Uttiramērūr, donation, time of Kampavarman, year 15

Editor: Emmanuel Francis.

Identifier: DHARMA_INSPallava00218.

Languages: Sanskrit, Tamil.

Repository: Pallava (tfa-pallava-epigraphy).

Version: 2024-09-19 15:29 (e8a670e), last modified 2024-06-06 16:22 (18e0138).

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⟨1⟩ [svasti śrī]

kō-vicaiya-kam·pa-varmmaṟ·kku ‡ yāṇ·ṭu pa‡ti‡ṉ aint-āvatu

(kā)liyūr-k-kōṭṭattu ‡ taṉ kūṟ‡ṟu Uttarameru-c-catu(r)vveti-maṅkalat⟨2⟩[tu] [ca. 3×]l Aṅkāṭi tēvaṉtai kaḻu‡kkuṉṟa‡ṉ-ēṉ Eḻut(tu)

kāliyūr-k-kōṭṭat‡tu taṉ ‡ kūṟṟu Ut=tarameru-c-caturvveti-maṅkalattu ⟨3⟩ [vayiramē]ka-taṭākattukku-{d} dha⟨r⟩mmam āka nā‡ṉ nūṟ‡ṟuk kaḻañcu poṉṉum Iru-patte‡ṇ kāṭi ne‡llum kuṭuttēṉ

I¡ṉ!⟨n⟩-nūṟṟu-k ka⟨4⟩[ḻañcu] (po)⌉ṉṉālum Iru[pat]t’ eṇ-kāṭi nellā‡lum Ā‡ṭṭāṇṭu-tōṟum nilamum ¿n?⟨ñ⟩āy¿a?⟨i⟩ṟum Uḷḷa ‡ tuṇaiyu‡m poli-y ūṭṭu kaḻañciṉ vāy Iraṇṭu ⟨5⟩ [mañcāṭi]-(p) palicai-y āka tiraḷ patiṉ kaḻañcu ‡ poṉṉu‡mu-k-kāṭi nār-nellum

Ip-patiṉ kaḻa‡ñcu po‡ṉṉum mu-k-kāṭi I(ṟai) nellum Iv⟨6⟩[vayiramē](ka)-taṭākattukkē-y vai¿yy?⟨k⟩āci mutal (ā)‡ka Iraṇṭu ‡ tiṅkaḷ Akappaṭa patiṉ kaḻañcu poṉ‡ṉum mu‡-k-kāṭi (I)¡r!⟨ṟ⟩ai nellum Aṭṭi-k kuḻi kutti-k (ka)⟨7⟩[rai mē](l-ē)y Aṭṭiv¡iy!⟨i⟩ppārkaḷ āka

Ippa‡ricu dha⟨r⟩mma‡m āka-k kuṭuttēṉ tēvaṉtai kaḻukkuṉ‡ṟa¡n!⟨ṉ⟩-ēṉ

sa‡bhaiyōmum Ip-paric-ē-y ivv-ēri-k⟨8⟩kē-y Ip-pat(i)ṉ kaḻañcu poṉṉum Im-mu-k=kāṭi I(ṟai) nel‡lum Iv‡v-er(i)kk-ēy dha⟨r⟩mmam āka kuḻi kutti (kaḷ/karai) mē¡ll!⟨l⟩ē ‡ Aṭṭuvō‡m āṉōm Āṭṭāṇṭu-tōṟum Aṭṭi⟨9⟩vippōm āṉōm sabhaiyōm

