SII 2.71: original edition by Eugen Julius Theodor Hultzsch

Alternative title: “No. 71. ON THE EAST WALL OF THE CENTRAL SHRINE.”

Author of digital edition: Emmanuel Francis (emfr).

Summary: The beginning of the first five lines of this inscription is hidden by a flight of steps, which has been constructed in front of the shrine after the time when the inscription was engraved. The record is dated in the cyclic year Kshaya which was current after the expiration of the Śaka year 1368 (A.D. 1446-47), and during the reign of Dēvar[āya II.] (of Vijayanagara). It describes a few gold and silver ornaments which were presented to the temple by a certain Vallabhadēva. This person was probably a military officer of Dēvarāya, as he professes to have made the gift with the object of effecting in return the conquest of the world.

While, in the Chōḷa inscriptions of the Tanjore temple, the weight of ornaments is given in kaṛañju, mañjāḍi and kuṉṟi, the subjoined inscription employs for this purpose the tūkkam of ten paṇa-iḍai. From the table of weights, which is contained in Sir Walter Elliot’s Coins of Southern India, p. 47, and which is based on a Malayāḷam work entitled Kaṇakkusāram, it appears that the tūkkam and paṇa-iḍai of the subjoined inscription must be identical with the kaṛañju and paṇattūkkam (= 2 mañjāḍi) of the metrical system. Although the paṇa-iḍai or paṇattūkkam (=1/10 kaṛañju) is not mentioned in the Tanjore inscriptions of the Chōḷas, it is there presupposed by the fact that the Tamil term mā (1/20) is used to denote ‘one tenth whenever it follows the word mañjāḍi (= 1/2 paṇa-iḍai or paṇattūkkam).¹

Language: Tamil (tam).

Version: 2025-09-08 19:01 (3992bd7), last modified 2025-07-03 14:51 (0ec4724).

Edition

⟨1⟩ [**********] (yarā)ya(vi)pāṭaN (bhāṣai)kku tappu(va r)āyar·(ka)ṇṭaṉ muvva(r)āyar· kaṇṭa(ṉ) ka(ṇ)ṭa nāṭu ke-
⟨2⟩ [**********] [.]ā(ṉ) pūrvvadakṣiṇapaścimaUttaracatusamudrādhipati gajaveṭṭai kaṇṭaruḷiya devar(ā)-
⟨3⟩ [**********] (pṛ)dhivirājyaM paṇṇi Aruḷāniṉṟa cakābdaM 1000 3 100 6 10 8 Itaṉ mel cellāniṉṟa kṣayasaṁvaT-
⟨4⟩ [**********] Āyanapuṇyakālattu pūrvvapakṣattu pañcamiyum budhavāramum peṟṟa pūrvvapalguninakṣatrattu tañcāvū(r)
⟨5⟩ [**********] g¿e?trattu Ā¿śśi?lāyanasūtrattu śauṇḍarasar· putraN vallabhadevar· _________ di¿T?vija-
⟨6⟩ yamāka veṇum Eṉṟu koṭutta periya paṭṭam Oṉṟu Eṭṭarai māṟi po(ṉ) tūkkam Oṉṟukku paṇaiṭai pa(t)tāka tūkkam Irupatu [|] paṭṭam
⟨7⟩ Oṉṟu Eṭṭu māṟi tūkkam patiṉeḻu paṇa(I)ṭai Eṭṭu [|] paṭṭam Oṉṟu Eṭṭu māṟi tūkkam Āṟu paṇaIṭai Iraṇṭu [|] paṭṭaikkāṟai Oṉṟu Eṭṭu
⟨8⟩ māṟi tūkkam Iraṇṭu [|] cantupaṭṭaikkāṟai Iraṇṭu Eṭṭarai māṟi tūkkam mūṉṟu [|] mūkkutti niṟai paṇaIṭai Iraṇṭu [|] tirukkaṇmalar Iraṇṭu
⟨9⟩ Oṉpatu māṟi tūkkam Oṉṟu [|] patakkam Oṉṟu Eṭṭu māṟi tūkkam nālu [|] kṣetrapālaṉukku veḷḷi paṭṭam Oṉṟu tūkkam Oṉṟu paṇaIṭai [|]

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ (yarā)ya(vi)pāṭaN • Read ari{ya}rāya, as in Vol. I, No. 81, text line 2. — ⟨1⟩ kaṇṭa(ṉ) ka(ṇ)ṭa nāṭu ke⟨2⟩[10+] [.]ā(ṉ) • Read kaṇṭa nāṭu koṇṭu koṇṭa nāṭu kuṭātāṉ, as in Vol. I, No. 81, text line 5 f.

