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Editors: Anonymous editor.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSSII03.

Language: Undetermined.

Repository: South Indian Inscriptions (tfa-sii-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-10-11 14:04 (3e9ffbb), last modified 2022-07-11 14:15 (3ec18b0).

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<h1>MISCELLANEOUS INSCRIPTIONS FROM THE<lb/>TAMIL COUNTRY.</h1>

<h1>I.——INSCRIPTIONS IN THE VISHNU TEMPLE AT UKKAL.</h1>

ON the road from Conjeeveram to Wandiwash, at a distance of five miles south of

Māmaṇḍūr,<lb/>lies the village of Kūḻambandal.<ref t="3:1-1"/> It contains a Śiva

temple, which is now deserted,<lb/>but in tolerably good preservation. The approximate time of the

foundation of this temple<lb/>is settled by an inscription on its north wall, which is dated in the

12th year of the reign of<lb/>Rājēndra-Chōḷa I. It records the grant of an allowance

of paddy and gold to twenty-<lb break="no"/>four dancing-girls, and states that the temple was

built by the priest Īśānaśiva-Paṇḍita,<lb/>whose name is also met with in a Tanjore

inscription of the 6th year of the same king (Vol.<lb/>II. No. 9). The same wall of the temple at

Kūḻambandal bears an inscription of the 22nd<lb/>year of Rājēndra-Chōḷa I., and the

south wall one of the 33rd year of Rājādhirāja.<lb/>The ancient name of the temple,

Gaṅgaikoṇḍa-Chōḷēśvara, is derived from a surname

of<lb/>Rājēndra-Chōḷa I.<ref t="3:1-2"/>

The village of Ukkal<ref t="3:1-3"/> is one mile distant to the east of Kūḻambandal.

It contains the<lb/>ruins of an ancient temple of Vishṇu, which I visited in 1893. Of the shrine

itself, only the<lb/>lower portions remain standing, and the maṇḍapa in front of the

shrine threatens to collapse<lb/>at any moment. The bases of the shrine and of the maṇḍapa

bear seventeen inscriptions.<lb/>Of these, fourteen were copied and are published below. The

remaining three were omitted,<lb/>as they are incomplete.

The subjoined list shows, in chronological order, the kings to whose reigns the

Ukkal<lb/>inscriptions belong.

<table n="3:1"><ins>[see file sii01-04_tables.txt]</ins></table>

According to the inscriptions, the ancient name of the temple was Puvaṉimāṇikka-<lb break="no"/>Vishṇugriham, i.e. ‘the Vishṇu temple of Bhuvanamāṇikya.’ This

word means ‘the<lb/>ruby of the world’ and may have been a biruda of the unknown founder of

the temple. In<pb n="3:2"/><lb/>an inscription of Rājarāja I. (No. 2, l. 2), the deity

of the temple is called Tiruvāy-<lb break="no"/>moḻidēvar, i.e. ‘the god of the

Tiruvāymoḻi.’ This is the name of that portion of the<lb/>Nālāyiraprabandham,

which was composed by Śaṭhagōpa, alias Nammāḻvār. The fact<lb/>that,

in the time of Rājarāja I., an idol was named after the Tiruvāymoḻi, implies that

this<lb/>work was considered holy already at that period, and hence that its author must have

lived<lb/>centuries before A.D. 1000.<ref t="3:2-1"/>

The village in which the temple stands, bears the name of Ukkal in the

inscriptions<lb/>No. 4 and No. 10. In the two archaic inscriptions of Kampavarman (Nos. 5

and 8), we<lb/>find the more ancient forms Uṭkar and Uṭkal. Other names or

surnames of it were<lb/>Śivachūḷāmaṇimaṅgalam<ref t="3:2-2"/> (Nos. 1, 2, 3, 6, 7,

11, 12 and 14), Vikramābharaṇa-<lb break="no"/>chaturvēdimaṅgalam (Nos. 2, 3, 4, 6, 7,

10, 11, 12, 13 and 14), and Aparājita-<lb break="no"/>chaturvēdimaṅgalam (No. 1). These

three surnames appear to be derived from birudas<lb/>of royal persons. In No. 1, Ukkal is

stated to have belonged to Pāgūr-nāḍu, a subdivision of<lb/>the district of

Kāliyūr-kōṭṭam, while, according to other inscriptions, it formed a<lb/>separate

subdivision of the same district, which was one of the ancient divisions of Toṇḍai-<lb break="no"/>maṇḍalam or, as it was also called from the time of Rājarāja I.,

Jayaṅkoṇḍa-Chōḷa-<lb break="no"/>maṇḍalam<ref t="3:2-3"/> (Nos. 4 and 10).

The village of Ukkal was governed by an assembly (sabhā or mahāsabhā), which

was<lb/>subdivided into several committees. These were ‘the great men elected for the year’

(Nos.<lb/>5, 7, 11, 12, 13 and 14), ‘the great men in charge of the tank’ (Nos. 6, 11, 12 and 13),

and<lb/>‘those in charge of gardens’ (No. 12). The transactions of the assembly were put

in<lb/>writing by an officer who had the title ‘arbitrator’ (madhyastha, Nos. 2, 3, 6, 10

and 12),<lb/>and who is once called ‘an accountant’ (karaṇattāṉ, No. 10).

<h3>No. 1.——ON THE NORTH WALL OF THE SHRINE.</h3>

This inscription is dated in the 23rd year of the reign of the ancient Chōḷa king

Rāja-<lb break="no"/>kēsarivarman.<ref t="3:2-4"/> It records that a certain

Brahmādhirāja (ll. 4 and 11) deposited 200<lb/>kaḻañju of gold with the

villagers, and that the latter pledged themselves to apply the<lb/>interest of this sum to the

feeding of twelve learned Brāhmaṇas.

<hi>1 <gr>svasti śrī</gr> ||—— <ta>ko</ta>

<gr>rāja</gr><ta>ke</ta><gr>sariva[r]mma</gr><ta>ṟku yāṇṭu irupattumuṉṟāvatu<ref t="3:2-5"/> [|*]<lb/>kāliyūrkkoṭṭattuppākū-</ta></hi>

<hi>2 <ta>r[n]āṭṭuccivacūḷāmaṇimaṅ[ka]lamā[ki]ya

aparā[ji]tacca</ta><gr>tu[r]vve</gr><ta>timaṅkalattu</ta> <gr>sabhai-<lb break="no"/>yo-</gr></hi>

<hi>3 <ta>mmeḻuttu [|*] ikkoṭṭa[t]tuttaṉ kūṟṟu

uttaramerucca</ta><gr>tu[r]vve</gr><ta>timaṅkala-<lb break="no"/>miyā-</ta><ref t="3:2-6"/></hi>

<hi>4 <ta>ḷuṅkaṇattāruṭceti[ṟū]rttiruvi</ta><gr>krama[bha]ṭṭa</gr><ta>rākiya</ta>

<gr>brahmādhi</gr><ta>rājar pakkal koṇṭa<lb/>poṉ irunūṟ-</ta><pb n="3:3"/></hi>

<hi>5 <ta>ṟukkaḻañcu [|*] ippoṉṉiṉ</ta> <ref t="3:3-1"/> <gr>pra[ddha]</gr><ta>yālu[me]

<ref t="3:3-2"/>emmurppuvanimāṇikkavi</ta><gr>ṣṇu-<lb break="no"/>gr̥</gr><ta>hattu

perumāṉaṭika-</ta></hi>

<hi>6 <ta>ḷ uccam p[o]ḻ[tu] tiruvamirtu ceyvataṉ mu[ṉ]ṉam nicati paṉṉiruvar</ta><lb/>

<gr>brāhma</gr><ta>ṇar</ta> <gr>veda</gr><ta>m vallār uṇpa[tā]-</ta></hi>

<hi>7 <ta>kavum [|*] <ref t="3:3-3"/>ip[paṉiru]vaṟkum</ta> <gr>śariram<ref t="3:3-4"/>

prati</gr> <ta>[āḻā]kku [ne]y[yu]m ain[tu]<lb/>kaṟiyu[m] aivvu[ḻa]kkuttayirum iv[vi]raṇṭu

kāyumi[lai]yum</ta></hi>

<hi>8 <ta>ivarkaḷukku</ta> <gr>[tr̥]pti</gr><ta>yāmaḷavum ipparicu

ā</ta><gr>cantra</gr><ta>tāramum<ref t="3:3-5"/> [ū]ṭṭuvatāka ippaṉ-<lb break="no"/>ṉiruvar</ta> <gr>brāhma</gr><ta>ṇarkkum [a]ṭuvārkkum [vi]ṟakiṭu-</ta></hi>

<hi>9 <ta>vārk[ku]m ma[ṟ]ṟum [e]pperppaṭṭatum aṭaṅka ipparicu ūṭṭuvatāka ivvi-<lb break="no"/>runū[ṟ]ṟukkaḻañcuṅkoṇṭom [|*] i[p]paricu</ta></hi>

<hi>10 <ta>ūṭṭām[e]</ta> <gr>vigghnan</gr><ta>tuytār</ta> <gr>geṅgai</gr> <ta>iṭaikkumari

iṭaicceytār ceyta<lb/>pāpamellāṅkoḷ[v]ārāka[vumi]ppari-</ta></hi>

<hi>11 <ta>cu muṭṭi[l mu]n[t]ā</ta><gr>n</gr><ta>tu[y]ta

i</ta><gr>ṣṭāpū[r]tta</gr><ta>m</ta> <gr>brahmādhirā</gr><ta>janukke āvatā-<lb break="no"/>kavum [|*] i[p*]paricu oṭṭi</ta> <gr>śilālekhai</gr> <ta>ceytu [ku]ṭut-</ta></hi>

<hi>12 [ <ta>tom</ta> <gr>sabhai</gr>] <ta>yom</ta> ||—— <gr>svasti śrī</gr> ||——</hi>

<h1>TRANSLATION.</h1>

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the twenty-third year (of the reign) of king

Rāja-<lb break="no"/>kēsarivarman. The writing of us, the assembly of

Śivachūḷāmaṇimaṅgalam, alias<lb/>Aparā[ji]ta-chaturvēdimaṅgalam,

(a village) in Pāgūr-nāḍu, (a subdivision) of Kāli-<lb break="no"/>yūr-kōṭṭam.

(L. 3.) (We) have received two hundred kaḻañju) of gold from

Tiruvikrama-Bhaṭṭar,<lb/>alias Brahmādhirājar, of

Śedi[ṟū]r, (one) among the commissioners (gaṇattār) ruling

over<lb/>Uttaramēru-chaturvēdimaṅgalam,<ref t="3:3-6"/> (a village) in its own

subdivision (kūṟu)<ref t="3:3-7"/> of the<lb/>same kōṭṭam.

(L. 5.) From the interest of this gold, twelve Brāhmaṇas who know the Vēda, have to<lb/>be

fed daily, before the god (perumāṉ-aḍigaḷ) of the

Puvanimāṇikka-Vishṇugr̥ham in<lb/>our village receives offerings at noon-time.

(L. 7.) We have received these two hundred kaḻañju, in order to supply, as long as

the<lb/>moon and the stars exist, to each of these twelve (Brāhmaṇas), (one) āḻākku of

ghee, five<lb/>dishes of curry, five uḻakku of curds, two areca-nuts, and betel-leaves

until they are satisfied,<lb/>(and) in order to supply everything else to these twelve

Brāhmaṇas, to the cooks, and to<lb/>those who fetch firewood.

(L. 9.) Those who do not feed (them) thus and cause obstruction, shall incur all the

sins<lb/>committed between the Gaṅgā and Kumari.<ref t="3:3-8"/>

(L. 10.) If (any persons) hinder this, the sacrifices and charitable deeds

(ishṭāpūrta)<lb/>which they have performed themselves before, shall devolve on

Brahmādhirājaṉ.<ref t="3:3-9"/>

(L. 11.) Having agreed thus, we, the assembly, engraved (this) on stone. Hail ! Pros-<lb break="no"/>perity !<pb n="3:4"/>

<h3>No. 2.——ON THE NORTH AND WEST WALLS OF THE SHRINE.</h3>

This inscription is dated in the 13th year of the reign of

Rājarāja-Kēsarivarman.<lb/>The king receives the epithet “who destroyed the ships at

Śālai,” and must be identified<lb/>accordingly with the great Chōḷa king

Rājarāja I., who ascended the throne in A.D.<lb/>984-85.<ref t="3:4-1"/>

The inscription records that a certain Nārāyaṇa Rājasiṁha, a native of the

Chōḷa<lb/>country, purchased 550 kuḻi of land, and made them over to the

assembly of the village,<lb/>under the condition that their produce should be utilised for

supplying the god with 4 nāḻi of<lb/>rice daily.

In this inscription the virāma<ref t="3:4-2"/> is expressed by a slightly curved dash,

which is placed<lb/>over the letter and resembles the superscribed r of

<gr>varma</gr><ta>ṟku</ta> (l. 1). The virāma occurs six<lb/>times, viz. over

<ta>ṉ</ta> of <ta>taṉ kūṟṟu</ta> (l. 1), <ta>ṉ</ta> of <gr>krama</gr><ta>vittaṉ</ta> and

<ta>m</ta> of <ta>iṟai</ta><gr>dravya</gr><ta>m</ta> (l. 5), <gr>n</gr> of<lb/>

<gr>madhyasthan</gr>, <ta>ṉ</ta> of <ta>nālāyiravaṉ</ta>, and <ta>ṉ</ta> of <ta>makaṉ</ta>

(l. 6).

<hi>1 <gr>sva[sti śrī] [||*]</gr> <ta>cālai kalamaṟutta ko

i</ta><gr>rājarāja</gr><ta>ke</ta><gr>sarivarma</gr><ta>ṟku yāṇṭu</ta><lb/> <gr>13</gr>

<ta>āvatu [|*] kāliyūrkk[oṭ]ṭa[t]tuttaṉ kūṟṟu civacūḷā[maṇimaṅ]-<lb break="no"/>ka[la]mākiya</ta></hi>

<hi>2 <gr>śrīvikramābhara</gr><ta>ṇaccatu</ta><gr>[r]vve</gr><ta>timaṅkalattu</ta>

<gr>ma</gr><ta>hā</ta><gr>sabhai</gr><ta>yomeḻuttu [|*] emmur<ref t="3:4-3"/><lb/>tiruvā[y]moḻi</ta><gr>de</gr><ta>varkku ucciyam poḻtu nāṉāḻit-</ta></hi>

<hi>3 <ta>tiruvamutu amirtu ceyvataṟku coṇāṭṭu vaṭakaraittiruvintaḷurnāṭṭukkaṭuvaṅ-<lb break="no"/>kuṭi<ref t="3:4-4"/> kaṭuvaṅkuṭaiyāṉārāyaṇaṉirācaciṅ[ka]ṉ vaitta

ni-</ta></hi>

<hi>4 <ta>lam caṅkaranā</ta><gr>rā</gr><ta>yaṇavatikku meṟku taṟutampavāykkālukku

vaṭakku</ta> <gr>śrīrāghava-</gr><lb/> <ta>tevar</ta> <gr>bhū</gr><ta>miyoṭumaṭaiya

vaṭakkuppaṅkiṭṭa kolāl ai[ñ*]ñūṟ[ṟai]mpatu<lb/>kuḻiyum</ta></hi>

<hi>5 <ta>uṟuppuṭṭur<ref t="3:4-5"/> caṭṭiku[m]āra</ta><gr>krama</gr><ta>vittaṉ pakkal

vilai koṇṭu vaittamaiyil in-<lb break="no"/>ni[la]ttāl vanta

iṟai</ta><gr>dravya</gr><ta>m</ta> <gr>sabhai</gr><ta>yome koṇṭu

ca</ta><gr>ntrā</gr><ta>tit[tava]l<lb/>iṟaiyiliyāka</ta></hi>

<hi>6 <ta>iṟaiyiḻi[t]ti</ta> <ref t="3:4-6"/> <gr>ślā[l]ekhai</gr> <ta>ceytu kuṭutto[m*]</ta>

<gr>sabhai</gr><ta>yom [|*]</ta><lb/> <gr>sabhai</gr><ta>yuḷḷiruntu pa[ṇi]

keṭṭeḻutiṉeṉ</ta> <gr>madhya[stha]n</gr> <ta>nālāyiravaṉ

makaṉ<lb/>ā[yi]rattirunūṟ[ṟu]vaṉāṉa</ta> <gr>brahma-</gr></hi>

<hi>7 <gr>[gu]ṇāka[ravijyāsth]ā</gr><ta>[na]</ta><gr>ma</gr><ta>[ṅ]kalāti</ta>[

<ta>tta</ta><gr>sama</gr>] <gr>n</gr><ta>tu</ta><gr>sapri</gr><ta>ya[ṉe]ṉ<ref t="3:4-7"/>

[||*] śrī [||*]</ta></hi>

<h1>TRANSLATION.</h1>

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 13th year (of the reign) of king

Rājarāja-Kē-<lb break="no"/>sarivarman, who destroyed the ships (at)

Śālai.<ref t="3:4-8"/> The writing of us, the great assembly<lb/>of

Śivachūḷāmaṇimaṅgalam, alias

Śrī-Vikramābharaṇa-chaturvēdimaṅgalam,<lb/>(a village) in its own subdivision

of Kāliyūr-kōṭṭam.