Itu ‡ Aṉṟ’ eṉ‡ṟār I-dha⟨r⟩mmam Iṟakkiṉa pāvattil-p pa‡ṭuvār‡ka¡ḷḷ!⟨ḷ⟩ āka-p

paṇitt(ō)ṁ sabhaiyō⟨10⟩m

I-dha⟨r⟩mmattai ra¿t?⟨k⟩ṣittār śrī-pādam Eṉ ‡ (ṟa)lai mē¡l‡l!⟨l⟩aṉa

I(vvai) Eḻuttu veṭṭinēṉ ciṟṟalaṉ ‡ makaṉ tē‡vaṭiyēṉ ⁋

⟨1⟩ [svasti śrī]   kō-vicaiya-kam·pa-varmmaṟ·kku ‡ yāṇ·ṭu pa‡ti‡ṉ aint-āvatu   (kā)liyūr-k-kōṭṭattu ‡ taṉ kūṟ‡ṟu Uttarameru-c-catu(r)vveti-maṅkalat-
⟨2⟩ [tu] [***]l Aṅkāṭi tēvaṉtai kaḻu‡kkuṉṟa‡ṉ-ēṉ Eḻut(tu)   kāliyūr-k-kōṭṭat‡tu taṉ ‡ kūṟṟu Ut=tarameru-c-caturvveti-maṅkalattu 
⟨3⟩ [vayiramē]ka-taṭākattukku-{d} dha⟨r⟩mmam āka nā‡ṉ nūṟ‡ṟuk kaḻañcu poṉṉum Iru-patte‡ṇ kāṭi ne‡llum kuṭuttēṉ   I¡ṉ!⟨n⟩-nūṟṟu-k ka-
⟨4⟩ [ḻañcu] (po)⌉ṉṉālum Iru[pat]t’ eṇ-kāṭi nellā‡lum Ā‡ṭṭāṇṭu-tōṟum nilamum ¿n?⟨ñ⟩āy¿a?⟨i⟩ṟum Uḷḷa ‡ tuṇaiyu‡m poli-y ūṭṭu kaḻañciṉ vāy Iraṇṭu 
⟨5⟩ [mañcāṭi]-(p) palicai-y āka tiraḷ patiṉ kaḻañcu ‡ poṉṉu‡mu-k-kāṭi nār-nellum   Ip-patiṉ kaḻa‡ñcu po‡ṉṉum mu-k-kāṭi I(ṟai) nellum Iv-
⟨6⟩ [vayiramē](ka)-taṭākattukkē-y vai¿yy?⟨k⟩āci mutal (ā)‡ka Iraṇṭu ‡ tiṅkaḷ Akappaṭa patiṉ kaḻañcu poṉ‡ṉum mu‡-k-kāṭi (I)¡r!⟨ṟ⟩ai nellum Aṭṭi-k kuḻi kutti-k (ka)-
⟨7⟩ [rai mē](l-ē)y Aṭṭiv¡iy!⟨i⟩ppārkaḷ āka   Ippa‡ricu dha⟨r⟩mma‡m āka-k kuṭuttēṉ tēvaṉtai kaḻukkuṉ‡ṟa¡n!⟨ṉ⟩-ēṉ   sa‡bhaiyōmum Ip-paric-ē-y ivv-ēri-k-
⟨8⟩ kē-y Ip-pat(i)ṉ kaḻañcu poṉṉum Im-mu-k=kāṭi I(ṟai) nel‡lum Iv‡v-er(i)kk-ēy dha⟨r⟩mmam āka kuḻi kutti (kaḷ/karai) mē¡ll!⟨l⟩ē ‡ Aṭṭuvō‡m āṉōm Āṭṭāṇṭu-tōṟum Aṭṭi-
⟨9⟩ vippōm āṉōm sabhaiyōm   Itu ‡ Aṉṟ’ eṉ‡ṟār I-dha⟨r⟩mmam Iṟakkiṉa pāvattil-p pa‡ṭuvār‡ka¡ḷḷ!⟨ḷ⟩ āka-p   paṇitt(ō)ṁ sabhaiyō-
⟨10⟩ m  I-dha⟨r⟩mmattai ra¿t?⟨k⟩ṣittār śrī-pādam Eṉ ‡ (ṟa)lai mē¡l‡l!⟨l⟩aṉa   I(vvai) Eḻuttu veṭṭinēṉ ciṟṟalaṉ ‡ makaṉ tē‡vaṭiyēṉ ⁋  

⟨1⟩ [svasti śrī]

kō-vicaiya-kam·pa-varmmaṟ·kku ‡ yāṇ·ṭu pa‡ti‡ṉ aint-āvatu

(kā)liyūr-k-kōṭṭattu ‡ taṉ kūṟ‡ṟu Uttarameru-c-catu(r)vveti-maṅkalat⟨2⟩[tu] [ca. 3×]l Aṅkāṭi tēvaṉtai kaḻu‡kkuṉṟa‡ṉ-ēṉ Eḻut(tu)