⟨2⟩ pūrvvadakṣiṇapaścimaUttaracatusamudrā° • Read paścimottaracatussamudrā°.

⟨5⟩ vallabhadevar· • After this word is a blank space which might have contained about nine syllables.

Translation by Hultzsch 1895

(On the day) of the nakshatra Pūrva-Phalgunī, which corresponded to a Wednesday and to the fifth tithi of the first fortnight, at the auspicious time of² . . . . . . . . . . in the Kshaya saṁvat[sara] which was current after the Śaka year 1368, while . . . . . . . . . . the destroyer of [hostile] kings, the disgracer³ of those kings who break their word, the disgracer of the three kings (of the South), he [who takes] every country which he sees, [but never gives back a country which he has taken], the lord of the four oceans, (viz.) the eastern, southern, western and northern (oceans), who was pleased to witness the elephant hunt,⁴ Dēvar[āya] . . . . . was graciously ruling the earth, —Vallabhadēvar, the son of Śauṇḍarasar of the . . . . . gōtra (and) of the Āśvalāyana-sūtra, gave [to the god at] Tañjāvūr (the following presents), with the desire to accomplish the conquest of the world (dig-vijaya):—One large diadem (paṭṭa), (containing) twenty tūkkam of gold of eight and a half (degrees) fineness,⁵—at the rate of ten paṇa-iḍai to one tūkkam; one diadem, (containing) seventeen tūkkam and eight paṇa-iḍai (of gold) of eight (degrees) fineness; one diadem, (containing) six tūkkam and two paṇa-iḍai (of gold) of eight (degrees) fineness; one neck-ring (paṭṭaikkāṟai), (containing) two tūkkam (of gold) of eight (degrees) fineness; two joined neck-rings, (containing) three tūkkam (of gold) of eight and a half (degrees) fineness; (one) nose-ornament (mūkkutti), weighing two paṇa-iḍai; two eyes for the idol (tirukkaṇmalar), (containing) one tūkkam (of gold) of nine (degrees) fineness; one breastornament (padakkam), (containing) four tūkkam (of gold) of eight (degrees) fineness. To (the god) Kshētrapāla⁶ (he gave) one silver diadem, (weighing) one tūkkam and (one) paṇa-iḍai.

Bibliography

Digital edition of SII 2.71 by Hultzsch 1895 converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.

Primary

[SII] Hultzsch, Eugen Julius Theodor. 1895. South-Indian inscriptions: Tamil inscriptions of Rajaraja, Rajendra-chola, and others in the Rajarajesvara temple at Tanjavur. Volume II, Part III: Supplement to the first and second volumes. South Indian Inscriptions 2.3. Madras: Government Press. Pages 338–340, item 71.

Notes

1. Compare page 36, note 1, and page 66, note 1.
2. The syllables āyana which are preserved before puṇyakālattu, show that either Uttarāyaṇa or Dakshiṇāyana has to be supplied.
3. See Ep. Ind., Vol. III, p. 40, note 3.
4. This biruda appears to imply that khēdā operations were carried on in the time of the Vijayanagara kings.
5. Māṟi appears to be synonymous with māṟṟu, which occurs in the inscriptions No. 3 and No. 59.
6. The same deity is referred to in No. 1, paragraph 33, and No. 43, paragraph 2.

