā⟨l⟩ mutala-
⟨6⟩ [*****] rupatiṉ kaḻañcum viḷakkoṉṟukku vaitta poṉ tiruveḷḷaṟaikallāl

Apparatus

⟨4⟩ nāṉāḻi nāṉāḻi • {nāṉāḻi} which is repeated in the original may be cancelled.

Translation by Krishna Sastri 1920

Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 8th year of (the reign of) king Parakēsarivarman, (the following) was engraved (i.e., recorded) as the gift (made) by Īrāyiraṉdēvi-Ammaṉār, the consort of ‘the lord who died on the back of an elephant’ (Uḍaiyār Āṉaimēṟṟuñjiṉār) to the glorious (god) Kṛishṇa and the glorious goddess Rukmiṇī in the sacred big temple (periya-śrīkōyil) at Tiruveḷḷaṟai. [Twenty] kaḻañju of gold (weighed) by the stone (called after) Tiruveḷḷaṟai, were deposited for offering food prepared from four nāḻi of rice to the glorious (god) Kṛishṇa on each one of the (following) days (viz.,) the two vāvu (?), Ashṭami (eighth tithi) and Saṅkrānti. And for one lamp, was deposited . . . . gold (weighed) by the stone (called after) Tiruveḷḷaṟai.

Commentary

⟨6⟩ tiruveḷḷaṟaikallāl. The record stops here.

Bibliography

Digital edition of SII 3.132 by Krishna Sastri 1920 converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

[SII] Krishna Sastri, H. 1920. South-Indian inscriptions. Volume III: Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil country. Part III: Inscriptions of Aditya I, Parantaka I, Madiraikonda, Rajakesarivarman, Parantaka II, Uttama-Chola, Parthivendravarman and Aditya-Karikala and the Tiruvalangadu plates of Rajendra-Chola I. South Indian Inscriptions 3.3. Madras: Government Press. Pages 278–279, item 132.

Notes

1. See Madras Epigraphical Report for 1912, page 62, paragraph 14.

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<title type="alt">XIV.—INSCRIPTIONS OF PARAKESARIVARMAN UTTAMA-CHOLA. No. 132.—ON THE NORTH BASE OF THE SECOND PILLAR IN THE ROCK-CUT CAVE IN THE PUNDARIKAKSHA-PERUMAL TEMPLE AT TIRUVELLARAI. No. 534 of 1905.</title>

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<p>This unfinished inscription is dated in the 8th year of <hi rend="bold">Parakēsarivarman</hi> and registers a gift of [2]0 <hi rend="italic">kaḻañju</hi> of gold for offerings to the god Kṛishṇa and his consort <hi rend="bold">Rukmiṇī</hi>. The donor was <hi rend="bold">Īrāyiraṉdēvi-Ammaṉār</hi>, the wife of ‘the lord who died on the back of an elephant’.</p>

<p>This is the earliest reference in <hi rend="italic">South-Indian Inscriptions</hi> to the worship of <hi rend="bold">Kṛishṇa</hi> and <hi rend="bold">Rukmiṇī</hi>. By the clause ‘the lord who died on the back of an elephant’ we have probably to understand Prince <hi rend="bold">Rājāditya</hi> who, in the large Leyden grant, is stated to have met with his death on the back of an elephant in an encounter with <hi rend="bold">Kṛishṇarāja</hi> (<hi rend="italic">i.e.</hi>, the <hi rend="bold">Rāshṭrakūṭa</hi> king <hi rend="bold">Kṛishṇa</hi> III.)<note>See <hi rend="italic">Madras Epigraphical Report</hi> for 1912, page 62, paragraph 14.</note> King <hi rend="bold">Parakēsarivarman</hi> must, therefore, be identified with either <hi rend="bold">Madhurāntaka Uttama-Chōḷa</hi> or with <hi rend="bold">Āditya-Karikāla II</hi>.</p>

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<lb n="6" break="no"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="5" unit="character"/> rupatiṉ kaḻañcum viḷakkoṉṟukku vaitta poṉ tiruveḷḷaṟaikallāl

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<lem>nāṉāḻi nāṉāḻi</lem>

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<p>Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 8th year of (<hi rend="italic">the reign of</hi>) king <hi rend="bold">Parakēsarivarman</hi>, (<hi rend="italic">the following</hi>) was engraved (<hi rend="italic">i.e.</hi>, recorded) as the gift (<hi rend="italic">made</hi>) by <hi rend="bold">Īrāyiraṉdēvi-Ammaṉār</hi>, the consort of ‘the lord who died on the back of an elephant’ <hi rend="bold">(Uḍaiyār Āṉaimēṟṟuñjiṉār)</hi> to the glorious (<hi rend="italic">god</hi>) <hi rend="bold">Kṛishṇa</hi> and the glorious goddess <hi rend="bold">Rukmiṇī</hi> in the sacred big temple (<hi rend="italic">periya-śrīkōyil</hi>) at <hi rend="bold">Tiruveḷḷaṟai</hi>. [Twenty] <hi rend="italic">kaḻañju</hi> of gold (<hi rend="italic">weighed</hi>) by the stone (<hi rend="italic">called after</hi>) <hi rend="bold">Tiruveḷḷaṟai</hi>, were deposited for offering food prepared from four <hi rend="italic">nāḻi</hi> of rice to the glorious (<hi rend="italic">god</hi>) Kṛishṇa on each one of the (<hi rend="italic">following</hi>) days (<hi rend="italic">viz.,</hi>) the two <hi rend="italic">vāvu</hi> (?), Ashṭami (<hi rend="italic">eighth tithi</hi>) and Saṅkrānti. And for one lamp, was deposited . . . . gold (<hi rend="italic">weighed</hi>) by the stone (<hi rend="italic">called after</hi>) Tiruveḷḷaṟai.</p>

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<p n="6"><foreign>tiruveḷḷaṟaikallāl</foreign>. The record stops here.</p>

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