SII 3.48: original edition by Eugen Julius Theodor Hultzsch

Alternative title: “No. 48.—ON THE WEST WALL OF THE BILVANATHESVARA SHRINE.”

Author of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: As stated in the introductory remarks to No. 47, the subjoined inscription was copied from an earlier stone inscription when the central shrine of the temple was pulled down. It records the gift of a lamp by the same queen as No. 47, who was the consort of the Bāṇa king Vāṇavidyādhara and the daughter of Pratipati-Araiyar (i.e. the Western Gaṅga king Pṛithivīpati I.), the son of Śivamahārāja. From the subjoined inscription we learn that her actual name was Kundavvai.¹

Language: Tamil (tam).

Version: 2025-09-30 18:28 (7b9d724), last modified 2025-09-19 14:49 (34cc984).

Edition

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī [||] sakalajaga⟨t⟩trayā¿d?iva-
⟨2⟩ ¿n=t?itasurāsurādhīśaparameśvarapratihār¿i?¿ka?mahā¿va?likulo⟨d⟩bhavavāṇavidyādha⟨ra⟩rājarāṉa vāṇarāya¿ra? goguṉidha⟨r⟩mmaparamadha⟨r⟩mmamahārājanipuṇilapuraparameśvararāṉa śrīnāradhaśrī{ri}manaśivamahārājapperumāṉaṭikaḷ makaṉār pratipati Araiyar makaḷār kundavv¿a?-
⟨3⟩ yārāṉa vāṇamahādeviyār pak=kaltt¿ik=k?ālivallattu sabhaiyom nālppatiṉ kaḻañcu cempoṉ koṇṭu tiruttīk=kālipperumāṉaṭikaḷu(k=ku) nicatam Uriy naṟuneyyum kālk=kaṟppūramumi{I}ṭṭu Orunondāviḷak=ku candrādi¿t=ta?val Erippomāṉom sabhaiyom [|]
⟨4⟩ Iddha⟨r⟩mmamuṭṭiṉa poḻutu panmāheśvararey nicati Ai(ṅ)kaḻañcu poṉ dha⟨r⟩mmāsanattey maṉṟa Oṭṭik=kuṭuttom sabhaiyom [|] I⟨t⟩daṇḍappaṭṭumittiruviḷakku muṭṭāmai Erippomānomitaṟkkaṉṟeṉṟār geṅgaiyiṭaik=kumariyiṭaicceytār ceyta pāvaṅkoḷvo⟨mā⟩no-
⟨5⟩ m [|] Iddha⟨r⟩mmam panmāheśvararakṣai [|] Iddha⟨r⟩mmam rakṣittāraṭiyeṉ muṭi melaṉa ||௳ Ikkaṟpūraviḷakkum no(n=t)āviḷakkumivviraṇṭukkumāka Ūr mañcikkamiṟai Iḻicci vaitta nilam pāṟkuṭṭai <nilam> 4 100 kuḻiyum paḻaveri k¿i?ḻ 7 (100) 2 10 kuḻiyum noṇiṭukoḷḷi 2 nilamum ku-
⟨6⟩ ṭuttom sabhaiyom ||௳ Ivviraṇṭu viḷakkiṉukkum vaitta bhūmi deva¿gh?ātamātalil Eṇṇaiviḷakkeyerivatāka vaittom sabhaiyom [||]

Apparatus

⟨2⟩ °goguṉidha⟨r⟩mma° • Read koṅguṇivarma. — ⟨2⟩ śrīnāradhaśrī{ri}manaśiva° • Read śrīnāthaśrīmacchiva. — ⟨2⟩ makaṉār • Here and in erippomāṉom (l. 3) the syllable ṉā is expressed by two separate symbols; compare above, p. 90 and note 5.

⟨5⟩ <nilam> • This is the abbreviation for nilam; see above, p. 97, note 3.

Translation by Hultzsch 1899

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! We, the assembly of Tīkkāli-Vallam, have received forty kaḻañju of pure gold from Kundavv[ai]yār, alias Vāṇamahādēvī,—the daughter of Pratipati-Araiyar, the son of [K]o[ṅ]gu[ṇ]i[va]rman, the very righteous Mahārāja, the supreme lord of Nipuṇilapura,² alias Śrīnātha, the glorious Śivamahārāja-Perumāṉaḍigaḷ, (and the queen of) Vāṇavidyādha[ra]rāja, alias Vāṇarāya, born from the family of Mahābali, who had been made door-keeper by the lord of gods and demons, Paramēśvara (Śiva), who is worshipped in all the three worlds.

