Tiruppulivaṉam, Vyāghrapurīśvara, time of Tribhuvana Vīra, year 37

Editor: Emmanuel Francis.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSSII1200096.

Summary: Recapitulative inscription recording an inventory of earlier endowments.

Hand description:

No distinction between e and ē, nor between o and ō.

Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (tfa-sii-epigraphy).

Version: 2025-01-22 17:02 (bde1635), last modified 2025-01-02 12:59 (19a9c57).

⟨1⟩ svasti śrī

tiruvā[y-k-kēḻvi muṉ]ṉ-āka-t

tiribhuvaṉa-c-cakravattikaḷ maturaiyum Īḻamuṅ karuvūrum pāṇṭiyaṉ muṭi-t-talaiyuṅ koṇṭaruḷi v¡i!⟨ī⟩rar Abhiṣekamum vicaiyar Abhiṣekamum paṇṇiyaruḷiṉa tiribhuvaṉa-v¡i!⟨ī⟩ra-tēvaṟku yāṇṭu 3 10 7~Āvatu mithuṉa-nāyaṟṟu pūrva-pakṣattu ⟨2⟩ navamiyum nāyaṟṟu-[k-kiḻa]m[ai]yum peṟṟa Attattu nāḷ

jayaṅ-koṇṭa-cōḻamaṇṭalattu-k kāliyūṟ-kōṭṭattu taṉiyūr Uttaramēlūr-āṉa Irājen¡t!⟨d⟩ra-cōḻa-c-caturvedi-maṅkalattu mahāsabhaiyōm Eḻuttu

namm-¡u!⟨ū⟩r Uṭaiyār tiru-p-pulivaṉam-uṭaiya nāyaṉārkku tiru-nuntā-vi⟨3⟩ḷakku Erippat-āka Eṅkaḷ pūrvakaḷ pala⟨r⟩ pakkalum poṉ koṇṭu poli-y-ūṭṭukku Erikka-k kaṭavarkaḷ-āka muṉṉāḷil kalveṭṭiṉa tiru-nuntā-viḷakkukaḷil irājamāttāṇṭaṉ-ākiya Aparājita-vikramavanmarkku yāṇṭu 10 4~Āvatu nāḷil sū¡ri!⟨r⟩ya-grahaṇattukku rāja⟨4⟩māttāṇḍaṉ-ākiya Aparājita-vikramapanmar pakkal kai-k koṇṭa [poṉ] niṟai cem poṉ [100] kaḻañcukku Erikka-k kaṭavat-āka tiru-p-pulivaṉam-uṭaiyār kōyililum naṭuviṟ kōyililuṅ kalveṭṭiṉa nilai-viḷakku nālum

…

Apparatus

⟨4⟩ [poṉ] niṟai ⬦ [pura]niṟai SII • See [p]o⟨ṉ⟩ niṟai in the other copy of this inscription (SII 6, no. 350, line 5). — ⟨4⟩ [100] ⬦ SII • The number nūṟṟu is legible in the other copy of this inscription (SII 6, no. 350, line 5).

Translation by Emmanuel Francis

(1) Prosperity! Fortune!

(1) As there were previously royal orders (tiruvāykkēḻvi muṉṉāka).

(1–2) 37th year of the king Tribhuvana Vīra, the emperor of the three worlds, who, having graciously taken Maturai, Īḻam, Karuvūr and the crowned head of the Pāṇḍya, graciously made the anointment of heroes and and the anointment of the victors, on the day of attam¹, which coincides with (peṟṟa) the ninth lunar day (navami²), a Sunday, in the first fortnight of the month of mithuna.

(2) Writ of we, the members of the assembly of Rājendracōḻacaturvedimaṅgala alias Uttaramēlūr³, a taṉiyūr in the Kāliyuṟkōṭṭam in the Jayaṅkoṇṭacōḻamaṇṭalam.