(L. 2.) Kaḍuvaṅg-uḍaiyāṉ Nārāyaṇaṉ Rājasiṁhaṉ of Kaḍuvaṅguḍi,

(a<lb/>village) in Tiruvindaḷūr-nāḍu, (a district) on the northern bank

(of the Kāvērī) in<lb/>Śōṇāḍu,<ref t="3:4-9"/> had purchased from

Śaṭṭikumāra-Kramavittaṉ<ref t="3:4-10"/> of Uṟuppuṭṭūr five<pb n="3:5"/><lb/>hundred and fifty kuḻi,——(measured) by a graduated rod, beginning<ref t="3:5-1"/> (to measure) from the<lb/>land (of the temple) of

Śrī-Rāghavadēvar in the north,——of land to the west of the road<lb/>(vadi) to

(the temple of) Śaṁkaranārāyaṇa (and) to the north of the

Taṟudamba) channel, and<lb/>had assigned (it) for (providing) four

nāḻi (of rice) for the oblations to be offered at noon-time<lb/>to (the god)

Tiruvā[y]moḻidēvar in our village.

(L. 5.) Having received the revenue of this land, and having exempted (it) from

taxes<lb/>for as long as the moon and the sun exist, we, the assembly, engraved (this) on

stone.

(L. 6.) Having been present in the assembly and having heard (their) order, I,

the<lb/>arbitrator (madhyastha) Āyirattirunūṟṟuvaṉ, alias

Brahmaguṇākaravidyāsthāna-<lb break="no"/>Maṅgalāditya-Samañjasapriyaṉ, the son of

Nālāyiravaṉ, wrote (this). Pros-<lb break="no"/>perity !

<h3>No. 3.——ON THE WEST WALL OF THE SHRINE.</h3>

This inscription is dated in the 14th year of the reign of

Rājarāja-Kēsarivarman.<lb/>Like No. 2, which is dated one year earlier, it refers to

the destruction of the ships at<lb/>Śālai, and mentions in addition the conquest of

Vēṅgaiññāḍu (or Vēṅgai-nāḍu), Gaṅ-<lb break="no"/>ga-pāḍi,

Taḍiya-vaḻi (instead of which most other inscriptions of Rājarāja I.

read<lb/>Taḍigai-pāḍi), and Nuḷamba-pāḍi.

The inscription records that a certain Peṟṟāṉ Adittaṉ, a native of the

Chōḷa<lb/>country, purchased two pieces of land, the first piece from a private person

and the second<lb/>from the assembly of the village, and that he made over both pieces of land to

the villagers<lb/>for maintaining a flower-garden for the temple.

<hi>1 <gr>svasti śrī</gr> [||*] <ta>cālai kalamaṟuttu veṅkaiññāṭum kaṅkapāṭiyūm<ref t="3:5-2"/> taṭiyavaḻi-<lb break="no"/>yūm<ref t="3:5-2"/> nuḷam-</ta></hi>

<hi>2 <ta>papāṭiyuṅkoṇṭa

kovi</ta><gr>rājarāja</gr><ta>ke</ta><gr>sari</gr><ta>va[r]</ta><gr>ma</gr><ta>[r*]kku

yāṇṭu</ta> <gr>14</gr> <ta>āvatu [|*]</ta></hi>

<hi>3 <ta>kāliyūrkkoṭṭattu taṉ kūṟṟu</ta>

<gr>śi</gr><ta>vacūḷāma[ṇi]maṅkalamākiya</ta> <gr>śrīvikramābharaṇa-<lb break="no"/>śa</gr><ta>tu</ta><gr>[rvv]e</gr><ta>ti</ta><gr>ma</gr><ta>ṅkalattu</ta><ref t="3:5-3"/> <gr>sabhai</gr><ta>yom eḻuttu [|*]</ta></hi>

<hi>4 <ta>coḻaṇāṭṭu<ref t="3:5-4"/> teṉka[rai] tiruvaḻuntūrnāṭṭu kaḻaṉivāyil

kaḻaṉi[vā]yiluṭai-<lb break="no"/>yāṉ p[e]ṟṟāṉātitta[ṉ] emmur<ref t="3:5-5"/>

puvaṉimāṇikkavi</ta><gr>[ṣṇu]gr̥</gr><ta>hat[tu] para-</ta></hi>

<hi>5 <ta>ma</ta><gr>sv[ā]mi</gr><ta>kaḷukku <ref t="3:5-6"/>[ti]runa[n]ta[vā]ṉapuṟa[t]tukku

ivaṉ vilai koṇṭu vaitta</ta><lb/> <gr>bhū</gr><ta>mi taṟutampavāykkālukku vaṭakku

pakaṭikku teṟkum</ta></hi>

<hi>6 <ta>perumāṉaṭivatikku meṟku otimukki</ta><gr>[bhrām]takra</gr><ta>[mavi]ttaṉ pakkal

vilai koṇṭa<lb/>vi[ḷai]nila[m] paṅkiṭṭa ko[l]āl</ta> <gr>5[3]8-</gr></hi>

<hi>7 <ta>kuḻiyum ivaṉey nan[ta]vāṉattukku</ta> <gr>sabhai</gr><ta>yom pakkal vi[lai

koṇṭa]<lb/>nila[m] mu[ṭu]mpai canti[rā]cca</ta><gr>krama</gr><ta>r ku-</ta></hi>

<hi>8 <ta>ṟṟettavāykkālukku meṟ[k]kum āṟṟukku vaṭakkum orukol vaḻi nīkki [i]-<lb break="no"/>taṟku kurivu<ref t="3:5-7"/>

śrī[n]ā</ta><gr>rāyaṇaa</gr><ta>k[ki]</ta><gr>śā</gr><ta>ma</ta><gr>krama</gr><ta>r<ref t="3:5-8"/> pula-</ta></hi>

<hi>9 <ta>ttukku kiḻakku muṭump[ai] cantirāccatampi[yu]muḷḷiṭṭ[ār]kku teṟku

paṅkiṭṭa<lb/>kolāl</ta> <gr>[5]01</gr> <ta>kuḻiyum• [ñ]ca . ṭṭapaṭṭa nilat[tuk]ku</ta>

<gr>kraya[dra]-<lb break="no"/>vya</gr><ta>mum</ta><pb n="3:6"/></hi>

<hi>10 <ta>iṟai</ta><gr>dravya</gr><ta>mum aṟakkoṇṭu in[nan]ta[vā]ṉamum

[na]ntavā[ṉa]puṟamum</ta> <ref t="3:6-1"/> <gr>śa[ntr]ā-<lb break="no"/>ditya</gr><ta>va[l]<ref t="3:6-2"/> iṟ[aiili]yāka iṟai iḻicci</ta> <ref t="3:6-3"/> <gr>ślāle-</gr></hi>

<hi>11 <ta>[k]ai [ce]ytu kuṭuttom</ta> <gr>sa[bh]ai</gr><ta>yom [|*]</ta>

<gr>sabhai</gr><ta>yuḷḷiruntu paṇi ke-<lb break="no"/>ṭṭe eḻuti[ṉeṉ]</ta>

<gr>madhyastan</gr><ref t="3:6-4"/> <ta>nālāyirava[ṉ]</ta></hi>

<hi>12 <ta>makaṉ āyirattirunūṟṟuvaṉāriya</ta><ref t="3:6-5"/> <gr>brahmakuṇā-</gr><ref t="3:6-6"/></hi>

<hi>13

<gr>ka</gr><ta>ravi</ta><gr>jyāsthā</gr><ta>nama[ṅ]kalā[ti*]t[ta]</ta><gr>sa[ma]n</gr><ta>tu</ta><gr>sapri</gr><ta>ya[ṉ]eṉ<ref t="3:6-7"/> [||*] śrī [||*]</ta></hi>

<h1>TRANSLATION.</h1>

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 14th year (of the reign) of king

Rājarāja-Kēsa-<lb break="no"/>rivarman, who, having destroyed the ships (at)

Śālai, conquered Vēṅgaiññāḍu,<lb/>Gaṅga-pāḍi, Taḍiya-vaḻi and

Nuḷamba-pāḍi. The writing of us, the assembly<lb/>of

Śivachūḷāmaṇimaṅgalam, alias

Śrī-Vikramābharaṇa-chaturvēdimaṅgalam,<lb/>(a village) in its own subdivision

of Kāliyūr-kōṭṭam.

(L. 4.) Kaḻaṉivāyil-uḍaiyāṉ [P]eṟṟāṉ Ādittaṉ of Kaḻaṉivāyil,

(a village) in<lb/>Tiruvaḻundūr-nāḍu, (a district) on the southern bank

(of the Kāvērī) in Śōḻa-nāḍu,<lb/>had purchased from

Odimukki[bhrān]ta-Kramavittaṉ 538 kuḻi of cultivated land,<lb/>(measured)

by a graduated rod, to the north of the Taṟudamba channel,<ref t="3:6-8"/> to the south

of<lb/>Pagaḍi, (and) to the west of the road to (the temple of) the god

(perumāṉ-aḍi), and had<lb/>assigned (this) land for the maintenance<ref t="3:6-9"/> of a flower-garden (nandavāṉam) to the god<lb/>(paramasvāmin) of the

Puvaṉimāṇikka-Vishṇugr̥ham in our village.

(L. 7.) The same person had purchased from us, the assembly, for a flower-garden,<lb/>501

kuḻi of land, (measured) by a graduated rod, to the west of the irrigation

channel<ref t="3:6-10"/> of<lb/>Muḍumbai Śandirāchcha-Kramar, to the north of the

river, to the east of the field of<lb/>Śrīnārāyaṇa-Agniśarma-Kramar with the

exception of a road (of the breadth) of one<lb/>rod, (and) to the south (of the

field) of Muḍumbai Śandirāchcha-Tambiyum-Uḷḷiṭṭār.<ref t="3:6-11"/>

(L. 9.) Having received in full the purchase-money and the revenue of the land•<lb/>•••• and

having exempted this flower-garden and (the land assigned for) the<lb/>maintenance of the

flower-garden from taxes for as long as the moon and the sun exist, we,<lb/>the assembly, engraved

(this) on stone.

(L. 11.) Having been present in the assembly and having heard (their) order, I,

the<lb/>arbitrator Āyirattirunūṟṟuvaṉ, alias

Brahmaguṇākaravidyāsthāna-Maṅgalā-<lb break="no"/>ditya-Samañjasapriyaṉ, the son

of Nālāyiravaṉ, wrote (this).<ref t="3:6-12"/> Prosperity !

<h3>No. 4.——ON THE WEST WALL OF THE SHRINE.</h3>

This inscription is dated in the 29th year of the reign of Rājakēsarivarman,

alias<lb/>Rājarājadēva, and records that Kaṇṇaṉ Ārūraṉ, a native

of the Chōḷa country and a<lb/>servant of the king, founded near Ukkal a well,

which he named after the king, and<pb n="3:7"/><lb/>assigned an allowance of paddy to the men who

distributed water in a shed which was<lb/>erected near the well.<ref t="3:7-1"/>

<hi>1 <gr>[sva]sti śrī [||*]</gr> <ta>[ti]rumakaḷ pol perunilacce[lvi]yuntaṉakke

urimai<lb/>puṇṭamai<ref t="3:7-2"/> maṉakk[o]ḷkkā[nta]ḷurccā[lai<ref t="3:7-3"/>

ka]la[maṟu]tta[ru]ḷi [v]eṅk[ai]-<lb break="no"/>nāṭum kaṅka[pā]ṭi[yum]

nuḷampapāṭiyu</ta><gr>[nta]</gr><ta>ṭi[k]aip[ā]-</ta></hi>

<hi>2 <ta>ṭiyum kuṭamalaināṭum kollamum kaliṅkamum muraṭṭoḻil ciṅkaḷar īḻa[ma]ṇ-<lb break="no"/>ṭalamum [i]raṭṭa[pā]ṭi eḻarai ilakkamum muṉ[ṉī]rppa[ḻa]n[tīvu]

paṉ[ṉī]-<lb break="no"/>rāyira[mum tiṇṭi]ṟal ve[ṉ]ṟittaṇṭāṟ-</ta></hi>

<hi>3 <ta>kkoṇṭa taṉṉeḻil <ref t="3:7-4"/>vaḷaruḻiyuḷellāy[ā]ṇṭuntoḻutakai viḷaṅkum

yāṇ-<lb break="no"/>ṭe ceḻiyarai[tt*]ecu koḷa śrīko

rājake</ta><gr>sarivanma</gr><ta>rāṉa śrīrājarāja</ta><gr>de</gr><ta>va-<lb break="no"/>rkku yāṇ-</ta></hi>

<hi>4 <ta>ṭu</ta> <gr>29</gr> <ta>āvatu

jayaṅkoṇṭacoḷamaṇṭala[t]tukkāliyūrkkoṭṭattuttaṉiyūr<lb/>ukkalākiya

śrīvikkiramāpa[ra*]ṇaccatu</ta><gr>[r]vve</gr><ta>timaṅkalattuṉ<ref t="3:7-5"/>

melai-</ta></hi>

<hi>5 <ta>pperuvaḻiyil śrīrājarāja</ta><gr>de</gr><ta>var

tiru[n]āmattālkkiṇaṟuntoṭṭiyum camaippit-<lb break="no"/>tāṉ uṭaiyār

śrīrā[ja]rāja</ta><gr>de</gr><ta>var paṇimakaṉ coḷa[ma]ṇṭalattu t[e]ṉka-<lb break="no"/>r[ai]nā[ṭ]ṭu nitt(ā)-</ta></hi>

<hi>6 <ta>viṉo[ta]vaḷanāṭṭu āvūrkkūṟṟattu [ā]vūruṭaiyāṉ kaṇṇaṉāruraṉ<ref t="3:7-6"/> [|*] i-<lb break="no"/>vaṉe śrīrājarājaki[ṇaṟ]ṟil[t]toṭṭikku <ref t="3:7-7"/>nīraṟai[p]pārkku [a]rumoḻitevaṉ<lb/>marakkā[l]āl nicatam ne[l] ja</ta><ref t="3:7-8"/> <gr>2</gr> <ta>ṅa<ref t="3:7-9"/> [ā]-</ta></hi>

<hi>7 <ta>kattiṅkaḷ</ta> <gr>6</gr> <ta>kku nel ja</ta> <gr>30</gr> <ta>[kḷa]mum</ta><ref t="3:7-10"/> <gr>śrīrājarāja</gr><ta>[ṉ] taṇṇīraṭṭuvā-<lb break="no"/>rkku nicata[m]

nel ja</ta> [ <gr>2</gr> <ta>ṅa</ta>] <ta>āka tiṅkaḷ</ta> <gr>6</gr> <ta>kku nellu</ta>

<gr>30</gr> <ta>[kḷa]m<lb/>ippantalukku kucakkalam i[ṭu]-</ta></hi>

<hi>8 <ta>v[ā]rkku tiṅkaḷ</ta> <gr>1</gr> <ta>kku nellu</ta> <gr>vta</gr><ref t="3:7-11"/>

<ta>āka tiṅkaḷ</ta> <gr>6</gr> <ta>kku nellu</ta> [ <gr>4<lb/>kaḷa</gr>] <ta>mum

śrīrājarājaṉ kiṇaṟ[ṟu]kku[m] t[o]ṭṭik[ku]m c[e]tattukkum ā-<lb break="no"/>ṭṭāṇṭu

toṟu[m] pu[tu]kkuppuṟamāka [v]aicca</ta></hi>

<hi>9 <ta>nellu</ta> <gr>2 kaḷam vta</gr> <ta>āka ja</ta> <gr>66 [kaḷam] vta [|*]</gr>

<ta>i[n*]nellukku ivaṉ<lb/>pakkal [ivvū]r</ta> <gr>sa[bh]ai</gr><ta>[yom i]ṟ</ta>[

<ta>ai</ta><gr>dra</gr>] <gr>vya</gr><ta>[mu]m</ta> <gr>[krayadra]vya</gr><ta>[mu]m<lb/>koṇṭu

iṟai iḻiycci•••••</ta></hi>

<h1>TRANSLATION.</h1>

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 29th year (of the reign) of the glorious

king<lb/>Rājakēsarivarman, alias Śrī-Rājarājadēva, who, in his life

of growing strength,<lb/>during which,——(in) the belief that, as well as the goddess of

fortune, the goddess of the<lb/>great earth had become his wife,——he was pleased to destroy the

ships (at) Kāndaḷūr-<lb break="no"/>Śālai, and conquered by (his) army,

which was victorious in great battles, Vēṅgai-nāḍu,<lb/>Gaṅga-pāḍi, Nuḷamba-pāḍi,

Taḍigai-pāḍi, Kuḍamalai-nāḍu, Kollam, Kaliṅ-<lb break="no"/>gam, Īḻa-maṇḍalam,

(which was the country) of the warlike<ref t="3:7-12"/> Śiṅgaḷas, the seven and

a<pb n="3:8"/><lb/>half lakshas of Iraṭṭa-pāḍi, and twelve thousand ancient

islands of the sea,——deprived the<lb/>Śeḻiyas of (their) splendour at the very

moment when Udagai,<ref t="3:8-1"/> which is worshipped every-<lb break="no"/>where, was

(most) resplendent;——Kaṇṇaṉ Ārūraṉ, a native of Āvūr, (a

village) in<lb/>Āvūr-kūṟṟam, (a subdivision) of

Nittaviṉōda-vaḷanāḍu, (a district) of the country on<lb/>the southern bank

(of the Kāvērī) in Śōḷa-maṇḍalam, (and) a servant

(paṇimagaṉ) of the<lb/>lord Śrī-Rājarājadēva, caused to be constructed, in

the royal name of Śrī-Rājarāja-<lb break="no"/>dēva, a well (kiṇaṟu) and a

cistern (toṭṭi) on the high-road to the west of Ukkal,

alias<lb/>Śrī-Vikramābharaṇa-chaturvēdimaṅgalam, a village forming its own

subdivision<ref t="3:8-2"/><lb/>of Kāliyūr-kōṭṭam, (a district) of

Jayaṅkoṇḍa-Śōḷa-maṇḍalam.