(L. 3.) (In return), we, the assembly, shall have to burn, as long as the moon and the sun exist, one perpetual lamp before (the god) Tiruttīkkāli-Perumāṉaḍigaḷ, supplying daily (one) uri of fresh ghee and a quarter of camphor.

(L. 4.) We, the assembly, have agreed that, whenever (they) fail in this charity, all the Māhēśvaras (among us) shall pay into court a fine of five kaḻañju of gold per day. Though fined thus, we shall have to burn this sacred lamp without fail. Those among us, who say that this (charity) is not (existing), shall incur (all) the sins committed between the Gaṅgā and Kumari.

(L. 5.) “This charity (is placed under) the protection of all Māhēśvaras. The feet of those who protect this charity, (shall be) on my head.”

We, the assembly, gave (the following) land in the environs³ of the village, which (the queen) had granted, free of taxes, for this camphor lamp and the perpetual lamp⁴ :—(one) nilam⁵ and 400 kuḻi (called) Pāṟkuṭṭai, 720 kuḻi below the old tank (Paḻavēri), and 2 nilam (called) Noṇiḍukoḷḷi.

(L. 6.) As the land granted for these two lamps had become torn up by the weather,⁶ we, the assembly, assigned only an oil lamp for burning.

Bibliography

Digital edition of SII 3.48 by Hultzsch 1899 converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

[SII] Hultzsch, Eugen Julius Theodor. 1899. South-Indian inscriptions. Volume III: Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil country. Part I: Inscriptions at Ukkal, Melpadi, Karuvur, Manimangalam and Tiruvallam. South Indian Inscriptions 3.1. Madras: Government Press. Pages 100–101, item 48.

Notes

1. On three Chōḷa queens of the same name see Ep. Ind. Vol. V. p. 105, note 5.
2. This is a mistake of the copyist for Kuvaḷālapura; see p. 99 above.
3. See above, p. 97, note 5.
4. In line 3 of the text only one lamp is spoken of, to which both ghee and camphor had to be supplied.
5. See above, p. 97, note 6.
6. Literally, ‘dug up by god.’

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<title>SII 3.48: original edition by Eugen Julius Theodor Hultzsch</title>

<title type="alt">No. 48.—ON THE WEST WALL OF THE BILVANATHESVARA SHRINE.</title>

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<p>As stated in the introductory remarks to No. <ref target="DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0047">47</ref>, the subjoined inscription was copied from an earlier stone inscription when the central shrine of the temple was pulled down. It records the gift of a lamp by the same queen as No. <ref target="DHARMA_INSSIIv03p0i0047">47</ref>, who was the consort of the <hi rend="bold">Bāṇa</hi> king <hi rend="bold">Vāṇavidyādhara</hi> and the daughter of Pratipati-Araiyar (<hi rend="italic">i.e.</hi> the Western <hi rend="bold">Gaṅga</hi> king <hi rend="bold">Pṛithivīpati</hi> I.), the son of <hi rend="bold">Śivamahārāja</hi>. From the subjoined inscription we learn that her actual name was <hi rend="bold">Kundavvai</hi>.<note>On three Chōḷa queens of the same name see <hi rend="italic">Ep. Ind</hi>. Vol. V. p. 105, note 5.</note></p>

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<lb n="1"/><hi rend="grantha">svasti śrī</hi> <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="ddanda">.</g></supplied> <hi rend="grantha">sakalajaga<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied></hi>t<hi rend="grantha">ra</hi>yā<hi rend="grantha"><choice><sic>d</sic><corr>bh</corr></choice>i</hi>va<hi rend="grantha"/>