(2–4)

So as to burn a glorious perpetual lamp for the Lord (uṭaiyār) (of) our village, the Lord (nāyaṉār), who owns (uṭaiya) Tiruppulivaṉanam,
so that to become those whose duty is to burn with ⁴ the earned interest from (koṇṭu⁵) the gold [obtained] from many among our predecessors (eṅkaḷ pūrvakaḷ⁶),

among the glorious perpetual lamps, that were inscribed in previous times,⁷ [there are] four pedestal-lamps (nilai-viḷakku) that were inscribed in the temple of the Lord of Tiruppulivaṉam and in the temple in the middle (naṭuvil⁸), so that there be dutiful burning for the [100] kaḻañcus of refined gold … ([poṉ] niṟai) received (kai-k koṇṭa⁹) from Aparājitavikramavarman, alias Rājamārtāṇḍa, [at the time of] a solar eclipse at the time of the 14th year of Aparājitavikramavarman, alias Rājamārtāṇḍa.

…¹⁰

Commentary

There is another copy of this inscription with some variants and variant spellings (SII 6.350) in the Vaikuṇṭhaperumāḷ temple in Uttiramērūr.

Venkatasubba Ayyar 1943 identifies Tribhuvana Vīra with Kulottuṅga III Cōḻa and dates the record to 7th June 1215 CE.

Bibliography

Reported in Venkoba Rao 1925 (ARIE/1923-1924/B/1923/396).

Edited Venkatasubba Ayyar 1943 (SII 12, no. 96). Text and summary in Mahalingam 1988 (IP 271).

This digital edition by Emmanuel Francis, based on Venkatasubba Ayyar 1943. Thanks to Centamiḻ Celvaṉ for his feedback.

Primary

[SII] Venkatasubba Ayyar, V. 1943. South Indian inscriptions. Volume XII: The Pallavas (with introductory notes in English). South Indian Inscriptions 12. Madras: Government Press. Pages 42–43, item 96.

[TVM] Mahalingam, T. V. 1988. Inscriptions of the Pallavas. New Delhi; Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Agam Prakashan. Pages 656–657, item 271.

Secondary

Venkoba Rao, G. 1925. Annual report on South-Indian epigraphy for the year ending 31st March 1924. Madras: Government Press. Page 32, appendix B/396, item 396.

Notes

1. Sanskrit hasta, the 13th nakṣatra.
2. Sanskrit navamī.
3. That is, Uttiramērūr.
4. Literally: for.
5. Literally: having taken. That is, with.
6. That is, eṅkaḷ pūrvarkaḷ.
7. That is, perpetual lamps, the donation of which was recorded in earlier inscription.
8. This must be the temple, or rather the maṇḍapa, in the middle of the village of Uttiramērūr, known as the Vaikuṇṭhaperumāḷ, which served as the meeting place for the local assembly. See Gros et al. 1970, pp. 17–18, n. 1.
9. Literally: got in hands.
10. As there is another copy of this inscription (SII 6, no. 350) and as SII 12 concerns only the Pallava inscriptions, Venkatasubba Ayyar 1943 did not provide the text of these lines, which record donations by Kṛṣṇa III Rāṣṭrakūṭa and Parāntaka I Cōḻa. See Venkatasubba Ayyar 1943, p. 43, n. 1.

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tiruvā<supplied reason="undefined">y-k-kēḻvi muṉ</supplied>ṉ-āka-t

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tiri<hi rend="grantha">bhu</hi>vaṉa-c-ca<hi rend="grantha">kra</hi>vattikaḷ maturaiyum Īḻamuṅ karuvūrum pāṇṭiyaṉ muṭi-t-talaiyuṅ koṇṭaruḷi v<choice><orig>i</orig><reg>ī</reg></choice>rar A<hi rend="grantha">bhiṣe</hi>kamum vicaiyar A<hi rend="grantha">bhiṣe</hi>kamum paṇṇiyaruḷiṉa tiri<hi rend="grantha">bhu</hi>vaṉa-v<choice><orig>i</orig><reg>ī</reg></choice>ra-tēvaṟku yāṇṭu <num value="37">3 <g type="numeral">10</g> 7</num><g type="dash"/>Āvatu mi<hi rend="grantha">thu</hi>ṉa-nāyaṟṟu <hi rend="grantha">pūrva-pakṣa</hi>ttu

