SII 3.90: original edition by H. Krishna Sastri

Alternative title: “X.—INSCRIPTIONS OF THE TIME OF RAJAKESARIVARMAN ADITYA I. No. 90.—ON THE NORTH WALL OF THE CENTRAL SHRINE IN THE JNANAPARAMESVARA TEMPLE AT TIRUMEYJNANAM. No. 321 of 1910.”

Author of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: This inscription is dated in the 2nd year of Rājakēsarivarman and records that the assembly of Nālūr, a brahmadēya of Śēṟṟūr-kūṟṟam, sold for 25 kāśu, the aṅgāḍikkūli, i.e., the market fees of the bazaar street, to the temple of Tirumayāṉam. On palaeographical grounds we may attribute the record to the time of Rājakēsarivarman Āditya I.

Palaeographic description: The puḷḷis are marked throughout.

Language: Tamil (tam) [Tamil (tamil)].

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (Original Edition) (south-indian-inscriptions).

Identifier: DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0090.

File path: SII03/DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0090.xml.

Version: 2026-02-04 18:29 (2394ab9), last modified 2026-02-04 16:50 (916ece2).

Edition

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī [||] ko rājakesariparmma⟨r⟩kku yāṇṭu 2 Āvatu ceṟṟūrkkūṟṟa(ttu)
⟨2⟩ (brahma)deyaM nālūr paṭṭapperumakkaḷuḷḷiṭṭa peruṅkuṟipperumakkaḷo(m)
⟨3⟩ (E)ṅkaḷūr tirumayāṉattu śrīmūlas{t}āṉa ttu mahādevarkku nāṅkaḷ viṟṟukkuṭu-
⟨4⟩ (tta Eṅkaḷū)rkkaṭaitteruvil Aṅkāṭikkūliyāvatu [||] puṟavūrniṉṟu nellum Ari(ci)-
⟨5⟩ (yu)m ma(ṟṟu)m Aḷappaṉa koṭuvantu viṟṟāraik kā(ciṉ) vāy nā(ḻi) koḷḷappeṟuvatā-
⟨6⟩ kavum ma(ṟ)ṟum kiṭantu viṟppaṉa kuvā(l)āl nāḻi koḷḷappe(ṟuva)tākavum niṟuppaṉa ni-
⟨7⟩ ṟaiyāl Oru palaṅ koḷḷappeṟuvatākavum veṟṟilaikkūṭaiyāl Oro paṟṟum
⟨8⟩ kūṭaiyālliraṇṭu pākkum koḷḷappeṟuvatākavum vaṭṭi(yāl) lor(o) vi
⟨9⟩ ttukkoḷḷappeṟuvatākavum [||] Ipparicu Ikkūli (vi)ṟṟukkuṭu(ttu) I(tte)variṭaik koṇṭa
⟨10⟩ kācu 2 10 5 Ikkācirupattañcukkum candrāditya(val koḷ)ḷap(peruva)tāka [||] Itu sabhaiyāyum
⟨11⟩ taṉippuruṣarāyum taṭuttārai panmāheśvarare tā(ṉ veṇṭu) poṉ maṉṟi Iruppit-
⟨12⟩ tum Ikkūli candrādityavaṟ piṭittukkoḷḷap(p)eṟuva(t)āka viṟṟu vilaiśrāvaṇai ceytu
⟨13⟩ kuṭuttom paṭṭap(p)erumakkaḷuḷḷiṭṭa pe(ru)-
⟨14⟩ ṅkuṟipperumakka(ḷo)m [||] Itu (paṉmā)heśvararakṣai [||]

Translation by Krishna Sastri 1920

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 2nd year of (the reign of) king Rājakēsarivarman, we, the great men of the big assembly which included the great bhaṭṭas of Nālūr, a brahmadēya of Śēṟṟūr-kūṟṟam, sold the market-fees (aṅgāḍikkūli) of the bazaar-street in our village to the Mahādēva (i.e., Śiva) of the glorious Mūlasthāna at our village of Tirumayāṉam, thus:—

(L. 4.) From those who bring from outside villages and sell such articles as paddy, rice, etc., (which are sold) by measuring, shall be received (one) nāḻi for each kāśu (realised) and for other articles placed on the ground and sold, (one) nāḻi shall be received on each heap (kuvāl). (For) articles (sold) by weight, one palam shall be received on each weighment (niṟai)¹ . From each basket of betel leaves, shall be received one paṟṟu; and two areca-nuts from each basket (of them). On each vaṭṭi of . . . . . shall be received.

(L. 9.) In this manner was this (market-)fee (kūli) sold over to, and 25 kāśu received from, this god. For this 25 kāśu (given), (the temple) shall receive (the market-fee defined above) till the moon and the sun (last).