<lb n="2" break="no"/><choice><sic>n=t</sic><corr><hi rend="grantha">nd</hi></corr></choice>ita<hi rend="grantha">surāsurādhīśaparameśvarapra</hi>ti<hi rend="grantha">hār<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice><choice><sic>ka</sic><corr><hi rend="grantha">kṛ</hi>ta</corr></choice>mahā</hi><choice><sic>va</sic><corr><hi rend="grantha">ba</hi></corr></choice><hi rend="grantha">likulo<supplied reason="omitted">d</supplied>bha</hi>vavāṇavi<hi rend="grantha">dyādha<supplied reason="omitted">ra</supplied>rājarā</hi>ṉa vāṇa<hi rend="grantha">rā</hi>ya<choice><sic><hi rend="grantha">ra</hi></sic><corr>r</corr></choice> <hi rend="grantha">gogu</hi>ṉi<hi rend="grantha">dha<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>mmaparamadha<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>mmamahārāja</hi>ni<hi rend="grantha">pu</hi>ṇi<hi rend="grantha">lapuraparameśvararā</hi>ṉa <hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>nā<hi rend="grantha">radhaśrī<surplus>ri</surplus>ma</hi>na<hi rend="grantha">śi</hi>va<hi rend="grantha">mahārāja</hi>pperumāṉaṭikaḷ makaṉār <hi rend="grantha">pra</hi>ti<hi rend="grantha">pa</hi>ti Araiyar makaḷār ku<hi rend="grantha">nda</hi>vv<choice><sic>a</sic><corr>ai</corr></choice>

<lb n="3" break="no"/>yārāṉa vāṇa<hi rend="grantha">mahāde</hi>viyār pak=kaltt<choice><sic>ik=k</sic><corr>īkk</corr></choice>ālivallattu <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yom nālppatiṉ kaḻañcu cempoṉ koṇṭu tiruttīk=kālipperumāṉaṭikaḷu<unclear>k=ku</unclear> nicatam Uriy naṟuneyyum kālk=kaṟppūramumi<surplus>I</surplus>ṭṭu Oruno<hi rend="grantha">ndā</hi>viḷak=ku <hi rend="grantha">candrādi</hi><choice><sic>t=ta</sic><corr><hi rend="grantha">tya</hi></corr></choice>val Erippomāṉom <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yom <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied>

<lb n="4"/>I<hi rend="grantha">ddha<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>mma</hi>muṭṭiṉa poḻutu <hi rend="grantha">panmāheśvara</hi>rey nicati Ai<unclear>ṅ</unclear>kaḻañcu poṉ <hi rend="grantha">dha<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>mmāsa</hi>nattey maṉṟa Oṭṭik=kuṭuttom <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yom <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> I<supplied reason="omitted">t</supplied><hi rend="grantha">daṇḍa</hi>ppaṭṭumittiruviḷakku muṭṭām<hi rend="grantha">ai</hi> Erippomānomitaṟkkaṉṟeṉṟār <hi rend="grantha">ge</hi>ṅ<hi rend="grantha">gai</hi>yiṭ<hi rend="grantha">ai</hi>k=kumariyiṭ<hi rend="grantha">ai</hi>cceytār ceyta pāvaṅkoḷvo<supplied reason="omitted">mā</supplied>no

<lb n="5" break="no"/>m <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> I<hi rend="grantha">ddha<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>mma</hi>m <hi rend="grantha">panmāheśvararakṣai</hi> <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> I<hi rend="grantha">ddha<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>mma</hi>m <hi rend="grantha">rakṣi</hi>ttāraṭiyeṉ muṭi melaṉa <g type="ddanda">.</g><g type="pc">.</g> Ikkaṟpūraviḷakkum no<unclear>n=t</unclear>āviḷakkumivviraṇṭukkumāka Ūr mañcikkamiṟai Iḻicci vaitta nilam pāṟkuṭṭai <g type="nilam"/> <num value="400">4 <g type="numeral">100</g></num> kuḻiyum paḻaveri k<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>ī</corr></choice>ḻ <num value="720">7 <unclear><g type="numeral">100</g></unclear> 2 <g type="numeral">10</g></num> kuḻiyum noṇiṭukoḷḷi 2 nilamum ku

<lb n="6" break="no"/>ṭuttom <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yom <g type="ddanda">.</g><g type="pc">.</g> Ivviraṇṭu viḷakkiṉukkum vaitta <hi rend="grantha">bhūmi</hi> <hi rend="grantha">de</hi>va<hi rend="grantha"><choice><sic>gh</sic><corr>kh</corr></choice>ā</hi>ta<hi rend="grantha">mā</hi>talil Eṇṇaiviḷakkeyerivatāka vaittom <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yom <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="ddanda">.</g></supplied>

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<note>Read <foreign><hi rend="grantha">koṅgu</hi>ṇiva<hi rend="grantha">rma</hi></foreign>.</note>

