Cāṇaṅkuppam hero-stone no. 2, time of Kampavikramavarman, year 30
Editor: Emmanuel Francis.
Identifier: DHARMA_INSPallava00451.
Summary: Hero-stone commemorating the death of Cākūḻaṉ Vēḷāḷaṉ and recording a donation of land in honour of him.
Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil.
Repository: Pallava (tfa-pallava-epigraphy).
Version: (e8a670e), last modified (18e0138).
Edition
⟨1⟩ [svast]i śrī
kō-vicaiya-kampa-vikkir¿i?⟨a⟩ma-paru⟨2⟩maṟku yāṇṭu muppa(tt-ā)vatu
paṭuvūr-k- kō⟨3⟩ṭṭattu mēl-aṭaiy¡a!⟨ā⟩ṟu-nāṭṭu-k kaṭaikaḷāṭṭ¡u!⟨ū⟩r (p)i⟨4⟩(ṉ/ṉa)[1+](m/ma) n(ā)yakaṉ cākūḻaṉ vēḷā¡l!⟨ḷ⟩aṉ vāṇar-pā⟨5⟩ṭikkaḷḷar Iv-v¡u!⟨ū⟩r (toṟu)k koḷḷap paṭṭ(ā)ṉ
⟨6⟩ Ivaṉukku Ū(ru)ṅ koḷ nāṉṟu Aracañ ce⟨7⟩(ṟu) nettal paṭṭi Aṭṭittu
Apparatus
⟨1⟩ vikkir¿i?⟨a⟩maparu⟨2⟩maṟku ⬦ vikkimaparuma⟨2⟩ṟku T; vikkiraparuma⟨2⟩ṟku DD.
⟨2⟩ muppa(ttā)vatu ⬦ muppatāvatu T DD • The regnal year of Kampavikramavarman is 36th according to Katti 1998.
⟨3⟩ mēlaṭaiy¡a!⟨ā⟩ṟunāṭṭuk ⬦ mēlaṭaiyaṟunāṭu puk° T DD • We follow here the summary in ARIE. — ⟨3⟩ kaṭaikaḷāṭṭ¡u!⟨ū⟩r ⬦ kaṭaikaḷāṭa pā° T DD • We follow here the summary in ARIE. — ⟨3⟩ (p)i⟨4⟩(ṉ/ṉa)[1+](m/ma) ⬦ li ṉa [1+] ma T DD • ARIE reads teṉṉama.
⟨4⟩ vēḷā¡l!⟨ḷ⟩aṉ ⬦ vēḷāḷaṉ T DD. — ⟨4⟩ vāṇarpā⟨5⟩ṭikkaḷḷar ⬦ viṇṭa pā⟨5⟩ṭik kaḷḷar T; viṇṭa⟨5⟩pāṭik kaḷḷar DD • We follow here the summary in ARIE.
Translation by Emmanuel Francis
(1) Prosperity! Fortune!
(1–2) Tirthieth year of the victorious king Kampavikramavarman.
(2–5) Cākūḻaṉ Vēḷāḷaṉ, … chief (nāyakaṉ) [of] Kaṭaikaḷāṭṭūr in the Mēlaṭaiyāṟunāṭu in the Paṭuvūrkkōṭṭam, died, when thieves (kaḷḷar) from Vāṇarpāṭi (vāṇarpāṭi1) seized cattle [from] this village.
(6–7) To him2, [there is] a field (ceṟu) that which the king has given, at the time of taking the village, as … (nettal paṭṭi).
Bibliography
Edited in Tayāḷaṉ 1995 (Āvaṇam no. 3.1); text in Dayalan 2005; re-edited and translated here by Emmanuel Francis (2022), based on photographs (2009).
Primary
[T] Tayāḷaṉ, Tu. 1995. “cāṇaṅkuppam maṟṟum tārācuram pallavar kāla naṭukaṟkaḷ.” Āvaṇam 6, pp. 13–14. Item 3.1.
[DD] Dayalan, D. 2005. Computer application in Indian epigraphy (Pallava period). 3 vols. New Delhi: Bharatiya Kala Prakashan. Volume 3, appendix I, page 1308, item 71.