<lb n="2"/>navamiyum nāyaṟṟu-<supplied reason="undefined">k-kiḻa</supplied>m<supplied reason="undefined">ai</supplied>yum peṟṟa Attattu nāḷ

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<hi rend="grantha">ja</hi>yaṅ-koṇṭa-cōḻamaṇṭalattu-k kāliyūṟ-kōṭṭattu taṉiyūr Uttaramēlūr-āṉa Irā<hi rend="grantha">jen<choice><orig>t</orig><reg>d</reg></choice>ra</hi>-cōḻa-<hi rend="grantha">c-caturvedi</hi>-maṅkalattu <hi rend="grantha">mahāsabhai</hi>yōm Eḻuttu</p>

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namm-<choice><orig>u</orig><reg>ū</reg></choice>r Uṭaiyār tiru-p-pulivaṉam-uṭaiya nāyaṉārkku tiru-nuntā-vi

<lb n="3" break="no"/>ḷakku Erippat-āka Eṅkaḷ <hi rend="grantha">pūrva</hi>kaḷ pala<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied> pakkalum poṉ koṇṭu poli-y-ūṭṭukku Erikka-k kaṭavarkaḷ-āka muṉṉāḷil kalveṭṭiṉa tiru-nuntā-viḷakkukaḷil irā<hi rend="grantha">ja</hi>māttāṇṭaṉ-ākiya Aparā<hi rend="grantha">ji</hi>ta-vi<hi rend="grantha">krama</hi>va<hi rend="grantha">nma</hi>rkku yāṇṭu <num value="14"><g type="numeral">10</g> 4</num><g type="dash"/>Āvatu nāḷil <hi rend="grantha">sū<choice><orig>ri</orig><reg>r</reg></choice></hi>ya-<hi rend="grantha">graha</hi>ṇattukku <hi rend="grantha">rāja

<lb n="4" break="no"/>māttāṇḍa</hi>ṉ-ākiya <hi rend="grantha">Aparāji</hi>ta-vi<hi rend="grantha">kramapanma</hi>r pakkal kai-k koṇṭa <supplied reason="undefined">poṉ</supplied> niṟai cem poṉ <supplied reason="undefined"><num value="100"><g type="numeral">100</g></num></supplied> kaḻañcukku Erikka-k kaṭavat-āka tiru-p-pulivaṉam-uṭaiyār kōyililum naṭuviṟ kōyililuṅ kalveṭṭiṉa nilai-viḷakku nālum

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<lem><supplied reason="undefined">poṉ</supplied> niṟai</lem>

<rdg source="bib:VenkatasubbaAyyar1943_01"><supplied reason="undefined">pura</supplied>niṟai</rdg>

<note>See <foreign><supplied reason="undefined">p</supplied>o<supplied reason="omitted">ṉ</supplied> niṟai</foreign> in the other copy of this inscription (SII 6, no. 350, line 5).</note>

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<note>The number <foreign>nūṟṟu</foreign> is legible in the other copy of this inscription (SII 6, no. 350, line 5).</note>

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<p n="1">Prosperity! Fortune!</p>

As there were previously royal orders <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tiruvāykkēḻvi muṉṉāka</foreign></supplied>.

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37th year of the king Tribhuvana Vīra, the emperor of the three worlds, who, having graciously taken Maturai, Īḻam, Karuvūr and the crowned head of the Pāṇḍya, graciously made the anointment of heroes and and the anointment of the victors, on the day of <foreign>attam</foreign><note>Sanskrit <foreign>hasta</foreign>, the 13th <foreign>nakṣatra</foreign>.</note>, which coincides with <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>peṟṟa</foreign></supplied> the ninth lunar day <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>navami</foreign><note>Sanskrit <foreign>navamī</foreign>.</note></supplied>, a Sunday, in the first fortnight of the month of <foreign>mithuna</foreign>.