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<lem><hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>nā<hi rend="grantha">radhaśrī<surplus>ri</surplus>ma</hi>na<hi rend="grantha">śi</hi>va°</lem>

<note>Read <foreign><hi rend="grantha">śrī</hi>nā<hi rend="grantha">thaśrīmacchi</hi>va</foreign>.</note>

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<lem>makaṉār</lem>

<note>Here and in <foreign>erippomāṉom</foreign> (l. 3) the syllable <foreign>ṉā</foreign> is expressed by two separate symbols; compare above, p. 90 and note 5.</note>

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<note>This is the abbreviation for <foreign>nilam</foreign>; see above, p. 97, note 3.</note>

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<p>(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! We, the assembly of <hi rend="bold">Tīkkāli-Vallam</hi>, have received forty <hi rend="italic">kaḻañju</hi> of pure gold from <hi rend="bold">Kundavv[ai]yār</hi>, <hi rend="italic">alias</hi> <hi rend="bold">Vāṇamahādēvī</hi>,—the daughter of <hi rend="bold">Pratipati-Araiyar</hi>, the son of <hi rend="bold">[K]o[ṅ]gu[ṇ]i[va]rman</hi>, the very righteous <hi rend="italic">Mahārāja</hi>, the supreme lord of <hi rend="bold">Nipuṇilapura</hi>,<note>This is a mistake of the copyist for Kuvaḷālapura; see p. 99 above.</note> <hi rend="italic">alias</hi> <hi rend="bold">Śrīnātha</hi>, the glorious <hi rend="bold">Śivamahārāja-Perumāṉaḍigaḷ</hi>, (<hi rend="italic">and the queen of</hi>) <hi rend="bold">Vāṇavidyādha[ra]rāja</hi>, <hi rend="italic">alias</hi> <hi rend="bold">Vāṇarāya</hi>, born from the family of <hi rend="bold">Mahābali</hi>, who had been made door-keeper by the lord of gods and demons, Paramēśvara (Śiva), who is worshipped in all the three worlds.</p>

<p>(L. 3.) (<hi rend="italic">In return</hi>), we, the assembly, shall have to burn, as long as the moon and the sun exist, one perpetual lamp before (<hi rend="italic">the god</hi>) <hi rend="bold">Tiruttīkkāli-Perumāṉaḍigaḷ</hi>, supplying daily (one) <hi rend="italic">uri</hi> of fresh ghee and a quarter of camphor.</p>

<p>(L. 4.) We, the assembly, have agreed that, whenever (<hi rend="italic">they</hi>) fail in this charity, all the <hi rend="italic">Māhēśvaras</hi> (among us) shall pay into court a fine of five <hi rend="italic">kaḻañju</hi> of gold per day. Though fined thus, we shall have to burn this sacred lamp without fail. Those among us, who say that this (<hi rend="italic">charity</hi>) is not (<hi rend="italic">existing</hi>), shall incur (<hi rend="italic">all</hi>) the sins committed between the <hi rend="bold">Gaṅgā</hi> and <hi rend="bold">Kumari</hi>.</p>

<p>(L. 5.) “This charity (<hi rend="italic">is placed under</hi>) the protection of all <hi rend="italic">Māhēśvaras</hi>. The feet of those who protect this charity, (<hi rend="italic">shall be</hi>) on my head.”</p>

<p>We, the assembly, gave (<hi rend="italic">the following</hi>) land in the environs<note>See above, p. 97, note 5.</note> of the village, which (<hi rend="italic">the queen</hi>) had granted, free of taxes, for this camphor lamp and the perpetual lamp<note>In line 3 of the text only one lamp is spoken of, to which both ghee and camphor had to be supplied.</note> :—(one) <hi rend="italic">nilam</hi><note>See above, p. 97, note 6.</note> and 400 <hi rend="italic">kuḻi</hi> (called) <hi rend="italic">Pāṟkuṭṭai</hi>, 720 <hi rend="italic">kuḻi</hi> below the old tank (<hi rend="italic">Paḻavēri</hi>), and 2 <hi rend="italic">nilam</hi> (called) <hi rend="italic">Noṇiḍukoḷḷi</hi>.</p>

<p>(L. 6.) As the land granted for these two lamps had become torn up by the weather,<note>Literally, ‘dug up by god.’</note> we, the assembly, assigned only an oil lamp for burning.</p>

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<p>Digital edition of SII 3.48 by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1899_01"/></bibl> converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.</p>

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