Secondary
[ARIE] Katti, Madhav N. 1998. Annual report on Indian epigraphy for 1992-93. New Delhi: Archaeological Survey of India. Page 53, appendixes B/1992-93, item 316.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_Schema.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>
<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_Schema.rng" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>
<?xml-model href="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/schema/latest/DHARMA_SQF.sch" type="application/xml" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>
<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://relaxng.org/ns/structure/1.0"?>
<?xml-model href="https://epidoc.stoa.org/schema/latest/tei-epidoc.rng" schematypens="http://purl.oclc.org/dsdl/schematron"?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="eng">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Cāṇaṅkuppam hero-stone no. 2, time of Kampavikramavarman, year 30</title>
<respStmt>
<resp>EpiDoc encoding</resp>
<persName ref="part:emfr">
<forename>Emmanuel</forename>
<surname>Francis</surname>
</persName>
</respStmt>
<respStmt>
<resp>intellectual authorship of edition</resp>
<persName ref="part:emfr">
<forename>Emmanuel</forename>
<surname>Francis</surname>
</persName>
</respStmt>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<authority>DHARMA</authority>
<pubPlace>Paris, CEIAS</pubPlace>
<idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSPallava00451</idno>
<availability>
<licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
<p>This work is licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported
Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to
Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View,
California, 94041, USA.</p>
<p>Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Emmanuel Francis.</p>
</licence>
</availability>
<date from="2019" to="2025">2019-2025</date>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<msDesc>
<msIdentifier>
<repository>DHARMAbase</repository>
<idno/>
</msIdentifier>
<msContents>
<summary>Hero-stone commemorating the death of Cākūḻaṉ Vēḷāḷaṉ and recording a donation of land in honour of him.</summary>
</msContents>
<physDesc>
<handDesc>
<p>Medial <foreign>u</foreign> and <foreign>ū</foreign> not distinguished and interchangeable. The letter <foreign>ṭu</foreign> has a peculiar form.</p>
</handDesc>
</physDesc>
</msDesc>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc>
<projectDesc>
<p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)
under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant
agreement no 809994).</p>
</projectDesc>
<schemaRef type="guide" key="EGDv01" url="https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-02888186"/>
<listPrefixDef>
<prefixDef ident="bib" matchPattern="([a-zA-Z0-9\-\_]+)" replacementPattern="https://www.zotero.org/groups/1633743/erc-dharma/items/tag/$1">
<p>Public URIs with the prefix bib to point to a Zotero Group Library named
ERC-DHARMA whose data are open to the public.</p>
</prefixDef>
<prefixDef ident="part" matchPattern="([a-z]+)" replacementPattern="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/erc-dharma/project-documentation/master/DHARMA_IdListMembers_v01.xml#$1">
<p>Internal URIs using the part prefix to point to person elements in the
<ref>DHARMA_IdListMembers_v01.xml</ref> file.</p>
</prefixDef>
</listPrefixDef>
</encodingDesc>
<revisionDesc>
<change who="part:emfr" when="2022-10-26" status="draft">Creation of the file</change>
</revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text xml:space="preserve">
<body>
<div type="edition" xml:lang="tam-Latn" rendition="class:tamil maturity:83215">
<ab xml:lang="san-Latn" rendition="class:grantha maturity:83215">
<lb n="1"/><supplied reason="lost">svast</supplied>i śrī
</ab>
<p>
kō-vicaiya-kampa-vikkir<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>ma-paru
<lb n="2" break="no"/>maṟku yāṇṭu muppa<unclear>tt-ā</unclear>vatu
</p>
<p>
paṭuvūr-k- kō
<lb n="3" break="no"/>ṭṭattu mēl-aṭaiy<choice><orig>a</orig><reg>ā</reg></choice>ṟu-nāṭṭu-k kaṭaikaḷāṭṭ<choice><orig>u</orig><reg>ū</reg></choice>r <unclear>p</unclear>i
<lb n="4" break="no"/><choice><unclear>ṉ</unclear><unclear>ṉa</unclear></choice><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/><choice><unclear>m</unclear><unclear>ma</unclear></choice> n<unclear>ā</unclear>yakaṉ cākūḻaṉ vēḷā<choice><orig>l</orig><reg>ḷ</reg></choice>aṉ vāṇar-pā
<lb n="5" break="no"/>ṭikkaḷḷar Iv-v<choice><orig>u</orig><reg>ū</reg></choice>r <unclear>toṟu</unclear>k koḷḷap paṭṭ<unclear>ā</unclear>ṉ
</p>
<p>
<lb n="6"/>Ivaṉukku Ū<unclear>ru</unclear>ṅ koḷ nāṉṟu Aracañ ce
<lb n="7" break="no"/><unclear>ṟu</unclear> nettal paṭṭi Aṭṭittu