Ippa‡ricu dha⟨r⟩mma‡m āka-k kuṭuttēṉ tēvaṉtai kaḻukkuṉ‡ṟa¡n!⟨ṉ⟩-ēṉ

Itu ‡ Aṉṟ’ eṉ‡ṟār I-dha⟨r⟩mmam Iṟakkiṉa pāvattil-p pa‡ṭuvār‡ka¡ḷḷ!⟨ḷ⟩ āka-p

paṇitt(ō)ṁ sabhaiyō⟨10⟩m

I-dha⟨r⟩mmattai ra¿t?⟨k⟩ṣittār śrī-pādam Eṉ ‡ (ṟa)lai mē¡l‡l!⟨l⟩aṉa

I(vvai) Eḻuttu veṭṭinēṉ ciṟṟalaṉ ‡ makaṉ tē‡vaṭiyēṉ ⁋

Apparatus

⟨1⟩ [svasti śrī] • Obvious restoration, not made by Subrahmanya Aiyer 1928 nor by Mahalingam 1988. — ⟨1⟩ pa‡ti‡ṉ ⬦ pa(ti)ṉ KVSA • The character ti is clearly engraved on the perpendicular side of the pilaster, which is an integral part of the block. This is the only occurrence in this inscription of a character is engraved on the perpendicular side of such a pilaster. — ⟨1⟩ Uttarameru-c-catu(r)vveti° ⬦ Uttarameru-c-caturvveti° KVSA •

⟨3⟩ °taṭākattukku-{d} dha⟨r⟩mmam āka nā‡ṉ ⬦ °taṭākattu(k)ku dha⟨r⟩mma [3+] ṉ KVSA.

⟨4⟩ Iru[pat]t’ ⬦ Irupatt’ KVSA • The stone appears to have suffered recent damage.

⟨5⟩ [mañcāṭi]-(p) • This restoration implied in Mahalingam 1988’s summary is very likely.

⟨6⟩ vai¿yy?⟨k⟩āci ⬦ vaiyāci KVSA. — ⟨6⟩ (I)¡r!⟨ṟ⟩ai ⬦ Irai KVSA; Iṟai IP. — ⟨6⟩ (ka)[rai mē](l-ē)y ⬦ (ka) [8+] (la)y KVSA; (ka) [8+] (k=kapaṭṭā)lēy KVSA; (ka) [8+] (l)y IP • The first Subrahmanya Aiyer 1928’s reading is that of his first reading of line 7, the second that of his second reading of line 7, that is, his line 8. The reading by Mahalingam 1988 appears to be a typo in reproducing Subrahmanya Aiyer 1928’s second reading.

⟨7⟩ dha⟨r⟩mma‡m ⬦ dharmma‡m KVSA.

⟨8⟩ I(ṟai) nel‡lum Iv‡v-er(i)kk-ēy ⬦ Irai Ce [1+] lum Iv(v-eri)kk-ēy KVSA. — ⟨8⟩ dha⟨r⟩mmam āka kuḻi ⬦ dharmmam āka kuḻi KVSA • As the u in ku extends below the preceding character ka, one could alternatively read dharmmam āk=kuḻi, which does not however make sense. — ⟨8⟩ (kaḷ/karai) ⬦ karai KVSA • I read kaḷ on pictures, but the correct reading must be karai. — ⟨8⟩ Āṭṭāṇṭu-tōṟum Aṭṭi⟨9⟩vippōm ⬦ Āṭṭāṇ[4+]⟨9⟩vippōm KVSA.

⟨9⟩ I-dha⟨r⟩mmam ⬦ I-dharmmam KVSA. — ⟨9⟩ pāvattil-p ⬦ (p)⟨ā⟩vat{ā}til-p KVSA. — ⟨9⟩ paṇitt(ō)ṁ sabhaiyō⟨10⟩m ⬦ paṇit [4+] KVSA.