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<title>SII 2.71: original edition by Eugen Julius Theodor Hultzsch</title>

<title type="alt">No. 71. ON THE EAST WALL OF THE CENTRAL SHRINE.</title>

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<p>The beginning of the first five lines of this inscription is hidden by a flight of steps, which has been constructed in front of the shrine after the time when the inscription was engraved. The record is dated in the cyclic year <hi rend="bold">Kshaya</hi> which was current after the expiration of the <hi rend="bold">Śaka</hi> year 1368 (A.D. 1446-47), and during the reign of <hi rend="bold">Dēvar</hi>[<hi rend="bold">āya</hi> II.] (of <hi rend="bold">Vijayanagara</hi>). It describes a few gold and silver ornaments which were presented to the temple by a certain <hi rend="bold">Vallabhadēva</hi>. This person was probably a military officer of Dēvarāya, as he professes to have made the gift with the object of effecting in return the conquest of the world.</p>

<p>While, in the Chōḷa inscriptions of the Tanjore temple, the weight of ornaments is given in <hi rend="italic">kaṛañju, mañjāḍi</hi> and <hi rend="italic">kuṉṟi</hi>, the subjoined inscription employs for this purpose the <hi rend="italic">tūkkam</hi> of ten <hi rend="italic">paṇa-iḍai</hi>. From the table of weights, which is contained in Sir Walter Elliot's <hi rend="italic">Coins of Southern India</hi>, p. 47, and which is based on a Malayāḷam work entitled <hi rend="italic">Kaṇakkusāram</hi>, it appears that the <hi rend="italic">tūkkam</hi> and <hi rend="italic">paṇa-iḍai</hi> of the subjoined inscription must be identical with the <hi rend="italic">kaṛañju</hi> and <hi rend="italic">paṇattūkkam (= 2 mañjāḍi</hi>) of the metrical system. Although the <hi rend="italic">paṇa-iḍai</hi> or <hi rend="italic">paṇattūkkam</hi> (=1/10 <hi rend="italic">kaṛañju</hi>) is not mentioned in the Tanjore inscriptions of the Chōḷas, it is there presupposed by the fact that the Tamil term <hi rend="italic">mā</hi> (1/20) is used to denote ‘one tenth whenever it follows the word <hi rend="italic">mañjāḍi</hi> (= 1/2 <hi rend="italic">paṇa-iḍai</hi> or <hi rend="italic">paṇattūkkam</hi>).<note>Compare page 36, note 1, and page 66, note 1.</note></p>

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<lb n="1"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="10" unit="character"/> <unclear>yarā</unclear>ya<unclear>vi</unclear>pāṭa<hi rend="grantha">N</hi> <hi rend="grantha"><unclear>bhāṣai</unclear></hi>kku tappu<unclear>va r</unclear>āya<hi rend="grantha">r·</hi><unclear>ka</unclear>ṇṭaṉ muvva<unclear>r</unclear>āya<hi rend="grantha">r·</hi> kaṇṭa<unclear>ṉ</unclear> ka<unclear>ṇ</unclear>ṭa nāṭu ke

<lb n="2" break="no"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="10" unit="character"/> <seg type="aksara"><seg type="component" subtype="body"><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="component"/></seg>ā</seg><unclear>ṉ</unclear> pū<hi rend="grantha">rvvadakṣi</hi>ṇapa<hi rend="grantha">ścima</hi>Utta<hi rend="grantha">racatusa</hi>mu<hi rend="grantha">drādhi</hi>pati <hi rend="grantha">gaja</hi>veṭṭai kaṇṭaruḷiya <hi rend="grantha">de</hi>var<unclear>ā</unclear>

<lb n="3" break="no"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="10" unit="character"/> <hi rend="grantha"><unclear>pṛ</unclear>dhi</hi>virā<hi rend="grantha">jyaM</hi> paṇṇi Aruḷāniṉṟa cakā<hi rend="grantha">bdaM</hi> <num value="1368"><g type="numeral">1000</g> 3 <g type="numeral">100</g> 6 <g type="numeral">10</g> 8</num> Itaṉ mel cellāniṉṟa <hi rend="grantha">kṣa</hi>ya<hi rend="grantha">saṁvaT</hi>