(L. 6.) The same person assigned to those who draw water for the cistern from the well<lb/>of

Śrī-Rājarāja, 2 kuṟuṇi of paddy per day, (measured) by the

marakkāl (called after)<lb/>Arumoḻidēvaṉ,<ref t="3:8-3"/> i.e. 30

kalam of paddy for 6 months; to those who distribute water (in<lb/>the name of)

Śrī-Rājarāja, 2 kuṟuṇi of paddy per day, i.e. 30 kalam for 6

months; to those<lb/>who supply earthen pots for this water-shed (pandal), 2 tūṇi)

of paddy per month, i.e.<lb/>4 kalam of paddy for 6 months; and for the repair of

cracks in the well of Śrī-Rājarāja<lb/>and in the cistern, 2 kalam and 2

tūṇi of paddy per year; altogether, 66 kalam and 2<lb/>tūṇi of paddy.

(L. 9.) In order to (supply) this paddy, we, the assembly of this village,

having<lb/>received from him the revenue and the purchase-money, having exempted (the land

granted)<lb/>from taxes•••••

<h3>No. 5.——ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE SHRINE.</h3>

This inscription is dated in the 15th year of the reign of Kampavarman. The<lb/>archaic

alphabet employed in this record and in No. 8 below, which is dated in the 10th<lb/>year of the

same king, proves that Kampavarman must be anterior to the Chōḷa occupation<lb/>of

Toṇḍai-maṇḍalam. A stone inscription of the 9th year of the same king is quoted in

the<lb/>unpublished Madras Museum plates of Parakēsarivarman, alias

Uttama-Chōḷadēva.<ref t="3:8-4"/><lb/>The temple of Vīṟṟirunda-Perumāḷ at Dūśi

near Māmaṇḍūr in the Arcot tāluka contains a<lb/>fragmentary inscription of a king named

kō vijaya-Kampa-Vikramavarman.<ref t="3:8-5"/> The<lb/>fact that the two words

kō vijaya are prefixed to the name of this king, suggests that he<lb/>belonged to the same

family as kō vijaya-Narasiṁhavarman, Nr̥patuṅga-Vikramavarman

and<lb/>Nandi-Vikramavarman.<ref t="3:8-6"/> A later Kampa was the second of the five sons

of Saṁgama I.,<lb/>the founder of the first Vijayanagara dynasty.<ref t="3:8-7"/>

The inscription records that a certain Śaḍaiyaṉ made over 1,000 kāḍi<ref t="3:8-8"/> of paddy to the<lb/>villagers of Uṭkar, who pledged themselves to supply in

return 500 kāḍi of paddy per year<lb/>for some unspecified purpose.<pb n="3:9"/>

<hi>1 <gr>svasti śrī</gr> [||*] <ta>kampava</ta><gr>[r]mma</gr><ta>ṟku yāṇṭu

patin(ā)ñcāvatu [|*] uṭkar</ta> <gr>sabhai-</gr><lb/> <ta>yom eḻuttuccaṭaiyaṉ pakkal

āyirakkāṭi nel koṇ-</ta></hi>

<hi>2 <ta>ṭom [|*] ivvāyirakkāṭi nellālum palicai<ref t="3:9-1"/> aynnūṟṟukkāṭi

nel<lb/>āṭṭāṇṭu toṟum erikkaṭṭi ikuttuvippomāṉ(o)m</ta> <gr>sabhai-</gr></hi>

<hi>3 <ta>yem [|*] i[ta]ṉṟeṉṟār kaṅkai iṭai[kku]mari iṭai ceytār ceyta<lb/>pā[va]m

paṭuvārākappa[ṇit]tom [|*]</ta> <ref t="3:9-2"/> <gr>sambatsa</gr><ta>ravāriyapperumakkaḷe

aṭṭu-<lb break="no"/>vikka kaṭavā[r] [||*]</ta></hi>

<h1>TRANSLATION.</h1>

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the fifteenth year (of the reign) of

Kampavarman.<lb/>The writing of us, the assembly of Uṭkar. We have received one

thousand kāḍi of paddy<lb/>from Śaḍaiyaṉ.

(L. 2.) We, the assembly, shall close (the sluice of) the tank (to collect water

for<lb/>irrigation), and shall cause five hundred kāḍi of paddy to be supplied every

year as interest<lb/>on these one thousand kāḍi of paddy.

(L. 3.) We declare that those who disobey this, shall incur (all) the sins

committed<lb/>between the Gaṅgā and Kumari. The great men<ref t="3:9-3"/>

elected<ref t="3:9-4"/> for the year shall cause (the<lb/>paddy) to be supplied.

<h3>No. 6.——ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE SHRINE.</h3>

This inscription is dated in the 1[7]th year of the reign of Rājarāja, (alias)

Rāja-<lb break="no"/>kēsarivarman, and carries the list of his conquests as far as

Kaliṅgam. It appears to<lb/>record that the village assembly assigned a daily supply of

rice and oil to the temple of<lb/>Mahāśāstā.<ref t="3:9-5"/> Some words in lines 7, 9

and 10 cannot be read and explained satisfactorily.<lb/>A clause near the end of the inscription

imposes a fine on those who would sell betel else-<lb break="no"/>where but at the temple of

Piḍāri.<ref t="3:9-6"/>

<hi>1 <gr>svasti śrī</gr><ref t="3:9-7"/> [||*] <ta>tirumakaḷ polapperunilaccelviyuttaṉakke<ref t="3:9-8"/> urimai pūṇṭa-<lb break="no"/>ṉam<ref t="3:9-9"/> maṉakkoḷ kāntaḷur<ref t="3:9-10"/> [c]ālai kalama-</ta></hi>

<hi>2 <ta>ṟuttaruḷi veṅkainā[ṭu](m)ṅkaṅkapāṭiyum taṭikaipāṭiyum nuḷampapāṭiyum

kuṭa-<lb break="no"/>malaināṭum ko-</ta></hi>

<hi>3 <ta>llamum kaliṅkamum tiṇṭiṟal veṉṟittaṇṭāṟkoṇṭa taṉṉeḻil

vaḷaruḻi<lb/>ūḻiyū</ta><ref t="3:9-11"/><pb n="3:10"/></hi>

<hi>4 <ta>ellāyā[ṇṭu](m)nto[ḻu]takai viḷaṅkum yāṇṭe ceḻiñaraittecu

koḷ<lb/>kovi</ta><gr>rājarājarāja</gr><ta>ke</ta><gr>sarivanma</gr><ta>[r*]k-</ta></hi>

<hi>5 <ta>ki[yā]ṇṭu</ta> <gr>1[7]</gr> <ta>āvatu kāliyū[ṟk]oṭṭattu taṉ kūṟṟu</ta>

<gr>śivacūḷā</gr><ta>maṇi-<lb break="no"/>maṅkalamākiya</ta>

<gr>śrīvikramābharaṇaccatu[r]vve</gr><ta>timaṅ-</ta><ref t="3:10-1"/></hi>

<hi>6 <ta>kalattu iv[vā*]ṭṭai</ta> <gr>[dhanmav]ā</gr><ta>ri[ya]pperumakkaḷum

[u][ḷ*]ḷiṭṭa</ta> <gr>ma</gr><ta>hā</ta><gr>sa-<lb break="no"/>bhai</gr><ta>yom emmur<ref t="3:10-2"/> taṇṭalu(u)ṭaiyāṅkaḷ maka-</ta></hi>

<hi>7 <ta>ṉ nāramaka</ta>[ <ta>t</ta><gr>ra</gr><ta>kka</ta>] <ta>ṉ va[ppur]<ref t="3:10-3"/>

ki[ḻava]r ka</ta><gr>[nmi]</gr><ta>kaṉ [vakkuka]nteyārum em[mūr]<lb/>cāttakaṇattārum

[a]mpala[t*]til vaṭakkil</ta> <gr>m(ā)hāśā-</gr></hi>

<hi>8 <gr>stā</gr><ta>viṉ koyi[li*]l[e iru]n[tu] paṇitta eḻuttu [|*] em[mū]r</ta>

<gr>ma</gr><ta>hā-</ta><lb/> <gr>śāstā</gr><ta>vu[kku*] <ref t="3:10-4"/>t</ta><gr>riśandha</gr><ta>kkuppoḻtu irunāḻiyā[ka*]<ref t="3:10-5"/>

o[ru]nā[ḷai]kku<ref t="3:10-6"/><lb/>[aṟu]-</ta></hi>

<hi>9 <ta>nāḻi[kku]m <ref t="3:10-7"/>t</ta><gr>risasdhi</gr><ta>kkum p[o]tu</ta> <gr>20</gr>

<ta>.<ref t="3:10-8"/> eṇṇaiyāka [e]ṇṇai [cū]ḻ[ā]-<lb break="no"/>kke[y]<ref t="3:10-9"/>

iruceviṭaraikkumāka iva[mu]ri . m<ref t="3:10-10"/> miṭākai vi [ja]<ref t="3:10-11"/>

pakka<lb/>em[mūr]</ta></hi>

<hi>10 <ta>[ki]ḻa[m]aiyu[ṭaiya taṭṭū]r kiḻavaṉ caṭai[na]kka</ta><gr>śma</gr><ref t="3:10-12"/> <ta>makaṉ aruḷ</ta><gr>śma</gr><ta>nāṉa<ref t="3:10-13"/> eḻunū<ref t="3:10-14"/><lb/>mā[ṇiye ma]-</ta></hi>

<hi>11 <ta>ṅkalamiṭi [n]el[lu]ppiṭittuk[k]oṇṭum veṟṟilai vaṭṭil [uri]y ne-<lb break="no"/>llum veṟṟi-</ta></hi>

<hi>12 <ta>lai paṭali[k]ai[yā]l orupaṟṟu veṟṟilaiyūm<ref t="3:10-15"/> koṇiṭu<ref t="3:10-16"/> [i]ppa[ri] muṭṭā-<lb break="no"/>[m]e

ca</ta><gr>[ntr]ā</gr><ta>ti[t*]tavaṟce-</ta></hi>

<hi>13 <ta>yv[ā]kavum</ta> [|*] [ <ta>i</ta><gr>ddha</gr><ta>ṉ</ta>] <ta>mam

cāttakaṇattārey</ta> <gr>rakṣi</gr><ta>ppā[rā]kavum [|*] i[t*]-<lb break="no"/>ta[ṉ]-</ta></hi>

<hi>14 <ta>matat[tu]<ref t="3:10-17"/> vi•<ref t="3:10-18"/> niṉṟār

keṅkaiyiṭaikkumari[yiṭai]y paṭṭār ce-</ta></hi>

<hi>15 <ta>yta pā[va]m <ref t="3:10-19"/>pa[ṭa]v[ār]āka[vu]m [|*] iv[vū]ril [veṟṟi]lai

viṟpār<lb/>piṭāri koyililaṉ-</ta></hi>

<hi>16 <ta>ṟi viṟṟārai erivā[ri]-</ta></hi>

<hi>17 <ta>[ya]pperumakkaḷe</ta></hi>

<hi>18 <ta>[e]ri[k*]ku mutalāka kaḻa[ñ*][cu]</ta></hi>

<hi>19 <ta>[p]oṉ taṇṭatu[ko]-</ta><ref t="3:10-20"/></hi>

<hi>20 <ta>[ḷ]ṉappeṟuvāka-</ta></hi>

<hi>21 <ta>[vu]m [|*] ipparitu paṇi-</ta></hi>

<hi>22 <ta>tto[m]</ta> <ref t="3:10-21"/> <gr>ma</gr><ta>hā</ta><gr>[sa]bhai</gr><ta>yom

[|*]</ta> <gr>sabhai</gr><ta>yuḷḷiruntu paṇi keṭṭeḻu[ti]-<lb break="no"/>n[e]ṉ

ma</ta><gr>dhyasta-</gr><ref t="3:10-22"/></hi>

<hi>23 <ta>ṉ [veṟ]ṟikkuṟi n[ā*]l[ā*]yiravaṉ makaṉ taṉma[p]piriyaṉeṉ [||*] i<ref t="3:10-23"/> [||*]</ta><pb n="3:11"/></hi>

<h1>TRANSLATION.</h1>

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 1[7]th year (of the reign) of king

Rājarāja-<lb break="no"/>Rājakēsarivarman, who, in his long life<ref t="3:11-1"/> of

growing strength, during which,——(in) the<lb/>belief that, as well as the goddess of

fortune, the goddess of the great earth had become his<lb/>wife,——he was pleased to destroy the

ships (at) Kāndaḷūr-Śālai, and conquered by (his)<lb/>army, which was

victorious in great battles, Vēṅgai-nāḍu, Gaṅga-pāḍi, Taḍigai-<lb break="no"/>pāḍi,

Nuḷamba-pāḍi, Kuḍamalai-nāḍu, Kollam and Kaliṅgam,——deprived

the<lb/>Śeḻiñas of (their) splendour at the very moment when Udagai,

which is worshipped<lb/>everywhere, was (most) resplendent;——(the subjoined) document

was drawn up by (the<lb/>following persons) who were present in the temple of

Mahāśāstā, in the hall (ambalam) to<lb/>the north (of it): We, the great

assembly of Śivachūḷāmaṇimaṅgalam, alias Śrī-<lb break="no"/>Vikramābharaṇa-chaturvēdimaṅgalam, (a village) in its own subdivision

of Kāli-<lb break="no"/>yūr-kōṭṭam, including the great men elected for (the

management of) charities (?) during<lb/>this year;••••• in our village; and the

commissioners<ref t="3:11-2"/> (in charge<lb/>of the temple) of Śāttaṉ in our

village.

(L. 8.) To (the temple of) Mahāśāstā in our village, at each of the three

times of the<lb/>day<ref t="3:11-3"/> two nāḻi (of rice), i.e. on each day six

nāḻi; at each of the three times of the day, 20<lb/>••• of oil, i.e. (one)

āḻākku and two śeviḍu and a half of oil••••<lb/>••

(L. 9.) Aruḷś[ar]man, alias Eḻunū[ṟṟuvaṉ], the son of

Śaḍai[na]kkaś[ar]-<lb break="no"/>ma[n], the headman of [Taṭṭū]r, who is

(also) the headman of our village,••<lb/>•••• having taken paddy (in his hand) and

having taken (one) uri of paddy (on)<lb/>a betel-leaf tray (vaṭṭil) and one

bundle (?) of betel-leaves on a betel-leaf plate (paḍa-<lb break="no"/>ligai),——it shall

thus be done without fail as long as the moon and the sun exist.

