SII 3.56: original edition by Eugen Julius Theodor Hultzsch

Alternative title: “No. 56.—ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE MAHAMANDAPA IN THE BILVANATHESVARA TEMPLE.”

Author of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: This inscription is incomplete. Of the five lines which are preserved I am publishing only the two first ones. It is dated in the 2nd year of the reign of Rājakēsarivarman, alias Rājamahēndradēva, and records that a military officer purchased 800 kuḻi (l. 4) of land from the inhabitants of Tiruvallam and granted them to the temple.

On page 32 above it has been stated that the Kaliṅgattu-Paraṇi and Vikkirama-Śōḻaṉ-Ulā mention two Chōḷa kings who have not yet been identified. The first of them reigned between Rājēndra and Vīrarājēndra I., and the second between Vīrarājēndra I. and Kulōttuṅga-Chōḷa I. In the introductory remarks to No. 57 it will be shown that the second king is identical with Parakēsarivarman, alias Adhirājēndradēva. Hence the only king who remains to be identified is the successor of Rājēndra and predecessor of Vīrarājēndra I. He may be identified provisionally with Rājakēsarivarman, alias Rājamahēndradēva, to whose 2nd year the subjoined inscription belongs. In favour of this identification it may be mentioned that the subjoined inscription praises him for guiding the goddess of the earth on the path of Manu, while the Kaliṅgattu-Paraṇi (viii. 28) speaks of “the Chōḷa who dispensed justice three or four times better than the ancient Manu,”¹ and that an inscription of the 9th year of Rājēndra mentions among the boundaries of a village “the road of Rājamahēndra.”² Perhaps Rājamahēndra was the co-regent of Rājēndra.

Language: Tamil (tam).

Version: 2025-09-30 18:28 (7b9d724), last modified 2025-09-22 17:29 (666af3b).

Edition

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī [||] tirumakaḷ (vi)ḷaṅkavirunila(ma)ṭa(ntai)yai O(ru)kuṭai ni(ḻa)ṟkiḻ¿i?¿n?it¿i? niṟpa (pu)ṇarntu ta(ru)maneṟi niṟppa (ma)ṉun(e)ṟi (ṉa)ṭāttiya (k)ovirājakecarivanmarāna Uṭaiyār śrīrājamahentra(d)e(va)rkku yāṇṭu 2 Āvatu jayaṅ(ko)ṇṭacoḻamaṇ(ṭa)la(t)tuppe(ru)mpā(ṇa)ppāṭikkaraivaḻittiruvallattu sa(bh)aiy(o)m nilavi(lai)yāvaṇa(k)kaiyye(ḻu)ttu [|] (Aru)m(o)ḻitevavaḷanāṭṭu Iṅ(ka)ṇāṭṭu Iṅka(ṇūru)ṭaiyān caṅkaraṉ kaṇṭa-

⟨2⟩ rāti(t)tanārāṉa senāpati(ka)ḷ rājarājaccoḻiyavaraiyar pakkal nāṅkaḷ koṇṭa A(ṉ)ṟāṭu naṟkācu Aṟupattu nālināṟkāconṟukkukkuṭinaṟkal niṟai ce(m)mai pon E(ḻu)mañcāṭiyāka van=ta pon Irupa(t)tirukaḻañce Eṭṭu mañcāṭiyu(m Eṅ)ka(ḷū)rttiruvalla(mu)ṭaiya (ma)hādevarātidāsan caṇḍe(śva)radevar pak=kal Ippo(n) Irupattirukaḻañce Eṭṭu ma(ñ)cāṭiyuṅkoṇṭu (nā)ṅkaḷ (viṟ)kiṟa bhūmi rājen=tira-

⟨3⟩ coḻapp(e)reri k¿i?ḻ koṭacceṟuvukkukk¿i?ḻpāṟk(e)llai [********]

Translation by Hultzsch 1899

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 2nd year (of the reign) of king Rājakēsarivarman, alias the lord Śrī-Rājamahēndradēva, who, while the goddess of fortune was resplendent, wedded the great goddess of the earth, in order that (she) might abide joyfully under the shade of a single parasol, and who caused (her) to walk (in) the path of Manu, in order that (she) might abide (in) the way of righteousness. The hand-writing, (referring to) a deed of sale of land, of us, the assembly of Tiruvallam in Karaivaḻi, (a subdivision) of Perumbāṇappāḍi, (a district) of Jayaṅkoṇḍa-Śōḻa-maṇḍalam. We have received sixty-four kāśu, (which were) good (i.e. of full weight) (and) current at the time, from Śaṁkaraṉ Kaṇḍarādittaṉār, alias the Sēnāpati Rājarāja-Śōḻiyavaraiyar, the lord of Iṅga(ṇūr) in Iṅgaṇāḍu, (a district) of Arumoḻidēva-vaḷanāḍu. At the rate of seven mañjāḍi of pure gold, weighed by the true standard of the city,³ for each kāśu, (this amount) is equal to twenty-two kaḻañju and eight mañjāḍi of gold. Having received these twenty-two kaḻañju and eight mañjāḍi of gold from Chaṇḍēśvaradēva, the first servant of (the god) Mahādēva (of the temple) of Tiruvallam in our city, we sold (the following) land.

(L. 2.) (The field called) Kōḍachcheṟuvu below the large tank of Rājēndra-Chōḷa. The eastern boundary of (this field is) etc.

Bibliography

Digital edition of SII 3.56 by Hultzsch 1899 converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

[SII] Hultzsch, Eugen Julius Theodor. 1899. South-Indian inscriptions. Volume III: Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil country. Part I: Inscriptions at Ukkal, Melpadi, Karuvur, Manimangalam and Tiruvallam. South Indian Inscriptions 3.1. Madras: Government Press. Pages 113–114, item 56.