⟨10⟩ I-dha⟨r⟩mmattai ⬦ I-dharmmattai KVSA. — ⟨10⟩ Eṉ ‡ ṟalai ⬦ Eṉ (ṟa)lai KVSA. — ⟨10⟩ mē¡l‡l!⟨l⟩aṉa ⬦ mēl(liṉa) KVSA. — ⟨10⟩ ciṟṟalaṉ ⬦ (pi)ṭṭayaṉ KVSA.

Translation by Emmanuel Francis

(1) ¿Prosperity! Fortune!?

(1) Fifteenth year of the victorious king Kampavikramavarman.

(1–2) Writing/Writ of I, Tēvaṉtai Kaḻukkuṉṟaṉ of the […] ¿market? (aṅkāṭi) of Uttaramērucaturvedimaṅgala in Kāliyūrkkōṭṭam, in the division of the same name.

(2–3) I (nāṉ) have given one hundred kaḻañcus of gold and twenty-eight kāṭis of paddy as pious gift for the Vayiramēkam (Skt. vajra-megha) tank of Uttaramērucaturvedimaṅgala in Kāliyūrkkōṭṭam, in the division of the same name.

(3–5) With these four hundred kaḻañcus of gold and and twenty-eight kāṭis of paddy, each and every year, as long as the earth and the sun [last] (nilamum ñāyiṟum uḷḷa tuṇaiyum, literally “up to the extent which is that of the earth and the sun”), whereas the interest rate is (palicai-y āka) two ¿mañcāṭis? [per] kaḻañcu (kaḻañciṉ vāy iraṇṭu mañcāṭi) [yielding] earning interest (poli-y ūṭṭu), [there is thus] a total (tiraḷ) of ten kaḻañcus of gold and three kāṭis of ... paddy (nār-nel).

(5–7) [With] these ten kaḻañcus of gold and three kāṭis of taxable paddy, let [the members of the assembly] sabhaiyars) be those who have the silt removed (kuḻi kutti aṭṭi viyppārkaḷ) [[IP: for deepening and raising the bunds]] for this Vayiramēkam (Skt. vajra-megha) tank, so that two lunar months (tiṅkaḷ) be included (akappaṭa) beginning in the Vaikāci (month) (that is, the term is fixed for two months starting from Vaikāci month), by remitting/contributing (aṭṭi, literally “by pouring, putting”) ten kaḻañcus of gold and and three kāṭis of taxable paddy.

(7) In this wise (ipparicu), have I, Tēvaṉtai Kaḻukkuṉṟaṉ, given [these] as pious gift.

(7–9) [As for] We, the members of the assembly, in this wise, for this tank, so that these ten kaḻañcus of gold and these three kāṭis of taxable paddy be a pious gift for this tank, We, the members of the assembly, will, each and every year, remove (aṭṭuvōm āṉōm) the silt (kuḻi kutti) and have [it] removed (aṭṭivippōm āṉōm) [[add literal translation?]] above the banks (karai mēl-ē).

(9) Those who say “This is not [so]”, let them undergo the sin of injuring this pious gift.

(9–10) [Thus] have We, the members of the assembly, declared.

(10) Those who protect this pious gift, their feet are on my head.

(10) I, Tēvaṭi, son of Ciṟṟalaṉ, have engraved these letters/this writ.

Commentary

On three superposed rows of blocks, some displaying projecting pilasters, of the southern base of the smaller platform of the Vaikuṇṭhaperumāḷ temple. The first row (lines 1–2) is made of 3 blocks. The second row (lines 3–7) is made of 2 blocks. The third row (lines 8–10) is made of 3 blocks. The milestone unit is however "area" since in the first row a character (ti in pattiṉ) is engraved on the perpendicular side of the pilaster, which is an integral part of the block.

Subrahmanya Aiyer 1928, followed by Mahalingam 1988 edit 11 lines of text whereas there are only 10 lines. The reason is that Subrahmanya Aiyer 1928’s lines 7 and 8 are in fact two readings of the same line 7, included in the edition due to oversight.