(L. 13.) The commissioners (of the temple) of Śāttaṉ shall protect this

charity.<lb/>Those who cause obstruction to this charity, shall incur (all) the sins

committed between the<lb/>Gaṅgā and Kumari.

(L. 15.) The great men elected for (the supervision of) the tank shall be entitled

to<lb/>levy a fine of (one) kaḻañju of gold in favour of the tank-fund from those

betel-leaf sellers<lb/>in this village, who sell (betel-leaves) elsewhere but at the temple

of Piḍāri.

(L. 21.) Thus we, the great assembly, have ordered. Having been present in the<lb/>assembly and

having heard (their) order, I, the arbitrator Dharmapriyaṉ, the son

of<lb/>[Veṟ]ṟikkuṟi Nālāyiravaṉ, wrote (this). Prosperity !

<h3>No. 7.——ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE SHRINE.</h3>

This inscription is dated in the 16th year of the reign of “Kaṇṇaradēva, the

conqueror<lb/>of Kachchi (i.e. Kāñchīpura) and Tañjai (i.e.

Tañjāvūr).” Mr. Venkayya has identified<lb/>this king with Kr̥shṇa III. of the

Rāshṭrakūṭa dynasty (A.D. 940 and 956).<ref t="3:11-4"/>

At the end of each line, about fifteen syllables are built in. Hence the translation<lb/>remains

fragmentary. As far as it can be made out, the inscription appears to record that<lb/>the village

assembly ordered the land which had lapsed to it, to be sold, and imposed certain<lb/>conditions

and fines in connection with this arrangement.<pb n="3:12"/>

<hi>1 <gr>svasti śrī</gr><ref t="3:12-1"/> [||*] <ta>kacciyunta[ñ]caiyuṅkoṇṭa

śrīka</ta><gr>ṇṇarade</gr><ta>vaṟku yāṇṭu patiṉā-<lb break="no"/>[ṟā]vatu

kāliyūrkkoṭṭattuttaṉ kūṟṟucci[va]cū<ref t="3:12-2"/>•••••</ta></hi>

<hi>2 <gr>bhara</gr><ta>ṇaccutu</ta><gr>[rvve]</gr><ta>timaṅkalattu</ta><ref t="3:12-3"/>

<gr>sabhai</gr><ta>yom emmūrppuvaṉimāṇikkavi</ta><gr>ṣṇugr̥</gr><ta>ha-<lb break="no"/>ttu mukamaṇṭakattey kū[ṭi]yirun[tu]•••••</ta></hi>

<hi>3 <ta>yāvatu [|*] em[mū]rkkuṭikaḷ <ref t="3:12-4"/>emmurppaṭākaivaṭṭattu ku[ṭu]ppolai

m(o)-<lb break="no"/>ṟpaṭṭa nilaṅkaḷumaṟṟumepperppaṭṭaṉavum</ta><ref t="3:12-5"/>

<gr>sabhai madhya</gr><ta>[ma]•••<lb/>•••</ta></hi>

<hi>4 <ta>cu</ta><ref t="3:12-6"/> <gr>madhya</gr><ta>mmāykkiṭanta<ref t="3:12-7"/> nilaṅkaḷ

kuḻiva[ri]yeṟṟi [i]ṟai [i]ṟuppomeṉṟa<lb/>ku[ṭi]kaḷukku viṟṟukkuṭuppomākavum [|*]

ivviṟṟukkuṭutta</ta> <gr>bhū</gr><ta>mikaḷ emmu-<lb break="no"/>teṉṟu

epperppaṭṭāruṅkuṭuppolaiyum āvaṇamuṅkāṭṭa[p]peṟā[t]ārākavum<lb/>[|*] ipparicu

kāṭṭiṉa kuṭima[kkaḷai] ta•••••</ta></hi>

<hi>5 <ta>[cu]<ref t="3:12-8"/> poṉ</ta> <gr>sabhai</gr><ta>yome</ta>

<gr>daṇḍi</gr><ta>ppomākavum [|*] ittaṭu[t]ta kuṭimakkaḷai</ta><ref t="3:12-9"/><lb/>

<gr>dha[r]mmāsa</gr><ta>ṉattu nicati mey ve[ṟu nū]ṟṟeṭṭukkāṇam</ta>

<gr>daṇḍa</gr><ta>miṭappe[ṟu]vā-<lb break="no"/>rākavum [|*] <ref t="3:12-10"/>i</ta><gr>daṇḍa</gr><ta>miṭapp[o]ṅkuṭimakkaḷukku avapavvāṇṭu<ref t="3:12-11"/> vāriyañcey-<lb break="no"/>yum perumakkaḷey perāl

nicataṅkuṉṟippo[ṉ]•••••</ta></hi>

<hi>6 <ta>[i]pparicu</ta> <gr>śraddhā</gr><ta>ma[n]tar</ta><ref t="3:12-12"/>

<gr>daṇḍa</gr><ta>miṭṭārkku vārppal kuṭuttum tāṅkaḷey</ta><lb/>

<gr>daṇḍi</gr><ta>ttum āṭciyiṭaiyūṟu [tī]rttukkuṭārākila[v*][vā]ṇṭu

vāriyañ[ce]yyum<lb/>perumakkaḷaiyumey<ref t="3:12-13"/> veṟṟu vakai irupattunālu kāṇam</ta>

<gr>daṇḍa</gr><ta>miṭappeṟuvā-<lb break="no"/>rākavu[m] [|*]

itta</ta><gr>ṇḍa</gr><ta>ppaṭṭum avva āṇṭu<ref t="3:12-14"/>

vāri[ya]ñce[y]••<lb/>••••</ta></hi>

<h1>TRANSLATION.</h1>

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the sixteenth year (of the reign) of the

glorious<lb/>Kaṇṇaradēva who conquered Kachchi and Tañjai,——we, the

assembly of Śivachū-<lb/>[ḷāmaṇimaṅgalam, alias

Śrī-Vikramā]bharaṇa-chaturvēdimaṅgalam, (a village)<lb/>in its own

subdivision of Kāliyūr-kōṭṭam, being assembled in the front hall<ref t="3:12-15"/> of

the Pu-<lb break="no"/>vaṉimāṇikka-Vishṇugr̥ham in our village, [ordered] as

follows:——

(L. 3.) The inhabitants of our village••••• the land and every-<lb break="no"/>thing else that

is not the object of deeds of gift,<ref t="3:12-16"/> in the environs<ref t="3:12-17"/> of our

village••<lb/>•••• the common property (madhyama) of the assembly.

(L. 4.) We shall sell the land which has thus become the common property (of

the<lb/>assembly), to those inhabitants who promise to pay taxes on each kuḻi. No

persons shall be<lb/>allowed to produce deeds of gift or deeds of sale (āvaṇam) in order

to show that the land<lb/>thus sold belongs to themselves. We, the assembly, shall levy a fine

of•••<lb/>[kaḻañju] of gold••••• from those inhabitants who produce

such<lb/>(deeds).<pb n="3:13"/>

(L. 5.) Those inhabitants who do not submit to this, shall be liable to pay into

court<lb/>(dharmāsana) a fine of one hundred and eight kāṇam•••<ref t="3:13-1"/>per day. To each of<lb/>the inhabitants who have to pay this fine, the great men

elected for that year•••<lb/>••• (one) kuṉṟi of gold per day.

(L. 6.) If, through indifference, though••• was thus given to those who pay<lb/>the fine and

though they themselves have fined (them), they are not able to remove the ob-<lb break="no"/>stacles to the possession (āṭchi), the great men elected for that year shall

be liable to pay an<lb/>additional fine of twenty-four kāṇam. Though they are fined thus,

[the great men] elected<lb/>for that year•••••

<h3>No. 8.——ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE SHRINE.</h3>

This archaic inscription belongs to the 10th year of the same Kampavarman

whose<lb/>name occurred in No. 5 above, and records that Śaḍaiyaṉ, who was also

mentioned in No.<lb/>5, made over 400 kāḍi of paddy to the villagers of Uṭakal,

who pledged themselves to feed<lb/>two Brāhmaṇas daily from the interest, which amounted to 100

kāḍi of paddy per year.

<hi>1 <gr>svasti śrī</gr> [||*] <ta>kampava</ta><gr>[r]mma</gr><ta>ṟku yāṇṭu pattā[va]tu

<ref t="3:13-2"/>uṭkaṟ</ta><gr>[sa]bhai</gr><ta>yār[k*]ku<lb/>caṭaiya-</ta></hi>

<hi>2 <ta>ṉ kuṭutta nel nā[ṉū]ṟṟukkāṭi [|*] <ref t="3:13-3"/>ne[il]lālppoliūṭṭu

ā[ṇ]-</ta></hi>

<hi>3 <ta>ṭu va[r]ai nūṟṟukkāṭi kol<ref t="3:13-4"/> palicaiy[ā]l nicati iruvar

pirāma-</ta></hi>

<hi>4 <ta>ṇarai nilamum nāyaṟum uḷḷa [a]ḷavum ūṭṭu[v]omāṉo[m*] uṭ[ka]l</ta><lb/>

<gr>sabhai</gr><ta>yom [|*] iv-</ta></hi>

<hi>5 <ta>viru[n]tūṭṭu<ref t="3:13-5"/> mu[ṭṭi]l kaṅke<ref t="3:13-6"/> iṭaikkumari[yi*]ṭai

eḻunūṟṟukkātattūḷḷu-<lb break="no"/>[m]<ref t="3:13-7"/> ceytār ce[y*]ta [p]āvam

[pa]ṭuvo[mā*]ṉom</ta> <gr>sabhai</gr><ta>yom [||*]</ta></hi>

<h1>TRANSLATION.</h1>

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the tenth year (of the reign) of

Kampavarman,——<lb/>Śaḍaiyaṉ gave four hundred kāḍi of paddy to the assembly of

Uṭkal.

(L. 2.) From the interest<ref t="3:13-8"/> on this paddy, which amounts to one hundred

kāḍi of paddy<lb/>per year, we, the assembly of Uṭkal, shall feed two

Brāhmaṇas daily, as long as the earth<lb/>and the sun exist.

(L. 4.) If we fail in this feeding of guests, we, the assembly, shall incur (all) the

sins<lb/>committed within the seven hundred kādam<ref t="3:13-9"/> between the

Gaṅgā and Kumari.<pb n="3:14"/>

<h3>No. 9.——ON THE NORTH WALL OF THE MANDAPA.</h3>

This interesting record contains an order which Rājarāja I. issued at (his

capital)<lb/>Tañjāvūr on the 124th day of the 24th year of his reign, and which was

engrossed on the<lb/>143rd day of the same year. This order deals with defaulters of land revenue

in villages<lb/>held by Brāhmaṇas, Vaikhānasas and Jainas in the Chōḷa, Toṇḍai and

Pāṇḍya countries.<lb/>The villagers were authorized to confiscate and sell the land on

which no taxes had been<lb/>paid for two full years.

The royal order was written by the secretary Rājakēsarinallūr Kiḻavaṉ, or, as

he<lb/>is called in two of the Tañjāvūr inscriptions, Kāṟāyil Eḍuttapādam.<ref t="3:14-1"/> It was signed by<lb/>the chief secretary Mummuḍi-Chōḷa-Brahmamahārāja,

and by Mummuḍi-Chōḷa-<lb break="no"/>Bhōja. These two officers are mentioned in the

large Leyden grant<ref t="3:14-2"/> and in inscriptions<lb/>of the Tanjore temple.<ref t="3:14-3"/>

Their original names were Kr̥shṇa Rāma and Īrāyiravaṉ<lb/>Pallavayaṉ.

During the reign of Rājarāja I. they bore the titles Mummuḍi-Chōḷa-<lb break="no"/>Brahmamahārāja and Mummuḍi-Chōḷa-Bhōja, which are derived from Mummuḍi-Chōḷa,

a sur-<lb break="no"/>name of Rājarāja I. After the accession of Rājēndra-Chōḷa I.

they received the additional<lb/>titles Rājēndra-Chōḷa-Brahmamahārāja and

Uttama-Chōḷa-Pallavaraiyaṉ.<ref t="3:14-4"/>

<hi>1 <gr>svasti śrī</gr> [||*] <ta>tirumakaḷ pol pe[ru]nila[c*]cel[viyu]m taṉakke

[u]rimai<lb/>pūṇṭamai ma[ṉa]kkoḷ<ref t="3:14-5"/> kā[n*]taḷurcā[ra]lai<ref t="3:14-6"/>

kalama[ṟu]t[taru]ḷi veṅkai-<lb break="no"/>nāṭum kaṅkapāṭiyūm<ref t="3:14-7"/>

nuḷampapāṭiyuntaṭikaipāṭiyum kuṭamalai[nā]ṭu(m)-</ta></hi>

<hi>2 <ta>ṅkollamum kaliṅka[mu]m eṇṭicaiy pukaḻ taru īḻamaṇ(ṭa)ṭala[mu]m [i]la-<lb break="no"/>ṭṭapāṭi eḻarai ilakkamum tiṇṭiṟal veṉṟi[t*]taṇṭ[ā]ṟkkoṇ[ṭa]<lb/>ta[ṉ]

eḻil vaḷaruḻi<ref t="3:14-8"/> ellāyāṇṭum toḻutakai viḷa-</ta></hi>

<hi>3 <ta>ṅkum yāṇṭe ce[ḻi]narai tecū<ref t="3:14-9"/> koḷ śrīko</ta>

<gr>rājarāja</gr><ta>ke</ta><gr>sa</gr><ta>ri[va]</ta><gr>narā</gr><ta>na</ta><lb/>

<gr>śrīrājarājade</gr><ta>[va]rkku [y]āṇ[ṭu]</ta> <gr>24</gr> <ta>ā[va]tu nāḷ</ta> <ref t="3:14-10"/> <gr>[1]24</gr><ta>nāl<lb/>uṭaiyār</ta>

<gr>śrīrājarājarājade</gr><ta>var<ref t="3:14-11"/> tañcāvūrpperiyaceṇṭuvā-</ta></hi>

<hi>4 <ta>[yi]l[c]cittirakūṭattu teṟkkil kallū[riyil] e[ḻu]ntaruḷi iruntu co-<lb break="no"/>[ṇ]āṭṭum<ref t="3:14-12"/> co[ṇ]āṭṭu[p]paṭum<ref t="3:14-13"/>

pu[ṟa](ṇi)nāṭukaḷilum toṇṭaināṭṭi-<lb break="no"/>lu[m] pāṇṭināṭāna</ta>

<gr>rājarāja</gr><ta>vaḷanāṭṭilum pā[ppa]ṉ ūrkaḷilum vai</ta><gr>khā-</gr><lb/>

<ta>ṉa</ta><gr>sa</gr><ta>r ūrkaḷi-</ta></hi>

<hi>5 <ta>[lu]m</ta> <gr>savaṇṇara</gr><ref t="3:14-14"/> <ta>ūrkaḷilum kāṇi uṭai[yār]

yāṇṭu</ta> <gr>16</gr> <ta>āvatu [mu]tal</ta><lb/> <gr>23</gr> <ta>[ā]vatu varaiyil īrāṇṭu

nirampi [mū]vāṇṭu tantaṅkāṇiyāṉa<lb/>nila[ṅ]kaḷukku avvava ūr[ka]ḷilāroṭum

ūriṭuvarip[p]āṭu iṟai iṟātu<lb/>ponār kāṇi</ta></hi>

<hi>6 <ta>uṭaiyāraittavira ūrnilamāy a[vva]va ū(ra)rkaḷi[lār]e [viṟṟuk]koḷḷa[p]p[e-<lb break="no"/>ṟuvā]r[kaḷā]ka[vu]m [y]ā[ṇ]ṭu</ta> [ <gr>24</gr> <ta>āva</ta>] <ta>tu [mutal

īr]āṇṭu [ni]ram[pi<lb/>mū]vāṇṭu ūriṭuvarip[p]āṭu iṟai iṟātu poṉār kāṇi

uṭai-</ta><pb n="3:15"/></hi>

<hi>7 <ta>yāraittavira [a]vvava ūrkaḷilāre [vi]ṟṟukkoḷḷa[p]pe(ṟ)ṟu[v]ārkaḷākavume-<lb break="no"/>ṉṟu ipparicu tiruvāy moḻin-</ta></hi>

<hi>8 <ta>taruḷiṉapa[ṭi] tirumantiravolai</ta>

<gr>rāja</gr><ta>ke</ta><gr>sa</gr><ta>rinallūr kiḻavaṉ eḻuttiṉālum tiruman-<lb break="no"/>tiravolaināyakaṉ</ta></hi>