Notes

1. Ind. Ant. Vol. XIX. p. 331.
2. See p. 41 above.
3. See Ep. Ind. Vol. V. p. 106, note 1.

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<title>SII 3.56: original edition by Eugen Julius Theodor Hultzsch</title>

<title type="alt">No. 56.—ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE MAHAMANDAPA IN THE BILVANATHESVARA TEMPLE.</title>

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<p>This inscription is incomplete. Of the five lines which are preserved I am publishing only the two first ones. It is dated in the 2nd year of the reign of <hi rend="bold">Rājakēsarivarman</hi>, <hi rend="italic">alias</hi> <hi rend="bold">Rājamahēndradēva</hi>, and records that a military officer purchased 800 <hi rend="italic">kuḻi</hi> (l. 4) of land from the inhabitants of <hi rend="bold">Tiruvallam</hi> and granted them to the temple.</p>

<p>On page 32 above it has been stated that the <hi rend="italic">Kaliṅgattu-Paraṇi</hi> and <hi rend="italic">Vikkirama-Śōḻaṉ-Ulā</hi> mention two <hi rend="bold">Chōḷa</hi> kings who have not yet been identified. The first of them reigned between Rājēndra and Vīrarājēndra I., and the second between Vīrarājēndra I. and Kulōttuṅga-Chōḷa I. In the introductory remarks to No. 57 it will be shown that the second king is identical with Parakēsarivarman, <hi rend="italic">alias</hi> Adhirājēndradēva. Hence the only king who remains to be identified is the successor of <hi rend="bold">Rājēndra</hi> and predecessor of <hi rend="bold">Vīrarājēndra</hi> I. He may be identified provisionally with Rājakēsarivarman, <hi rend="italic">alias</hi> Rājamahēndradēva, to whose 2nd year the subjoined inscription belongs. In favour of this identification it may be mentioned that the subjoined inscription praises him for guiding the goddess of the earth on the path of <hi rend="bold">Manu</hi>, while the <hi rend="italic">Kaliṅgattu-Paraṇi</hi> (viii. 28) speaks of “the <hi rend="bold">Chōḷa</hi> who dispensed justice three or four times better than the ancient <hi rend="bold">Manu</hi>,”<note><hi rend="italic">Ind. Ant</hi>. Vol. XIX. p. 331.</note> and that an inscription of the 9th year of <hi rend="bold">Rājēndra</hi> mentions among the boundaries of a village “the road of <hi rend="bold">Rājamahēndra</hi>.”<note>See p. 41 above.</note> Perhaps Rājamahēndra was the co-regent of Rājēndra.</p>

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<p>(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 2nd year (<hi rend="italic">of the reign</hi>) of king <hi rend="bold">Rājakēsarivarman</hi>, <hi rend="italic">alias</hi> the lord <hi rend="bold">Śrī-Rājamahēndradēva</hi>, who, while the goddess of fortune was resplendent, wedded the great goddess of the earth, in order that (<hi rend="italic">she</hi>) might abide joyfully under the shade of a single parasol, and who caused (<hi rend="italic">her</hi>) to walk (<hi rend="italic">in</hi>) the path of <hi rend="bold">Manu</hi>, in order that (<hi rend="italic">she</hi>) might abide (<hi rend="italic">in</hi>) the way of righteousness. The hand-writing, (<hi rend="italic">referring to</hi>) a deed of sale of land, of us, the assembly of <hi rend="bold">Tiruvallam</hi> in <hi rend="bold">Karaivaḻi</hi>, (<hi rend="italic">a subdivision</hi>) of <hi rend="bold">Perumbāṇappāḍi</hi>, (<hi rend="italic">a district</hi>) of <hi rend="bold">Jayaṅkoṇḍa-Śōḻa-maṇḍalam</hi>. We have received sixty-four <hi rend="italic">kāśu</hi>, (which were) good (<hi rend="italic">i.e.</hi> of full weight) (<hi rend="italic">and</hi>) current at the time, from <hi rend="bold">Śaṁkaraṉ Kaṇḍarādittaṉār</hi>, <hi rend="italic">alias</hi> the <hi rend="italic">Sēnāpati</hi> <hi rend="bold">Rājarāja-Śōḻiyavaraiyar</hi>, the lord of <hi rend="bold">Iṅga<unclear>ṇūr</unclear></hi> in <hi rend="bold">Iṅgaṇāḍu</hi>, (<hi rend="italic">a district</hi>) of <hi rend="bold">Arumoḻidēva-vaḷanāḍu</hi>. At the rate of seven <hi rend="italic">mañjāḍi</hi> of pure gold, weighed by the true standard of the city,<note>See <hi rend="italic">Ep. Ind</hi>. Vol. V. p. 106, note 1.</note> for each <hi rend="italic">kāśu</hi>, (this amount) is equal to twenty-two <hi rend="italic">kaḻañju</hi> and eight <hi rend="italic">mañjāḍi</hi> of gold. Having received these twenty-two <hi rend="italic">kaḻañju</hi> and eight <hi rend="italic">mañjāḍi</hi> of gold from <hi rend="bold">Chaṇḍēśvaradēva</hi>, the first servant of (<hi rend="italic">the god</hi>) <hi rend="bold">Mahādēva</hi> (<hi rend="italic">of the temple</hi>) of <hi rend="bold">Tiruvallam</hi> in our city, we sold (<hi rend="italic">the following</hi>) land.</p>

<p>(L. 2.) (The field called) <hi rend="italic">Kōḍachcheṟuvu</hi> below the large tank of <hi rend="bold">Rājēndra-Chōḷa</hi>. The eastern boundary of (<hi rend="italic">this field is</hi>) etc.</p>

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