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· <title>List of <foreign>avatāra</foreign>s in Ādivarāha cave, Mahābalipuram</title>
· <respStmt>
· <resp>intellectual authorship of edition</resp>
· <persName ref="part:sybr">
15 <forename>Sylvain</forename>
· <surname>Brocquet</surname>
· </persName>
· <persName ref="part:emfr">
· <forename>Emmanuel</forename>
20 <surname>Francis</surname>
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25 <persName ref="part:emfr">
· <forename>Emmanuel</forename>
· <surname>Francis</surname>
· </persName>
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30 </titleStmt>
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· <authority>DHARMA</authority>
· <pubPlace>Paris, CEIAS</pubPlace>
· <idno type="filename">DHARMA_INSPallava00250</idno>
35 <availability>
· <licence target="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
· <p>This work is licenced under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported
· Licence. To view a copy of the licence, visit
· https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ or send a letter to
40 Creative Commons, 444 Castro Street, Suite 900, Mountain View,
· California, 94041, USA.</p>
· <p>Copyright (c) 2019-2025 by Sylvain Brocquet & Emmanuel Francis.</p>
· </licence>
· </availability>
45 <date from="2019" to="2025">2019-2025</date>
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· <sourceDesc>
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50 <repository>DHARMAbase</repository>
· <idno/>
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· <msContents>
· <summary>A verse list of the ten <foreign>avatāra</foreign>s, which
55 interestingly includes Buddha, but not Kṛṣṇa.</summary>
· </msContents>
· <physDesc>
· <handDesc>
· <p>The Grantha script is not well mastered. See <foreign>p</foreign> and
60 <foreign>s</foreign> confusion.</p>
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65 </fileDesc>
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· <p>The project DHARMA has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC)
· under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant
70 agreement no 809994).</p>
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90 <body>
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·
· <lg n="1" met="anuṣtubh">
95
· <l n="a" real="++++-++-">
· <lb n="1"/><supplied reason="lost">matsyaḥ kūrmo var</supplied><unclear>ā</unclear>ha<choice><sic>sy</sic><corr>ś c</corr></choice>a
· </l>
· <l n="b" real="+-++-+--">
100 nāra<unclear reason="eccentric_ductus">s</unclear>iṁhaś ca vāmana<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied>
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· rāmo rāma<choice><sic>py</sic><corr>ś c</corr></choice>a rāma<choice><sic>sy</sic><corr>ś c</corr></choice>a
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105 <l n="d" real="++++-+--">
· buddha<supplied reason="omitted">ḥ</supplied> kalkī ca te daśa <g type="ddandaOrnate">.</g>
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110
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115 <listApp>
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· <lem><supplied reason="lost">matsyaḥ kūrmo var</supplied><unclear>ā</unclear>ha<choice><sic>sy</sic><corr>ś c</corr></choice>a</lem>
· <note>We follow here the restoration suggested by <bibl><ptr target="bib:KrishnaSastri1926_01"/></bibl>.</note>
120 </app>
·
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· <lem>nāra<unclear reason="eccentric_ductus">s</unclear>iṁhaś</lem>
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125 </app>
·
· <app loc="1">
· <lem>rāma<choice><sic>py</sic><corr>ś c</corr></choice>a</lem>
· <rdg source="bib:KrishnaSastri1926_01">rāma<choice><sic>sy</sic><corr>ś c</corr></choice>a</rdg>
130 </app>
·
· <app loc="1">
· <lem><g type="ddandaOrnate">.</g></lem>
· <rdg source="bib:KrishnaSastri1926_01">|||</rdg>
135 <note>The punctuation mark (end of stanza) is, it seems from the estampage published in <bibl n="HKS">
· <ptr target="bib:KrishnaSastri1926_01"/>
· </bibl>, a joint double <foreign>daṇḍa</foreign>.</note>
· </app>
·
140 </listApp>
·
· </div>
·
· <div type="translation" resp="part:emfr">
145 <p rend="stanza" n="1">
· <l><supplied reason="lost">The Fish, the Turtle</supplied>, and the Boar,</l>
· <l>The Man-Lion and the Dwarf,</l>
· <l>Rāma, Rāma, and Rāma,</l>
· <l>Buddha and Kalkin: such are the ten.</l>
150 </p>
· </div>
·
·<div type="translation" xml:lang="fra" source="bib:Brocquet1997_01">
·
155 <p rend="stanza" n="1">
· <l><supplied reason="lost">Le poisson, la tortue,</supplied> et le sanglier,</l>
· <l>Et l’homme-lion, le nain,</l>
· <l>Rāma, et Rāma, et Rāma,</l>
· <l>Buddha, et Kalkin : tels sont les Dix.</l>
160 </p>
·
· </div>
·
· <div type="commentary">
165 <p>
· The three Rāmas are respectively Paraśurāma, Rāmacandra or Dāśaratha Rāma, and Balarāma.
· </p>
· <p>
· This verse is also found in the Southern recension of the Mahābhārata. See <bibl>
170 <ptr target="bib:Hazra1940_01"/>
· <citedRange unit="page">84</citedRange>
· </bibl>, <bibl>
· <ptr target="bib:Francis2014_02"/>
· <citedRange unit="page">216-218</citedRange>
175 </bibl>.