<hi>9 <ta>mummuṭico[ḻa]</ta><gr>brahma</gr><ta>mārāya[ṉu]m mummuṭicoḻap[o]caṉum

oppiṭṭuppuku</ta><gr>nta</gr><lb/> <ta>keḻvippaṭi</ta> <gr>24</gr> <ta>āvatu na</ta><ref t="3:15-1"/></hi>

<hi>10 <gr>143</gr><ta>ṉā[l va]riyilaṭuṭatu<ref t="3:15-2"/> [||*]</ta></hi>

<h1>TRANSLATION.</h1>

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! On the 124th day of the 24th year (of the reign) of the

glo-<lb break="no"/>rious king Rājarāja-Kēsarivarman, alias

Śrī-Rājarājadēva, who, (in) his life of growing<lb/>strength, during

which,——(in) the belief that, as well as the goddess of fortune, the goddess of<lb/>the

great earth had become his wife,——he was pleased to destroy the ships (at)

Kāndaḷūr-<lb break="no"/>Śālai, and conquered by (his) army, which was

victorious in great battles, Vēṅgai-nāḍu,<lb/>Gaṅga-pāḍi, Nuḷamba-pāḍi,

Taḍigai-pāḍi, Kuḍamalai-nāḍu, Kollam, Kaliṅ-<lb break="no"/>gam, Īḻa-maṇḍalam,

(the conquest of which) made (him) famous (in) the eight directions,<lb/>and

the seven and a half lakshas of Ilaṭṭa-pāḍi,——deprived the Śeḻinas

of (their) splendour<lb/>at the very moment when Udagai, which is worshipped

everywhere, was (most) resplen-<lb break="no"/>dent;——the lord

Śrī-Rājarājadēva, being graciously seated in the college (kallūri)<ref t="3:15-3"/> on<lb/>the south of the painted hall (chitra-kūṭa) at the great hippodrome

gate (periya-śeṇḍu-vāyil)<lb/>in Tañjāvūr, was pleased to order as

follows:——

(L. 4.) “(The land of) those landholders in villages of Brāhmaṇas, in villages of

Vaikhā-<lb break="no"/>nasas, and in villages of Śramaṇas (i.e. Jainas) in

Śōṇāḍu, in the adjacent districts included in<lb/>Śōṇāḍu, in

Toṇḍai-nāḍu, and in Pānḍi-nāḍu, alias

Rājarāja-vaḷanāḍu,<ref t="3:15-4"/> who have<lb/>not paid, on the land owned by them,

the taxes due from villages, along with the (other)<lb/>inhabitants of those villages, for

three years, (of which) two are completed, between the 16th<lb/>and the 23rd years (of my

reign), shall become the property of the village and shall be liable<lb/>to be sold by the

inhabitants of those villages to the exclusion of the (defaulting) landholders.<lb/>Also,

(the land of) those who have not paid the taxes due from villages for three years,

(of<lb/>which) two are completed, from the 24th year (of my reign), shall be liable

to be sold by the<lb/>inhabitants of those villages to the exclusion of the (defaulting)

landholders.”

(L. 8.) Accordingly, having been written by the royal secretary,

Rājakēsarinallūr<lb/>Kiḻavaṉ, and having been approved by the chief secretary,

Mummuḍi-Śōḻa-Brahma-<lb break="no"/>mārāyaṉ, and by

Mummuḍi-Śōḻa-Pōśaṉ, (this order) was engrossed from dictation on<lb/>the

143rd day of the 24th (year of the reign).

<h3>No. 10.——ON THE NORTH WALL OF THE MANDAPA.</h3>

This inscription is dated in the 4th year of the reign of Parakēsarivarman,

alias<lb/>Rājēndra-Chōḷadēva, and records that the villagers of Ukkal

sold 3000 kuḻi of land and<lb/>five water-levers<ref t="3:15-5"/> to a servant of the king,

who assigned this land for the maintenance of<lb/>two boats plying on the village tank.<ref t="3:15-6"/><pb n="3:16"/>

<hi>1 <gr>svasti śrī</gr> [||*] <ta>ko[p]parakecaripa</ta><gr>nma</gr><ta>rāṉa

śrīrāje</ta><gr>nti</gr><ta>ra[c]oḻa</ta><gr>de</gr><ta>vaṟku yāṇṭu</ta><lb/>

<gr>4</gr> <ta>āvatu [|*] jayaṅkoṇṭacoḻamaṇṭalattukkāliyūrkkoṭṭattutta-</ta></hi>

<hi>2 <ta>[ṉ] kūṟṟu ukkalākiya vikkira[m]āparaṇacca[tu]rvetimaṅkalattu</ta>

<gr>mahāsabhai</gr><ta>yom<lb/>nilavilaiyāvaṇakkaiyyeḻuttu [|*] uṭaiyār</ta>

<gr>śrīrā-</gr></hi>

<hi>3 <gr>j[e*]nti</gr><ta>racoḻatevar paṇimakaṉ

veṇkuṉṟakkoṭṭa[t]tuk[ku]vaḷaikoṭunāṭṭukku-<lb break="no"/>vaḷaikoṭāṉa

aṉavara[ta*]cu</ta><gr>nta</gr><ta>ra[nal]lūr[k]komuḻāṉ ar[ai]-</ta></hi>

<hi>4 <ta>[ya*]ṉ palatevaṉ emmur<ref t="3:16-1"/> erikku</ta> <gr>vai</gr><ta>tta o(ō)ṭam<ref t="3:16-2"/> iraṇṭiṉukkum<ref t="3:16-3"/> po-<lb break="no"/>kamāka viṟṟukkuṭutta

nilamāvatu [|*] paṉa</ta><gr>n</gr><ta>tūmpin kālvaḻi śrī[y]ārur<ref t="3:16-4"/>

kaḻa-<lb break="no"/>ṉiyil</ta> <gr>sa[bh]ai-</gr></hi>

<hi>5 <ta>ppotuvāykkiṭa</ta><gr>nta</gr> <ta>nilamaṇalīṭṭukku vaṭakkum melpāṟkellai

kuṭimakkaḷ<lb/>[pū]mikku kiḻakku vaṭapāṟkellai kuṭimakkaḷ iṟaippūmikkum</ta>

<gr>subrahmaṇya-</gr></hi>

<hi>6 <ta>[v]āykkālukku teṟku naṭuvu paṭṭa nilameṟku niṉṟu

a[ṭ]aiyappatiṉaṟucāṇ<lb/>kolāl <ref t="3:16-5"/>muvāyiraṅkuḻiyum melai [e]ri

etirvāyiṟkaḻumparuṭaiyār [mu]ṉ<lb/>o(ō)-</ta></hi>

<hi>7 <ta>ṭattukku koṇṭu vaitta ettanīkki itaṉukku kiḻakku añcettamum

viṟṟu<lb/>vilaiyāvaṇañceytu kuṭuttom [|*] irukālāvatu mukkālāvatu-</ta></hi>

<hi>8 <ta>m paṉa</ta><gr>n</gr><ta>tūmpiṉ kālvaḻi <ref t="3:16-6"/>śrīyārurkkaḻaṉiyil

maṇalīṭṭukku vaṭakku me[l]-<lb break="no"/>pāṟkellai kuṭimakkaḷ iṟaippūmikku kiḻakku

va[ṭa]pāṟkellai kuṭimak-</ta></hi>

<hi>9 <ta>kaḷ pūmikkum</ta> <ref t="3:16-7"/> <gr>subrihmaṇya</gr><ta>vāykkālukku teṟkum

meṟku [ni]ṉṟu a[ṭaiya]<lb/>patiṉaṟucāṇ kolāl <ref t="3:16-8"/>muvāyiraṅkuḻiyum melai

eri etirvāyiṟkaḻumpa-<lb break="no"/>[ruṭ]aiyār muṉ o-</ta></hi>

<hi>10 <ta>ṭattukku koṇṭu vaitta ettanikki<ref t="3:16-9"/> itaṉukku kiḻakku añcettamum

viṟṟu<lb/>[vilai]yāvaṇañcey[tu] kuṭuttu iṉnilattukku <ref t="3:16-10"/>vīlai</ta><gr>dravya</gr><ta>mum iṟai</ta><gr>dravya-</gr><lb/> <ta>mum

aṟakko-</ta></hi>

<hi>11 <ta>ṇṭu iṟaiyiliyāka viṟṟu vilaiyāvaṇañceytu kuṭutto[m*]</ta>

<gr>ma</gr><ta>hā</ta><gr>sa[bhai*]-</gr><lb/> <ta>yom [|*]

kuṟiyuḷḷiru</ta><gr>n</gr><ta>tu paṇi keṭṭeḻutiṉeṉ iv[vū]rkkaraṇattāṉ</ta><lb/>

<gr>madhyasta</gr><ta>ṉ</ta><ref t="3:16-11"/></hi>

<hi>12 <ta>poṟṟikkuṟi kāḷitevaṭiyāna i[ra*]ṇṭāyirattunā[nū]ṟṟuvaneṉ [|*] ivai<lb/>en

eḻuttu [||*]</ta></hi>

<h1>TRANSLATION.</h1>

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 4th year (of the reign) of king

Parakēsarivarman,<lb/>alias Śrī-Rājēndra-Śōḻadēva. The

hand-writing, (referring to) a deed of sale (vilaiy-<lb break="no"/>āvaṇam) of

land, of us, the great assembly of Ukkal, alias Vikramābharaṇa-chatur-<lb break="no"/>vēdimaṅgalam, (a village) in its own subdivision of

Kāliyūr-kōṭṭam, (a district)

of<lb/>Jayaṅkoṇḍa-Śōḻa-maṇḍalam.

(L. 2.) The following land was sold for the maintenance of two boats (ōḍam) which

had<lb/>been assigned to the tank in our village by Kōmuḻāṉ Arai[ya]ṉ Baladēvaṉ, a

servant of<lb/>the lord Śrī-Rājēndra-Śōḻadēva (and a native) of

Kuvaḷaikōḍu, alias Anavara[ta]-<lb break="no"/>sundaranallūr, (a

village) in Kuvaḷaikōḍu-nāḍu, (a subdivision) of Veṇkuṉṟa-<lb break="no"/>kōṭṭam.<pb n="3:17"/>

(L. 4.) We have sold, and executed a deed of sale for, (1) three thousand

kuḻi,——<lb/>(measured) by a rod of sixteen spans (śāṇ), beginning (to

measure) from the west,——of land,<lb/>which was the common property of the assembly, (which

belonged) to the field (kaḻaṉi) of<lb/>Śrīyārūr on the channel of the

‘Palmyra sluice’ (Paṉan-dūmbu), (and) which was situated<lb/>to the north of a heap of

sand, to the east of the land of the villagers, and to the south of<lb/>the land (paying)

taxes to the villagers and of the Subrahmaṇya channel, and (2) five

levers<lb/>(ēttam) to the east of this (land), excluding a lever on the open

side<ref t="3:17-1"/> of the tank in the<lb/>west, which Kaḻumbar-uḍaiyār had

previously purchased and assigned for (the maintenance<lb/>of) a boat.

(L. 7.) Twice as follows, and three times as follows.<ref t="3:17-2"/>

(L. 10.) Having received in full the purchase-money and the revenue of this land, we,<lb/>the

great assembly, sold (it) free of taxes and executed a deed of sale.

(L. 11.) Having been present in the assembly<ref t="3:17-3"/> and having heard (their)

order, I, the<lb/>accountant (and) arbitrator of this village, Poṟṟikkuṟi

Kāḷidēvaḍi, alias Iraṇḍāyirat-<lb break="no"/>tunāṉūṟṟuvaṉ, wrote

(this). This is my writing.

<h3>No. 11.——ON THE NORTH WALL OF THE MANDAPA.</h3>

This inscription is dated in the 16th year of the reign of the ancient Chōḷa

king<lb/>Parakēsarivarman,<ref t="3:17-4"/> and records that the villagers granted

certain land to the temple, at<lb/>the request and with the approval of the temple manager,

Chakrapāṇi Nambi (ll. 3 and<lb/>10).

<hi>1 <gr>svaśrī<ref t="3:17-5"/> śrī</gr> [||*]

<ta>kopparakecaripa</ta><gr>[nma]</gr><ta>ṟkiyāṇṭu</ta> <gr>16</gr> <ta>āvatu

kāliyūrkkoṭṭa-</ta></hi>

<hi>2 <ta>ttuttaṉ kūṟṟu civacūḷāmaṇimaṅkalammākiya</ta> <ref t="3:17-6"/>

<gr>śrīvikramāparaṇaśatu[r]vvedi</gr><ta>[ma]ṅka-<lb break="no"/>lattu</ta></hi>

<hi>3 <ta>••<ref t="3:17-7"/>puvaṉimāṇikkavi</ta><gr>ṣṇuśra</gr><ta>ttuḷ<ref t="3:17-8"/>

perumāṉ aṭikaḷukku</ta> <gr>śrīkā</gr>[ <gr>ryya</gr><ta>ñ</ta>] <ta>cey[ki]-<lb break="no"/>ṉṟa</ta> <ref t="3:17-9"/> <gr>śakra[p]āṇi</gr> <ta>nam[pi]

viṇṇappat[ti]ṉāl</ta></hi>

<hi>4 <gr>samvatsaravāri</gr><ta>yap[p]e[ru]makkaḷum

erivā</ta><gr>ri</gr><ta>[ya*]p[p]erumakkaḷmaḻaḷḷiṭṭa</ta><ref t="3:17-10"/>

<gr>ma</gr><ta>h[ā*]-</ta><lb/> <gr>sabhaiyom</gr> <ta>em[mū]r

puvanim[ā*]ṇikka[vi]</ta><gr>ṣṇuśa</gr><ta>ha</ta><gr>ttatta</gr><ref t="3:17-11"/>

<ta>pecamānaṭi-</ta></hi>

<hi>5 <ta>kaḷukku

[ha]vanat</ta><gr>[tu]</gr><ta>kku</ta><gr>nti</gr><ta>[ru]pu</ta><gr>tsa</gr><ta>vat</ta><gr>tu</gr><ta>kkum<ref t="3:17-12"/> uttara</ta><gr>ma</gr><ta>yana[mu]m [yū]ṭṭima[ya]na-<lb break="no"/>[mu]m<ref t="3:17-13"/> [citta]yavi</ta><gr>ṣu</gr><ta>vum ai[p*]pacivi</ta><gr>ṣu</gr><ta>vum</ta>

<gr>sū[ryya]gra</gr><ta>haṇamum</ta> <gr>soma-</gr></hi>

<hi>6 <gr>gra</gr><ta>haṇamumaṟṟu</ta>

<gr>[pr]āyaści</gr><ta>ttatirumañaṇaṅka[ḷu]maṟṟu<ref t="3:17-14"/> e[p]perppaṭṭa

kucakkalam<lb/>epperppaṭṭa kucak[ka]••</ta><pb n="3:18"/></hi>

<hi>7 <ta>ṟai vaṟuppata[ṟ]ku vaitta pūmi it</ta><gr>de</gr><ta>var ūrāṉa

[c]otiyampākkattu ūriṉ<lb/>melai putu[ttiru]ttil a[r][aiyum*]</ta></hi>

<hi>8 <ta>pu[ḷiya]ñce[ṟuvi]ṟa[t]eṟkkila[r]aiyum [cuvapa]lakollaiyil veḷkekkālu[k*]ku<ref t="3:18-1"/><lb/>meṟku oṉṟarai nila[m]••</ta></hi>

<hi>9 <gr>sa</gr><ta>vattil<ref t="3:18-2"/> eḻu n[āḷum] nāl[va]ṟ[ku] koṟ•

vatākavu[māṭṭ]ai [pū]</ta><gr>jai</gr><lb/> <ta>[ar]aikkaḻaiñcum [|*] ippa</ta>[

<hi>10 <gr>bhai</gr> <ta>paṇi o[ṭṭikkuṭut]teṉ</ta> [ <ta>ca</ta><gr>kra</gr>] <ta>pāṇi

[nam]piyeṉ [|*] [i]</ta><gr>dhimma<ref t="3:18-3"/> + [||*]</gr></hi>

<h1>TRANSLATION.</h1>

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 16th year (of the reign) of king

Parakēsarivar-<lb break="no"/>man, we, the great assembly, including the great men

elected for the year and the great<lb/>men elected for (the supervision of) the tank,

(being assembled) in the Puvaṉimāṇikka-<lb break="no"/>Vishṇugr̥ham at

Śivachūḷāmaṇimaṅgalam, alias Śrī-Vikramābharana-chatur-<lb break="no"/>vēdimaṅgalam, (a village) in its own subdivision of

Kāliyūr-kōṭṭam, assigned, at the<lb/>request of Chakrapāṇi Nambi, the

manager of the temple, to the god of the Puvani-<lb break="no"/>māṇikka-Vishṇugr̥ham

in our village (the following) land, for burnt oblations (havana),<lb/>for festivals

(utsava), (for) expiations (prāyaśchitta) and the bathing of the idol

(tirumañ-<lb break="no"/>jana) at the winter solstice, at the solstice in Āḍi,

at the equinox in Śittirai, at the equinox<lb/>in Aippaśi, at eclipses of the sun, and at

eclipses of the moon, and for burning all kinds<lb/>of pots and all kinds of•••••

(L. 7.) Half (a measure) of land in the ‘Fresh clearing’ (Pudu-ttiruttu) on the

west of<lb/>the village of [Śō]diyambākkam, which is a village (belonging to)

this god; half (a<lb/>measure) on the south of the ‘Tamarind field’ (Puḷiyañ-jeṟuvu);

(and) one and a half (measure)<lb/>on the west of the inundation channel

(veḷḷakkāl) in the field (kollai) of [Svaba]la.

