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· <title>Mahābalipuram Gopis’ churn word</title>
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15 <forename>Emmanuel</forename>
· <surname>Francis</surname>
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20 <resp>intellectual authorship of edition</resp>
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· <forename>Emmanuel</forename>
· <surname>Francis</surname>
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30 <idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSPallava00363</idno>
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· Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit
35 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to
· Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View,
· California, 94041, USA.</p>
· <p>Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Emmanuel Francis.</p>
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50 <summary>Isolated name found on a cistern excavated in a rock in front of the Trimūrti cave. This cistern is nowadays called the Gopi's Churn in reference to Kṛṣṇa narratives. The inscription itself consist in four syllables in Grantha script. It appears to be a name, either a graffiti or a signature. It is not clear if it has a closer connexion with the cistern on which it is engraved.</summary>
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· <p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)
· under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant
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85 <body>
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· <p>
90 <lb n="1"/><hi rend="grantha"><unclear>śrī</unclear>-k<choice><unclear>a</unclear><unclear>ā</unclear></choice>viti</hi>
· </p>
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95 <div type="apparatus">
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· <lem>k<choice><unclear>a</unclear><unclear>ā</unclear></choice>viti</lem>
100 <rdg source="bib:ARIE1959-1960">k<unclear>ā</unclear>viti</rdg>
· <rdg source="bib:Jouveau-Dubreuil1916_01">kadhīti</rdg>
· <rdg source="bib:Mahalingam1988_01">k<unclear>a</unclear>viti</rdg>
· <note>There is on the stone some mark that could be the glyph for <foreign>-ā</foreign>. Whether the inscription was not deeply engraved or has been worn out, both readings are possible, even though <foreign>kāviti</foreign> makes more sense. On the figures published by Jouveau-Dubreuil the reading is <foreign>kaviti</foreign>.</note>
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105
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110
· <p>
· The glorious Kāviti.
· </p></div>
·
115 <div type="translation" xml:lang="fra" resp="part:emfr">
·
· <p>
· L'illustre Kāviti.
· </p>
120 </div>
·
·<div type="commentary">
·
· <p>On <foreign>kāviti</foreign>, see MTL, s.v.: 1. Ancient title bestowed on Vēḷāḷas by Pāṇḍya kings; 2. Title conferred on Vaiśya ladies; 3. Minister; 4. Accountant caste; 5. Collector of revenues.</p>
125 <p>A poet named Peruṅkāviti Caṭaiyaṉpaḷḷi composed the verse in <ref target="DHARMA_INSPallava00119">INSPallava00119</ref>, see line 13.</p>
· <p><bibl><ptr target="bib:Lockwood1993_01"/></bibl> (p. 163) suggests that <foreign>kāviti</foreign>, which he reads <foreign>kaviti</foreign>, in fact represents what would be pronounced <foreign>gaviti</foreign> in Tamil and would mean <foreign>gokula</foreign>. It seems that this interpretation is based on the assumption that the name Gopis' churn has some relevance to the Pallava period, which one may doubt like in the case of other landmarks of Mahābalipuram recently (18th/19th century) renamed after Kṛṣṇa, e.g. the nearby Kṛṣṇa's butter ball.</p>
·
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·
130 <div type="bibliography">
·
· <p>Reported in <bibl><ptr target="bib:ARIE1959-1960"/></bibl>.</p>
· <p>Text in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl> (IP 363).</p>
· <p>Edited here by Emmanuel Francis (2020), based on autopsy and photographs (2017).</p>
135
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140 <citedRange unit="plate">XXXI, B (facing page 64)</citedRange>
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145 <citedRange unit="plate">XXXI, B (facing page 59)</citedRange>
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150 <citedRange unit="item">363</citedRange>
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160 <citedRange unit="page">73</citedRange>
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165 <bibl>
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Commentary
On kāviti, see MTL, s.v.: 1. Ancient title bestowed on Vēḷāḷas by Pāṇḍya kings; 2. Title conferred on Vaiśya ladies; 3. Minister; 4. Accountant caste; 5. Collector of revenues.
A poet named Peruṅkāviti Caṭaiyaṉpaḷḷi composed the verse in INSPallava00119, see line 13.
Lockwood 1993 (p. 163) suggests that kāviti, which he reads kaviti, in fact represents what would be pronounced gaviti in Tamil and would mean gokula. It seems that this interpretation is based on the assumption that the name Gopis’ churn has some relevance to the Pallava period, which one may doubt like in the case of other landmarks of Mahābalipuram recently (18th/19th century) renamed after Kṛṣṇa, e.g. the nearby Kṛṣṇa’s butter ball.