· </p>
·
· <p>
· <bibl><ptr target="bib:Hazra1940_01"/><citedRange unit="page">84</citedRange></bibl>
180 note que la strophe est quasi identique à Mbh XII.348.2 (Kumbhakoṇam ed. mais pas dans les éd. ASB, Bombay et Vaṅga) : matsyaḥ kūrmo varāhaś ca narasiṁho ’tha vāmanaḥ | rāmo rāmaś ca rāmaś ca buddhaḥ kalkīti te daśa ||.
· </p>
· <p>
· <bibl><ptr target="bib:Srinivasan1964_01"/><citedRange unit="page">173</citedRange></bibl>: la plus ancienne énumération épigraphique des dix avatāra. Fait intéressant, elle n’inclut pas Kṛṣṇa et inclut Buddha.
· </p>
185 <p>
· <bibl><ptr target="bib:Gail1969_01"/><citedRange unit="page">15</citedRange></bibl>: renvoie à R. C. HAZRA (1940, p. 88) avec une strophe encore plus proche : matsyaḥ kūrmo varāhaś ca nārasiṁho ’tha vāmanaḥ | rāmo rāmaś ca rāmaś ca buddhaḥ kalkī ca te daśa ||.
· </p>
· <p>
· <bibl><ptr target="bib:Rabe1996_01"/><citedRange unit="page">227</citedRange></bibl>: atteste l’implication dynastique, impliquant que le roi appartient à la continuation de la lignée des avatāra de Viṣṇu (et les 2 autres rois aussi). But it is not clear if this is a royal inscription or not.
190 </p>
·
· </div>
·
· <div type="bibliography">
195
· <p>
· Edited and translated by <bibl><ptr target="bib:KrishnaSastri1926_01"/></bibl>, with a facsimile (EI 17, no. 5); text and summary in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl> (IP 53); text and translation in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Brocquet1997_01"/></bibl> (B no. 69), <bibl><ptr target="bib:Francis2017_01"/></bibl> (IR 53).</p>
· <p>This edition by Sylvain Brocquet & Emmanuel Francis (2020), based on the estampage published in <bibl><ptr target="bib:KrishnaSastri1926_01"/></bibl>.
· </p>
200
· <listBibl type="primary">
·
· <bibl n="HKS">
· <ptr target="bib:KrishnaSastri1926_01"/>
205 </bibl>
·
· <bibl n="IP">
· <ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/>
· <citedRange unit="page">624</citedRange>
210 <citedRange unit="item">250</citedRange>
· </bibl>
· <bibl n="SB">
· <ptr target="bib:Brocquet1997_01"/>
· <citedRange unit="page">777</citedRange>
215 <citedRange unit="item">69</citedRange>
· </bibl>
· <bibl n="EF">
· <ptr target="bib:Francis2017_01"/>
· <citedRange unit="page">538</citedRange>
220 </bibl>
·
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·
· <listBibl type="secondary">
225
· <bibl n="ARIE 1922-1923">
· <ptr target="bib:ARIE1922-1923"/>
· <citedRange unit="page">45, 94</citedRange>
· <citedRange unit="appendix">B/1922</citedRange>
230 <citedRange unit="item">663</citedRange>
· </bibl>
·
· <bibl>
· <ptr target="bib:Hazra1940_01"/>
235 <citedRange unit="page">84</citedRange>
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·
· <bibl>
· <ptr target="bib:Srinivasan1964_01"/>
240 <citedRange unit="page">173</citedRange>
· </bibl>
·
· <bibl>
· <ptr target="bib:Gail1969_01"/>
245 <citedRange unit="page">15</citedRange>
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·
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· <ptr target="bib:Rabe1996_01"/>
250 <citedRange unit="page">227</citedRange>
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·
· <bibl>
· <ptr target="bib:Francis2013_01"/>
255 <citedRange unit="page">285</citedRange>
· <citedRange unit="item">IR 53</citedRange>
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·
· <bibl>
260 <ptr target="bib:Francis2014_02"/>
· <citedRange unit="page">216-218</citedRange>
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·
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265
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·
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Commentary
The three Rāmas are respectively Paraśurāma, Rāmacandra or Dāśaratha Rāma, and Balarāma.
This verse is also found in the Southern recension of the Mahābhārata. See Hazra 1940, p. 84, Francis 2014, pp. 216–218.
Hazra 1940, p. 84 note que la strophe est quasi identique à Mbh XII.348.2 (Kumbhakoṇam ed. mais pas dans les éd. ASB, Bombay et Vaṅga) : matsyaḥ kūrmo varāhaś ca narasiṁho ’tha vāmanaḥ | rāmo rāmaś ca rāmaś ca buddhaḥ kalkīti te daśa ||.
Srinivasan 1964, p. 173: la plus ancienne énumération épigraphique des dix avatāra. Fait intéressant, elle n’inclut pas Kṛṣṇa et inclut Buddha.
Gail 1969, p. 15: renvoie à R. C. HAZRA (1940, p. 88) avec une strophe encore plus proche : matsyaḥ kūrmo varāhaś ca nārasiṁho ’tha vāmanaḥ | rāmo rāmaś ca rāmaś ca buddhaḥ kalkī ca te daśa ||.
Rabe 1996, p. 227: atteste l’implication dynastique, impliquant que le roi appartient à la continuation de la lignée des avatāra de Viṣṇu (et les 2 autres rois aussi). But it is not clear if this is a royal inscription or not.