(L. 9.) At the festival, on seven days, to four persons•••••<lb/>and (for) the annual

worship, half a kaḻañju. I, Chakrapāṇi Nambi, approve of this<lb/>order of the

assembly.

(L. 10.) This charity, etc.<ref t="3:18-4"/>

<h3>No. 12.——ON THE WEST WALL OF THE MANDAPA.</h3>

This inscription is dated in the 37th year of the reign of “Parakēsarivarman,<lb/>the

conqueror of Madirai (Madhurā),” i.e. of the Chōḷa king Parāntaka

I.,<ref t="3:18-5"/> who reigned<lb/>from about A.D. 900 to 940.<ref t="3:18-6"/> It records that

the villagers granted to the temple the<lb/>village of Śōdiyambākkam, which was

situated to the north of their own village.<lb/>Śōdiyambākkam<ref t="3:18-7"/> still bears the

same name and lies 3(1/4) miles north of Ukkal.

In the preceding inscription (No. 11, l. 7), which belongs to the 16th year of Parakē-<lb break="no"/>sarivarman, Śōdiyambākkam is designated as ‘a village (belonging to) this god,’

i.e. to<lb/>the Vishṇu temple at Ukkal. At first sight it might be concluded from this that

No. 11 is<lb/>of later date than No. 12, and consequently, Parakēsarivarman one of the successors

of Parān-<lb break="no"/>taka I. On the other hand, it is but natural to assume that Parāntaka I.

prefixed the title<lb/>Madirai-koṇḍa to his name Parakēsarivarman, in order to

distinguish it from earlier Chōḷa kings<lb/>named Parakēsarivarman, and that any

Parakēsarivarman who succeeded Parāntaka I.<pb n="3:19"/><lb/>would have followed the example of

the latter and adopted a similar distinguishing epithet.<lb/>Hence I believe that the inscriptions

of Parakēsarivarman<ref t="3:19-1"/> belong to an earlier king than<lb/>Parāntaka I. The

subjoined inscription would then record a mere renewal or confirmation of<lb/>the gift of the

village of Śōdiyambākkam, which had already belonged to the temple in the<lb/>time of

Parakēsarivarman.

<hi>1 <gr>svasti śrī</gr> [||*] <ta>matirai koṇṭa

kopparake</ta><gr>sa</gr><ta>ripa</ta><gr>[r]mma</gr><ta>ṟku yāṇṭu muppa[tt]e-<lb break="no"/>ḻāvatu kāliyūrkkoṭṭattuttaṉ

kūṟṟuccivacūḷā[maṇi]ma[ṅ]ka[la]māki[ya]</ta><ref t="3:19-2"/><lb/>

<gr>śrīvikra-</gr></hi>

<hi>2 <gr>mābhara</gr><ta>ṇacca</ta><gr>turvvedima[ṅ]ga</gr><ta>lattu</ta>

<gr>sabhai</gr><ta>yom [|*] <ref t="3:19-3"/>emmūrppuvaṉi[m]āṇikkavi</ta><gr>ṣṇu-<lb break="no"/>gr̥</gr><ta>hattupperumāṉaṭikaḷukku</ta> <gr>devabhoga</gr><ta>mā-</ta></hi>

<hi>3 <ta>ka ivar muṉṉuṭaiya periya na</ta><gr>nta</gr><ta>vāṉamuṭpaṭa emmūr

vaṭapiṭākaiccotiyam-<lb break="no"/>pākkamāṉa ūru[m] ūrirukkaiyum eriyu-</ta></hi>

<hi>4 <ta>naṉceyyum puṉceyyum vaḷaiyiṟcuṟṟu uṭumpoṭi āmai tavaḻntatepperp-<lb break="no"/>paṭṭatum [i]ppuvaṉimāṇik-</ta></hi>

<hi>5 <ta>kavi</ta><gr>ṣṇugr̥</gr><ta>hat[tu]pperumāṉaṭikaḷukku

ārā</ta><gr>dhi</gr><ta>ppārkkum</ta>

<gr>a[r]cca</gr><ta>nā</ta><gr>bhoga</gr><ta>ttukku</ta><gr>ntri-<lb break="no"/>kāla</gr><ta>nti[ru]va</ta><gr>mr̥</gr><ta>tukkum iraṇṭu

no</ta><gr>[nt]ā</gr><ta>viḷakku[kku*]m</ta> <gr>sa[ndhi]</gr><ta>kaḷil</ta>

<hi>6 <ta>m[ā]lai[ka]ḷukkum tiruvu</ta><gr>tsa</gr><ta>vattukkum [a]yaṉamum</ta>

<gr>viṣuvu</gr><ta>m</ta> <ref t="3:19-4"/> <gr>gr̥</gr><ta>haṇamum</ta> <gr>snapa-<lb break="no"/>na</gr><ta>ñce[y]vatākavum</ta>

<gr>śrībali</gr><ta>kkuntiruvuṇṇāḻikaippuṟamaṟṟumep-</ta></hi>

<hi>7 <ta>perppaṭṭatukkun</ta><gr>d[e]vabhoga</gr><ta>māvatākavum [|*] ivvūr [cu]ṭṭi

epperppaṭṭa<lb/>iṟaiyuṅkāṭṭappeṟātomākavum [|*] ivvūr eṟiṉa kuṭikaḷai</ta>

<gr>sabhā</gr><ta>niyo-</ta><lb/> <gr>ga</gr><ta>tt[ā]l</ta> <ref t="3:19-5"/>

<gr>samvatsara-</gr></hi>

<hi>8 <ta>vāriyañceyvomum e[ri]vāriyañceyvomum toṭṭavāriyañceyvomum i-<lb break="no"/>kkuṭikaḷai veṭṭi[yu]m veti[ḷai]yum vālakkāṇamum

koḷḷappeṟātom[ā]-</ta></hi>

<hi>9 <ta>kavum [|*] ivvūrkkuṭika[ḷai]kkuṟṟan</ta><gr>doṣa</gr><ta>maṉṟu[p]āṭu</ta><ref t="3:19-6"/> <gr>de</gr><ta>varey</ta> <gr>[da]ṇḍi</gr><ta>ttukkoḷ-<lb break="no"/>vatākavum

[|*] oṭṭikkuṭut[tu]</ta> <ref t="3:19-7"/> <gr>ślālekhai</gr> <ta>ceytu eḻuttu

veṭṭikkuṭu-<lb break="no"/>ttom</ta> <gr>sa-</gr></hi>

<hi>10 <gr>bhai</gr><ta>yom [|*] ita[ṉ]ṟe[ṉ]ṟu iṟa[k*][ka] <ref t="3:19-8"/>nikā</ta><gr>ntya</gr><ta>ñco[ṉ]ṉom kaṅ-<lb break="no"/>kai iṭaikkumari

iṭaicceytār ceyta pāva[ṅ]koḷv[ā]rākavum<ref t="3:19-9"/>

[|*]<lb/>itaṟ[ti]ṟampi[ṉom]e</ta> <gr>śraddhāma[nda]-</gr></hi>

<hi>11 <ta>r[e]y mey veṟu nicati nūṟṟeṭ[ṭukkā]ṇan[ta]ṇṭappaṭa oṭṭikkuṭuttom</ta><lb/>

<gr>sabhai</gr><ta>yom [|*] i</ta><gr>ssabhai</gr><ta>yuḷḷiru</ta><gr>n</gr><ta>tu</ta>

<gr>sabh[ai]</gr><ta>yār paṇippaveḻu[ti]ṉ[eṉ]<lb/>ivvūr</ta> <gr>maddhya[stha]</gr><ta>ṉ

[po]ṟṟikkuṟi</ta> <gr>brahmapriya</gr><ta>[ṉ][eṉ ||*]</ta></hi>

<h1>TRANSLATION.</h1>

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the thirty-seventh year (of the reign) of king

Parakē-<lb break="no"/>sarivarman who conquered Madirai,——we, the assembly of

Śivachūḷāmaṇimaṅgalam,<lb/>alias

Śrī-Vikramābharaṇa-chaturvēdimaṅgalam, (a village) in its own

subdivision<lb/>of Kāliyūr-kōṭṭam, (ordered as follows):——

(L. 2.) To the god of the Puvaṉimāṇikka-Vishṇugr̥ham in our village

shall<lb/>belong, as a divine gift (dēva-bhōga), the village called

Śōdiyambākkam, a hamlet (piḍāgai)<pb n="3:20"/><lb/>to the north of our

village,——including the great flower-garden which belonged to this<lb/>(temple)

previously,——the site of the village,<ref t="3:20-1"/> the tank, the wet land, the dry land,

and<lb/>everything within (its) limits, on which the iguana runs and the tortoise

crawls,<ref t="3:20-2"/> for the<lb/>worshippers of the god of this

Puvaṉimāṇikka-Vishṇugr̥ham, for the requirements of<lb/>the worship, for oblations

(tiruvamr̥du) at the three times (of the day),<ref t="3:20-3"/> for two

perpetual<lb/>lamps, for rows of lamps at twilight, for festivals, for the bathing (of the

idol) at solstices,<lb/>equinoxes and eclipses, for offerings (śrībali), (for)

supplies<ref t="3:20-4"/> to the store-room<ref t="3:20-5"/> of the temple,<lb/>and for all other

purposes.

(L. 7.) We shall not be entitled to levy any kind of tax from this village. We,

(the<lb/>great men) elected for the year, we, (the great men) elected for (the

supervision of) the tank,<lb/>and we, (the great men) elected for (the supervision

of) gardens, shall not be entitled to claim,<lb/>at the order of the assembly, forced labour

(veṭṭi),<ref t="3:20-6"/> vēdi[ḷai] and vālakkāṇam from the inha-<lb break="no"/>bitants settled in this village.

(L. 9.) (If) a crime (or) sin becomes public, the god (i.e. the temple

authorities) alone<lb/>shall punish the inhabitants of this village (for it). Having agreed

(thus), we, the assembly,<lb/>engraved (this) on stone.<ref t="3:20-7"/>

(L. 10.) If we utter the untruth that this is not (as stated above), in order to

injure<lb/>(the charity), we shall incur (all) the sins committed between the

Gaṅgā and Kumari. We,<lb/>the assembly, agree to pay a fine of one hundred and

eight kāṇam per day, if we fail in this<lb/>through indifference<ref t="3:20-8"/>•••<ref t="3:20-9"/>

(L. 11.) Having been present in this assembly, I, the arbitrator of this village, [Po]ṟ-<lb break="no"/>ṟikkuṟi Brahmapriyaṉ, wrote (this) at the order of the assembly.

<h3>No. 13.——ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE MANDAPA.</h3>

This inscription is dated in the 17th year of the reign of the ancient Chōḷa king

Rāja-<lb break="no"/>kēsarivarman. It was meant to record some decision of the village

assembly, but was<lb/>left unfinished for unknown reasons.

<hi>1 <gr>svasti śrī<ref t="3:20-10"/> [||*] ko rājakesariva[r]mma</gr><ta>ṟ</ta><gr>ku</gr>

<ta>yāṇṭu</ta> <gr>17</gr> <ta>āvatu nāḷ</ta> <gr>[1]22</gr><lb/>

<ta>i</ta><gr>nnā</gr><ta>ḷāl</ta> <gr>śrīvikramābharaṇaccatu[r]vvetimaṅ-</gr></hi>

<hi>2 <gr>kalattu</gr><ref t="3:20-11"/> <ta>ivvāṭṭai</ta> <ref t="3:20-12"/>

<gr>[sa]mvatsaravāri</gr><ta>yapperumakkaḷum <ref t="3:20-13"/>ekivāriyapperum</ta><gr>[bha]</gr><ta>ṭ-<lb break="no"/>ṭarka[ḷu]m</ta>

<hi>3 <gr>ṣṭa</gr><ta>rkaḷumuḷḷi[ṭṭa*]</ta> <gr>mahāsabhai</gr><ta>yom[m]e[m*]mūr

puvaṉimāṇikkavi</ta><gr>ṣṇ[u]gr̥</gr><ta>hat-<lb break="no"/>te kūṭa

irun</ta><gr>tu</gr><lb/>••••••••••••••<pb n="3:21"/></hi>

<h1>TRANSLATION.</h1>

Hail ! Prosperity ! On the 122nd day of the 17th year (of the reign) of king

Rājakē-<lb break="no"/>sarivarman,——we, the great assembly of

Śrī-Vikramābharaṇa-chaturvēdimaṅga-<lb break="no"/>lam,——including the great men

elected for this year, the great Bhaṭṭas elected for (the<lb/>supervision of) the

tank, and (all other) distinguished men,——being assembled on this day in<lb/>the

Puvaṉimāṇikka-Vishṇugr̥ham in our village,•••••

<h3>No. 14.——ON THE SOUTH WALL OF THE MANDAPA.</h3>

This inscription is dated in the 4th year of the reign of “Parakēsarivarman

who<lb/>deprived Vīra-Pāṇḍya of his head.”<ref t="3:21-1"/> This king may be

identified with Āditya II.<lb/>surnamed Karikāla, the elder brother of

Rājarāja I., who, according to the large Leyden<lb/>grant (l. 58), “as a boy, played sportively

in battle with Vīra-Pāṇḍya.”

The inscription records that a cultivator named Śēṉai granted one paṭṭi<ref t="3:21-2"/> of land, from<lb/>the proceeds of which water and fire-pans<ref t="3:21-3"/> had to be

supplied to a maṇḍapa frequented<lb/>by Brāhmaṇas.

