SII 3.97: original edition by H. Krishna Sastri

Alternative title: “XI.—INSCRIPTIONS OF PARAKESARIVARMAN PARANTAKA I. No. 97.—ON A ROCK TO THE LEFT OF THE PAINTED CAVE AT TIRUMALAI NEAR POLUR. No. 66 of 1907.”

Author of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: This inscription records that in the 4th year of Parakēsarivarman, two residents of Kaḍuttalai in the country called Irumaḍichchōḻar Kaṉṉāḍaga (Karṇāṭaka), gave four kaḻañju of gold for feeding a devotee in the Jain temple on the hill at Vaigāvūr in Paṅgaḷa-nāḍu which was a subdivision of Palakuṉṟakōṭṭam. The name Irumaḍichchōḻar Kaṉṉāḍaga indicates that the country in which Vaigāvūr was situated, was so called after Irumaḍichchōḻa who is perhaps to be identified with Parakēsarivarman in whose reign the record is dated. Irumaḍichchōḻa means ‘the twice (powerful) Chōḻa’ as Mummaḍichchōḻa, the surname of Rājarāja I. means ‘the thrice (powerful) Chōḻa’. Parakēsarivarman Parāntaka I. was actually the second powerful king in the Vijayālaya line.

Language: Tamil (tam) [Tamil (tamil)].

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0097.

File path: SII03/DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0097.xml.

Version: 2026-02-04 18:29 (2394ab9), last modified 2026-02-04 18:20 (890de70).

Edition

⟨1⟩ (svasti śrī) [||] (kop)parakecaripaṉma⟨r⟩kku yāṇṭu nālā-
⟨2⟩ vatu palakuṉṟakkoṭṭattup paṅkaḷaṉāṭṭu vai-
⟨3⟩ ykāvūrt tirumalaippaḷḷiyil nicatamoru Aṭikaḷmārkku-
⟨4⟩ c coru vaittār Irumaṭiccoḻar kaṉṉāṭakakkaṭuttalaiŪr
⟨5⟩ devakaṉmi Eraṉ puttukaṉum maturāntakakkarampuḻā(rāna)
⟨6⟩ kaṭuttalaiy comaṉāyakaṉ cantayaṉāyiravaṉumivvi-
⟨7⟩ ruvoñ cantirātittaruḷḷaḷavum ni¿r?ka vaittomita-
⟨8⟩ ṉukku nāṟkaḻaiñcu poṉṉāl vanta palicaiyyālippa-
⟨9⟩ ḷḷiyāḷvāre Ūṭṭuvikka vaittom [||]

Apparatus

⟨4⟩ vaittār • {vaittōm} would be more appropriate.

Translation by Krishna Sastri 1920

Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 4th year of (the reign of) king Parakēsarivarman, we, the two following persons (viz.) Eraṉ Puttugaṉ, a temple servant (dēvakaṉmi) of the village of Kaḍuttalai in Irumaḍichchōḻar-Kaṉṉāḍaga (country) and Madurāntaka Karambuḻār alias Sōmanāyagaṉ Śandaiyaṉ Āyiravaṉ of Kaḍuttalai, provided to give food regularly¹ to one devotee (aḍigaḷ) in the Jaina temple (paḷḷi) on the sacred hill (tirumalai) at Vaigāvūr (a village) in Paṅgaḷa-nāḍu (which was a district) of Palakuṉṟa-kōṭṭam. We deposited for this (purpose) four kaḻañju of gold to last as long as the moon and the sun endure, so that, with the interest accruing (from this gold), the managers of this paḷḷi shall themselves feed (the devotee).

Bibliography

Digital edition of SII 3.97 by Krishna Sastri 1920 converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

[SII] Krishna Sastri, H. 1920. South-Indian inscriptions. Volume III: Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil country. Part III: Inscriptions of Aditya I, Parantaka I, Madiraikonda, Rajakesarivarman, Parantaka II, Uttama-Chola, Parthivendravarman and Aditya-Karikala and the Tiruvalangadu plates of Rajendra-Chola I. South Indian Inscriptions 3.3. Madras: Government Press. Pages 229–230, item 97.

Notes

1. In South-Indian Inscriptions (e.g., Vol. III, Part II, p. 146) this word is translated as ‘daily.’ It is doubtful if niśadam, which also sometimes occurs as niśadi, is to be taken as a Tamil corruption of the Sanskrit niyata or if it is only another form of nichcham (skt. nitya).

Display Options Word Wrap Line Numbers Comments Processing Instructions

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_Schema.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>

<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_SQF.sch" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>

<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>

<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>

<title>SII 3.97: original edition by H. Krishna Sastri</title>

<title type="alt">XI.—INSCRIPTIONS OF PARAKESARIVARMAN PARANTAKA I. No. 97.—ON A ROCK TO THE LEFT OF THE PAINTED CAVE AT TIRUMALAI NEAR POLUR. No. 66 of 1907.</title>