Subrahmanya Aiyer 1928 and Mahalingam 1988 locate the lacunae at the end of the lines, while the examination in situ makes it clear that the lacunae are in the beginning of lines, as the fragmentary blocks are blocks a and d, the left parts of which are lost, not the blocks c and f. Furthermore, these lacunae on the edges of blocks concern only lines 1–7, not lines 1–9. The lacunae are longer in lines 1-2 (block a) than in lines 3–7 (block d). Restorations of these lacunae are made in the present edition, while Subrahmanya Aiyer 1928 and Mahalingam 1988 do not suggest any restoration except at the beginning of the second reading of line 7, that is, their line 8.

Note the notarial/administrative style, replete with redundances and repetions.

Bibliography

Edited in Subrahmanya Aiyer 1928 (SII 6, no. 375); text and summary in Mahalingam 1988 (IP 218); re-edited here, with substantial revisions, and first translated by Emmanuel Francis (2020) from autopsy and photographs (2019).

Primary

[KVSA] Subrahmanya Aiyer, K. V. 1928. South-Indian inscriptions (texts). Volume VI: Miscellaneous inscriptions from the Tamil, Telugu and Kannada countries. South Indian Inscriptions 6. Calcutta: Governement of India, Central Publication Branch. Page 172, item 375.

[IP] Mahalingam, T. V. 1988. Inscriptions of the Pallavas. New Delhi; Delhi: Indian Council of Historical Research; Agam Prakashan. Page 553, item 218.

Secondary

[ARIE 1897-1898] Hultzsch, Eugen Julius Theodor. 1898. G.O. Nos. 1093-1096, 29th August 1898. Epigraphy. Directing that the annual report of the Government Epigraphist for 1897-98 be forwarded to the Government of India, approving provisionally his programme of work for the next fields season. Madras: Government of Madras, Public Department. Page 18, appendix B/1898, item 90.

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paṇitt<unclear>ō</unclear>ṁ <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yō

<lb n="10" break="no"/>m

I-<hi rend="grantha">dha<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>mma</hi>ttai ra<choice><sic>t</sic><corr>k</corr></choice>ṣittār <hi rend="grantha">śrī-pāda</hi>m Eṉ ‡ <unclear>ṟa</unclear>lai mē<choice><orig>l‡l</orig><reg>l</reg></choice>aṉa

I<unclear>vvai</unclear> Eḻuttu veṭṭinēṉ ciṟṟalaṉ ‡ makaṉ tē‡vaṭiyēṉ <g type="finalGomutra">.</g>

</div>

<lem><hi rend="grantha"><supplied reason="lost">svasti śrī</supplied></hi></lem>

<note>Obvious restoration, not made by <bibl><ptr target="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01"/></bibl> nor by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl>.</note>

</app>

<note>The character <foreign>ti</foreign> is clearly engraved on the perpendicular side of the pilaster, which is an integral part of the block. This is the only occurrence in this inscription of a character is engraved on the perpendicular side of such a pilaster.</note>

</app>

<lem>Uttara<hi rend="grantha">meru</hi>-c-catu<hi rend="grantha"><unclear>r</unclear>vve</hi>ti°</lem>

<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01">Uttara<hi rend="grantha">meru-c-ca</hi>tu<hi rend="grantha">rvveti</hi>°</rdg>

<note/>

</app>

<lem>°taṭākattukku-<hi rend="grantha"><surplus>d</surplus> dha<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>mma</hi>m āka nā‡ṉ</lem>

<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01">°taṭākattu<unclear>k</unclear>ku <hi rend="grantha">dha<supplied reason="omitted">r</supplied>mma</hi> <gap reason="lost" quantity="3" unit="character"/> ṉ</rdg>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01">Irupatt’</rdg>

<note>The stone appears to have suffered recent damage.</note>

</app>

<lem><supplied reason="lost">mañcāṭi</supplied>-<unclear>p</unclear></lem>

<note>This restoration implied in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl>'s summary is very likely.</note>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01">vaiyāci</rdg>

</app>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01"><unclear>ka</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="8" unit="character"/> <unclear>la</unclear>y</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01"><unclear>ka</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="8" unit="character"/> <unclear>k=kapaṭṭā</unclear>lēy</rdg>

<rdg source="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"><unclear>ka</unclear> <gap reason="lost" quantity="8" unit="character"/> <unclear>l</unclear>y</rdg>