<hi>1 <gr>svasti śrī [||*] vīrapā</gr><ta>ṇaṭiyaṉaittalai koṇṭa</ta>

<gr>ko</gr><ta>p[para]</ta><gr>kesaripanma</gr><ta>ṟ[ku] yā-<lb break="no"/>ṇṭu nālāvatu

kāliyū</ta><gr>r</gr><ta>k[k]oṭṭattu taṉ <ref t="3:21-4"/>kūṟṟuccīvacūḷāmaṇimaṅkalamākiya</ta><lb/><ref t="3:21-5"/>

<gr>śīvikramā[bha]ra</gr><ta>[ṇacca]tu</ta><gr>[rvv]e</gr><ta>timaṅka[lattu] iruntu

vāḻum</ta></hi>

<hi>2 <ref t="3:21-6"/> <ta>veṉaḷāḷaṉ ci[kk]āruṭ[aiy]āṉ puliyaṉ makaṉ ceṉai

taṉak[ku]</ta> <gr>dharmm[ārttha]-</gr><lb/> <ta>m[ā]ka i[v*]vū[r*]</ta>

<gr>brahmasthā</gr><ta>ṉatte āṟu mā</ta><gr>sa</gr><ta>ṉ<ref t="3:21-7"/>

taṇṇīraṭṭuvatākavum<lb/>āṟu mā</ta><gr>sam agniṣṭai</gr><ref t="3:21-8"/>

<ta>iṭuva[t]ākavum maṇṭatattu<ref t="3:21-9"/> t[o]ṭṭi mū[ṉṟey]<ref t="3:21-10"/><lb/>etta[m eṭuppa]tākavum i</ta><gr>tdha[r]mma</gr><ta>ttuk</ta>[ <ta>ku</ta>

<gr>ca</gr>] <gr>ndrā</gr><ta>tittavat niṟka vaitta</ta></hi>

<hi>3 <gr>bhūmi</gr> <ta>va[ḷai]yiliṟpaṭṭi nilamum [|*] [a]vvava</ta> <ref t="3:21-11"/>

<gr>samvatsara</gr><ta>ṅkaḷil</ta> <gr>grāmakā[r]yyam</gr><lb/> <ta>tirut[tum

p]e[ru]makkaḷ<ref t="3:21-12"/> [i]t</ta><gr>dha[r]mma</gr><ta>ṅkaṭaikkāṇpatāka[vu][m |*]

i[ta]ṟ-<lb break="no"/>k[ku]</ta> <gr>virodha</gr><ta>[niṉ]ṟār</ta> <ref t="3:21-13"/>

<gr>ge[ṅ]gāganyā[nta]</gr><ta>rattiṟc[e]ytār ceyta pā[va]t-<lb break="no"/>tiṟpaṭu[v]ārākavu[m] [|*] [i]ppa[ricu] vaiytt[e]ṉ ceṉaiy[e]ṉ

[|*]<lb/>[i]tuk[ku]</ta> <gr>virodhi</gr><ta>[ttā]ṉ iru[pat]tañ-</ta><ref t="3:21-14"/></hi>

<hi>4 <ta>kaḻañcu [p]oṉ</ta> <gr>da</gr><ta>ṇṭamiṭappeṟuvatāka[vu]m [||*]</ta></hi>

<h1>TRANSLATION.</h1>

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the fourth year (of the reign) of king

Parakēsari-<lb break="no"/>varman who deprived Vīra-Pāṇḍya of (his)

head,——Śēṉai, (who was) the son of the<lb/>cultivator (Veḷḷāḷaṉ)

Śi[kk]ār-uḍaiyāṉ Puliyaṉ (and) who resided at Śivachūḷāmaṇi-<lb break="no"/>maṅgalam, alias Śrī-Vikramābharaṇa-chaturvēdimaṅgalam,

(a village) in its own<lb/>subdivision of Kāliyūr-kōṭṭam, assigned (one)

paṭṭi of land in the neighbourhood, to last as<pb n="3:22"/><lb/>long as the moon and the

sun, for his own merit (and) for the meritorious purpose of sup-<lb break="no"/>plying to

the Brahmasthāna in this village water during six months and fire-pans

(agnishṭhā)<lb/>during six months and of constructing a water-lever in front of the

cistern at the maṇḍapa.<ref t="3:22-1"/>

(L. 3.) The great men who manage the affairs of the village in each year, shall super-<lb break="no"/>vise this charity. Those who cause obstruction to this, shall incur (all) the

sins committed<lb/>between the Gaṅgā and Kanyā.<ref t="3:22-2"/> Under these

conditions, I, Śēṉai, assigned (the land).<lb/>He who obstructs this, shall be

liable to pay a fine of twenty-five kaḻañju of gold.

<h1>II.——INSCRIPTIONS AT MELPADI.</h1>

Mēlpāḍi,<ref t="3:22-3"/> which I visited in 1889, is a village six miles north of

Tiruvallam in the<lb/>North Arcot district. The antiquity of the place is established by the

Karhāḍ plates of the<lb/>Rāshṭrakūṭa king Kr̥shṇa III., who in

A.D. 959 was encamped at Mēlpāṭī.<ref t="3:22-4"/> About a<lb/>mile west of Mēlpāḍi

is the hill of Vaḷḷimalai, an ancient site of Jaina worship.<ref t="3:22-5"/>

Mēlpāḍi contains two temples of Śiva, the larger of which, Sōmanāthēśvara, is

still<lb/>used, while the other, Chōḷēśvara, is deserted. I publish below four

inscriptions of the<lb/>Chōḷēśvara temple (Nos. 15 to 18) and one of the Sōmanāthēśvara

temple (No. 19). Of<lb/>these, four belong to the reign of the Chōḷa king

Rājarāja I. (Nos. 15, 16, 17 and 19) and<lb/>one to the reign of his son

Rājēndra-Chōḷa I. (No. 18). From three of them (Nos. 15, 16<lb/>and 17) we learn that

the Chōḷēśvara temple was built by Rājarāja I. himself. Hence it

is<lb/>contemporaneous with the great temple at Tañjāvūr.<ref t="3:22-6"/> The ancient

name of the Chōḷēśvara<lb/>temple was Aṟiñjigai-Īśvara (Nos. 15 and 16) or

Aṟiñjīśvara (Nos. 17 and 18). The<lb/>first part of this compound is probably a

corruption of Ariṁjaya,<ref t="3:22-7"/> the name of Rājarāja's<lb/>grandfather.<ref t="3:22-8"/> Rājarāja is said to have built the temple “as a resting-place (?) for the

king<lb/>who fell asleep (i.e. died) at Āṟṟūr” (Nos. 15, 16 and 17). If I am

correct in deriving the<lb/>name of the temple from Ariṁjaya, it would follow that the same king

is meant by the<lb/>expression “the king who died at Āṟṟūr.” According to No. 19, the ancient

name of the<lb/>Sōmanāthēśvara temple was Chōḷēndrasiṁhēśvara.<ref t="3:22-9"/>

Mēlpāḍi bore the two names Mēṟpāḍi (Nos. 15 to 18) and

Rājāśrayapuram (Nos. 15<lb/>to 19). The second designation has to be derived from one

of the surnames of Rājarāja<lb/>I.<ref t="3:22-10"/> The same applies to the names of

two streets of Mēlpāḍi, viz. “the high-street of<lb/>Mummaḍi-Chōḷa”<ref t="3:22-11"/> (No. 15) and “the high-street of Arumoḻidēva”<ref t="3:22-12"/> (No.

19).<lb/>Mēlpāḍi belonged to Tūy-nāḍu (Nos. 18 and 19) or Tūñāḍu (Nos.

15, 16 and 17), a<lb/>subdivision of Perumbāṇa-pāḍi<ref t="3:22-13"/> (Nos. 15 to 18),

a district of Jayaṅkoṇḍa-Chōḷa-<lb break="no"/>maṇḍalam.<ref t="3:22-14"/> Three of

the inscriptions were put in writing by the accountant (karaṇattāṉ)<lb/>of the city (Nos.

15, 16 and 18).<pb n="3:23"/>

<h3>No. 15.——ON THE BASE OF THE CHOLESVARA SHRINE.</h3>

This inscription is dated in the 29th year of the reign of the Chōḷa king

Rājarāja I.<lb/>and opens with the usual historical introduction, where, however, this

inscription and No. 16<lb/>read Taḍīga-pāḍi instead of Taḍigai-pāḍi or

Taḍiya-vaḻi.<ref t="3:23-1"/>

The inscription records that the citizens of Mēṟpāḍi granted to the

Aṟiñjigai-<lb break="no"/>Īśvara temple 5, 136(1/2) kuḻi of land, which was

bounded in the east by the river Nugā, and in<lb/>the north by the Chōḷēndrasiṁhēśvara

temple. Nugā is evidently the original name of the<lb/>river Nīvā (or Poṉṉai), on the

western bank of which Mēlpāḍi is situated, and Chōḷēndra-<lb break="no"/>siṁhēśvara is the ancient designation of the Sōmanāthēśvara temple.<ref t="3:23-2"/>

<hi>1 <gr>svasti śrī</gr> [||*] <ta>tirumakaḷ

polapperunilaccelviyu</ta><gr>nta</gr><ta>ṉakkeyurimai

[pūṇ]ṭamai<lb/>maṉakkoḷkkā</ta><gr>nta</gr><ta>[ḷur]<ref t="3:23-3"/> c[ā]lai

kalamaṟuttaru[ḷi] v[e]ṅkaināṭuṅkaṅkapāṭiyu[nu]-<lb break="no"/>ḷampapāṭiyuntaṭīkapāṭiyuṅkuṭamalaināṭuṅkollamuṅkaliṅkamumeṇṭicai pukaḻ

tara-<lb break="no"/>vīḻamaṇṭalamumiraṭṭapāṭiyeḻaraiyilakkamu</ta><gr>nti</gr><ta>ṇṭiṟal

veṉṟittaṇṭāṟkkoṇṭa<lb/>tanṉeḻil vaḷarūḻi

ellā[y]ā[ṇ]ṭu</ta><gr>nto</gr><ta>ḻuta[k*]ai viḷaṅkum yāṇṭey<lb/>ceḻiyaraittecu koḷ

śrīkovi</ta><gr>rājarāja</gr><ta>ke</ta><gr>sa</gr><ta>ripa</ta><gr>nmarā</gr><ta>na</ta>

<gr>śrīrājarājade</gr><ta>varkku<lb/>yāṇṭu</ta> <gr>29</gr> <ta>āvatu

jayaṅkoṇṭacoḻamaṇṭalattupperumpāṇappāṭittū-<lb break="no"/>ñāṭṭu

m[e]ṟppāṭiyā[ki]ya</ta> <gr>rājāśra</gr><ta>yapurattu nakarattom <ref t="3:23-4"/>āṟṟurarttuñciṉa<lb/>tevarkkuppaḷḷipaṭaiyāka uṭaiyār</ta>

<gr>śrīrājarājade</gr><ta>var eṅkaḷ nakarat[ti]-<lb break="no"/>leṭuppittaru[ḷi]ṉa [ti]ru

aṟiñcikai</ta><gr>[ī]śva</gr><ta>rattu</ta> <gr>ma</gr><ta>hā</ta><gr>de</gr><ta>var

[śrī]ko[yi]luk-<lb break="no"/>kun[ti]ruccuṟṟālaikkun[ti]rumuṟṟattukkun[ti]runantaṉavaṉattukkum</ta></hi>

<hi>2 <ta>maṭaviḷākattukkumā[ka] nāṅkaḷittevaṟkukkuṭutta nilattukkellai

nukāveṉṉu[m]ā-<lb break="no"/>ṟṟukku meṟkum ivvūr [mu]mmaṭicoḻap[p]erunteruvil</ta>

<gr>vyā</gr><ta>pāri ācce-<lb break="no"/>rumāṉ vayiramekaṉ toṭṭappā[ḻ]āṉa [ni]lattiṉ

vaṭavarukey nukāvāṟṟi-<lb break="no"/>niṉṟumirukolakalattāl meṟku nokki[p]poṉa peruvaḻi

eṇpatteḻu-<lb break="no"/>[ko]lācaṟutikku vaṭakkumivvācaṟutiyey vaṭakku

nokkiccoḷe</ta><gr>ntrasiṃ</gr><ta>[hi]-</ta><lb/> <gr>śva</gr><ta>ramuṭaiya<ref t="3:23-5"/> tevar teva[ra]ṭiyār mattavāṇacceriyeye[ṟa]ppoṉa teruvuk-<lb break="no"/>kukkiḻakkuñco</ta>[ <ta>ḷe</ta><gr>ntra</gr>] <gr>siṃhīśva</gr><ta>ramuṭaiyār

koyiliṉ teṟkil ti[ru]nantaṉavaṉa-<lb break="no"/>ttiṉ t[e]ṉṉarukey nukaraveṉṉumāṟṟukkey

kiḻakku nokki nāṟkolakala-<lb break="no"/>ttāṟpoṉa

pe[ru]vaḻikkutteṟkuminnāṟperellaiyuḷḷumakappaṭṭa nilam <ref t="3:23-6"/>eṅ-<lb break="no"/>kaḷuraḷantu kūṟiṭṭa patiṉeṇcāṇko(l)lāṟkuḻi aiyyāyiratt[orunu]ra-<lb break="no"/>ṟṟu<ref t="3:23-7"/> mu[p*]pattāṟaraiyumitteva[ṟ]kuttevatāṉa

iṟaiyiliyākakkuṭutto[m]<lb/>[|*] i[n]ni[la]tt[āṟey] nukaraveṉṉu[m]āṟṟiṉiṉṟum

itte-</ta></hi>

<hi>3 <ta>varinnilattukkumilupp[ai]kkaḻaṉikkunīr pāynta vāykkāl kāṟkolakalattāl itte-<lb break="no"/>varinnilattukkumiluppaikkaḻaṉikkunir<ref t="3:23-8"/> pāyappeṟavumippari[cu]

tevatāṉa[i]ṟai-<lb break="no"/>yiliyākaccilālekai ceytu kuṭuttomeṟpāṭiyāṉa</ta>

<gr>rājāśra</gr><ta>yapurattu nakarat-<lb break="no"/>tom [|*] innakarattār colla eḻutiṉeṉ

innakarakkaraṇattāṉ nārāya-<lb break="no"/>ṇaṉaṭaikkalavaṉeṉ [|*] ivaiyeṉṉeḻattu<ref t="3:23-9"/> ||——itu [pa]ṉmā</ta><gr>bheśva-<lb break="no"/>[ra*]rakṣai<ref t="3:23-10"/>

||——</gr><pb n="3:24"/></hi>

<h1>TRANSLATION.</h1>

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 29th year (of the reign) of the glorious king

Rāja-<lb break="no"/>rāja-Kēsarivarman, alias Śrī-Rājarājadēva,

who, (in) his life of growing strength,<lb/>during which,——(in) the belief that, as

well as the goddess of fortune, the goddess of the<lb/>great earth had become his

wife,——(he) was pleased to destroy the ships (at) Kāndaḷūr-<lb break="no"/>Śālai and conquered by (his) army, which was victorious in great battles,

Vēṅgai-nāḍu,<lb/>Gaṅga-pāḍi, Nuḷamba-pāḍi, Taḍīga-pāḍi, Kuḍamalai-nāḍu,

Kollam, Kaliṅ-<lb break="no"/>gam, Īḻa-maṇḍalam, (the conquest of which) made

(him) famous (in) the eight directions,<lb/>and the seven and a half lakshas

of Iraṭṭa-pāḍi,——deprived the Śeḻiyas of (their) splen-<lb break="no"/>dour at the very moment when Udag[ai], which is worshipped everywhere, was

(most)<lb/>resplendent;——we, the citizens of Mēṟpāḍi, alias

Rājāśrayapuram, in Tūñāḍu, (a sub-<lb break="no"/>division) of

Perumbāṇa-pāḍi in Jayaṅkoṇḍa-Śōḻa-maṇḍalam, gave land to the

god<lb/>Mahādēva (Śiva) of the holy Aṟiñjigai-Īśvara

(temple),——which the lord Śrī-Rāja-<lb break="no"/>rājadēva had been pleased

to build in our city as a resting-place (? paḷḷi-paḍai) for the<lb/>king who fell

asleep<ref t="3:24-1"/> at Āṟṟūr,——for the sacred temple, for the temple

enclosure,<ref t="3:24-2"/> for the<lb/>temple court, for the temple garden, and for the environs

of the temple.<ref t="3:24-3"/>

(L. 2.) The (four) boundaries of (this land are) to the west of the river called

Nugā;<lb/>to the north of the limit, eighty-seven rods (in length), of the

high-road which, at a breadth<lb/>of two rods, leads westward from the Nugā river along

the northern extremity of the waste<lb/>land of the garden of the merchant (vyāpārin)

Āchcherumāṉ Vayiramēgaṉ, (who resides)<lb/>in the high-street of

Mummaḍi-Śōḻa in this village; to the east of the street which leads<lb/>up northward

from this limit to Mattavāṇachchēri, (the quarter) of the dancing-girls

of<lb/>the god of the Śōḷēndrasiṁhīśvara (temple); and to the south of the

high-road which, at<lb/>a breadth of four rods, leads eastward to the river called Nugā

along the southern extremity<lb/>of the temple garden on the south of the temple of the lord

Śōḷēndrasiṁhīśvara. The<lb/>land enclosed within these four great boundaries,

(which measures) five thousand one hundred<lb/>and thirty-six and a half kuḻi by the

rod of eighteen spans, by which our village is measured<lb/>and divided, we gave to this god as

tax-free temple land. The channel, a quarter rod in<lb/>breadth, (which flows) through this

land from the river called Nugā (and) supplies water to<lb/>this land and to the

iluppai<ref t="3:24-4"/> field of this god, shall (continue to) supply water to this

land<lb/>and to the iluppai field of this god.

(L. 3.) Thus we, the citizens of Mēṟpāḍi, alias Rājāśrayapuram,

having engraved<lb/>(this) on stone, gave (this land) as tax-free temple land. At the

bidding of these citizens, I,<lb/>the accountant (karaṇattāṉ) of this city,

Nārāyaṇaṉ Aḍaikkalavaṉ, wrote (this). This<lb/>is my writing. This (gift

is placed under) the protection of all Māhēśvaras.