<lb n="4" break="no"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="10" unit="character"/> Āyanapu<hi rend="grantha">ṇya</hi>kālattu pū<hi rend="grantha">rvva</hi>pa<hi rend="grantha">kṣa</hi>ttu pa<seg rend="check"><hi rend="grantha">ñca</hi></seg>miyum <hi rend="grantha">budha</hi>vāramum peṟṟa pū<hi rend="grantha">rvva</hi>pa<hi rend="grantha">lgu</hi>nina<hi rend="grantha">kṣatra</hi>ttu tañcāvū<unclear>r</unclear>

<lb n="5"/><gap reason="lost" quantity="10" unit="character"/> <hi rend="grantha">g<choice><sic>e</sic><corr>o</corr></choice>tra</hi>ttu Ā<hi rend="grantha"><choice><sic>śśi</sic><corr>śva</corr></choice></hi>lāyana<hi rend="grantha">sūtra</hi>ttu <hi rend="grantha">śauṇḍarasar·</hi> pu<hi rend="grantha">traN</hi> valla<hi rend="grantha">bhade</hi>va<hi rend="grantha">r·</hi> <space quantity="9" unit="character"/> <hi rend="grantha">di<choice><sic>T</sic><corr>g</corr></choice>vija</hi>

<lb n="6" break="no"/>yamāka veṇum Eṉṟu koṭutta periya paṭṭam Oṉṟu Eṭṭarai māṟi po<unclear>ṉ</unclear> tūkkam Oṉṟukku paṇaiṭai pa<unclear>t</unclear>tāka tūkkam Irupatu <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> paṭṭam

<lb n="7"/>Oṉṟu Eṭṭu māṟi tūkkam patiṉeḻu paṇa<unclear>I</unclear>ṭai Eṭṭu <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> paṭṭam Oṉṟu Eṭṭu māṟi tūkkam Āṟu paṇaIṭai Iraṇṭu <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> paṭṭaikkāṟai Oṉṟu Eṭṭu

<lb n="8"/>māṟi tūkkam Iraṇṭu <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> cantupaṭṭaikkāṟai Iraṇṭu Eṭṭarai māṟi tūkkam mūṉṟu <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> mūkkutti niṟai paṇaIṭai Iraṇṭu <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> tirukkaṇmalar Iraṇṭu

<lb n="9"/>Oṉpatu māṟi tūkkam Oṉṟu <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> patakkam Oṉṟu Eṭṭu māṟi tūkkam nālu <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied> <hi rend="grantha">kṣetra</hi>pālaṉukku veḷḷi paṭṭam Oṉṟu tūkkam Oṉṟu paṇaIṭai <supplied reason="undefined"><g type="danda">.</g></supplied>

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<lem> kaṇṭa<unclear>ṉ</unclear> ka<unclear>ṇ</unclear>ṭa nāṭu ke

<note>Read <foreign>kaṇṭa nāṭu koṇṭu koṇṭa nāṭu kuṭātāṉ</foreign>, as in Vol. I, No. 81, text line 5 f.</note>

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<lem>pū<hi rend="grantha">rvvadakṣi</hi>ṇapa<hi rend="grantha">ścima</hi>Utta<hi rend="grantha">racatusa</hi>mu<hi rend="grantha">drā</hi>°</lem>

<note>Read <foreign><hi rend="grantha">paścimo</hi>tta<hi rend="grantha">raca</hi>tu<hi rend="grantha">ssamudrā</hi>°</foreign>.</note>

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<lem>valla<hi rend="grantha">bhade</hi>va<hi rend="grantha">r·</hi></lem>

<note>After this word is a blank space which might have contained about nine syllables.</note>