</p>
</div>
<div type="apparatus">
<listApp>
<app loc="1">
<lem>vikkir<choice><sic>i</sic><corr>a</corr></choice>maparu
<lb n="2" break="no"/>maṟku</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Tayalan1995_01">vikkimaparuma
<lb n="2" break="no"/>ṟku</rdg>
<rdg source="bib:Dayalan2005_01">vikkiraparuma
<lb n="2" break="no"/>ṟku</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="2">
<lem>muppa<unclear>ttā</unclear>vatu</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Tayalan1995_01 bib:Dayalan2005_01">muppatāvatu</rdg>
<note>The regnal year of Kampavikramavarman is 36th according to <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1992-1993"/></bibl>.</note>
</app>
<app loc="3">
<lem>mēlaṭaiy<choice><orig>a</orig><reg>ā</reg></choice>ṟunāṭṭuk</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Tayalan1995_01 bib:Dayalan2005_01">mēlaṭaiyaṟunāṭu puk°</rdg>
<note>We follow here the summary in <ptr target="bib:ARIE1992-1993"/>.</note>
</app>
<app loc="3">
<lem>kaṭaikaḷāṭṭ<choice><orig>u</orig><reg>ū</reg></choice>r</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Tayalan1995_01 bib:Dayalan2005_01">kaṭaikaḷāṭa pā°</rdg>
<note>We follow here the summary in <ptr target="bib:ARIE1992-1993"/>.</note>
</app>
<app loc="3">
<lem><unclear>p</unclear>i
<lb n="4" break="no"/><choice><unclear>ṉ</unclear><unclear>ṉa</unclear></choice><gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/><choice><unclear>m</unclear><unclear>ma</unclear></choice></lem>
<rdg source="bib:Tayalan1995_01 bib:Dayalan2005_01">li ṉa <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> ma</rdg>
<note><ptr target="bib:ARIE1992-1993"/> reads <foreign>teṉṉama</foreign>.</note>
</app>
<app loc="4">
<lem>vēḷā<choice><orig>l</orig><reg>ḷ</reg></choice>aṉ</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Tayalan1995_01 bib:Dayalan2005_01">vēḷāḷaṉ</rdg>
</app>
<app loc="4">
<lem>vāṇarpā
<lb n="5" break="no"/>ṭikkaḷḷar</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Tayalan1995_01">viṇṭa pā<lb n="5" break="no"/>ṭik kaḷḷar</rdg>
<rdg source="bib:Dayalan2005_01">viṇṭa <lb n="5" break="no"/>pāṭik kaḷḷar</rdg>
<note>We follow here the summary in <ptr target="bib:ARIE1992-1993"/>.</note>
</app>
<app loc="6">
<lem>Ū<unclear>ru</unclear>ṅ</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Tayalan1995_01 bib:Dayalan2005_01"><unclear>Ūruṅ</unclear></rdg>
</app>
<app loc="6">
<lem>koḷ</lem>
<rdg source="bib:Tayalan1995_01 bib:Dayalan2005_01">kōvu</rdg>
</app>
</listApp>
</div>
<div type="translation" resp="part:emfr">
<p n="1">
Prosperity! Fortune!
</p>
<p n="1-2">
Tirthieth year of the victorious king Kampavikramavarman.
</p>
<p n="2-5">
Cākūḻaṉ Vēḷāḷaṉ, <gap reason="ellipsis"/> chief <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nāyakaṉ</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">of</supplied> Kaṭaikaḷāṭṭūr in the Mēlaṭaiyāṟunāṭu in the Paṭuvūrkkōṭṭam, died, when thieves <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kaḷḷar</foreign></supplied> from Vāṇarpāṭi <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>vāṇarpāṭi<note>That is, the territory of the Bāṇas.</note></foreign></supplied> seized cattle <supplied reason="subaudible">from</supplied> this village.
</p>
<p n="6-7">
To him<note>That is, “in honour of him”.</note>, <supplied reason="subaudible">there is</supplied> a field <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ceṟu</foreign></supplied> that which the king has given, at the time of taking the village, as <gap reason="ellipsis"/> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nettal paṭṭi</foreign></supplied>.
</p>
</div>
<div type="commentary">
<p>The findspot is Mēlcāṇaṅkuppam in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Dayalan2005_01"/></bibl>.</p>
</div>
<div type="bibliography">
<p>
Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Tayalan1995_01"/></bibl> (Āvaṇam no. 3.1); text in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Dayalan2005_01"/></bibl>; re-edited and translated here by Emmanuel Francis (2022), based on photographs (2009).
</p>
<listBibl type="primary">
<bibl n="T">
<ptr target="bib:Tayalan1995_01"/>
<citedRange unit="item">3.1</citedRange>
</bibl>
<bibl n="DD">
<ptr target="bib:Dayalan2005_01"/>
<citedRange unit="volume">3</citedRange>
<citedRange unit="appendix">I</citedRange>
<citedRange unit="page">1308</citedRange>
<citedRange unit="item">71</citedRange>
</bibl>
</listBibl>
<listBibl type="secondary">
<bibl n="ARIE">
<ptr target="bib:ARIE1992-1993"/>
<citedRange unit="page">53</citedRange>
<citedRange unit="appendix">B/1992-93</citedRange>
<citedRange unit="item">316</citedRange>
</bibl>
</listBibl>
</div>
</body>
</text>
</TEI>
Commentary
The findspot is Mēlcāṇaṅkuppam in Dayalan 2005.