Hanumantapuram hero-stone, time of Īccuvaraparumaṉ, year 17

Editor: Emmanuel Francis.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSPallava00253.

Language: Tamil.

Repository: Pallava (tfa-pallava-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-10-29 23:21 (731357b), last modified 2024-09-10 11:54 (117d0d9).

Edition

Logical
Physical
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⟨1⟩ kō-vicaiya-Īccuvara-paruma⟨2⟩ṟk¡i!⟨u⟩ yāṇṭu patiṉē¡ḻḻ!⟨ḻ⟩-āvat’

a⟨3⟩¡ṉ!⟨ṅ⟩kaṭ ¡kaṉai-Ūr!⟨kaṉai-y-ūr⟩ māṟṟ-uṭai pa⟨4⟩ṭa-t tāṉ aṟupaṭṭāṉ kāṭṭiṟai⟨5⟩kaḷ cēvakaṉ pūtūr cāttaṉ

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ °vicaiya-Īccu° ⬦ °vijaya-rājacu° ARIE 1899–1900 • This reading in Hultzsch 1900 is tentative though, as indicated by a question mark. — ⟨1⟩ °parumaṟk¡i!⟨u⟩ yāṇṭu ⬦ paruma()ṟk¡i!⟨u⟩ yāṇṭu EH • The ṟ in °parumāṟki is clear on the stone. • We do not follow Hultzsch 1902–1903 in considering that we have here iyāṇṭu, that is yāṇṭu with epenthesis. Although this is possible, it seems unlikely considering other attestations of the dative variant -ki for -ku. See, e.g., tfaPallava252, of the same Īccuvaravarman, where, in lines 1-3, we find kō-vicaiya-Ī(c)cuvaraparumaṟki paṉṉiraṇṭ-āvatu.

Translation by Hultzsch 1902–1903

In the seventeenth year [of the reign] of king Vijaya-Īśvaravarman, when Kaṉaiyūr fell into the possession of the enemies, Cāttaṉ of Pūtūr himself, the servant of Kāṭṭiṟai, was cut down.

Translation by Emmanuel Francis

(1–2) Seventeenth year of the victorious king Īccuvaraparumaṉ.¹

(2–5) When, there (aṅkaṇ), [at] Kaṉaiyūr a change of property occured, Cāttaṉ [of] Pūtūr, the servant [of] the honourable Kāṭṭiṟai, was himself cut down.

Commentary

Hultzsch: fn6: māṟṟu seems to be used in the sense of māṟṟār, ‘enemies.’ We can keep the meaning "to change", even though, from the etymological point of view, māṟṟār, "enemies", derives from the same root māṟṟu (viṉaittokai) + uṭai = literally "changing possession", that is a change of property, that is, a cattle-raid.

Hultzsch: "Unlike other vīrakkals, the stone bears no sculptures of any kind." Untrue. See slab in Chennai Government Museum (acc. no. 2160/78). Hultzsch worked with estampages of the inscriptions only.

Hultzsch: Īśvaravarman = Gaṅga-Pallava

Hultzsch: kāṭṭiṟai, "king of the forester" = synonym of kāṭavaṉ, "forester".

Hultzsch: Pūtūr = hamlet of Pennagaram.

See tfaPallava513, same slab (right of the present inscription).

Bibliography

Edited in Hultzsch 1902–1903 with facsimile and English translation (EI 7, no. 4.2.A), based on an inked estampage; text and summary in Mahalingam 1988 (IP 253/A); re-edited here by Emmanuel Francis (2020), based on autopsy and photographs (2019).

Primary

[EH] Hultzsch, Eugen Julius Theodor. 1902–1903. “Three memorial stones.” EI 7, pp. 22–26. Pages 23–24, item I/A.

[IP] Mahalingam, T. V. 1988. Inscriptions of the Pallavas. New Delhi; Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Agam Prakashan. Pages 627–628, item 253/B.

Secondary

[ARIE 1899-1900] Hultzsch, Eugen Julius Theodor. 1900. G.O. etc., Nos. 833-34, 22nd August 1900. Epigraphy. Passing orders on the annual report on – for 1899-1900. Copy to the Government of India. Madras: Government of Madras, Public Department. Page 49, appendix B/1900, item 16.

Notes

1. Sanskrit Īśvaravarman.

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<lem>°vicaiya-Īccu°</lem>

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<note>The <foreign>ṟ</foreign> in <foreign>°parumāṟki</foreign> is clear on the stone.</note>

<note>We do not follow <bibl><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1902-1903_01"/></bibl> in considering that we have here <foreign>iyāṇṭu</foreign>, that is <foreign>yāṇṭu</foreign> with epenthesis. Although this is possible, it seems unlikely considering other attestations of the dative variant <foreign>-ki</foreign> for <foreign>-ku</foreign>. See, e.g., tfaPallava252, of the same Īccuvaravarman, where, in lines 1-3, we find <foreign>kō-vicaiya-Ī<unclear>c</unclear>cuvaraparumaṟki paṉṉiraṇṭ-āvatu</foreign>.</note>

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In the seventeenth year <supplied reason="subaudible">of the reign</supplied> of king Vijaya-Īśvaravarman, when Kaṉaiyūr fell into the possession of the enemies, Cāttaṉ of Pūtūr himself, the servant of Kāṭṭiṟai, was cut down.

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Seventeenth year of the victorious king Īccuvaraparumaṉ.<note>Sanskrit Īśvaravarman.</note>

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When, there (<foreign>aṅkaṇ</foreign>), <supplied reason="subaudible">at</supplied> Kaṉaiyūr a change of property occured, Cāttaṉ <supplied reason="subaudible">of</supplied> Pūtūr, the servant <supplied reason="subaudible">of</supplied> the honourable Kāṭṭiṟai, was himself cut down.

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<p>Hultzsch: fn6: māṟṟu seems to be used in the sense of māṟṟār, ‘enemies.’ We can keep the meaning "to change", even though, from the etymological point of view, māṟṟār, "enemies", derives from the same root māṟṟu (viṉaittokai) + uṭai = literally "changing possession", that is a change of property, that is, a cattle-raid.</p>

<p>Hultzsch: "Unlike other vīrakkals, the stone bears no sculptures of any kind." Untrue. See slab in Chennai Government Museum (acc. no. 2160/78). Hultzsch worked with estampages of the inscriptions only.</p>

<p>Hultzsch: Īśvaravarman = Gaṅga-Pallava</p>

<p>Hultzsch: kāṭṭiṟai, "king of the forester" = synonym of kāṭavaṉ, "forester".</p>

<p>Hultzsch: Pūtūr = hamlet of Pennagaram.</p>

<p>See tfaPallava513, same slab (right of the present inscription).</p>

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Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Hultzsch1902-1903_01"/></bibl> with facsimile and English translation (EI 7, no. 4.2.A), based on an inked estampage; text and summary in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl> (IP 253/A); re-edited here by Emmanuel Francis (2020), based on autopsy and photographs (2019).

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