(L. 10.) We, the great men of the big assembly including the great bhaṭṭas, sold and executed the sale-deed (vibai-śrāvaṇai) (stipulating that), if either the assembly or any single individual (of the assembly) obstruct this (i.e., the collection), all Māhēśvaras (assembled) shall themselves levy (a fine of) gold as they choose, and even after collecting (it), shall retain possession of this fee as long as the moon and the sun (last). (The assembly of) all Māhēśvaras shall protect this (charity).

Commentary

⟨11⟩ maṉṟi. For the meaning of the verb maṉṟu, see above, page 51, note 4.

Bibliography

Digital edition of SII 3.90 by Krishna Sastri 1920 converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

[SII] Krishna Sastri, H. 1920. South-Indian inscriptions. Volume III: Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil country. Part III: Inscriptions of Aditya I, Parantaka I, Madiraikonda, Rajakesarivarman, Parantaka II, Uttama-Chola, Parthivendravarman and Aditya-Karikala and the Tiruvalangadu plates of Rajendra-Chola I. South Indian Inscriptions 3.3. Madras: Government Press. Pages 222–223, item 90.

Notes

1. Winslow gives 100 palams as the equivalent of one niṟai.

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<title type="alt">X.—INSCRIPTIONS OF THE TIME OF RAJAKESARIVARMAN ADITYA I. No. 90.—ON THE NORTH WALL OF THE CENTRAL SHRINE IN THE JNANAPARAMESVARA TEMPLE AT TIRUMEYJNANAM. No. 321 of 1910.</title>

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<p>This inscription is dated in the 2nd year of <hi rend="bold">Rājakēsarivarman</hi> and records that the assembly of <hi rend="bold">Nālūr</hi>, a <hi rend="italic">brahmadēya</hi> of <hi rend="bold">Śēṟṟūr-kūṟṟam</hi>, sold for 25 <hi rend="italic">kāśu</hi>, the <hi rend="italic">aṅgāḍikkūli, i.e.</hi>, the market fees of the bazaar street, to the temple of <hi rend="bold">Tirumayāṉam</hi>. On palaeographical grounds we may attribute the record to the time of <hi rend="bold">Rājakēsarivarman Āditya</hi> I.</p>

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<lb n="1"/><hi rend="grantha">svasti śrī</hi> <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="ddanda">.</g></supplied> <hi rend="grantha">ko rājakesariparmma</hi><supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>kku yāṇṭu 2 Āvatu ceṟṟūrkkūṟṟa<unclear>ttu</unclear>

<lb n="2"/><hi rend="grantha"><unclear>brahma</unclear>de</hi>ya<hi rend="grantha">M</hi> nālūr paṭṭapperumakkaḷuḷḷiṭṭa peruṅkuṟipperumakkaḷo<unclear>m</unclear>

<lb n="3"/><unclear>E</unclear>ṅkaḷūr tirumayāṉattu <hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>mūla<hi rend="grantha">s<surplus>t</surplus>ā</hi>ṉa ttu <hi rend="grantha">mahāde</hi>varkku nāṅkaḷ viṟṟukkuṭu

<lb n="4" break="no"/><unclear>tta Eṅkaḷū</unclear>rkkaṭaitteruvil Aṅkāṭikkūliyāvatu <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="ddanda">.</g></supplied> puṟavūrniṉṟu nellum Ari<unclear>ci</unclear>

<lb n="5" break="no"/><unclear>yu</unclear>m ma<unclear>ṟṟu</unclear>m Aḷappaṉa koṭuvantu viṟṟāraik kā<unclear>ciṉ</unclear> vāy nā<unclear>ḻi</unclear> koḷḷappeṟuvatā

<lb n="6" break="no"/>kavum ma<unclear>ṟ</unclear>ṟum kiṭantu viṟppaṉa kuvā<unclear>l</unclear>āl nāḻi koḷḷappe<unclear>ṟuva</unclear>tākavum niṟuppaṉa ni

<lb n="7" break="no"/>ṟaiyāl Oru palaṅ koḷḷappeṟuvatākavum veṟṟilaikkūṭaiyāl Oro paṟṟum

<lb n="8"/>kūṭaiyālliraṇṭu pākkum koḷḷappeṟuvatākavum vaṭṭi<unclear>yāl</unclear> lor<unclear>o</unclear> vi

<lb n="9"/>ttukkoḷḷappeṟuvatākavum <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="ddanda">.</g></supplied> Ipparicu Ikkūli <unclear>vi</unclear>ṟṟukkuṭu<unclear>ttu</unclear> I<unclear>tte</unclear>variṭaik koṇṭa