<note>The first <bibl><ptr target="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01"/></bibl>'s reading is that of his first reading of line 7, the second that of his second reading of line 7, that is, his line 8. The reading by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl> appears to be a typo in reproducing <bibl><ptr target="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01"/></bibl>'s second reading.</note>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01"><hi rend="grantha">dharmma</hi>‡m</rdg>

</app>

<lem>I<unclear>ṟai</unclear> nel‡lum Iv‡v-er<unclear>i</unclear>kk-ēy</lem>

<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01">Irai Ce  <gap reason="lost" quantity="1" unit="character"/> lum Iv<unclear>v-eri</unclear>kk-ēy</rdg>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01"><hi rend="grantha">dharmma</hi>m āka kuḻi</rdg>

<note>As the <foreign>u</foreign> in <foreign>ku</foreign> extends below the preceding character <foreign>ka</foreign>, one could alternatively read <foreign><hi rend="grantha">dharmma</hi>m āk=kuḻi</foreign>, which does not however make sense.</note>

</app>

<lem><choice><unclear>kaḷ</unclear><unclear>karai</unclear></choice></lem>

<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01">karai</rdg>

<note>I read <foreign>kaḷ</foreign> on pictures, but the correct reading must be <foreign>karai</foreign>.</note>

</app>

<lem>Āṭṭāṇṭu-tōṟum Aṭṭi<lb n="9" break="no"/>vippōm</lem>

<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01">Āṭṭāṇ <gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/><lb n="9" break="no"/>vippōm</rdg>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01">I-<hi rend="grantha">dharmmam</hi></rdg>

</app>

<lem>pāvattil-p</lem>

</app>

<lem>paṇitt<unclear>ō</unclear>ṁ <hi rend="grantha">sabhai</hi>yō<lb n="10" break="no"/>m</lem>

<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01">paṇit <gap reason="lost" quantity="4" unit="character"/></rdg>

</app>

<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01">I-<hi rend="grantha">dharmma</hi>ttai</rdg>

</app>

<lem>Eṉ ‡ ṟalai</lem>

</app>

</app>

<lem>ciṟṟalaṉ</lem>

<rdg source="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01"><unclear>pi</unclear>ṭṭayaṉ</rdg>

</app>

</listApp>

</div>

<seg cert="low">Prosperity! Fortune!</seg>

Fifteenth year of the victorious king Kampavikramavarman.

Writing/Writ of I, Tēvaṉtai Kaḻukkuṉṟaṉ of the <gap reason="lost"/> <seg cert="low">market</seg> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>aṅkāṭi</foreign></supplied> of Uttaramērucaturvedimaṅgala in Kāliyūrkkōṭṭam, in the division of the same name.

I <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nāṉ</foreign></supplied> have given one hundred <foreign>kaḻañcu</foreign>s of gold and twenty-eight <foreign>kāṭi</foreign>s of paddy as pious gift for the Vayiramēkam (Skt. vajra-megha) tank of Uttaramērucaturvedimaṅgala in Kāliyūrkkōṭṭam, in the division of the same name.

With these four hundred <foreign>kaḻañcu</foreign>s of gold and and twenty-eight <foreign>kāṭi</foreign>s of paddy, each and every year, as long as the earth and the sun <supplied reason="subaudible">last</supplied> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nilamum ñāyiṟum uḷḷa tuṇaiyum</foreign>, literally “up to the extent which is that of the earth and the sun”</supplied>, whereas the interest rate is <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>palicai-y āka</foreign></supplied> two <seg cert="low"><foreign>mañcāṭi</foreign>s</seg> <supplied reason="subaudible">per</supplied> <foreign>kaḻañcu</foreign> <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kaḻañciṉ vāy iraṇṭu mañcāṭi</foreign></supplied> <supplied reason="subaudible">yielding</supplied> earning interest <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>poli-y ūṭṭu</foreign></supplied>,

<supplied reason="subaudible">there is thus</supplied> a total <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tiraḷ</foreign></supplied> of ten <foreign>kaḻañcu</foreign>s of gold and three <foreign>kāṭi</foreign>s of ...  paddy <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>nār-nel</foreign></supplied>.