<h3>No. 16.——ON THE BASE OF THE CHOLESVARA SHRINE.</h3>

The date of this inscription is the same as that of No. 15. The inscription records<lb/>that the

citizens of Mēṟpāḍi granted to the Aṟiñjigai-Īśvara temple the hamlet of

<pb n="3:25"/><lb/>Pulikkuṉṟam on the west of the river Nugā,<ref t="3:25-1"/>

on the north of Kukkaṉūr, on the east of<lb/>Teṉkoḷḷi, and on the south of

Pālainellūr. Pulikkuṉṟam itself is not found on the<lb/>map; but its southern

boundary, Kukkaṉūr,<ref t="3:25-2"/> is situated on the road from Tiruvallam to<lb/>Mēlpāḍi,

and its western and northern boundaries, Teṉkoḷḷi and Pālainellūr, are probably the<lb/>modern

Tempalle and Śrīpādanellūr.<ref t="3:25-3"/>

<hi>1 <gr>svasti śrī</gr> [||*] <ta>tirumakaḷ polapperunilaccelviyuntaṉakkeyurimai

pūṇṭamai<lb/>maṉakkoḷkkāntaḷar•• kkemaṟuttaruḷi<ref t="3:25-4"/>

veṅkaināṭuṅkaṅkapāṭiyun<ref t="3:25-5"/> taṭīka-<lb break="no"/>pā[ṭi]yuṅkuṭamalaināṭuṅkollamuṅkaliṅkamumeṇṭicai pukaḻ

taravīḻamaṇṭala[mu]-<lb break="no"/>miraṭṭapāṭiyeḻaraiyilakkamuntiṇṭiṟal

veṉṟittaṇṭāṟkoṇṭa taṉṉeḻil<lb/>vaḷaruḻi<ref t="3:25-6"/> ellāyāṇṭuntoḻuta[k*]ai

viḷaṅkum yāṇṭe ceḻiyaraitte[cu]<lb/>koḷ

śrīko[vi]</ta><gr>rājarāja</gr><ta>ke</ta><gr>sa</gr><ta>ripa</ta><gr>[r*]mma</gr><ta>rāṉa</ta>

<gr>śrīrājarājade</gr><ta>vaṟku yāṇṭu</ta><lb/> <gr>29</gr> <ta>[ā]vatu

jayaṅkoṇṭacoḻamaṇṭalattupperumpāṇappāṭitturañāṭṭu<ref t="3:25-7"/><lb/>meṟpāṭiyāṉa</ta> <gr>rājāśra</gr><ta>yapurattu nakarattom <ref t="3:25-8"/>[ā]ṟṟurarttu[ñ]ciṉa tevark-<lb break="no"/>kuppaḷḷipaṭaiyāka uṭ[ai]yār</ta>

<gr>śrīrājarājade</gr><ta>var eṅkaḷ nakarattil eṭuppi-<lb break="no"/>ttaruḷiṉa

aṟiñcikaiī</ta><gr>śva</gr><ta>rattu</ta> <gr>ma</gr><ta>hā</ta><gr>de</gr><ta>varkku

veṇṭunivantaṅkaḷukkuttevatā-<lb break="no"/>ṉamāka nāṅkaḷ kuṭutta nilamāva[tu] [|*]

<ref t="3:25-9"/>eṅkaḷarkkuppiṭākaiyākappe[ṟ]-<lb break="no"/>ṟuṭaiya[vūru]kaḷil

maṉaivaḻi kūṟiṭātu nakarappotuvāykkiṭanta [pu]li[k]kuṉ-<lb break="no"/>ṟattukku(kku)kkiḻ[p]āṟkellai<ref t="3:25-10"/> nu[k]āveṉṉumāṟṟukku meṟku[m

|*]</ta></hi>

<hi>2 <ta>te[ṉpāṟ]kellai kukkaṉūr<ref t="3:25-11"/> ellaikku vaṭakkum [|*] [m]elpāṟkellai

te-<lb break="no"/>[ṉ]koḷḷi ellaikkukkiḻakkum [|*] vaṭapāṟkellai pālainellūr<ref t="3:25-12"/> ellaik-<lb break="no"/>kutteṟkum [|*] innāṟ[p]erellaiyuḷ[ḷu]naṭu[vu]paṭṭa

pulikkuṉṟam <ref t="3:25-13"/>nirni-<lb break="no"/>la[mu]ṅkollaiyuṅkāṭum

uṭpaṭa[vuṇṇilamo]ḻiviṉṟi ippulikkuṉṟattu<lb/>ni[y]ai<ref t="3:25-14"/>

epp[e]rpap[pa]tum<ref t="3:25-15"/> ittevar[k*]ku veṇṭunivantaṅkaḷukkutteva-<lb break="no"/>tāṉa i[ṟ]aiyiliyākaccilālekai ceytu kuṭuttom meṟpā[ṭi]yāṉa</ta> <gr>rā-<lb break="no"/>jāśra</gr><ta>yapurattu nakarattom [|*] nakarattār colla eḻutiṉeṉ

innakarakkara-<lb break="no"/>[ṇa*]tt[ā]ṉ nārāyaṇaṉa[ṭai]kkalava[ṉeṉ] [|*]

[i]v</ta><gr>ai</gr><ta>yeṉṉe[ḻu]ttu<lb/>||——itu paṉmā</ta><gr>bheśva[ra*]rakṣai<ref t="3:25-16"/> ||——</gr></hi>

<h1>TRANSLATION.</h1>

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 29th year (of the reign) of the glorious king

Rāja-<lb break="no"/>rāja-Kēsarivarman, alias Śrī-Rājarājadēva,

who, etc.,<ref t="3:25-17"/>——we, the citizens of<lb/>Mēṟpāḍi, alias

Rājāśrayapuram, in Tūñāḍu, (a subdivision) of

Perumbaṇa-pāḍi in<lb/>Jayaṅkoṇḍa-Śōḻa-maṇḍalam, gave the following

land as temple land for the expenses<lb/>(nibandha) required by (the god)

Mahādēva of the Aṟiñjigai-Īśvara (temple), which the<lb/>lord

Śrī-Rājarājadēva had been pleased to build in our city as a resting-place for the

king<lb/>who fell asleep at Āṟṟūr. The eastern boundary of

Pulikkuṉṟam,——(which is one) among<lb/>the villages that were acquired and belong

to our village as hamlets (piḍāgai), which is not<pb n="3:26"/><lb/>divided into

house-sites (maṉai),<ref t="3:26-1"/> and which is the common property of the

city,——(is) to the<lb/>west of the river called Nugā; the southern boundary

(is) to the north of the boundary of<lb/>Kukkaṉūr; the western boundary

(is) to the east of the boundary of Te[ṉ]koḷḷi; and<lb/>the northern boundary

(is) to the south of the boundary of Pālainellūr.

(L. 2.) (The village of) Pulikkuṉṟam, enclosed within these four great

boundaries,——<lb/>the whole land of this Pulikkuṉṟam, including wet land, dry land and

jungle, (and) not<lb/>excluding the cultivated land,<ref t="3:26-2"/>——we, the citizens of

Mēṟpāḍi, alias Rājāśrayapuram,<lb/>gave for the expenses required

by this god, as tax-free temple land, having engraved (this) on<lb/>stone. At the bidding of

the citizens, I, the accountant of this city, Nārāyaṇaṉ Aḍaik-<lb break="no"/>kalavaṉ, wrote (this). This is my writing. This (gift is placed

under) the protection<lb/>of all Māhēśvaras.

<h3>No. 17.——ON THE NORTH WALL OF THE CHOLESVARA SHRINE.</h3>

This inscription is written in beautiful florid characters, resembling those of the

large<lb/>Leyden grant, but mixed with letters of the usual type, especially after line 12. It is

dated<lb/>in the same year as Nos. 15 and 16, and records the grant of a lamp to the

Aṟiñjīśvara<lb/>temple at Mēṟpāḍi.

<hi>1 <gr>svasti śrī</gr> [||*] <ta>tirumakaḷ polapperunilaccelviyu</ta><gr>nta-</gr></hi>

<hi>2 <ta>ṉak[ke]yu[ri]mai pūṇṭamai maṉakkoḷkkā</ta><gr>nta</gr><ta>[ḷū]rccā-</ta></hi>

<hi>3 <ta>[lai] kalamaṟuttaruḷi veṅkaināṭuṅkaṅkapāṭiyum nuḷam[pa]-</ta></hi>

<hi>4

<ta>[p]āṭiyu</ta><gr>nta</gr><ta>ṭikaipāṭiyuṅkuṭamalaināṭuṅkollamuṅkaliṅkamum</ta></hi>

<hi>5 <ta>eṇṭicai pukaḻ

taravīḻamaṇṭalamumiraṭṭapāṭiyeḻaraiyilakkamu</ta><gr>nti</gr><ta>ṇ[ṭi]-</ta></hi>

<hi>6 <ta>ṟal veṉṟittaṇṭāṟkoṇṭa taṉṉeḻil <ref t="3:26-3"/>vaḷaravuḻiyellā-</ta></hi>

<hi>7 <ta>yāṇṭu</ta><gr>nto</gr><ta>ḻutakai viḷaṅkum yāṇṭe ceḻiyaraittecu ko-</ta></hi>

<hi>8 <ta>ḷ śrīko</ta> <gr>rājarājarāja</gr><ta>ke</ta><gr>sarivarmmarā</gr><ta>ṉa</ta>

<gr>śrīrājarājade</gr><ta>vaṟku yāṇ[ṭu]</ta></hi>

<hi>9 <gr>[2]9</gr> <ta>āvatu

jayaṅkoṇṭacoḻamaṇṭalattupperumpāṇap[p]āṭittūñāṭ[ṭu]</ta></hi>

<hi>10 <ta>meṟpāṭiyāṉa</ta> <gr>rājāśra</gr><ta>yapurattu āṟṟūrttuñciṉa</ta>

<gr>de</gr><ta>vaṟkuppaḷḷipaṭai-</ta></hi>

<hi>11 <ta>[y]āka uṭaiyār</ta> <gr>śrīrājarājade</gr><ta>var eṭuppittaruḷiṉa

tiruvaṟiñci</ta><gr>śvara</gr><ta>ttu</ta><ref t="3:26-4"/></hi>

<hi>12 <gr>mahāde</gr><ta>vaṟku veṇkuṉṟakkoṭṭattu maruta[n*]āṭṭu veḷḷāḷaṉ

aruvāk-</ta></hi>

<hi>13 <ta>[kīḻāḷ] muttikaṇṭaṉeṉ vaitta tiruna[n*]tāviḷakku oṉṟiṉukku</ta></hi>

<hi>14 <ta>v[ait]ta cāvā <ref t="3:26-5"/>muvāpperāṭu toṇṇūṟṟāṟuṅkaikkoṇṭu</ta></hi>

<hi>15 <ta>ni[catam] uḻakku ney rājakecariyāl ca</ta><gr>nti</gr><ta>rātittavaṟ

aṭ[ṭu][va*]tāneṉ i-<lb break="no"/>rā[jā]</ta><gr>śra</gr><ta>yapurattu</ta></hi>

<hi>16 <ta>[i]ṭ[aiya]n eṇi keṅkātiraneṉ [||*]</ta></hi>

<h1>TRANSLATION.</h1>

(Line 1.) Hail ! Prosperity ! In the 29th year (of the reign) of the glorious king

Rāja-<lb break="no"/>rāja-Rājakēsarivarman, alias

Śrī-Rājarājadēva, who, etc.,<ref t="3:26-6"/>——I, the cultivator (Veḷ-<lb break="no"/>ḷāḷaṉ) Aruvā-[Kīḻāḷ] Muttigaṇḍaṉ of Marud[a-n]āḍu

in Veṇkuṉṟa-kōṭṭam, gave<pb n="3:27"/><lb/>one perpetual lamp to (the god)

Mahādēva of the holy Aṟiñjīśvara (temple),——which the<lb/>lord

Śrī-Rājarājadēva had been pleased to build as a resting-place for the king who

fell<lb/>asleep at Āṟṟūr, in Mēṟpāḍi, alias

Rājāśrayapuram, (a city) in Tūñāḍu, (a sub-<lb break="no"/>division) of Perumbāṇa-pāḍi in

Jayaṅkoṇḍa-Śōḻa-maṇḍalam,——(and) assigned to<lb/>(this lamp)

ninety-six full-grown ewes, which must neither die nor grow old.<ref t="3:27-1"/>

(L. 14.) Having received (these ewes), I, the shepherd Ēṇi Gaṅgādharaṉ of

Rājā-<lb break="no"/>śrayapuram, shall pour out daily, as long as the moon and the sun

endure, (one) uḻakku<lb/>of ghee, (measured) by the Rājakēsari).

<h3>No. 18.——ON THE NORTH WALL OF THE CHOLESVARA SHRINE.</h3>

This inscription is dated in the 9th year of the reign of Parakēsarivarman,

alias<lb/>Rājēndra-Chōḷadēva. It records that certain shepherds of

Mēṟpāḍi pledged themselves<lb/>to supply ghee for a lamp in the

Aṟiñjīśvara temple. This declaration was made

before<lb/>Lakuḷīśvara-Paṇḍita, the head of a Maṭha connected with the

temple. The name<lb/>Lakuḷīśvara is interesting, because it suggests that the Maṭha at

Mēṟpāḍi was a branch<lb/>establishment of the Lakulīśa-Pāśupatas of

Kārōhaṇa in Gujarāt, who are referred<lb/>to in the Cintra praśasti.<ref t="3:27-2"/> The inscription ends with the signature of a local merchant, who<lb/>may have been the

donor of the lamp.

<hi>1 <gr>svasti śrī</gr> [||*] <ta>tiru maṉṉi vaḷara irunilamaṭa</ta><gr>nt</gr><ta>aiyum

poṟcayappāvaiyum <ref t="3:27-3"/>cir-<lb break="no"/>ttaniccelviyu-</ta></hi>

<hi>2 <gr>nta</gr><ta>n pe[ru]</ta><gr>nte</gr><ta>viyarāki[yi]ṉpuṟa neṭituyilūḻiyuḷ<ref t="3:27-4"/> i[ṭ]aituṟaināṭu</ta><gr>n</gr><ta>tu[ṭa]rvanave-<lb break="no"/>lippa-</ta></hi>

<hi>3 <ta>ṭar vanavāciyum cuḷḷi[c*]cūḻmatiṭkoḷḷi[p]pāk[k]aiyum naṇṇaṟkaruma-</ta></hi>

<hi>4 <ta>raṇ maṇṇaikkaṭakka[mu]m po[ru]kaṭaliḻattaraiyar<ref t="3:27-5"/>

tamuṭiyumā[ṅ]kavar</ta></hi>

<hi>5 <ta>teviyaroṅkeḻil muṭiyumuṉṉavar [pa*]kkaltteṉṉavar [v]aitta</ta></hi>

<hi>6

<ta>cu</ta><gr>nta</gr><ta>ramuṭiyumi</ta><gr>nti</gr><ta>ranāraḻa</ta><gr>nte</gr><ta>ṇṭirai<ref t="3:27-6"/> īḻama-</ta></hi>

<hi>7 <ta>ṇṭala[mu]ḻuvatumeṟipaṭaikkeraḷan [mu]-</ta></hi>

<hi>8 <ta>ṟaimaiyil cūṭuṅkulatanamākiya palar puka-</ta></hi>

<hi>9 <ta>ḻ muṭiyuñceṅkatirmālaiyuñcaṅkatir ve-</ta></hi>

<hi>10 <ta>laittol peruṅkāval palapaḻa</ta><gr>nti</gr><ta>vuñce[ru]-</ta><ref t="3:27-7"/></hi>

<hi>11 <ta>viṟcinavil irupattorukālaraicukaḷai kaṭṭa <ref t="3:27-8"/>paracirāman</ta></hi>

<hi>12 <ta>mevaruñc[ā]</ta><gr>nti</gr><ta>mattivaraṇ<ref t="3:27-9"/> karuti iruttiya

cemp[oṟ]ṟiru-</ta></hi>

<hi>13 <ta>ttaku muṭiyum payaṅkoṭu paḻi mika [mu]ca[ṅ]kiyil [mu]tukiṭṭoḷitta</ta></hi>

<hi>14 <ta>cayaciṅkaṉ aḷapperum pukaḻoṭu [pī]ṭi ilaṭṭapāṭi eḻarai

ilakkamuna[va]-</ta></hi>

<hi>15 <ta>neti[k]ku[la]ppe[ru]malaikaḷumāp[p]e[ru]</ta><gr>nta</gr><ta>ṇ[ṭā]ṟkoṇ[ṭa]

kopparake</ta><gr>sari</gr><ta>[pa]-</ta></hi>

<hi>16 <gr>nma</gr><ta