<lb n="10"/>kācu <num value="25">2 <g type="numeral">10</g> 5</num> Ikkācirupattañcukkum <hi rend="grantha">candrāditya</hi><unclear>val koḷ</unclear>ḷap<unclear>peruva</unclear>tāka <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="ddanda">.</g></supplied> Itu <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yāyum

<lb n="11"/>taṉippuru<hi rend="grantha">ṣa</hi>rāyum taṭuttārai pa<hi rend="grantha">nmāheśvara</hi>re tā<unclear>ṉ veṇṭu</unclear> poṉ maṉṟi Iruppit

<lb n="12" break="no"/>tum Ikkūli <hi rend="grantha">candrāditya</hi>vaṟ piṭittukkoḷḷap<unclear>p</unclear>eṟuva<unclear>t</unclear>āka viṟṟu vilai<hi rend="grantha">śrā</hi>vaṇai ceytu

<lb n="13"/>kuṭuttom paṭṭap<unclear>p</unclear>erumakkaḷuḷḷiṭṭa pe<unclear>ru</unclear>

<lb n="14" break="no"/>ṅkuṟipperumakka<unclear>ḷo</unclear>m <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="ddanda">.</g></supplied> Itu <unclear>paṉ<hi rend="grantha">mā</hi></unclear><hi rend="grantha">heśvararakṣai</hi> <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="ddanda">.</g></supplied>

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<p>(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 2nd year of (<hi rend="italic">the reign of</hi>) king <hi rend="bold">Rājakēsarivarman</hi>, we, the great men of the big assembly which included the great <hi rend="italic">bhaṭṭas</hi> of <hi rend="bold">Nālūr</hi>, a <hi rend="italic">brahmadēya</hi> of <hi rend="bold">Śēṟṟūr-kūṟṟam</hi>, sold the market-fees (<hi rend="italic">aṅgāḍikkūli</hi>) of the bazaar-street in our village to the <hi rend="bold">Mahādēva</hi> (<hi rend="italic">i.e., Śiva</hi>) of the glorious <hi rend="bold">Mūlasthāna</hi> at our village of <hi rend="bold">Tirumayāṉam</hi>, thus:—</p>

<p>(L. 4.) From those who bring from outside villages and sell such articles as paddy, rice, <hi rend="italic">etc., (which are sold</hi>) by measuring, shall be received (<hi rend="italic">one) nāḻi</hi> for each <hi rend="italic">kāśu (realised</hi>) and for other articles placed on the ground and sold, (<hi rend="italic">one) nāḻi</hi> shall be received on each heap (<hi rend="italic">kuvāl). (For</hi>) articles (<hi rend="italic">sold</hi>) by weight, one <hi rend="italic">palam</hi> shall be received on each weighment (<hi rend="italic">niṟai)</hi><note>Winslow gives 100 <hi rend="italic">palams</hi> as the equivalent of one <hi rend="italic">niṟai</hi>.</note> . From each basket of betel leaves, shall be received one <hi rend="italic">paṟṟu</hi>; and two areca-nuts from each basket (<hi rend="italic">of them</hi>). On each <hi rend="italic">vaṭṭi</hi> of . . . . . shall be received.</p>

<p>(L. 9.) In this manner was this (<hi rend="italic">market-</hi>)fee (<hi rend="italic">kūli</hi>) sold over to, and 25 <hi rend="italic">kāśu</hi> received from, this god. For this 25 <hi rend="italic">kāśu (given), (the temple</hi>) shall receive (<hi rend="italic">the market-fee defined above</hi>) till the moon and the sun (<hi rend="italic">last</hi>).</p>

<p>(L. 10.) We, the great men of the big assembly including the great <hi rend="italic">bhaṭṭas</hi>, sold and executed the sale-deed (<hi rend="italic">vibai-śrāvaṇai) (stipulating that</hi>), if either the assembly or any single individual (<hi rend="italic">of the assembly</hi>) obstruct this (<hi rend="italic">i.e., the collection</hi>), all <hi rend="italic">Māhēśvaras (assembled</hi>) shall themselves levy (<hi rend="italic">a fine of</hi>) gold as they choose, and even after collecting (<hi rend="italic">it</hi>), shall retain possession of this fee as long as the moon and the sun (<hi rend="italic">last). (The assembly of</hi>) all <hi rend="italic">Māhēśvaras</hi> shall protect this (<hi rend="italic">charity</hi>).</p>

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<p n="11"><foreign>maṉṟi</foreign>. For the meaning of the verb <foreign><hi rend="italic">maṉṟu</hi></foreign>, see above, page 51, note 4.</p>

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<p>Digital edition of SII 3.90 by <bibl><ptr target="bib:KrishnaSastri1920_01"/></bibl> converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.</p>

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