<supplied reason="subaudible">With</supplied> these ten <foreign>kaḻañcu</foreign>s of gold and three <foreign>kāṭi</foreign>s of taxable paddy, let <supplied reason="subaudible">the members of the assembly</supplied> sabhaiyars) be those who have the silt removed <supplied reason="explanation">kuḻi kutti aṭṭi viyppārkaḷ</supplied> [[IP: for deepening and raising the bunds]] for this Vayiramēkam (Skt. vajra-megha) tank, so that two lunar months <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>tiṅkaḷ</foreign></supplied> be included <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>akappaṭa</foreign></supplied> beginning in the Vaikāci <supplied reason="explanation">month</supplied> <supplied reason="explanation">that is, the term is fixed for two months starting from Vaikāci month</supplied>,

by remitting/contributing <supplied reason="explanation">aṭṭi, literally “by pouring, putting”</supplied> ten <foreign>kaḻañc</foreign>us of gold and and three <foreign>kāṭi</foreign>s of taxable paddy.

In this wise <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>ipparicu</foreign></supplied>, have I, Tēvaṉtai Kaḻukkuṉṟaṉ, given <supplied reason="subaudible">these</supplied> as pious gift.

<supplied reason="subaudible">As for</supplied> We, the members of the assembly, in this wise, for this tank, so that these ten <foreign>kaḻañcu</foreign>s of gold and these three <foreign>kāṭi</foreign>s of taxable paddy be a pious gift for this tank, We, the members of the assembly, will, each and every year, remove <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>aṭṭuvōm āṉōm</foreign></supplied> the silt <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>kuḻi kutti</foreign></supplied> and have <supplied reason="subaudible">it</supplied> removed <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>aṭṭivippōm āṉōm</foreign></supplied> [[add literal translation?]] above the banks <supplied reason="explanation"><foreign>karai mēl-ē</foreign></supplied>.

Those who say “This is not <supplied reason="subaudible">so</supplied>”, let them undergo the sin of injuring this pious gift.

<supplied reason="subaudible">Thus</supplied> have We, the members of the assembly, declared.

Those who protect this pious gift, their feet are on my head.

I, Tēvaṭi, son of Ciṟṟalaṉ, have engraved these letters/this writ.

</div>

On three superposed rows of blocks, some displaying projecting pilasters, of the southern base of the smaller platform of the Vaikuṇṭhaperumāḷ temple. The first row (lines 1–2) is made of 3 blocks. The second row (lines 3–7) is made of 2 blocks. The third row (lines 8–10) is made of 3 blocks. The milestone unit is however "area" since in the first row a character (<foreign>ti</foreign> in <foreign>pattiṉ</foreign>) is engraved on the perpendicular side of the pilaster, which is an integral part of the block.

<bibl><ptr target="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01"/></bibl>, followed by <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl> edit 11 lines of text whereas there are only 10 lines. The reason is that <bibl><ptr target="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01"/></bibl>'s lines 7 and 8 are in fact two readings of the same line 7, included in the edition due to oversight.

<bibl><ptr target="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01"/></bibl> and <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl> locate the lacunae at the end of the lines, while the examination in situ makes it clear that the lacunae are in the beginning of lines, as the fragmentary blocks are blocks a and d, the left parts of which are lost, not the blocks c and f. Furthermore, these lacunae on the edges of blocks concern only lines 1–7, not lines 1–9. The lacunae are longer in lines 1-2 (block a) than in lines 3–7 (block d). Restorations of these lacunae are made in the present edition, while <bibl><ptr target="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01"/></bibl> and <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl> do not suggest any restoration except at the beginning of the second reading of line 7, that is, their line 8.

Note the notarial/administrative style, replete with redundances and repetions.

</div>

Edited in <bibl><ptr target="bib:SubrahmanyaAiyer1928_01"/></bibl> (SII 6, no. 375); text and summary in <bibl><ptr target="bib:Mahalingam1988_01"/></bibl> (IP 218); re-edited here, with substantial revisions, and first translated by Emmanuel Francis (2020) from autopsy and photographs (2019).

</bibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

</bibl>

</listBibl>

</div>

</body>

</text>

</TEI>