<resp>author of digital edition</resp>

<forename>Emmanuel</forename>

<surname>Francis</surname>

</persName>

</respStmt>

</titleStmt>

<authority>DHARMA</authority>

<pubPlace>Paris, CEIAS</pubPlace>

<idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0097</idno>

</publicationStmt>

<repository>DHARMAbase</repository>

<idno/>

</msIdentifier>

<p>This inscription records that in the 4th year of <hi rend="bold">Parakēsarivarman</hi>, two residents of <hi rend="bold">Kaḍuttalai</hi> in the country called <hi rend="bold">Irumaḍichchōḻar Kaṉṉāḍaga (Karṇāṭaka)</hi>, gave four <hi rend="italic">kaḻañju</hi> of gold for feeding a devotee in the Jain temple on the hill at <hi rend="bold">Vaigāvūr</hi> in <hi rend="bold">Paṅgaḷa-nāḍu</hi> which was a subdivision of <hi rend="bold">Palakuṉṟakōṭṭam</hi>. The name <hi rend="bold">Irumaḍichchōḻar Kaṉṉāḍaga</hi> indicates that the country in which Vaigāvūr was situated, was so called after <hi rend="bold">Irumaḍichchōḻa</hi> who is perhaps to be identified with <hi rend="bold">Parakēsarivarman</hi> in whose reign the record is dated. <hi rend="bold">Irumaḍichchōḻa</hi> means ‘the twice (<hi rend="italic">powerful</hi>) Chōḻa’ as <hi rend="bold">Mummaḍichchōḻa</hi>, the surname of <hi rend="bold">Rājarāja</hi> I. means ‘the thrice (<hi rend="italic">powerful</hi>) Chōḻa’. <hi rend="bold">Parakēsarivarman Parāntaka</hi> I. was actually the second powerful king in the <hi rend="bold">Vijayālaya</hi> line.</p>

</summary>

</msContents>

<p/>

</handDesc>

</physDesc>

</msDesc>

</sourceDesc>

</fileDesc>

<change who="part:emfr" when="2026-01-15" status="draft">Further conversion of digital encoding to DHARMA encoding scheme according to EGD (Encoding Guide for Diplomatic Editions)</change>

<change who="part:mime" when="2025-11-26" status="draft">Conversion of digital encoding to DHARMA encoding scheme according to EGD (Encoding Guide for Diplomatic Editions)</change>

</revisionDesc>

</teiHeader>

<body>

<p>

<lb n="1"/><hi rend="grantha"><unclear>svasti śrī</unclear></hi> <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="ddanda">.</g></supplied> <unclear>kop</unclear>parakecaripaṉma<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>kku yāṇṭu nālā

<lb n="2" break="no"/>vatu palakuṉṟakkoṭṭattup paṅkaḷaṉāṭṭu vai

<lb n="3" break="no"/>ykāvūrt tirumalaippaḷḷiyil nicatamoru Aṭikaḷmārkku

<lb n="4" break="no"/>c coru vaittār Irumaṭiccoḻar kaṉṉāṭakakkaṭuttalaiŪr

<lb n="5"/><hi rend="grantha">de</hi>vakaṉmi Eraṉ puttukaṉum maturāntakakkarampuḻā<unclear>rāna</unclear>

<lb n="6"/>kaṭuttalaiy comaṉāyakaṉ cantayaṉāyiravaṉumivvi

<lb n="7" break="no"/>ruvoñ cantirātittaruḷḷaḷavum ni<choice><sic>r</sic><corr>ṟ</corr></choice>ka vaittomita

<lb n="8" break="no"/>ṉukku nāṟkaḻaiñcu poṉṉāl vanta palicaiyyālippa

<lb n="9" break="no"/>ḷḷiyāḷvāre Ūṭṭuvikka vaittom <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="ddanda">.</g></supplied>

</p>

</div>

<lem>vaittār</lem>

<note><surplus>vaittōm</surplus> would be more appropriate.</note>

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

<p>Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 4th year of (<hi rend="italic">the reign of</hi>) king <hi rend="bold">Parakēsarivarman</hi>, we, the two following persons (<hi rend="italic">viz.</hi>) <hi rend="bold">Eraṉ Puttugaṉ</hi>, a temple servant (<hi rend="italic">dēvakaṉmi</hi>) of the village of <hi rend="bold">Kaḍuttalai</hi> in <hi rend="bold">Irumaḍichchōḻar-Kaṉṉāḍaga</hi> (<hi rend="italic">country</hi>) and <hi rend="bold">Madurāntaka Karambuḻār</hi> <hi rend="italic">alias</hi> <hi rend="bold">Sōmanāyagaṉ Śandaiyaṉ Āyiravaṉ</hi> of <hi rend="bold">Kaḍuttalai</hi>, provided to give food regularly<note>In <hi rend="italic">South-Indian Inscriptions</hi> (e.g., Vol. III, Part II, p. 146) this word is translated as ‘daily.’ It is doubtful if <hi rend="italic">niśadam</hi>, which also sometimes occurs as <foreign>niśadi</foreign>, is to be taken as a Tamil corruption of the Sanskrit <foreign>niyata</foreign> or if it is only another form of <foreign>nichcham</foreign> (skt. <foreign>nitya</foreign>).</note> to one devotee (<hi rend="italic">aḍigaḷ</hi>) in the Jaina temple (<hi rend="italic">paḷḷi</hi>) on the sacred hill (<hi rend="italic">tirumalai</hi>) at <hi rend="bold">Vaigāvūr</hi> (<hi rend="italic">a village</hi>) in Paṅgaḷa-nāḍu (<hi rend="italic">which was a district</hi>) of <hi rend="bold">Palakuṉṟa-kōṭṭam</hi>. We deposited for this (<hi rend="italic">purpose</hi>) four <hi rend="italic">kaḻañju</hi> of gold to last as long as the moon and the sun endure, so that, with the interest accruing (<hi rend="italic">from this gold</hi>), the managers of this <hi rend="italic">paḷḷi</hi> shall themselves feed (<hi rend="italic">the devotee</hi>).</p>

</div>

</div>

<p>Digital edition of SII 3.97 by <bibl><ptr target="bib:KrishnaSastri1920_01"/></bibl> converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.</p>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

<bibl/>

</listBibl>

</div>

</body>

</text>

</TEI>