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<p n="2">Writ of we, the members of the assembly of Rājendracōḻacaturvedimaṅgala <hi rend="italic">alias</hi> Uttaramēlūr<note>That is, Uttiramērūr.</note>, a <foreign>taṉiyūr</foreign> in the Kāliyuṟkōṭṭam in the Jayaṅkoṇṭacōḻamaṇṭalam.</p>

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<item>So as to burn a glorious perpetual lamp for the Lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiyār</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="explanation">of</supplied> our village, the Lord <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nāyaṉār</foreign></supplied>, who owns <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>uṭaiya</foreign></supplied> Tiruppulivaṉanam,</item>

<item>so that to become those whose duty is to burn with <note>Literally: for.</note> the earned interest from <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>koṇṭu</foreign><note>Literally: having taken. That is, with.</note></supplied> the gold <supplied reason="subaudible">obtained</supplied> from many among our predecessors <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>eṅkaḷ <hi rend="grantha">pūrva</hi>kaḷ</foreign><note>That is, <foreign>eṅkaḷ <hi rend="grantha">pūrva</hi>rkaḷ</foreign>.</note></supplied>,</item>

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among the glorious perpetual lamps, that were inscribed in previous times,<note>That is, perpetual lamps, the donation of which was recorded in earlier inscription.</note>

<supplied reason="subaudible">there are</supplied>

four pedestal-lamps <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nilai-viḷakku</foreign></supplied>

that were inscribed in the temple of the Lord of Tiruppulivaṉam and in the temple in the middle <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>naṭuvil</foreign><note>This must be the temple, or rather the <foreign>maṇḍapa</foreign>, in the middle of the village of Uttiramērūr, known as the Vaikuṇṭhaperumāḷ, which served as the meeting place for the local assembly. See <bibl><ptr target="bib:Gros+Nagaswamy1970_01"/><citedRange unit="page">17-18</citedRange><citedRange unit="note">1</citedRange></bibl>.</note></supplied>,

so that there be dutiful burning for the <supplied reason="undefined">100</supplied> <foreign>kaḻañcu</foreign>s of refined gold <gap reason="ellipsis"/> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign><supplied reason="undefined">poṉ</supplied> niṟai</foreign></supplied> received <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kai-k koṇṭa</foreign><note>Literally: got in hands.</note></supplied> from Aparājitavikramavarman, <hi rend="italic">alias</hi> Rājamārtāṇḍa, <supplied reason="subaudible">at the time of</supplied> a solar eclipse at the time of the 14th year of Aparājitavikramavarman, <hi rend="italic">alias</hi> Rājamārtāṇḍa.

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<p><gap reason="ellipsis" extent="unknown" unit="line"/><note>As there is another copy of this inscription (SII 6, no. 350) and as SII 12 concerns only the Pallava inscriptions, <bibl><ptr target="bib:VenkatasubbaAyyar1943_01"/></bibl> did not provide the text of these lines, which record donations by Kṛṣṇa III Rāṣṭrakūṭa and Parāntaka I Cōḻa. See <bibl><ptr target="bib:VenkatasubbaAyyar1943_01"/><citedRange unit="page">43</citedRange><citedRange unit="note">1</citedRange></bibl>.</note></p>

</div>

<p>

There is another copy of this inscription with some variants and variant spellings (SII 6.350) in the Vaikuṇṭhaperumāḷ temple in Uttiramērūr.

</p>

<p>

<bibl><ptr target="bib:VenkatasubbaAyyar1943_01"/></bibl> identifies Tribhuvana Vīra with Kulottuṅga III Cōḻa and dates the record to 7th June 1215 CE.

</p>

</div>

<p>

Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1923-1924"/></bibl> (ARIE/1923-1924/B/1923/396).

</p>

<p>

Edited <bibl><ptr target="bib:VenkatasubbaAyyar1943_01"/></bibl> (SII 12, no. 96). Text and summary in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl> (IP 271).

</p>

<p>

This digital edition by Emmanuel Francis, based on <bibl><ptr target="bib:VenkatasubbaAyyar1943_01"/></bibl>. Thanks to Centamiḻ Celvaṉ for his feedback.

</p>

</bibl>

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