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<p>(<hi rend="italic">On the day</hi>) of the <hi rend="italic">nakshatra</hi> Pūrva-Phalgunī, which corresponded to a Wednesday and to the fifth <hi rend="italic">tithi</hi> of the first fortnight, at the auspicious time of<note>The syllables <foreign>āyana</foreign> which are preserved before <foreign>pu</foreign><hi rend="grantha">ṇya</hi><foreign>kālattu</foreign>, show that either <hi rend="italic">Uttarāyaṇa</hi> or <hi rend="italic">Dakshiṇāyana</hi> has to be supplied.</note> . . . . . . . . . . in the <hi rend="bold">Kshaya</hi> <hi rend="italic">saṁvat[sara]</hi> which was current after the <hi rend="bold">Śaka</hi> year 1368, while . . . . . . . . . . the destroyer of [hostile] kings, the disgracer<note>See <hi rend="italic">Ep. Ind</hi>., Vol. III, p. 40, note 3.</note> of those kings who break their word, the disgracer of the three kings (<hi rend="italic">of the South</hi>), he [who takes] every country which he sees, [but never gives back a country which he has taken], the lord of the four oceans, (<hi rend="italic">viz.</hi>) the eastern, southern, western and northern (<hi rend="italic">oceans</hi>), who was pleased to witness the elephant hunt,<note>This <hi rend="italic">biruda</hi> appears to imply that <hi rend="italic">khēdā</hi> operations were carried on in the time of the Vijayanagara kings.</note> <hi rend="bold">Dēvar[āya]</hi> . . . . . was graciously ruling the earth, —<hi rend="bold">Vallabhadēvar</hi>, the son of <hi rend="bold">Śauṇḍarasar</hi> of the . . . . . <hi rend="italic">gōtra (and</hi>) of the <hi rend="italic">Āśvalāyana-sūtra</hi>, gave [to the god at] <hi rend="bold">Tañjāvūr</hi> (<hi rend="italic">the following presents</hi>), with the desire to accomplish the conquest of the world (<hi rend="italic">dig-vijaya):</hi>—One large diadem (<hi rend="italic">paṭṭa), (containing</hi>) twenty <hi rend="italic">tūkkam</hi> of gold of eight and a half (<hi rend="italic">degrees</hi>) fineness,<note><hi rend="italic">Māṟi</hi> appears to be synonymous with <hi rend="italic">māṟṟu</hi>, which occurs in the inscriptions No. 3 and No. 59.</note>—at the rate of ten <hi rend="italic">paṇa-iḍai</hi> to one <hi rend="italic">tūkkam</hi>; one diadem, (<hi rend="italic">containing</hi>) seventeen <hi rend="italic">tūkkam</hi> and eight <hi rend="italic">paṇa-iḍai (of gold</hi>) of eight (<hi rend="italic">degrees</hi>) fineness; one diadem, (<hi rend="italic">containing</hi>) six <hi rend="italic">tūkkam</hi> and two <hi rend="italic">paṇa-iḍai (of gold</hi>) of eight (<hi rend="italic">degrees</hi>) fineness; one neck-ring (<hi rend="italic">paṭṭaikkāṟai), (containing</hi>) two <hi rend="italic">tūkkam (of gold</hi>) of eight (<hi rend="italic">degrees</hi>) fineness; two joined neck-rings, (<hi rend="italic">containing</hi>) three <hi rend="italic">tūkkam (of gold</hi>) of eight and a half (<hi rend="italic">degrees</hi>) fineness; (<hi rend="italic">one</hi>) nose-ornament (<hi rend="italic">mūkkutti</hi>), weighing two <hi rend="italic">paṇa-iḍai</hi>; two eyes for the idol (<hi rend="italic">tirukkaṇmalar), (containing</hi>) one <hi rend="italic">tūkkam (of gold</hi>) of nine (<hi rend="italic">degrees</hi>) fineness; one breastornament (<hi rend="italic">padakkam), (containing</hi>) four <hi rend="italic">tūkkam (of gold</hi>) of eight (<hi rend="italic">degrees</hi>) fineness. To (<hi rend="italic">the god</hi>) <hi rend="bold">Kshētrapāla</hi><note>The same deity is referred to in No. 1, paragraph 33, and No. 43, paragraph 2.</note> (<hi rend="italic">he gave</hi>) one silver diadem, (<hi rend="italic">weighing</hi>) one <hi rend="italic">tūkkam</hi> and (<hi rend="italic">one) paṇa-iḍai</hi>.</p>

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<p>Digital edition of SII 2.71 by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1895_01"/></bibl> converted to DHARMA conventions by Emmanuel Francis.</p>

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